大连朗阁雅思培训— 如何布局议论文？浅析雅思议论文的论证方法
论证方法及其雅思作文结构分析
ExemplificationExample: a specific fact, idea, person, or thing that is used to explain or support a general idea, or to show what is typical of a larger group举例相关关联词：For exampleFor instanceTake (Consider)…as an exampleA case in pointsuch asincludingSome people think that animals should be treated as friends. Yet others only consider animals as sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?Sample AnswerThere is a growing tendency nowadays for some people to treat animals as living meat and walking fur. This leads to the cruel slaughter of animals all over the world every year. Yet, in my opinion, instead of killing animals, human beings should treat them as their friends.It is an undeniable fact that animals play a vital role in maintaining the subtle balance of the earth's ecological system. The lack of this essential part will bring about the destruction of the whole world. Therefore, to some extent, killing animals is equal to digging our own graves.For thousands of years, many animals have given loyal service to humans. Pigeons convey messages in wartime, and dogs help to detect crime. Even pigs, which many people think are the most stupid animals, are used in the battle against drugs. There is no doubt that our lives would be far less convenient without a little help from our animal friends.Animals also help humans in a spiritual way. There is nothing better than keeping a cat or a dog if you want your kids to be more independent and responsible. It is also noted that senior citizens live longer if they keep pets after their retirement.To sum up, animals are human beings' friends. Those who regard animals as merely a source of food and clothing should at least bear one thing in mind: Being kind to animals is being kind to ourselves. Therefore, for our own future benefit, please treat animals with love and care.Topic sentence:A growing number of environmental problems are no longer confined to a certain region or country.For example, oil spills can pollute international waters and the loss of the ozone layer may lead to the melting of ice caps and glaciers, which in turn, may raise sea levels worldwide.Topic sentence:The advertisements on TV, newspaper and other kinds of media may confuse consumers and make them rush to purchase products which they don’t really need.Take the cell phone for example. Its functions and practical use are often exaggerated in advertisements. What‟s more, the advertisements even create a fashionable atmosphere for cell phones which appeals to young people to change their phones continuously while ignoring the basic service of cell phones is just to make a phone call.ExplanationIt meansThat is to sayIn other wordsTo put it another wayBy that I meanI believe the traditional family, with both parents providing emotional support and role-models for their children, is the most satisfactory way of bringing up children.Education after birth plays a significant role in one‟s development. Education, which helps children develop their thinking and accumulate their knowledge,is a deciding factor of one‟s success. For example, a high-school level person commonly may not succeed