英国文学史复习资料
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works
V The Romantic Period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人
应该是独立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change
from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of
the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules,
imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poets）
①
②
Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse
circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and
knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind
while he is in solitude.
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful
sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the
reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and
lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical
ideas and mystical thoughts.
③Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
②
2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
①
②
③
Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination,
a strange territory
④
⑤
⑥
3. George Gordon Byron乔治?戈登?拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）
“Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.
①
②
4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822
①Poetic Drama：
Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and
oppression
②
③Lyrics:
Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless
freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to
destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from
the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads
shich sill come to life in the spring.This is a poem about
renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things,
implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a
cycle, which only starts again when something dies.
Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in
iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each
with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc
ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an
invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.
Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
5. John Keats约翰?济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)
①Four great odes:
②
Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that
change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises
the glories of the fall season by using almost every type
of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.
Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes
by, but also asserts that this change usually yields
something new and better than what came before. Each
of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of
two different types of change. One type of change
shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.
6. Jane Austen简?奥斯丁1775~1817
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.
①
【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and
prejudice dissolved
【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a
necessary step if a woman is to avoid
the wretchedness of aging
spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships
unsupported by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic
characters
7. Walter Scott沃尔特?斯科特1771~1832
(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels
①
②
VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900
Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common
people and everyday events.
1. Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
①
②
③
④圣诞颂歌
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑨
⑩
是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。
2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷1811~1863
①
from
②
3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855
①
Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and
became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the
master,Mr. Rochester.
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women
struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human
being.
②
③
4. Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854
① < Wuthering Heights>呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.
【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the
daughter Catherine, Heathcliff
【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella
② < Old Stoic>
5. George Eliot乔治?艾略特1819~1880
①
② < Adam Bede>亚当?比德
③ < Silas Marner>织工马南
④ < Middlemarch>米德尔马契
6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德?丁尼生1809~1892
（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）
① < In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his friend
② < Break, Break, Break>
③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗
7. Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889
① < My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人
②
Elizabeth Barrett Browing:
①
8. Robert Louis Stevenson
①
9. Thomas Hardy托马斯?哈代1840~1928
（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment）
? Novels
① < Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔丝
Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration
② < Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德
③ < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下
④ < Far From The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣
⑤ < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长
⑥ < The Return of the Native>还乡
? Poems
Wessex Poems And Other Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The Dynasts 列国
VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century
Playwrights
① Oscar Wilde
② George Bernard Shaw
1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）
① 4 Comedies:
② Novel:
③Fairy Stories:
2. George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧1856~1950
(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist
? Plays
① Plays Unpleasant
② Plays Pleasant
③Plays
Novelists (Realists)
1. Joseph Concrad
①
②
1.Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness?
The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people’s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to
the evil in humans’ heart.
2.What is the symbolism of black and white
【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized
Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was
suppressed, as the Dark Ages.
According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all
was dark and God created light.
According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans
came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was
considered to be in the “dark stage”.
【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.
Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and
darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark
and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This
contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the
Congo.The contrast also suggests a psychological truth
about Marlow and the Europeans mind.
White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral
truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the
white man is totally corrupt
https://www.360docs.net/doc/fc15292872.html,ment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a
buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.
Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the
earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But
civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which
lurk in the background.
This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds
a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has
de-evolved into a primitive state.
4.Character
【Kurtz】represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.
【Marlow】represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.
5.Narrative Structure
In Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around
Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has
learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to
Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz’s story.
2. William Somerset Maugham
3. Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)
Modernists
? 3 Novelists
① James Joyce
② David Herbert Lawrence
③ Virgirnia Woolf
1. David Herbert Lawrence戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1885~1930
①
【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is "a woman of
character and refinement", a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious
woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner,
Walter Morel, and married beneath her own class.Then, she was
desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons. She h opes that they
will become outstanding
【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mother’s love and help to make
sense of the world around him. He struggle to free from his mother’s
influence, but he failed. After his mother has died and he is left alone, in
despair.
