2019年崇明高三一模语文试题(含答案)
2023届上海市崇明区高三一模语文试卷含答
高三语文共8页第1页2022学年第一学期高三第一次模拟考试语文（考试时间150分钟，满分150分）
一、积累应用10分1.按要求填空。（5分）（1）亦余心之所善兮，_____________。（屈原《离骚》）（2）_____________，以手抚膺坐长叹。（李白《_______》）（3）2022年10月12日，在国际空间站执行任务的意大利女宇航员萨曼萨·克里斯托福雷蒂在社交媒体上发布了一组太空摄影作品，并配上了王羲之所著《兰亭集序》中的“_________________”，展现太空视角下所见的浩瀚之景。2.按要求选择。（5分）（1）以下是某校高一年级学生阅读《乡土中国》之前设定的阅读“预期”，请依据你的阅读经验判断，不适合的一项是（）（2分）A.了解中国乡村社会的基本面貌以及文化特性。B.学习一些社会学研究中观察社会的途径方法。C.探究中国基层社会语言文字发展演变的规律。D.解决家乡新农村建设过程中存在的相关问题。（2）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）。（3分）家庭既是传统伦理由以产生的土壤，又是传统伦理得以实践的核心机制。在古代中国，________，________，________，________，________。由氏族母体孕育的血缘纽带一直藕断丝连、绵延不绝地贯穿在传统社会中，并取得自己的肯定性形式“家庭”“家族”“宗族”。中国就不像西方诸民族那样从家庭到私产再到国家，而是从家庭到宗族再到国家，国家混合在家族里就成为所谓社稷。①但氏族关系始终没有彻底摧毁②原始社会的结构一直没有遇到足够的冲突得以转换③原始文明虽然逐渐萎缩④血缘纽带始终没有碰到突发的机遇得以中断⑤社会形态也在不断交替A.④⑤②③①B.②④③⑤①C.②③①④⑤D.④②①③⑤二、阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3—7题。（16分）材料一：①文艺对现实负责，并非其本身定义下的必然使命，如果它必须负责，其责任也纯然是一个自然、自由的抉择，而非隶属于任何与它无关的理念。文艺创造仅仅是心灵世界真实再现，它可以拥有现实的影子，也可以没有，或者仅仅是对现实极模糊或远距离的把握。文艺并不承担批判、责备或赞美的使命，一句话：文艺无立场。比如荷马史诗，你能理出它的是非善恶么？还有莎士比亚剧作、泰戈尔诗以及许多流传千古的作品都是如此，历史文学作品更如此，比如《圣经》旧约、新约，中国的《史记》、《汉书》等。②有人会立即反驳：《圣经》不正是传道的吗?不错，可同一部经书，历史上却扮过完全不同的角色，同一种信仰却生出完全不同的世界观。无怪费尔巴哈会说：《圣经》只有一部，只是人们给予了不同的解释。③一件文学艺术作品对读者的作用和产生该作品的动机全然不是一回事，同一作品对不同的人产生不同作用，这是人理解力差异造成的。正因如此，伟大的作品往往也是最富争议的。对于文学艺术作品产生迥然相异的社会效果，这不是作者能决定，也不是他可以负责的。作者关心的就是创造一种形式，把自己内心世界表现出来。与现实接近的作品似乎更易被人接受，作者有意或下意识取悦读者，这并非文学艺术创作原则，也非作品优劣判断的标准。作品符合现实的逻辑，它是被创造的新现实，人们可以通过这一新现实更深刻地把握自己面对的世界，产生深刻思想，这些都与文学艺术职能无关。文学艺术可以充当布道工具，那仅仅是工具而已，作为工具和它本身不是一回事。④枪可以射杀人和动物，也可以被展示和观赏，它本身产生的目的是前者而非后者。文艺作品刚好相反，目的是被展示和观赏，它产生射杀人和动物效果，那不是作品创造的初衷。然而被观念燃烧的激情也可以为后一目的，促使作者创造伟大的作品，许多文艺巨匠都是由此被社会接受的。伟大作品对现实的作用促使更多人把结果视为目的，于是文艺评价功利化．．．蔓延在文化活动的诸多方面。（节选自叶剑波《文学艺术与现实责任》）材料二：①当代艺术家的“自我实现”，大多伴随着对“功成名就”的渴望与“艺术创新”的创作过程。好多人说“我们杀出来了”，“我要创造与众不同的作品符号”，“我的作品价位在拍卖会上又上涨了多少”，以此来界定艺术家与艺术作品的成功，这些价值观念的背后实际是商业利益与广告效应的驱动。中国的传统文化观念从来不以创新作为界定优劣的标准，“苟日新，日日新，又日新”说的不是变换花样的翻新，而是指道德的修持与学问的精进。中国传统的艺术品评也不以新旧、怪异作为品评标准。艺术作品的成功在于能否充分地表达作者的理想与感情，能否使观者的心灵得到愉悦与净化。②孔子说：“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺”。在古代，艺术是志道、据德、依仁之后的余事，是文人“穷则独善其身”时个人精神的陶养，具有“成教化，助人伦”的社会伦理功能和陶冶性情、移风易俗的力量。艺术创作的目的也不仅仅是完成一件作品，而是通过这个创作过程达到自身的完善，并且期望对当时与后世都能产生深远的影响。在这种思想影响下的古代艺术家具有强烈的社会责任感和人文精神，他们与生俱来的禀赋加之苦心孤诣的修持精进，使他们的思想与行为能够对社会产生积极的影响。对国家与命运的忧患意识，对社会发展的积极参与使他们的艺术创作活动具有明显的伦理价值指向和文化承载意义。③艺术具有精神导向的作用，尤其是那些在社会上具有一定的地位与知名度的艺术家，他们的绘画思想、绘画风格以及行为言论都会成为关注与模仿的对象，因此，他们的价值判断与艺术观念不仅仅是个人行为，还具有广泛的社会效应，艺术家的自我实现与社会责任的担当是并行不悖的。当代的艺术家，在工业文明与市场经济的冲击下，有的失去了定力，出现了价值判断的混乱与模糊，从而导致艺术价值观念的扭曲。或重器轻道，尚智巧谋急用，以技术为创作的目的，忽略了作品的精神内涵；或积画以求售，尘交物蔽，缺失了艺术创作需要的虚静的精神状态与心理空间，导致了艺术品质的下降；或以丑为美，追求狂怪、邪僻与色情，创造吸引眼球的噱头，这些与中国传统文化追求的清明雅正越来越远，对艺术观念与艺术风格的误导却愈演愈烈。（节选自徐桂香《艺术家的自我实现与责任担当》）3.材料一第④段加点词“功利化”是指________________________。（2分）4.下列针对相关作品的表述最符合材料二中对艺术创作目的要求的一项是（）（3分）A.狄更斯的《大卫·科波菲尔》引发了英国社会对童工问题的关注。B.鲁迅的《祝福》揭露封建礼教吃人本质阐明彻底反封建的必要性。C.徐志摩的《再别康桥》有机融合中西方诗歌技巧探索新诗格律化。D.李密的《陈情表》以情理打动皇帝实现辞不就职奉养祖母的目的。5.材料一第②段画线句在论证上有何作用，请结合材料内容进行分析。（3分）6.能够依据文意做出的一项推断是（）。（3分）A.两则材料均认为艺术作品自身具有价值。B.依据材料一，文艺作品没有绝对的评价标准，故价值无高下之分。C.依据材料二，文艺作品评价应以社会效应为重点，突出责任担当。D.两则材料均否定艺术作品的功利化追求。7.假如你是材料一（或材料二）的作者，请站在自己的立场与另一材料作者对话，针对对方有关艺术家责任担当的论述进行评析。（5分）
2019年上海高三语文一模诗歌鉴赏汇编(16区全,含静安黄浦)
2019年高三语文一模诗词鉴赏汇编宝山区（三）阅读下面的诗歌，完成第12——14题。
（8分）唐多令（宋）刘过①安远楼②小集，侑觞歌板之姬黄其姓者，乞词于龙洲道人，为赋此《唐多令》。
同柳阜之、刘去非、石民瞻、周嘉仲、陈孟参、孟容。
时八月五日也。
芦叶满汀洲，寒沙带浅流。
二十年重过南楼。
柳下系船犹未稳，能几日，又中秋。
黄鹤断矶头，故人曾到否？旧江山浑是新愁。
欲买桂花同载酒，终不似，少年游。
【注释】①刘过：字改之，号龙洲道人。
一生屡试不第，怀才不遇。
力主抗金，恢复中原。
②安远楼：在今武昌黄鹤山上，又称南楼。
当时武昌是南宋和金人交战的前方。
12.下列对小序理解不正确的一项是（）。
（2分）A.交代了聚会的时间地点。
B.交代了参加聚会的对象。
C.交代了写作的社会环境。
D.交代了写作该词的原因。
13.下列对词作的分析不恰当的一项是（）。
（2分）A.“重过”点名故地重游，今昔对比，更添凄然之情。
B. 以“能几日，又中秋”反衬出故人难以团聚的忧伤。
C. “浑是新愁”包含着忧国伤时之感与自伤身世之慨。
D. 重过、故人、旧江山、少年等前后呼应，章法谨严。
14.扣住“满”“寒”二字，赏析“芦叶满汀洲，寒沙带浅流”两句。
（4分）【参考答案】12.C（2分）13.B（2分）14.以满地芦叶、一带江水写出眼前萧瑟的景象，这里的“满”字写满眼都是枯黄的芦叶，突出景色荒凉；“寒”字将视觉转化为触觉，突出了景色凄冷；烘托了词人内心凄凉感伤的心境；为全词蒙上了一层黯淡的底色（奠定了感情基调）。
（4分。
答到一点给1分）崇明区（三）阅读下面的诗歌，完成第12－14题。
（8分）秋夜客舍（唐）杜甫露下天高秋气清，空山独夜旅魂惊。
疏灯自照孤帆宿，新月犹悬双杵鸣。
南菊再逢人卧病，北书不至雁无情。
步檐倚杖看牛斗，银汉遥应接凤城。
【注释】①凤城：指长安。
12．下列对本诗对仗情况判断正确的一项是（）（1分）A．全不对仗B．两联对仗C．三联对仗D．四联对仗13．下列对作品风格评价正确的一项是（）（2分）A．清新自然B．雄奇豪放C．清丽含蓄D．悲壮慷慨14．结合全诗内容，赏析“北书不至雁无情”的表达效果。
上海市崇明区2024年高三一模语文答案
崇明区2023~2024年第一学期期末高三年级语文学科教学质量监测试卷参考答案一、积累应用10分1.（1）无之以为用（2）背绳墨以追曲兮（3）王羲之群贤毕至少长咸集2.（1）丙请尽情回忆青春往事评分说明：改例解决“请珍惜机会”的不得体意味即可。
（2）A二、阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成3—7题。