to the extent of a person who has received a university education. This is not only because of the greater breadth of knowledge acquired, but also due to a more critical and focused way of thinking that is imparted and refined during ones senior education.I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives(the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.)Cause and EffectCause:as a result ofdue tothanks toowing tobecauseassinceforResult:as a resultas a consequenceaccordinglyin this waythushencesotherefore妇女不应该当兵，因为她们的体力不如男子。
雅思写作布局篇
布局篇一篇好的议论文，离不开精妙的构思，构思犹如建房子的蓝图，是文章的关键，其好坏很大程度上决定了文章的成败。
曹植七步诗令世人叹为奇才，左思十年写成“三都赋”以致洛阳纸贵，其功夫全在构思上。
拿到作文题目，构思会经历一个由庞杂到单纯，又千头万绪到形成一条明确线索的过程，正如“文镜秘府论”中谈到：“文思之来，苦多纷杂，当机立断，须定一途。
”雅思写作的构思可以从纵横两个方面来考量。
纵为谋形，形乃文章之架构；横为谋势，势乃文章之观点。
有形无势，起不到威慑的作用；有势无形，显示不出文笔的力度。
所以真正的写作，要把构架与观点结合起来，以势而动，那便会无往而不胜了。
我们将Argumentation与report类两类作文分别讲述其写作框架。
Argumentation类：大家应该明确，雅思写作从思路上十分重视我们看待一个事件，现象，问题或观点的辩证性，即任何事件既有好处又有坏处，任何观点既有支持者又有反对者，必要从两个方面以来论述，体现出我们辩证思考问题的能力（critical thinking）。
几乎所有雅思写作中的话题的特征都在于其可辨性，也就是说，大家无论什么时候都应该朝辩证的方向努力。
1 基本框架：2 总框架：开头段引入题目中要求谈论的核心主题，可能的话进行一定的延展——然后可以表明自己的观点（也可不表明）中间一段支持自己的分论点1，再进行延展；支持自己的分论点2，再进行延展。
中间二段提出自己的反方观点或主题的另一个方面，进行一定的说明，然后对其进行有效评价，反驳。
结尾段重申自己的总论点，再加上可能的补充说明。
真题实战：You should spend about 40minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and startuniversity studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.总框架：第一段：引入题目中要求谈论的核心主题，可能的话进行一定的延展，表明总论点：支持一年间隔\好处大于坏处。
大连朗阁雅思培训—雅思写作结构谁最优四段式or五段式
大连朗阁雅思培训—雅思写作结构谁最优:四段式or五段式雅思写作的题目经常重复出现，我们就以《图书馆功能》问题为例，题目为：Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology can replace libraries’ function.To which extent do you agree or disagree?从题型上来讲，这是个非常典型的“同意不同意类”的题目。
在分析这个题目的时候大家应该注意分析其题眼所在。
整个题目是一个因果关系的命题，即“因为电脑科技可以替代公共图书馆的功能，所以花钱维护公共图书馆是一种浪费钱的举动”。
考生需要论证自己同意或者不同这个命题。
在仔细分析后我们不难发现这个命题有两条主线：1. 因果关系是否成立;2. 电脑科技是否能够取代公共图书馆。
一篇好的文章因该将上述两条主线都要提到，这样子才能保证有较高的文章解析程度在分析好题目之后大家就可以开始谋篇布局了。
一般来讲常见的雅思作文段落结构有两种，即我们所常见的“五段式”或者“四段式”。
所谓的“五段式”是指Introduction和Conclusion各写一段，然后文章主体部分用三个理由段落来论证自己观点。
所谓的“四段式”就是指主体段落只用两个理由段落来论证。
两种分段方法都有其优势所在。
“五段式”结构层次感强，作者表态更鲜明有力。
“四段式”更加容易操作，客观分析论题的正反两面所以容易组织思路。
大家应该学会根据题目和自己的习惯来选择。
例如本次考试的文章，下面分别给出其“五段式”和“四段式”的布局结构供大家参考：四段式：第一段引言：描述题目背景，提出观点。
第二段主线一：不否认电脑科技可以替代公共图书馆的一部分功能。
第三段主线二：但是公共图书馆作为社会生活的一部分有其不可替代性。
第四段总结：综上所述，花钱维护公共图书馆不是一种浪费钱的行为。
雅思写作中的观点论证和立场表达
雅思写作中的观点论证和立场表达在雅思写作中，观点论证和立场表达是非常重要的部分。
一个优秀的作文应该能够清晰地陈述观点，并用有效的论证来支持自己的立场。
本文将介绍一些在雅思写作中常用的观点论证方法和立场表达技巧。
首先，观点论证是指对一个观点或者问题进行客观、理性的分析和解释，以说服读者接受自己的观点。
一个好的观点论证应该具备以下几个特点：1.明确立场：在写作的开头部分，必须明确表达自己的观点或者立场。
这可以通过在引言或者开篇段落中直接陈述观点，或者通过问句或者引用名言等方式引出自己的观点。
2.提供理由：在论证自己观点的过程中，必须提供充分、有力的理由来支持自己的观点。
这可以通过列举事实、数据、案例等方式来增加信服力。
3.反驳异议：在论证过程中，可以预测到可能的异议观点，并提前采取措施进行反驳。
这样不仅能够增加立场的坚定性，还能够展示自己的思考深度。
其次，立场表达是指在写作中清晰、准确地表达自己的立场。
为了有效表达立场，可以考虑以下几个要点：1.使用适当的词汇：选择恰当的词汇来描述自己的观点，如“我认为”、“我深信”、“我坚信”等。
这些词汇可以准确地表达个人态度，同时也能增加文章的语言亮点。
2.注意使用语气和调调：根据具体的情况和话题，选择适当的语气和调调来表达自己的观点。
例如，在讨论严肃问题时，可以使用客观、理性的语气；而在描述感受或者评论时，可以使用主观、情感化的语气。
3.使用修辞手法：合理运用修辞手法来增加表达的生动性和说服力。
比如使用比喻、排比、对比等修辞手法，可以使文章更具吸引力和说服力。
最后，为了使文章整体表达流畅，可以考虑以下几个写作技巧：1.逻辑结构清晰：文章应该有清晰的逻辑结构，包括引言、主体段落和结论。
每个段落都应该围绕一个主题展开论述，并和前后段落构建起合理的衔接。
2.句子结构简洁明了：句子的结构应该简洁明了，避免过长或者过复杂的句子。
可以使用短句、并列句等简单结构来增加可读性。
大连朗阁雅思培训— 精妙开头段,雅思大作文轻松上7
