期末试卷综合测试卷(word含答案)

期末试卷综合测试卷(word含答案)
期末试卷综合测试卷(word含答案)

期末试卷综合测试卷(word含答案)

一、初一数学上学期期末试卷解答题压轴题精选(难)

1.如图 1,CE 平分∠ACD,AE 平分∠BAC,且∠EAC+∠ACE=90°.

(1)请判断 AB 与 CD 的位置关系,并说明理由;

(2)如图2,若∠E=90°且AB 与CD 的位置关系保持不变,当直角顶点E 移动时,写出∠BAE 与∠ECD 的数量关系,并说明理由;

(3)如图 3,P 为线段 AC 上一定点,点 Q 为直线 CD 上一动点,且 AB 与 CD 的位置关系保持不变,当点 Q 在射线 CD 上运动时(不与点 C 重合),∠PQD,∠APQ 与∠ BAC 有何数量关系?写出结论,并说明理由.

【答案】(1),理由如下:

CE 平分,AE 平分,

(2),理由如下:

如图,延长AE交CD于点F,则

由三角形的外角性质得:

(3),理由如下:

,即

由三角形的外角性质得:

又,即

即.

【解析】【分析】(1)根据角平分线的定义、平行线的判定即可得;(2)根据平行线的性质(两直线平行,内错角相等)、三角形的外角性质即可得;(3)根据平行线的性质(两直线平行,同旁内角互补)、三角形的外角性质、邻补角的定义即可得.

2.结合数轴与绝对值的知识回答下列问题:

(1)探究:

①数轴上表示5和2的两点之间的距离是多少.

②数轴上表示﹣2和﹣6的两点之间的距离是多少.

③数轴上表示﹣4和3的两点之间的距离是多少.

(2)归纳:

一般的,数轴上表示数m和数n的两点之间的距离等于|m﹣n|.

应用:

①如果表示数a和3的两点之间的距离是7,则可记为:|a﹣3|=7,求a的值.

②若数轴上表示数a的点位于﹣4与3之间,求|a+4|+|a﹣3|的值.

③当a取何值时,|a+4|+|a﹣1|+|a﹣3|的值最小,最小值是多少?请说明理由.

(3)拓展:某一直线沿街有2014户居民(相邻两户居民间隔相同):A1, A2, A3,A4, A5,…A2014,某餐饮公司想为这2014户居民提供早餐,决定在路旁建立一个快餐店P,点P选在什么线段上,才能使这2014户居民到点P的距离总和最小.

【答案】(1)解:①数轴上表示5和2的两点之间的距离是3.

②数轴上表示﹣2和﹣6的两点之间的距离是4.

③数轴上表示﹣4和3的两点之间的距离是7.

(2)解:①如果表示数a和3的两点之间的距离是7,则可记为:|a﹣3|=7,a=10或﹣4.

②若数轴上表示数a的点位于﹣4与3之间,

|a+4|+|a﹣3|=a+4+3﹣a=7;

③当a=1时,|a+4|+|a﹣1|+|a﹣3|取最小值,|a+4|+|a﹣1|+|a﹣3|最小=5+0+2=7,

理由是:a=1时,正好是3与﹣4两点间的距离.

(3)解:点P选在A1007A1008这条线段上

【解析】【分析】(1)根据两点间的距离公式:数轴上表示数m和数n的两点之间的距离等于|m﹣n|,分别计算可得出答案。

(2)① 利用绝对值等于7的数是±7,就可得出a-3=±7,解方程即可;② 由已知数轴上表示数a的点位于﹣4与3之间,可得出a+4>0,a-3<0,先去掉绝对值,再合并同类项即可;③ 根据线段上的点到线段两端的距离的和最短,可得出答案。

(3)画出数轴,即可解答此题。

3.如图,数轴上线段AB=4(单位长度),CD=6(单位长度),点A在数轴上表示的数是-16,点C在数轴上表示的数是18.

(1)点B在数轴上表示的数是________,点D在数轴上表示的数是________,线段AD=________;

(2)若线段AB以4个单位长度/秒的速度向右匀速运动,同时线段CD以2个单位长度/秒的速度向左匀速运动,设运动时间为t秒,

①若BC=6(单位长度),求t的值;

②当0<t<5时,设M为AC中点,N为BD中点,求线段MN的长.

【答案】(1)-12;24;40

(2)解:①设运动t秒时,BC=6

当点B在点C的左边时,

由题意得:4t+6+2t=30,

解之:t=4;

当点B在点C的右边时,

由题意得:4t?6+2t=30,

解之:t=6.