（16分）3.重大转变或影响总是有关键人物推动4.C5.A6.以反问语句增强辩驳语气，增加论证力度，突出对“常识解释事件”的否定；以绝对化表述突出反驳的气势，给予错误观点不容置辩的否定。
如“根本谈不上”给错误观点斩钉截铁的否定、“自然全是”“自然全不是”的概述绝对而典型，突出以常识解释事件的荒谬、“总是觉得”“简直是”的表述突出了这种解释带来的迷惑性，进而引发思考，强化论证的针对性。
评分说明：论述语言特点“反问语气”“绝对化表述”，1点1分；具体分析1点1分，给满3分为止。
7.参考示例一：我不赞同。
首先，本文对社会学家理解世界的前提有所界定，是“直观常识”，是一厢情愿的想当然；并通过典型案例中的相关研究验证多个直观常识存在的认识偏差，有针对地论述这类“常识”在理解复杂世界方面的问题；最后再以常识善于事后“解释”事件，导致其预测未来的错觉，突出其不可信。
因此，我不赞同论证缺乏说服力的观点。
参考示例二：我觉得这一观点有一定道理。
本文尽管对常见的“常识”带来的认知偏差进行论述，但仅仅是不完全归纳，并不能否认依然存在给社会学认识带来作用的“常识”。
同时，文章过度强调自然科学实验和数据统计的方法的作用，但是，对其与社会科学的一致性、适切性方面并未论及。
评分说明：评价1分，仅作评价无分析不给分；围绕观点的理由分析，1点2分分。
给满5分为止。
理由角度参考：“常识”的界定、概念界定与观点间关系分析、论证的层次逻辑等。
（二）（16分）8. 本文选取农夫雅各布一家丢失鸡蛋最终抓住盗窃者的小事展开叙述，通过叙述逐步呈现雅各布一家以及哈特利一家的贫穷，由此反映对美国经济危机背景下艰难时世的反思；围绕故事展开，借助看报纸、插叙往事等方式，丰富对人物的塑造，突出了人物的典型性和代表性，由典型的人物形象反映工人、农民阶层的悲惨遭遇；文中埃德娜对哈特利甚至子女的刻薄、哈特利的高傲以及家人面对杀死狗时的冷漠刻画等，均深刻地揭示出艰难时世对人性的扭曲。
2019年上海市各区高三一模语文试卷汇编(作文)
2019年上海市各区高三一模语文试卷汇编——作文【徐汇区】26．生活中，每个人都被赋予了不同的社会角色。
如何看待社会角色所蕴含的社会期待对自己的影响，人们的认识不尽相同。
请自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章，谈谈你的思考。
【奉贤区】29.阅读以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
（70分）“螃蟹里面有人造鸡蛋!”“用手机QQ扫100元人民币，就会有AR效果的“金凤凰”飞出，可以鉴别假币”“莫言将诺贝尔文学奖奖金投资到善林金融，结果被骗得血本无归”“中国国民素质全球倒数第二”……互联网的出现和发展，给生活提供了很多便利，但是层出不穷的谣言，也给人们带来许多困扰，针对这些谣言，你怎么看?【青浦区】26.根据以下材料写作。
佛家语：“是非天天有，不听自然无；是非天天有，不听还是有；是非天天有，看你怎么办？”看了上面材料引发了你怎样的思考？请自选一个角度写一篇不少于800字的文章，题目自拟。
审题：“是非”的基本词义：①对与错；正确与谬误②口舌、纠纷、矛盾（社会现象）③评论；褒贬本材料中所指的意思可以是第②项、第③项。
整句话的意思很清楚，“是非”是客观存在的普遍现象，对之不听、不管、不顾，可以获得主观上的“清静”，所谓“眼不见心不烦”。
但是，并不是因为你的不管、不顾“是非”就消失了。
“是非”是一种客观存在、普遍存在，与个人、家庭、社会乃至国家都有非常紧密的关系，对之岂可都熟视无睹。
于是就需要好好思考如何面对“是非”的问题。
对这个材料，首先关注的是“是非”要不要管。
其次关注的是对“是非”的判断。
有些要管，有些可以不管，但关键是考虑“是非”的性质、大小、轻重、影响等的判断。
总之不可一概而论。
【崇明区】26．生活中，许多人并非因为知道自己欠缺什么，然后去弥补，而是受他人或社会的影响而做出决定。
对此，你有怎样的思考？请写一篇不少于800字的文章。
要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）文体不限，诗歌除外。
上海市崇明区2025届高三第一次模拟考试语文试卷(含答案)
上海市崇明区2025届高三第一次模拟考试语文试卷（考试时间150分钟，满分150分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）一、积累应用10分1.按要求填空。
(5分)(1)自见者不明，______________________。
（《老子》）(2) ______________________,愿乞终养。
(《陈情表》)(3)李白《梦游天姥吟留别》中“_________________，_________________”两句直抒胸臆，表现了作者蔑视权贵、傲岸不屈的精神。
2.按要求选择。
(5分)(1)下列内容是小明围绕“词语的语体色彩”准备写作语言札记收集的例句，请为他选择语体色彩使用最恰当的一项( )。
(2分)A.全校领导会议开场白：尊敬的各位同事，大家好！我谨以个人的名义邀请大家一起来聊聊咱们学校未来的五年规划。
B.公司季度业绩报告：本季度业绩下滑，主要是因为竞争激烈，加上原材料价格疯长，真是“屋漏偏逢连夜雨”啊。
C.广播电台儿童广播剧：从前有一只小兔子，它生活在一片广袤无垠的森林之中，每天都在奋力地探索未知的世界。
D.给专家发送的邀请函：尊敬的赵老师，我们诚挚地邀请您参加我校举办的读书节活动并为广大师生做主旨演讲。
(2)将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是( )。
(3分)以深度学习为代表的人工智能技术，可有效地表示或逼近高维空间所形成的函数，这种解题模式，___________——___________，___________。
___________，___________，通过生成模型和判别模型间的互相博弈来产生更优输出，在极短时间内遍历更大的未知空间，为科学的发展带来新的可能。
①需通过大算力来破解多维参数间的逻辑关系②人工智能具有的深度探索优势可以开启远超科学家能力范围的潜在知识域③直接绕开传统分析方法的困境④更为值得一提的是⑤直接获知多维参数及数据中所隐藏的模式A.①③②④⑤B.⑤④③②①C.③①⑤④②D.④⑤①②③二、阅读70分(一)阅读《事实与虚构——论边界》一书的书评，完成第3-7题。
2019届上海市高三一模阅读C篇专项归纳
1宝山区(C)Are you worried about money? If so, I have some good news for you. Someone once said, “If all your problems can be solved with money, then you don't have any.” I get the point. Unless you are on the edge of losing everything and living in your car (which is a very sad thing that happens to people every day), your perceptions of your problems may not be serving you well.Let's take a look. Can you pay your living expenses and support your family? If so you are OK. Even if you are a family that just barely breaks even every month, you have to count that as a blessing, Most of us also have those terrible, surprising unexpected bills. But unless you you’re your job or your mind, don't you always find a way to take care of those expenses?PERTINENT(切中要害的) QUESTIONSTo see if you worry too much about finances, ask yourself a couple of questions Do you wake up worried about money? Do you check your bank balance and look at upcoming bills more than once every few days or even multiple times a day? If so, then you may have a little financial insecurity going on. Let's look at getting it under control. If it's making you crazy, it can make your family a little crazy too. This type of anxiousness is passed on to others, which is important to remember whenever you have the urge to share your fears.TOO MUCH INFORMATIONTMI (too much information) happens because it seems that by releasing Pent-up(压抑的)feelings of anxiety you will feel better and hopefully more supported and that this can happen but not with your