大连朗阁雅思培训—精妙开头段，雅思大作文轻松上7大作文开头段往往要包含如下几个关键内容，即，介绍背景，引出有争议的话题，阐述对立观点和陈述作者自己的观点。
无论使用还是不使用模板，这几个关键信息是一定要包含在开头段落当中的，不然云里雾里，只能是适得其反。
首先It is quite common these days...介绍背景，或者用The issue of ... is a complex and sensitive one。
这样的句型来引出有争议话题，然后千篇一律地分别介绍对立双方观点，如Some individuals believe that..., while others hold the view that....最终用Personally, I agree with....至此，内容上完美无瑕，但恐怕考官心中已经大大打下“模板”两个字的烙印，这无疑对于想取得6分及以上的同学最不利的事情。
下面，我们就来说说到底应该如何突破“模板病”。
例如，一道雅思写作高频题目，讨论到底大学应该教授实用性课程(如计算机和商科课程)还是传统课程(如历史和地理)。
我们依然按照开头段应该包含的关键信息开始写作，但是却可以这样轻松突破：These day there is a growing tendency for college students to have difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate.(介绍背景)A large number of people hold the opinion that lack of practical knowledge, among other things, contributes to this situation. In light of this, they contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional ones. (引出有争议的话题，并阐述大多数人的观点)For my part, I am in favour of their viewpoint。
雅思大作文布局谋篇
如何开头开头段四个功能：1 It attracts the reader’s interest, encouraging him or her to continue reading the essay.2 It supplies any background information that the reader may need to understand the essay.3 It presents a thesis statement. This clear, direct statement of the main idea of the paper usually appears near the end of the introductory paragraph.4 It indicates a plan of development. In this “preview”, the major supporting points for the thesis are listed in the order in which they will be presented. In some cases, the thesis and plan of development appear in the same sentence.开头段的方法：1.Start with a broad general statement then narrow down to your thesis. Broad statements ease the reader into your thesis statement by first introducing the topic.Bookstore shelves today are crammed with dozens of different diet books. The American public seems willing to try any sort of diet, especially ones that promise instant, easy results. And authors are more than willing to invent new fad diets to cash in on this craze. Unfortunately, some of these fad diets don’t work or are even unsafe. O ne of the worst fad diets is the “Palm Beach” plan. It is impractical, doesn’t achieve the results it claims, and is a sure route to poor nutrition.2.Start with opposite idea of your thesis. This will surprise your reader and make them interested in your real view.When I decided to return to college at the age or 40, I was not worried about my ability to pass the classes. After all, I was a grown woman who had raised a family, not a young teenager fresh out of high school. But when I started classes I realized that those teenagers were in much better shape for college than I was. They still had all their classroom skills in bright shiny condition while mine had grown rusty. I learned the hard way that in order to compete nowadays, I had to learn how to use the internet for research, how to write a good report and to not be shy when I speak up in class.3.Explain the importance of your topic to the reader. Convince the reader that what you want to say applies to them; they will want to know more about it and keep reading.Diseases like scarlet fever and whooping cough used to kill more young children than any other cause. Today, however, child mortality due to disease has been almost