Theme:
Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy way of the
individual’s psychological development lay in the primacy of the life
implulse, or in another term, the sexual impulse.huaman sexuality was,
to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presenting the psychological
experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships,
Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel
Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers
②
③
④
2. James Joyce詹姆斯?乔伊斯1882~1941
（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness
3. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅?沃尔芙1882~1941
（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness
① Novels
? 2 Poets
① W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )
② T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )
1.William Butler Yeats威廉?勃特勒?叶茨1865~1939
（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家；The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动；
The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴；The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）
? collections
①
②
? Poems
2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）
? Poems
①
②
③
? Plays ①
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
《英国文学选读》课程简介
《英国文学选读》课程基本信息 课程发展的历史沿革 南京大学英国文学教学和研究历史悠久，基础厚实。 早在80年代，范存忠先生出版了《英国文学史提纲》，陈嘉先生编写的英文版《英国文学史》和《英国文学选读》获国家教委全国高等学校优秀教材奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英美小说》1995年获全国高校外国文学教学研究会首届优秀教材 奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》由北京高等教育出版社于2001年出版，列入面向21世纪课程教材、普通高等教育九五国家级重点教材”并作为英语专业系列教材”之一， 获2002年全国普通高等学校优秀教材一等奖。该教材修订版已列入普通高等教育十五国家 级教材规划选题” 2001年王守仁教授主持的英国文学网络课程作为教育部新世纪网络课程建设工程”项 目正式立项，获经费12万元。 2003年4月，英国文学网络课程在北京通过专家组质量认证。 f ---------------- 探教学内容 英国文学课程精选英国文学史上重要作家的名篇，包括莎士比亚、培根、华兹华斯、狄 更斯、哈代、艾略特、乔伊斯、劳伦斯等经典作家的名著以及当代作家的作品，题材涵盖小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文，教学内容全面系统，较好地体现了专业课程的基础性、先进性和前沿性。英国文学课程确立以文学作品为中心，采用读写议相结合的教学方式，注重培养学生的分析能力、思辩能力和语言表达能力，体现了素质教育的特点。通过对本课程的学习，学 生可以在教师的指导下阅读英语文学作品原著，理解英国文学与文化，提高文学批评鉴赏能 力和英语水平。 €--------------- la 探教学条件 英国文学课程以王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》为基本教材，充分发挥网络技术的 优势，基于课堂与网络，实行开放式教学。南京大学具备运行机制良好的硬件环境，开发的英国文学网络课件已从2002年春季学期起投入使用。英国文学网络课件以Web页面的形式 呈现教学内容，通过ASP技术，动态生成学习单元，每单元包括作者简介、背景介绍、作品赏析、作品选读和注释以及作家的相关网址，同时还配有相关评论、图片和名言。课件具有
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-盎格鲁-诺曼底时期【圣才出品】
第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期 2.1复习笔记 I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识) 1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服) A.Brief Introduction(简介) The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066. 说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。 B.Chief Influences(主要影响) (1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England; (2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with French vocabulary. （1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰； （2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。 II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征) (1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements. (2)There are three classes of new literature: ①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers); ②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy); ③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学史笔记
Index The Sixteenth Century
The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism, a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. Works First period: Romeo and Juliet Second Period: 1. Hamlet, Prince of Demark 2. Othello, the Moor of Venice 3. King Lear 4. The Tragedy of Macbeth The Seventeenth Century Puritan Age Burrton?s Anatomy of Melancholy. The spiritual gloom sooner or later fastens upon all the writers of this age. This so called gloomy age produced some minor poems of exquisites workmanship, and one of great master of verse whose work would glorify any age or people---John Milton, in whom the indomitable Puritan spirit finds its noblest expression. Restoration Age As a critic, poet and playwright was the most distinguished literary figure of the restoration age. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim as to entertain the licentious aristocrats. John Donne 1. Poetry Form
整理英国文学史bysummer
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Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066) I Background 449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons) II Literature The literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and Christian Two Anglo-saxon Christian poets: Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible. Cynewulf（基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjects III The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗) Status: England’s national epic Written at the beginning of the tenth century Composed much earlier Length:3182 The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter. Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatement Subject matter Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350) I historical background: The Norman Conquest II. The Literature The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure. III. Romance 1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England. 2. Definition and features(理解) IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight a late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur’s Round Table. It was a verse romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian romances. Part III Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400) I Major works The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》is a translation from a French poem. His masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales II Contributions 1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissanc e
英国文学史上笔记-The Middle Ages
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名著导读：《简爱》梗概、知识点和习题大集合
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英国文学史笔记
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