loved ones because they will take all your fair and magnify it. Talk instead with your financial advisor, your bank manager or your therapist. Laying your financial fears at the feet of your family is not good for them or for you. Yes, be honest about any problems, but if you get emotional, so will those closest to youPOSITIVE ACTIONIt's hard to be this passionate about money, but honestly, it's really the best way to get this issue solved. You have to look at it from a practical standpoint. Go over your debts, look closely at your assets and determine the best thing for you to do with your time right now.Maybe you need to use this time to get your books and other only your computer or use it to job hunt or to promote your business. Then again you may need to hire an accountant and go on some interviews. The point is simple: the only way to relieve yourself of the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Financial problems are not vital ones in everyone's daily life.B. You'd better calm down when you have financial problems.C. You needn't worry about unexpected bills even if you're out of work.D. When you have financial fears, remember to share feelings with others.64. The passage implies that ______.A. the best way to deal with money problem is to take positive actionB. as long as we share feelings with others, money fear will disappearC. we should have an optimistic attitude toward financial fearsD. any problem we meet can be solved with the help of money65. The phrase lay your financial fears at the feet of your family in the sixth paragraph probably means ______.A. to solve financial fears caused by your familyB. to help your family smartly avoid financial fearsC to make your family responsible for financial fearsD. to encourage your family to face financial fears bravely66. The best title of the passage is ______.A. Perceptions of money and valueB. Passion, money and familyC. Keeping balance of psychologyD. Dealing with money worries56—59 ADAB 60—62 CBD 63—66 BCCD 67—70 DCEB2崇明区( C )A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or AI, made a historicappearance on the auction(拍卖) block at Christie’s in New York Ci ty. It is the first artwork created by an algorithm(算法) to be offered for auction in the world of fine art.The odd-looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark frockcoat left the auction block at Christie’s for a whopping US$432,500 on Oct. 25 in New York City.The portrait —designed in the “Old Master” style reminiscent of European fine artists from centuries ago —only partially fills the canvas, leaving empty space around the central figure. It appears to represent a man with a blurred face, dressed in clothing similar to that worn by subjects painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century.Of course, a computer didn’t automatically pick up a brush and become an artist. The AI that created the image had human programmers---a Paris ian art collective called Obvious, Christie’s reported. Their cooperation, titled “Portrait of Edmond De Belamy, ” is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch $7,000 to $10,000, according to Christie’s.To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15,000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artists Hugo Caselles-Dupre’ told Christie’s. The algorithm that eve ntually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other, called the Generator (that makes the art) and a Discriminator(that tries to spot the difference between human-created and AI-created images), Caselles-Dupre’ explained: they called this AI “generate adversarial network”(GAN), Casells-Dupre’ explained.GAN’s final image was then printed and framed, according to Obvious. At the bottome of the portrait is a mathematical formula(公式) representing the algorithm that created it, a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator, Obvious artists wrote on the collective’s website.The goal of the painting and of Obvious, also co-founded by Hugo Caselles-Dupre and Gauthier Vernier, wasto prove “artificial intellige nce can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing---it can be creative,” Consumer News and Business Channel reported.Portraiture is a tough task for AI to take on, according to Christie’s, “since humans are highly accustomed to the c urves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be.” This difficulty was part of Obvious’ thinking when they created the portrait.