completely eliminated by science. Instead car accidents are the number one killer of our children. And most of the children fatally injured in car accidents were not protected by car seats or seat belts. Several steps must be taken to reduce the serious dangers car accidents pose to our children.e an incident, frame or brief story. Stories are naturally interesting. They grab the reader’s attention right away. Frames reinforce your theme and make your essay smooth.Early Sunday morning the young mother dressed her little girl warmly and gave her a candy bar, a picture book and a toy. Together they drove downtown. There the mother told the girl to wait while she went to the bathroom. But the mother actually drove off, abandoning her daughter because she could not take care of her anymore. This incident is one of thousands that happen all the time. Perhaps the automatic right to become a parent should no longer exist. Would-be parents should be forced to apply for parental licenses for which they would first have to meet three important conditions…5.Ask one or more questions. You may want the reader to think about the topic deeply before you explain the answers later in the essay.What is love? How do we know that we are really in love? When we meet that special person, how can we tell that our feelings are real and not just infatuation? And how long will these special feelings last? Love, as we all know, is difficult to define. But most people agree that true and lasting loves involves more than surface looks. Love involves mutual respect, the desire to give rather than take and the feeling of being fully at ease around that person.e a quotation. Something from a book or movie or someone you know. It adds someone else’s voice to your own, making you more believable.“Fish and visitors begin to smell after three days”said Benjamin Franklin. Last summer, when my sister and her family came to spend their two week vacation with us, I became convinced that Franklin was right. After three days I was completely sick of my brother-in-law’s silly jokes, my sister’s endless compl aints about her boss, and their children’s constant invasions of our privacy.如何结尾论说文的基本步骤The best thesis is told three times.1 Introduction-Tell them what you will tell them2 Main body-Tell them3 Conclusion-Tell them what you just told them.想象一下，如果一件事情，别人跟你说了三次，你还会忘记吗？同样，我们的议论文也要多次确立观点。
雅思写作论证方法
雅思写作论证方法在雅思写作考试中大作文部分要求大家根据题目中所给出的观点，来描述自己的态度以及所持的观点，这就需要我们通过一些论据来论证自己的观点。
下面是小编整理的雅思写作论证方法，欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴。
雅思写作论证方法一、原因：原因论证是写作中常用的论证方法，可以通过写一个现象的原因来承接中心句，一般放在层逻辑衔接中使用比较多。
常用连接词：…because/since/as……due to sth(不放句首)常用句式：1. This is largely/partly due to…,…, which is largely/partly due to… 这主要/部分是由于什么。
2. The main reason for it is …N/that +完整的句子…, the main reason for which is… 主要的原因是什么。
二、结果：结果论证分为两种，种是指好的结果，第二种是指坏的结果，具体由中心句的内容决定。
结果论证在层逻辑和第二层逻辑中都可以使用。
常用连接词：Consequently,As a consequence/result,…therefore… 因此…, so that 一句话，以至于…常用句式：Some students are used to finishing learning tasks all alone, which may result in an unpleasant consequence that theirinterpersonal skills will deteriorate.一些学生习惯于自一人完成学习任务，这可能会导致一个不好的结果，他们的人际交流技能可能会变差。
