“主谓一致”高考考点解读

“主谓一致”高考考点解读

主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要测试点之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法形式上一致的原则，意义上一致的原则，就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。由于汉语没有主谓一致问题，这是一个考生常出错的知识点。分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题，仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。下面本人以历届主谓一致的高考题来解读其主要用法。

[考例1]（2006·江苏）A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

[答案与解析] A. 根据句中时间状语tomorrow afternoon可排除C、D两项。主语为a poet and artist意为“一位诗人兼艺术家”，系指同一个人。故谓语动词用单数.此题主语若改为A poet and an artist时，情况就发生了变化，意义为“一位诗人和一位艺术家”，系指两个人，是复数概念了。故后面的谓语动词就得用复数。

[小结]两个单数名词用and 并列表两个不同概念时，谓语动词用复数，表示同一概念或不可分割的整体时，谓语动词用单数。

[考例2] （2009·陕西）Dr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_____visit Beijing this summer.

A. is going to

B. are going to

C. was going to

D. were going to

[考例3]（2006·辽宁）The father as well as three children skating every Sunday afternoon in winter.

A. is going

B. go

C. goes

D. are going

[答案与解析] 考例2选A，考例3选C. 主语部分是由together with，as well as 并列的两个名词作主语，谓语动词的人称数与前面的主语Dr. Smith ，The father 保持一致，即用第三人称单数形式，由此排队B、D两项，再根据句中的时间状语确定分别用一般将来时和用一般现在时，所以分别选A和C项。句意分别为“史密斯先生和妻子女儿们今年夏季将去北京参观”及“父亲和三个孩子一样，冬天的每个周日下午去滑雪”。

[小结]当主语后面跟有in，out of；with；along with；together with；including；like；besides；except；but；apart from；rather than；in addition to，no less than，no more than，as well as 等后接名词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，即“就远原则”。