“Edmond de Belamy” is one of eleven AI paintings made by Obvious.63. It can be learned from the passage th at the portrait “Edmond de Belamy”________.A. was sold at an unexpected high priceB. was the first artwork sold at an auctionC. is a painting created by means of brushD. is a man who once appeared at the auction64. To create a portrait, AI needs to ________.A. learn from plenty of imagesB. use an algorithm with many partsC. work against human paintersD. recognize its human programmers65. What can be conclude from the passage?A. The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless.B. The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativityC. It is more difficult for AI to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait.D. AI is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human66. The passage mainly tells us that ________.A. AI will soon replace man in some fieldsB. an AI-created portrait sells high at an auctionC. a proper algorithm is the key for AI to create artD. AI-created paintings are better received at auctions56. D 57. C 58. C 59. B 60. D61. C 62. A 63. A 64. A 65. B 66. B3普陀区（C）Is Paperless Office Really Paperless?A rising economy increased paper sales by 6 yo 7 percent each year in the early to mid-1990s, and the convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge anything and everything. In 2004, Ms Dunn, a communications supplies director, said that plain white office paper would see less than a 4 percent growth rate, a primary reason for which is that some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices.For office innovators, the dream of paperless office is an example of high-tech arrogance（傲慢）. Today’s office service is overwhelmed By more newspapers than ever before. After decades of development, the American government can finally get rid of the madness on paper. In the past, the demand for paper has been far ahead of growth in the American economy, but the sales have slowed markedly over the past two to three years, despite the good economic conditions.“Old habits are hard to break,”says Ms. Dunn.“There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn’t work. Those funcitons are both its strength and its weakness.”Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair.“We’re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,”says John Maine, vice presid ent of a paper economic consulting firm.“More information is being transmitted electronically, and an increasing number of people are satisfied that information exists only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.”To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Marks can be erased or saved digitally. Even with such technological advances, the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.“The information industry today is composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core,”Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core is far larger and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becomign paperless, but we hardly notice at all.“That’s one of the greatest ironies of the information age,”Saffo says.“It’s just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phoen or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.”63. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for the slowdown in American paper sales?A. Workforce with better computer skills.B. Slow growth of the U.S. economy.C. Changing patterns in paper use.D. Changing employment trends.64. What does the last sentence in Para 3 mean?A. We have to look at paper consumption from different angles.B. There is little chance that paper consumption will fall in the digital age.C. Paper consumption will be greatly reduced in the digital age.D. People are no longer so addicted to paper in the digital age.65. The innovations from Xerox and other companies feature ___.A. the intergration of digital technology with traditional paperB. the chance from traditional paper to digital technologyC. the combination of the use of computer screens and cell phonesD. a new type of