三、举例：雅思写作中的举例论证用得不像托福写作那么多，可以是personal experience, 但尽量举一些比较客观的例子，并且例子不要太长，一两句话概括即可，适当对例子进行评论。
大连朗阁雅思培训— 雅思写作的overview应该从哪三个方面去入手
大连朗阁雅思培训—雅思写作的overview应该从哪三个方面去入手雅思写作中的小作文除了第一句话复述题目外，接下来要写的就是overview了，也就是对图表的最明显的，有概括性的特征的描述。
Overview的具体位置可以是跟在复述题目的句子之后，作为开头段，也可以单独成段，或者有些范文中将这一概括放在结尾作为conclusion，这些形式都可以。
但是如何找准主要特征呢?下面小编就将老师结合具体的例子总结overview应该怎么写才能拿高分的文章分享给大家，希望对雅思考生能够有所帮助。
首先，overview应该从三个角度展开：1. overall trend整体趋势2. biggest rise/ fall/ change最大变化项目3. comparison对比其次，overview具体内容应该这样写：1. 写1-2个总体的特征2. 不用带具体数值3. 对比和最大值，或整体趋势往往需要结合起来写3. 可以加一些功能性语言：总体看来overall; 最明显的是… It is obvious that…等最后，咱们结合例子来看是如何体现的：1. 找最大值The British were the biggest spenders in all six categories among the nations compared in the bar chart while the lowest spending levels were attributed to the residents of Belgium2. 总体数量比较Overall, there were more male research students than females in 2005.3. 总体趋势比较Overall, the consumption of margarine and butterdecreased over period given while for low fat and reduced spreads, it rose.4. 总体占比对比+总体趋势变化It is clear that Yemen had the younger population in the year 2000, and the same is predicted for the year 2050. The populations of both countries are predicted to get older over the 50 year period.5. 变化性对比As is seen from the given illustration, men were well ahead of women in all the job sectors in Freedonia in 1975. However the scenario changed in the 1995 and women did a remarkable progress in their professions.6. 最大值最小值对比The television was the most popular consumer durable while dishwasher was the least common type of durables the British people had during the years 1972 to 1983.7. 最大值+总量对比Revenue Sources and Expenditures of a USA Charity in one year.Overall, it can be seen that donated food accounted for the majority of the income, while program services accounted for the most expenditure. Total revenue sources just exceeded outgoings.8. 总体趋势+对比+最大值Overall, there was an increase in the number of visits to and from the UK and there were more visits abroad by UK residentsthan visits to the UK by overseas residents over the period given. Furthermore, the most popular country to visit by UK residents was France in 1999.任何雅思写作题目咱们只要从开头提到的三大角度去思考，再根据题目灵活的进行结合就可以即快又准的概括出总体特征和最明显特征。
雅思写作如何论证
在雅思写作考试中，大作文考的是议论文，就是考察考生是否能够在相对较短的时间内搜集论据，具体地论证自己的观点。
另外，雅思写作大作文的话题范围非常广泛，大到政府社会、经济、科技，小到工作、教育等话题都会考到。
这对于长期只接受国内应试教育的考生来说，是有一定的困难，很多时候只看个题目都会觉得无从下笔，因而很多中国考生的论文空洞，缺乏说服力，那么雅思写作应该如何论证呢大作文不是讲道理很多中国考生在应对雅思作文时喜欢通过讲道理来说明问题，但话题中并不是所有题目和内容都可以通过道理来说服他人的，比如关于“anti-ociabehavior”，属于道德范畴的话题，是很难用道理来讲清楚的。
所以，建议考生在备考时需要加强论据论证的能力，使其能够很好地支持自己的观点。
先来看下的一篇关于“anti-ociabehavior"的范文，大家可以借鉴下他的观点提出和地道的表达Ta2题目：Whohoudtaereegamoneicaitemwithomeawareneofteandcoocation; mamoneicaitem;要注意te和coocation的运用等。
一般说来，对于coocation来说比较常见的是nounandverbmaeanaummon的要求，考生一方面需要积累同义替换词，并且时刻记得避免重复单调的表达同时避免使用常用词汇来防止common，比如moreandmore最好使用anincreaingnumberof;ove则可以使用addre或是overcome来代替;choice应该换成aternative;iminourmodernocietithat具体的社会问题andthequetionof由问题引起的后果或争论arie适用开头段第一句话;套用在：表达某种社会问题以及由此引发争论例句：Oneoftheinourmodernocietithateniorcitienaccountforanincre aingargerarie3Inanattemof…,omeoderntechnoogiehaveaoeertedomenegat iveiment,whichcanbedemontratedinthefoowingaect总而言之，不管是哪种评分要求，考生都应该熟悉不同分数档的评分要求，在备考雅思写作时要有针对性。
大连朗阁雅思培训—雅思写作考试技巧汇总+万能句型!