综上可知,若BC=6(单位长度),t的值为4或6秒;

②当0

A点表示的数为?16+4t,B点表示的数为?12+4t,

C点表示的数为18?2t,D点表示的数为24?2t,

∵M为AC中点,N为BD中点,

∴点M表示的数为:=1+t,点N表示的数为:

=6+t

∴MN=6+t-(1+t)=5.

【解析】【解答】解:(1)∵AB=4,A在数轴上表示的数是-16,

∴点B在数轴上表示的数为:-16+4=-12

∵点C在数轴上表示的数是18,CD=6,

∴点D在数轴上表示的数为:18+6=24;

∵点A在数轴上表示的数是-16,点D在数轴上表示的数为24,

∴AD=|-16-24|=40

故答案为:-12;24;40

【分析】(1)由线段AB=4,点A在数轴上表示的数是-16,根据两点间的距离公式可得点B在数轴上表示的数;由CD=6,点C在数轴上表示的数是18,根据两点间的距离公式可得点D在数轴上表示的数;根据两点间的距离公式可得AD的长。

(2)①设运动t秒时,BC=6(单位长度),然后分点B在点C的左边和右边两种情况,根据题意列出方程求解即可;②当0

4.如图,O为直线AB上一点,∠BOC=α.

(1)若α=40°,OD平分∠AOC,∠DOE=90°,如图(a)所示,求∠AOE的度数;

(2)若∠AOD= ∠AOC,∠DOE=60°,如图(b)所示,请用α表示∠AOE的度数;

(3)若∠AOD= ∠AOC,∠DOE= (n≥2,且n为正整数),如图(c)所示,请用α和n表示∠AOE的度数(直接写出结果).

【答案】(1)解:∵∠BOC=40°,OD平分∠AOC,

∴∠AOD=∠DOC=70°,

∵∠DOE=90°,则∠AOE=90°﹣70°=20°

(2)解:设∠AOD=x,则∠DOC=2x,∠BOC=180﹣3x=α,

解得:x= ,

∴∠AOE=60﹣x=60﹣ =

(3)解:设∠AOD=x,则∠DOC=(n﹣1)x,∠BOC=180﹣nx=α,

解得:x= ,

∴∠AOE= ﹣ =

【解析】【分析】(1)首先根据平角的定义,由∠AOC=∠AOB-∠BOC算出∠AOC的度

数,再根据角平分线的定义由∠AOD=∠DOC =∠AOC算出∠AOD的度数,最后根据∠AOE=∠DOE-∠AOD即可算出答案;

(2)可以用设未知数的方法表示角的度数之间的关系,更加清晰明了,设∠AOD=x,则∠DOC=2x,∠BOC=180﹣3x=α,解方程表示出x的值,再根据∠AOE=∠DOE-∠AOD即可用a的式子表示出∠AOE;

(3)用设未知数的方法表示角的度数之间的关系,更加清晰明了,设∠AOD=x,则∠DOC=(n﹣1)x,∠BOC=180﹣nx=α,解方程表示出x的值,再根据∠AOE=∠DOE-∠AOD即可用a的式子表示出∠AOE。

5.如图已知直线CB∥OA,∠C=∠OAB=100°,点E、点F在线段BC上,满足∠FOB=∠AOB=α,OE平分∠COF.

(1)用含有α的代数式表示∠COE的度数;

(2)若沿水平方向向右平行移动AB,则∠OBC:∠OFC的值是否发生变化?若变化找出变化规律;若不变,求其比值.

【答案】(1)解:∵CB∥OA,∴∠C+∠AOC=180°.

∵∠C=100°,∴∠AOC=80°.

∴∠EOB=∠EOF+∠FOB= ∠COF+ ∠FOA

= (∠COF+∠FOA)= ∠AOC=40°.

又OE平分∠COF,

∴∠COE=∠FOE=40°﹣α;

(2)解:∠OBC:∠OFC的值不发生改变.

∵BC∥OA,

∴∠FBO=∠AOB,

又∵∠BOF=∠AOB,

∴∠FBO=∠BOF,

∵∠OFC=∠FBO+∠FOB,

∴∠OFC=2∠OBC,

即∠OBC:∠OFC=∠OBC:2∠OBC=1:2= .

【解析】【分析】(1)根据CB∥OA,可得∠C与∠OCA的关系,再根据∠C=∠OAB=100°,根据∠FOB=∠AOB,OE平分∠COF,即可得到∠EOB=∠BOF+∠EOF,及

可求得答案;

(2)根据∠FOB=∠AOB,即可得到∠AOB:∠AOF=1:2,再根据CB∥OA,可得∠AOB=∠OBF,∠AOF=∠OFC,进而得出结论.