computer writing and communciation66. What can we draw from the example of the aviation industry in the last paragraph?A. The dream of the paperless office will be realized some day.B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings instead of using computers.C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use in the digital time.D. Some people are no longer opposed to video-conferencing.56-59 C B D C 60-62 D C B 63-66 B B A C4青浦区(C)Medicine is the most noble of all the arts, but owing to the ignorance of those who practice it, and those who inconsiderately form a judgment of them, it is now far behind all the other arts. Their mistake appears to me to arise principally from the fact that there is no punishment for the practice of medicine except disgrace, and that does not hurt those who are familiar with it. Such persons are like the figures introduced in tragedies, for as they have the shape, and dress, and appearance of an actor, but are not actors, so also physicians are many in title but very few in reality.Whoever is to acquire a competent knowledge of medicine ought to possess the following advantages: a natural character; instruction; a favorable position for the study; early tuition; love of labor; leisure. First of all, a natural talent is required, for Nature leads the way to what is most excellent; then instruction in the art takes place,which the student must try to adopt by reflection, becoming an early pupil in a place well adapted for instruction. He must also bring to the task a love of labor and perseverance to ensure the instruction takes root.Instruction in medicine is like the culture of the productions of the earth. For our natural character, is, as it were, the soil; the principles of our teacher are, as it were, the seed. Instruction in youth is like the planting of the seed in the ground at the proper season. Diligent study is like the cultivation of the fields; and it is time which passes on strength to all things and brings them to maturity.Having brought all these essentials to the study of medicine, and having acquired a true knowledge of it, we shall thus, in travelling around, be respected physicians not only in name but in reality. Inexperience is a bad trait, and does harm to those who possess it, nurturing either timidity or audacity(胆大妄为). For timidity reveals a want of powers, and audacity a lack of skill. Physicians who are eager for power or those who are undertrained are not a blessing to a community.Those things which are sacred or noble, are to be delivered only to sacred persons; and it is wrong to import them to the profane until they have been initiated in the mysteries of the science.63. Based on paragraph 1, which of the following best characterizes bad physicians?A. They are greedy.B. They are pretenders.C. They are difficult to contact.D. They are the minority.64. According to paragraph 2, what must accompany the personal quality of a physician?A. A good education.B. A supportive family.C. Approval from the authority.D. Popularity in the community.65. If the author of the passage were to use a heading for each paragraph, which heading would fit best before paragraph 3?A. An Herbal Treatment.B. Medicine and Gardening.C. The Growth of a Physician.D. Understanding Agriculture First.66. Based on the under lined sentences in paragraph 5, what is the relationship between the words “sacred” and “profane”?A. The two words are exactly the same in meaning.B. The two words are similar in meaning.C. The two words are of the same root.D. The two words are opposites.56-59 BDBC 60-62 DBA 63-66 BACD5松江区(C)The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year indicated a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while paying few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the other hand, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority ofwhich are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely considered as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as incomplete.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2℃deserves to be praised but the emissions reduction promises submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants (暴君) or pioneers.63. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because ________.A. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD. it burdens developed countries with the full responsibility64. Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”?A. They needn’t worry about the fo od and water they consume.B. They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C. They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D. They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”.65. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A. It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B. There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C. There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D. It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.66. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.(A) 56----59 CACD (B) 60----62 CBD (C) 63----66 ACBD6徐汇区CPhilosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom, and is something broader thanthe societal institution of education we often speak of.Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes(社会等级), the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic（全面的）, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students sys tematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De Magistro”. Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed.During the Renaissance（文艺复兴）, the French doubter Michel de Montaigne (1533 - 1592) was one of the first to critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period, calling into question the whole structure of the educational system, and the assumption that university-educated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers, for example.56.Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field’?A. It is the practical applications of the real world.B. Its theoretical concepts are easily understood.C. It is irrelevant for education.D. It is not practically applicable.57.What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?A. Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that studentsneed to be constantly questioned.B. Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning.C. There was no difference.D. Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates emphasizedupon science.58.According to the passage, the underlined word “Perennialism” most probably refers to something_____________A. that is unnecessary.B. that is of ceaseless importance.C. that is abstract and theoretical.D. that exists no more.59.Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?A. Facts are not important.B. Facts do not lead to holistic education.C. Facts change with the changing times.D. Facts are frozen in time.56-59 ADCC 60-62 BAB 63-66 DABC7杨浦区区(C)You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps. Undoubtedly, it means that there's someone around. But have you ever wondered why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps, not ours?According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves.In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research centered on an intuition (直觉) -- that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps -- as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena: how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments.In the experiment, researchers controlled the sounds a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note", senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.Scientists found that their auditory cortex(听觉皮层) -- the area of the brain that processes sound -- became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it."It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter(过滤) out the sound of their own movements," David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neural Science at New York University, told HuffPost.But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the "sensory filter" in a mouse's brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds."For mice, this is really important," said Schneider. "They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them, even when they're walking and making noise.Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument."When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we're going to hear -- such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano -- and we compare this to what we actually hear," explains Schneider. "We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play -- and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors."63. What can be discovered about mice in the experiment?A. Their brain responds inactively to the familiar sounds.B. They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice.C. They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps.D. Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds.64. What’s the function of the sensory filter?A. Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds.B. Ignoring the sounds made by our companions.C. Identifying the sounds from a larger environment.D. Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement.65. Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played?A. He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player.B. He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement.C. He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors.D. He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment.B. The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers.C. The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance.D. Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals.56-59 A D D D 60-62 D C B 63-66 A C D B8长宁区（C)The term ‘dark tourism’ is far newer than the practice, which long predates Pompeii's emergence as a dark attraction. Dr Philip Stone, perhaps the world's leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Colosseum to be one of first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18" century, the appeal was crueler still in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the site, which was roughly where Marble Arch stands today.It was only in 1996 that ‘dark tourism' entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow。
上海市一级重点中学2019届高三一模试题语文Word版含答案
上海市一级重点中学2019届高三一模试题语文Word版含答案一积累应用 10分1.默写。
（3分）⑴，误几回、天际识归舟？（柳永《八声甘州》）⑵三山半落青天外，。
（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）⑶，为谁流下潇湘去。
（秦观《踏莎行•郴州旅舍》）2. 下列诗句中，没有用典的一项是（）（1分）A.黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。
B.可怜后主还寺庙，日暮聊为《梁甫吟》。
C.驿寄梅花，鱼传尺素，砌成此恨无重数。
D.便纵有千种风情，更与何人说！3. 下列诗句中，未使用修辞手法的一项是（）（1分）A.寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。
B.倩何人，唤取红巾翠袖，揾英雄泪。
C.落花水香茅舍晚，断桥头卖鱼人散。
D.峰峦如聚，波涛如怒。
山河表里潼关路。
4. 古人常以荷花喻人，下列诗歌中的荷花，不具此意的一项是（）（1分）A. 秋荷独后时，摇落见风姿。
无力争先发，非因后出奇。
B. 世间花叶不相伦，花入金盆叶作尘。
惟有绿荷红菡萏，卷舒开合任天真。
C. 涉江玩秋水，爱此红蕖鲜。
攀荷弄其珠，荡漾不成圆。
D. 毕竟西湖六月中，风光不与四时同。
接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。
5. 下列诗句中，没有使用比拟修辞手法的一项是（）（1分）A. 霜禽欲下先偷眼，粉蝶如知合断魂。
B. 遥望洞庭山水色，白银盘里一青螺。
C. 只恐夜深花睡去，故烧高烛照红妆。
D. 有情芍药含春泪，无力蔷薇卧晓枝。
6. 春节将至，某汽车运输公司的停车场要贴一副对联，下列不宜作为春联的一项是（）（1分）A．平安靠好司机，场兴有主人翁。
B．注意交通安全，遵守交通规则。
C．大干快上多装，争分夺秒快跑。
D．场兴我兴皆兴，场荣我荣俱荣。
7. 下列各项排序，最适合填入方框中的一项是（）（2分）人类发展权利，相信我们这个世界一定会变得更加美好。
（摘自《人民日报》）①也需要国际社会携起手来②中国仍然面临着发展不平衡、不协调等问题③互鉴发展经验④还需作出更大努力⑤实现更高水平的发展A. ②①⑤③④B. ④②③①⑤C. ②⑤④①③D. ④①③②⑤二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第8—13题。
上海崇明高三语文一模试卷(含)
崇明区2020届第一次高考模拟考试一试卷语文（考试时间150分钟，满分150分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上一、累积应用10分）1．按要求填空。
（5分）1）世胄蹑高位，_____________。
（左思《》）2）_____________，则知明而行无过矣。
（荀子《劝学》）3）苏轼《江城子》中的词句“_____________，_____________”写出了久别重逢后“此时无声胜有声”的境界。
2．按要求选择。
（5分）（1）以下选项中，名句使用最适合的一项为哪一项（）。
（2分）A．小李因工作业绩不好，情绪失意，朋友鼓舞说：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。
”B．班级球队冲击冠军，同学们拉出横幅“不鸣则已，一举成名”为队员们加油。
C．老刘退休后想再就业，家人以“古来存老马，不用取长途”劝其不要再工作。
D．高考前夜，班主任在班级贴出“往者不行谏，来者犹可追”的口号激励大家。
（2）将以下编号的语句挨次填入语段空白处，语意连接的一项为哪一项（）。
（3分）在大概上说来，人类的生命可说是由很多不一样种族的生命之流所造成的，___________，___________，___________，___________，每一个人的生命可是是那棵树的一部分或一个分枝，生在树身上，以其生命来帮助全树的生长和赓续。
①倒是家族的生命之流②依据中国人和西方人的比喻③但是一个人直接感觉到的、直接看见的④我们用“家系”或“家族的树”一词A．④③②① B．③②①④C．④②①③D．③①②④二、阅读70分（一）阅读下文，达成第3－7题。
（16分）斥责受害者是什么缺点马薇薇①安全部是人类仅次于生理需求的基本要求。
但是，为了获取安全感，我们却常常会以“斥责受害者”和“找寻替罪羊”的心态，使自己离真切的安全愈来愈远。
②什么叫“斥责受害者”当不幸的事发生时，受害者本应获取我们无条件的怜悯。
但是事实是，在礼貌地表示怜悯以后，我们常常会对他们产生一种复杂的负面情绪，感觉他们之所以遇到损害，应当也有咎由自取的一面。
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2019年崇明高三一模语文试题(含答案)2019年崇明高三一模语文试题一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1-6题。
（17分）神话•思维•创作铁舞①神话是什么？通常我们是这样认识的，神话就是原始时期，人们不自觉地把自然力形象化、拟人化而形成的幻想神奇的故事和传说。
它是人类早期生产力低下的产物，是初民对于宇宙起源、自然现象和社会生活的一种幼稚的解释，其中有初民的理想追求，富有积极进取的浪漫主义精神。
教科书上也这样说的。