大连朗阁雅思培训—雅思写作考试技巧汇总+万能句型！技巧：1、写作文可以想到几个点,但是进行扩写的时候就觉得很困难，怎么去扩充自己的论据作文观点所需的支持论据，可以从以下几个渠道进行获取：考生自己的经历;身边发生的事情;以及其他的媒体渠道所提供的信息。
然而，对于这三类信息，我们建议考生能够在一篇文章中适当进行组合，而不是仅仅使用某一类论据来进行论证。
对于第一类和第二类论据，即考生自身的经历和身边发生的事情，相对来说比较容易组织;第三类信息的论据，则需要考生在平时的学习中注意积累，不是一朝一夕可以完成的。
换句话说，考生平时应注意增加阅读和扩大知识面的机会，比如多读书看报，当然英文书报为首选，多了解时下发生的事件，这些信息无疑对于写作的论据收集是很有帮助的。
在比较专业的雅思考试培训课程当中，写作老师也会有针对性地去归纳和总结一些论据以供学生使用。
2、句型不能灵活运用,总感觉句子写的很生硬，怎么将句子写得“好”句型的灵活运用，从评分角度来理解，即写作评分的最后一个指标GRA (Grammatical Range & Accuracy). 这一评分内容指得是是否能够灵活地运用不同的句型，深层次的意思理解为是否能够综合运用简单句、复合句和复杂句。
在文章中，这些句子间或出现，会使整篇文章读起来有起伏感和节奏感。
另外，要想写出好的句子，必须先去接触和学习好的句子。
所以考生不应该闷头自己造句，而应该多看native speaker写的语言，来丰富自己的语言资料库，并加以针对性地学习和训练，以达到提高自己句子组织能力的效果。
心态：从雅思考试四部分来看，考生一般认为阅读和听力具备大量的解题技巧，只要将这些解题技巧掌握了，提高就会很快。
而口语也有一系列的应付方法和考场对策。
但是，相对而言，写作却是英语综合能力的体现，考生认为短短几个月的时间内突飞猛进基本不现实，因此对写作抱一种恐慌心态。
于是得过且过,认为只要写作将就就行，自己不如把时间多花在听力和阅读上来帮自己“拉分”。
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大连朗阁雅思培训—如何布局议论文？浅析雅思议论文的论证方法
一直以来，雅思写作考试的大作文主体段的拓展往往是很多考生在写作中突显的最为薄弱的一个环
节，其中论证过程单薄、不充分、没有力量，导致论点站不住脚是主要的原因，从而使得整篇文章留下失
败的一笔。议论文，说到底，最关键的一点就是让读者对你在文章中所体现的立场认同。要做到这一点，
靠的就是论点和论证。论点要合理、明确，且不要重复，要有层次;论证要做到充分，要有强大的力量把
论点支撑起来，让读者心服口服，认同你的想法。作为海外考试来说，考生要做的就是让考官明确地知道
你的想法，并且认同你，最终让他给你一个合理且满意的写作分数。
如何成功地完成主体段落的拓展呢?要勾画出一个充实且具有说服力的论证过程，我们当然要使用
到一些论证手段，结合这些论证方法的使用，协助我们较好地完成相对来说最困难的论证过程。
一、举例论证法
要更为直观地反映问题，举例无疑是最好的选择，也是最具有说服力的。常见的引出实例的方式：
如for example, for instance, as is reported, It is reported that…, 可作为插入语的结构使用在句中。实例
也可以分为几种情况，如下：
1. 应用名人实例，这是大家都知道的事情，容易引起共鸣。如在教育类话题中有一个考点涉及到中
学生要不要学历史，在论证古人的经验和智慧给我们很多借鉴意义时，就可以引用一些名人的例子。
Charles Darwin, for example, taught us that only the fittest can survive, which is more than ever
true in today’s competitive society.
2. 应用某些调查研究结果，常结合具体数据，更能增强真实性说服力。社会类话题老人问题上，要
求分析人口老龄化所带来的影响，其中谈到积极意义时，会提到老人对家庭及社会的贡献。我们可以在两
个地方找到列数据的点，一是老人的年龄，二是在有意义的事情上所花的时间，可以得出论证过程如下：
As is reported, the average time that the retired within the age group above 65 spend on the
family and the community is at its length of about 5 hours per day.
