中考英语 总复习知识点4动词及时态

1 知识点4动词及时态 知识概要 动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。① 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，现在进行时，将来时与过去完成时六种时态。② 语态：主动语态与被动语态。③ 助动词和情态动词。④ 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词、过去分词的用法。时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。 1一般现在时：主要有以下三方面，① 用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun ② 表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 9∶３０ ③ 在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you. 2一般过去时：① 主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：I was ill last week ② 过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如：I used to get up at six. 3一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式① 用ｗill (shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on Sepember 1st ② 用be going to+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：I'm going to swim this afternoon ③ be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：I'm coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等表示位置移动的动词。④ 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 4现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作，如：What are you doing now?要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect… 5过去将来时：用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作，如： He told me he would come to my party 6现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时的两个用处是：① 用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，如：I've studied English for two years ② 用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在，如：I haven't had my breakfast. so I'm hungry now 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间，现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在，而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如：I haven't seen my old teacher for a long time 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话，则将变为过去完成时，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn't seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：When I got to school, the class had begun 如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态，或延续性动词，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes

动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：

现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时

一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking

一、考点分析 考点一：时态在状语从句中的考察。（主要是时态的搭配使用） 2

A、“主将从现”原则 [例] ---I’ll plan a visit to Hong Kong if it ____ tomorrow . --- Really ? I think I ________with you . A. don’t rain , go B. won’t rain , go C. isn’t rain , will go D. doesn’t rain , will go B、一般过去时与三种时态的搭配使用： 一般过去时与过去完成时，一般过去时与过去进行时，一般过去时与过去将来时 [例] He was sure that he his wallet in the office . A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left [例] When she _____ at the door, my mother _____ some washing. A. knocked… did B. was knocking… did C. knocked… was doing D. knocks… is doing 考点二：语境中时态的对比使用（主要是时态的区分） A、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 [例] ----______ you ever ________ Tom before ? ---- No, I _____ him just two minutes ago. A. Did, know ; met B. Have, known ; have met C. Have, known; met D. Did, know; had met B、一般现在时与现在进行时的区别 [例] Mr. Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days. A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes C、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 [例] — How did the accident happen? — You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it . A. was…was raining B. was…had rained C. is…is raining D. was…rained 考点三：延续性动词在时态中与时间状语的搭配使用（主要是在完成时中的使用） A、在特殊疑问句中的考查 [例] -- How long ______ you __________England , Sue ? -- Since two years ago. A. have, been to B. have , gone to C. have , been in D. have , moved to B、在句型中的考查 [例] It ______ two years since he _______ the Party. A. is; has joined B. was; joined C. has been; joined D. had been; joined C、在一般过去时与现在完成时之间进行转换中的考查 [例] The meeting has been off for two hours . It _______________________since _______________. The meeting ___________________two hours ago. 3

3、易错点分析 A、when引导的时间状语从句中，时态的对比使用问题 [例] When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy. A. visited… was jumping B. was visiting , jumped C. visited… jumped D. visited , had jumped [例] My father ______________in this school when he was 12 years old . A. study B. was studying C. would study D. studied B、主将从现中，一般将来时的表达方式问题 [例] My sister to see me . She’ll be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came C、回答中动词的重复替代问题 [例] ----______ you ______ the text? ---- Yes, we _____ it two hours ago. A. Did, copy; did B. Have, copied; have copied C. Have, copied; did D. Did, copy; had D、语境的限制问题 [例] ---Hi! Kelly . I didn't see you at the party. ---Oh, I ________ ready for the maths exam. A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got E、时态中的“特殊”对策的原则 [例] The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be F、母语理解干扰的问题 [例] --- I am so sorry , I ____________your number , can you say it again ? --- 89907622 A. had forgotten B. have forgetton C. forgot D. foget 初中英语时态练习100题（九年级适用） 1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them. A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies 3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______. A. cathcs…dances B. catches… dances C. catchs… dancees D. catches… dancee 4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so. A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy 5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly. A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive D. receive 6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays? A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do 7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____. A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does C. Does…has…has D. Does… have…does