这从发生学上说无可争辩，但没有从思维本体考虑，它在各种思维中占据何种位置。
说它是最高级别的思维，也许有人不赞成。
我们必须垂直看。
一个先民考虑的是如何打猎，获取生活用品。
另一个先民考虑，．．天怎么会下雨刮风，天上有没有神？你说哪个思维层次高，显然是后者。
要不然，神话怎么会是宗教的萌芽、美术的由起、小说的渊源呢？我国的《山海经》《楚辞》《淮南子》等，保存了多少的神话材料啊，这都是古人高级思维的结果。
至于那些传说，尽管属于集体口头创作的叙事文学，也有相当部分由神话演变而来。
②神话思维的根本特征就是超越现实，这种在原始时期不自觉地把自然力形象化、拟人化而形成的幻想神奇的故事和传说，随着人们对现实社会有越来越清醒的认识，从而降低了一开始就有的最高层面的追问，不再有飞天，追日那样的故事，而热衷于志怪了，这类小说，盛行于魏晋南北朝，千百年来流传不绝。
可以说它们是神话世俗化的表现，是神话思维的末梢，若给神话思维分上中下三品的话，它属于下品，最高级的神话思维还是在先人那里。
人类童年对宇宙秘密的追问至今仍未被我们超越，这也正是我们今天重提神话思维的意义所在。
③我们今天研究神话，不仅仅是讨论神话的源头和神话的内容，重要的是要讨论它的思维方式，看看这种思维方式于今人还有没有用。
首先要看到神话的思维层次不是低级别的，前面已稍作解说，在此我们再做一些深入探讨。
我们不妨为先人初民的思维层次立一个数轴，第一层考虑的是生存，上一层考虑的是怎样更好地组织部落问题，再上一层可能是家族的繁衍，更大范围的联姻等，这样一层层的上去，最高层就是终极问题了，究天问地，大自然怎么会是这样的，怎么会有风雨雷电，天有多大，地有多广，人的命运由什么决定的，由现实进入虚拟，人的想象力充分打开，不能不说是一个非常高级的层次。
这是一根竖的数轴，在这根竖的数轴底部再画一条横的数轴，在这条数轴上标上历史年代。
我们就会发现人类社会越朝前发展，随着生产力的进步和科技的发达，人们越看清现实，现实思维越来越发达，想象的事物越来越清晰，已经无所谓神话了，因而神话思维越来越萎缩，或者说越来越世俗化，尽管其思维方式还存在，但不再是一开始的那种终极性质的。
即使这样神话思维依然处在最高层的，这仅仅是由它一开始处于它的超越现实的终极性质决定的，事实上人们更多地考虑现实问题。
从理论上讲，每个时代，都应该有它超越时代现实的思维追求，只是正如赵汀阳在他的《坏世界研究》里所说的，‚世界首先是个坏世界，而人们幻想好世界。
人们通过政治去研究坏世界，而通过道德想象好世界。
古代人看重理想，所以把政治学看作理学的一部分，现代人认清现实，因此政治哲学成为了第一哲学。
‛这种情况下，神话思维几乎派不上用处了。
如果说还有的话，那就衍化成志怪一类的，也是专指现实的，再没有向上叩问的动力了。
然而这也许仅仅是事情的一个方面，表现得比较广泛；其实，人类对其童年时的那种追问一直没有停止过，神话思维主要被科学思维所代替，牛顿的万有引力，爱因斯坦的相对论，霍金的时间简史，等等，都是对大宇宙终极追问的表现。
④这么说，神话思维在今天已经无所作为了？也不是。
其实类似志怪类的神话思维末梢在现代文学作品中还有些蛛丝马迹，如莫言的《蛙》《生死疲劳》即是；不过在网络小说《鬼吹灯》那样的玄幻小说里还是大量存在的。
而流传在民间的大部分神话都反映了人们的美好愿望，这些神话的内容今天如何发掘？其精神如何体现在叩问未来未知世界的文学作品里，这是值得我们探讨的。
面对未来的海平面的上涨，未来的机器人时代，我们的文学‚创客‛该有何作为呢？正如格林小说揭示的，通往善的道路并不真实存在，通往或多或少的邪恶的道路倒有千条万条，因此，今天关注人性的边缘，关注人类未来的命运，乃至拯救我们居住的这个星球，比任何时候都重要，像莫言《生死疲劳》这种借助旧神话思维——生死轮回讲故事的小说，如果能借助人类基因遗传的知识，而产生一种全新的神话思维方式，一定会写得别开生面，令人喜欢。
可以说，这方面的想象力我们的作家还远未打开。
（节选自《解放日报》，有删节）1. 第①段中加点字“垂直”在文中的含义是纵向比较（2分）2. 第①段中“教科书上也这样说”在文中有什么作用？（2分）表明上文从发生学角度对“神话”的概念定义具有一定权威性，合理性。
（1分）同时为下文提出自己有关神话思维本体考虑作铺垫。
（1分）3. 根据文意，下列有关“神话思维”的表述正确的是（ A ）（3分）A.神话思维之所以是最高级的思维，因为它体现终极性邪恶追问。
B.最高级的神话思维还在先人那里，体现作者对神话思维的忧虑。
C.科学思维就是神话思维的现实延续，保持对大宇宙的终极追问。
D.神话思维在现代文学中依然保留，势必能让创作别开生面。
4. 概括第③段内容。
（3分）神话思维思考问题具有终极性特点，是高级思维；（1分) 随着生产力的进步和科技的发达，现实思维越来越发达，神话思维越来越萎缩；（1分) 人类的终极追问逐渐被科学思维替代。
（1分）5. 试从神话思维“超越现实的终极性质”角度对以下神话进行分析。
（4分）盘古将身一伸，天即渐高，地便坠下。
而天地更有相连者，左手执凿，右手持斧，或用斧劈，或以凿开。
自是神力，久而天地乃分。
二气升降，清者上为天，浊者下为地，自是混沌开矣。
这一神话讲述了拥有神力的盘古持斧凿开天辟地的故事，(1分) 它所思考的不是现实的问题，超越了人类的现实认知,(1分) 展现了人类丰富的想象力，(1分) 体现了先民对混沌初开、天地生成的终极性思考。
(1分）6. 第④段作者对神话思维在今天的意义价值做了思考，请对此进行探究，谈谈自己的看法。
（4分）作者认为神话思维在关注人性的边缘、人类未来的命运、拯救我们的星球等方面都具有很大的价值。
如可以利用人类基因遗传知识创作生死轮回的故事等。
（2分) 我认为可以利用核能、风能利用等方面的知识，探究未来地球能源危机的解决问题; 可以利用天文学知识来探究人类对未知的宇宙空间的发现利用问题等。
（2分）（二）阅读下文，完成第7-11题。
（19分）湖岸上那棵五针松康剑①那天从深山巡护归来，要乘船渡过二十四公里长的喀纳斯湖。
湖面碧波荡漾，清风送爽。
坐船行至湖面的一道湾处，我习惯性地抬头向湖东岸的悬崖上望去，竟然发现崖壁上的那棵五针松不见了。
起初以为是自己老眼昏花，没看清楚。
赶忙揉揉眼再仔细看，发现那棵挺拔的五针松竟然连根拔起，横躺在了崖壁的上方。
②于是内心一片悲戚，我那站在悬崖上守望湖面已经有一百多年的五针松呀，你怎么竟如此不近人情地弃我而去了呢！又是谁将你挺拔的身躯硬生生地从陡峭的山崖上抹去了呢！要知道，这无情的一抹，抹去的可是喀纳斯湖畔一道别样的风景。
③回到护林站，我茶饭不思，辗转反侧，连做梦都要梦到湖岸上的那棵五针松。
我百思不得其解，一棵好端端的松树怎么就会糊里糊涂地轰然倒地，忽然死去了呢？要知道，一棵长在崖壁上的树能生存一百多年，它要经历多少风霜雨雪的磨砺，怎么可能会轻而易举地死去呢！④但我的眼睛没有欺骗自己，那棵五针松确实是倒在了悬崖上。
我迫不及待想弄清楚的是，让它轰然倒下的，到底是人为的力量，还是自然的作用。
⑤难过了几日，我约了两个同是护林人的伙伴，去看那棵我日思夜想的五针松。
我们沿着湖岸边的林间小道，从喀纳斯湖的出水口向一道湾的崖壁处徒步行走。
这条小道被称为泰加林小道，四周长满了西伯利亚落叶松、五针松、云杉、冷杉和疣枝桦。
在这样的混交林中行走，五针松的形象最为抢眼，它们树干挺拔，树冠婆娑，被称为林中骄子，还拥有一个好听的学名，叫新疆红松。
走在林间小道上，你能听到喀纳斯湖的波浪轻轻拍打湖岸的声音，那声音像音乐，特别有节奏感。
⑥这段路程足足有五六公里长。
起初，我们陶醉在森林与湖水交相辉映的风景里，似乎暂时忘记了悬崖上的那棵倒去的松树。
但越往里走，越是感觉到今年湖岸上的这片森林有别于往年。
我们陆续看到一些松树被连根拔起或拦腰折断。
再走不多久，我们被眼前的一幕惊呆了。
我们怎么也不会想到，在快到一道湾处的湖岸边，松林竟然成片地匍匐倒地，惨不忍睹。
要知道，这些松树大的有几百年的树龄，小的也已经生长了上百年。
⑦不用再取证分析，现实足以告诉我们，这些高大无比的松树都是被大风刮倒的。
我们讨论着，要成片刮倒这些参天大树，风的力量和速度会是何等的不可一世呀！横躺在小道上的松树已经被附近的护林人用油锯清理过，可见这些大树被风刮倒已经有些时日了。
好在再往里走，倒木比我们前面看到的明显减少了。
我们刚才激动的情绪才开始慢慢平复下来。
⑧我们攀爬上一道湾处的悬崖上方，这里保存着大量古冰川运动留下的遗迹：羊背石、冰臼、冰蚀凹槽……悬崖顶端上的冰川擦痕虽然经历了几十万年的风吹雨打，但依旧清晰可见。
在冰川巨大无比的力量面前，坚硬的岩石都会被它削峰填谷。
我们眼前宽阔狭长的喀纳斯湖，就是冰川刨蚀作用下形成的冰碛堰塞湖。
在自然界里，冰川的力量往往胜过岩石的坚硬。
⑨站在高高的崖壁上方，我们眼前是波光粼粼的喀纳斯湖。
那棵倒地的五针松，就在前方悬崖的边上。
过去，我常常一个人来到这里，独自欣赏湖岸上这棵孤独的松树。
不管是春夏秋冬，无论是风霜雨雪，它就像是一个忠诚的卫士，始终守护在喀纳斯湖的身旁。
它站在高耸峭立的崖壁上，玉树临风，孤傲无比。
喀纳斯湖周围生长着亿万棵松树，只有这棵松树生长在了险峻的山崖上方，因此，它被人记住了。
我曾经站在这棵悬崖上的五针松旁，它的个头足足高出我十几倍，站在它面前，我显得那么微不足道。
这棵树孤芳自赏地站在那里，站立了一百多年，把自己站成了喀纳斯湖边一道不一样的风景。
⑩现在，它却倒在了湖岸岩石的上方。
摧倒它的，不是人为的破坏，不是闪电霹雳，恰恰是来自湖面上的山风。
想当年，这棵树的生长也许正是来自风的作用。
一颗松果被山风吹落在了悬崖上的石缝里，种子接触到了土壤，恰恰又赶上了雨水的滋润。
于是，松果开始发芽，幼苗慢慢长大，是喀纳斯湖水散发出来的潮气，养育了这棵挺拔的树中骄子。
大自然就是如此的神奇无比，一棵树的生长缘于山风，它的死去也因为山风。
这也许就是大自然生生不灭的因果关系。
① ⑾好在我们眼前倒下的这棵大树，它周身长满了上百棵松塔。
或许再过一百年，这悬崖之上会长满密不透风的红松林。
⑿我努力想象着，在松涛之下，那时的湖水还和今天一样，依旧碧波荡漾。