3. 应用生活中具有普遍性的现象或有代表性的亲身经历。在文化这类较为抽象的话题中，有典型地
要求分析文化差异会带来的不同国家人之间的冲突，可以引用这样的现象：
A western woman travelling to the Middle East may find it annoying to have to wear headscarf
during a journey.
要做到恰当合适地使用实例进行论证，要求考生在平时的准备过程中，就要着重对各大话题常见的
考点进行典型实例的收集，最好是比较万能的一些例子，这样就能充分利用举例子的优势，在考试中赢得
高分。
二、解释说明(拓展影响)法
中心论点表达一般比较空泛、笼统，作为论证，首先就要对空泛的意思加以具体地解释，说明原因，
解释过程，阐述影响，这是一种惯用的思维，这里打不开，后面说得再多也可能都是白搭。常结合定语从
句，分词的语法应用。我们来看一个例子：
By travelling abroad, we have the opportunity to experience different customs, cultures and
lifestyles, helping us better understand the whole world.
这个句子是对论点出国旅游有助于我们开拓眼界的论证，采取的就是解释的方式，目的就是协助论
点表达得更透彻。
三、因果推理法
这种方法是基于一个事实的陈述，推出它可能会产生的结果，然后一环扣着一环往下推，直至目标
内容出现，也就是论点的内容呈现了。常结合因果关系的状语从句结构展开论证，要注意推理逻辑连接词
的应用，如as, since, because, therefore, hence, thus, as a consequence, consequently, ……
论证高中生毕业后先去工作再上大学的这种作为会带来的不利影响之一——这种方式容易使高中生
误入歧途，论证过程如下：Since high school students are mentally immature, they are less likely to
resist the temptation in the real world. As a result, they are more prone to some social evils, such as
theft, drug abuse, and so on. So, they may easily go astray and even commit crime.
四、对照对比论证法
拿相同或相反的事物做比较，相同关系叫对照(comparison)，相反关系叫对比(contrast)。此类论证
考生需要重点掌握一些对比对照关系的连词：in contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas,
likewise, similarly, by the same token。
先看个例子，如：论证广告给消费者提供及时信息，帮助他们做决定中论述到：By contrast,
without advertising, a consumer is at the risk of purchasing a product that fails to meet all of his or her
needs, because of lack of knowledge of better alternatives in the market.这就是从反面着手，阐述如果没
有广告，消费者会受到的影响，用反方的劣势达到衬托正方优势的效果。若想使论点具有说服力，可以尝
试寻找对应的参照物相比较，在所选参照物明显的不足面前，本来事物的优点会立刻容易被人信服。
再来分析下对照的例子：They cite that in the sports world, records are always created when a
sportsman is facing tough competitions. They believe that, by the same token, in a classroom where
clever minds meet, students can achieve their best due to peer pressure. 拿体育比赛中的情况作对照，
突出分班教学的必要性。
五、让步论证法
欲擒故纵的高超写法，对考生来说比较陌生，先退一步承认一个与自己观点相反的事实，再转折给
出自己的观点，否定前者。让步这种方法的优点是能较为全面地看待一个问题，而且反驳更能有的放矢。
比如举一个大家特别熟悉的例子，一个男生向女生表白时被拒绝，女生会很委婉地表示，先肯定男生有很
多优点，但最终会表示自己并不喜欢他，他不是她喜欢的类型。这种方式一方面不会伤害到男孩的自尊，
同时也鲜明地表达了自己的想法。在这种论证中，常见句型如下：although / though / in spite of the fact
that…; as is granted / admittedly…; opponents would argue that…
用以下例子加以说明：
1. As is granted, saving money offers people a sense of security in case of emergency. However,
people tend to believe that wise investment can get more profits.
2. Opponents would argue that some of the violence shown on TV is the true portrayal of what is
happening around us and people have the right to know it. Although this is undoubtedly true, it also
means that people who see them a lot may gradually develop a sense of insecurity and mistrust as they
are forced to believe they are living in a dangerous world.
很明显，我们在写作的论证过程中，对以上五种方法可以灵活地加以结合使用，不断地积累相关实
例，不断地练习这些思维，在论证中做到游刃有余，充分的论证无疑是考生的加分点。希望以上的方法能
为各位考生提供一些帮助。