M1U1—3 定语从句 三

语法专练：Module 1, Units 1—3

定语从句三

命制：马红红做题：岁丽审核：王坤、尤磊

I、语法讲解

（一）、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句则失去意义或意

思表达不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句举例：

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人

China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。

2 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，

主句仍能表达完整的意思。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，能引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有which, when, who, whose，一般不用that引导。如：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。

China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

中国是1949年成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。

Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。

3 注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：

Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.

她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）

Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.

她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）

All the books that have pictures in them are well written.

所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）

All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.

所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）

4 先行词不同。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先

行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drove too fast)

He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which 指整个主句)

Mr Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad.她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)

（二）、关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。

2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。

which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”

的含义。如：

As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.

他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。

John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。

注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老

是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。

3.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如：

I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。

He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。

This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。

注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。

She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。II、巩固练习

1. An explosion broke out in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province the other day, and injured many miners, _____ to hospital immediately.

A. most of whom sent

B. most of them are sent

C. most of them were sent

D. most of whom were sent

2. The Chinese government has made the Mid-Autumn festival a legal holiday, _____ people will have a day off.

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. what

3. The railway tunnel, through ______ the train goes, will be completed soon.

A. which

B. that

C. it

D. whom

4. Next month, _____you’ll spend in your hometown, is coming.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

5. Next month, _____ you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

6. It was a meeting, _______ importance I did not realize at the time.

A. which

B. of which

C. its

D. whose

7. We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, _____, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. when

8. The new secretary is responsible and hard-working, ______ her predecessor(前任) was not.

A. what

B. which

C. who

D. whom

9. I have bought two pens, ______ writes well.

A. none of which

B. neither of which

C. none of them

D. neither of them

10. There are two thousand students in our school, _____ are girls.

A. of whom two thirds

B. two thirds of them

C. two thirds in them

D. two thirds in which

11. I have many friends, ______some are businessmen.

A. of them

B. from which

C. who of

D. of whom