6.已知,,OB、OM、ON是内的射线.

(1)如图,若OM平分,ON平分,,则 ________ ;

(2)如图,若OM平分,ON平分,求的度数;

(3)如图,OC是内的射线,若,OM平分,ON平分,当射线OB在内时,求的度数.

【答案】(1)60

(2)解:,,

平分,OM平分,

,,

(3)解:设,则,

平分,ON平分,

,,

【解析】【解答】,,

平分,

故答案为:60;

【分析】(1)由题意和角的构成知∠BOD=∠AOD-∠AOB,再根据角平分线的定义得

∠BON=∠BOD可求解;

(2)由角的构成可求得∠BOD的度数,再根据角平分线的定义得∠BOM=∠AOB,

∠BON=∠BOD,则∠MON=∠BOM+∠BON可求解;

(3)设∠AOB=x,由角的构成得∠BOD=∠AOD-∠AOB=160°-x,由角平分线的定义得∠COM=∠AOC,∠BON=∠BOD,由角的构成得∠MON=∠COM+∠BON-∠BOC可求解. 7.如图1,点O为直线AB上一点,过O点作射线OC,使,将一

直角三角板的直角顶点放在点O处,一边ON在射线OA上,另一边OM在直线AB的下方。

(1)将图1中的三角板绕点O按逆时针方向旋转至图2的位置,使得ON落在射线OB 上,此时三角板旋转的角度为________度;

(2)在(1)旋转过程中,当旋转至图3的位置时,使得OM在∠BOC的内部,ON落在直线AB下方,试探究∠COM与∠BON之间满足什么等量关系,并说明理由.

【答案】(1)180

(2)解:∵∠AOC:∠BOC=1:3,

∴∠BOC=180°× =135°.

∵∠MOC+∠MOB=135°,

∴∠MOB=135°?∠MOC.

∴∠BON=90°?∠MOB=90°?(135°?∠MOC)=∠MOC?45°.

即 .

【解析】【解答】解:(1)OM由初始位置旋转到图2位置时,在一条直线上,所以旋转了180°. 故答案为180;

【分析】(1)根据OM的初始位置和旋转后在图2的位置进行分析;(2)依据已知先计算出∠BOC=135°,则∠MOB=135°-MOC,根据∠BON与∠MOB互补,则可用∠MOC表示出∠BON,从而发现二者之间的等量关系.

8.如图,,,,把绕O点以每秒的速度顺时针方向旋转,同时绕O点以每秒的速度逆时针方向旋转设旋转后的两个角分别记为、,旋转时间为t秒 .

(1)当秒时, ________ ;

(2)若射线与重合时,求t的值;

(3)若射线恰好平分时,求t的值;

(4)在整个旋转过程中,有________秒小于或等于?直接写出结论

【答案】(1)

(2)解:当射线与重合时,得方程

解得

故旋转时间为10秒时,射线与重合.

(3)解:当射线恰好平分时,即、两个角重合部分为

得方程

即 ,

故时间t为秒时,射线恰好平分

(4)

【解析】【解答】解:(1)由题意知,

当时,

故答案为 .

( 4 )当时,分与重合前与与重合后两个时刻,即

① 与重合前,,则

② 与重合后,,则

在旋转过程中,当时,,即

故整个旋转过程中,有秒小于或等于 .

【分析】(1)根据题意可知,代入t的值即可求解;(2)该情况相当于行程问题中的相遇问题,射线与重合时,与旋转的角度之和等于,得方程,解方程即可;③ ,当射线恰好平分时,也就是两个角旋转重合部分为,所以得方程

,解方程即可;(4)求两个临界点的时间差即可,即时的时间t,与重合前,与重合后,两个时间差之内,小于或等于 .

9.直线MN与直线PQ垂直相交于O,点A在直线PQ上运动,点B在直线MN上运动.

(1)如图1,已知AE、BE分别是∠BAO和∠ABO角的平分线,点A、B在运动的过程中,∠AEB的大小是否会发生变化?若发生变化,请说明变化的情况;若不发生变化,试求出∠AEB的大小.

(2)如图2,已知AB不平行CD,AD、BC分别是∠BAP和∠ABM的角平分线,又DE、CE 分别是∠ADC和∠BCD的角平分线,点A、B在运动的过程中,∠CED的大小是否会发生变化?若发生变化,请说明理由;若不发生变化,试求出其值.

(3)如图3,延长BA至G,已知∠BAO、∠OAG的角平分线与∠BOQ的角平分线及延长线相交于E、F,在△AEF中,如果有一个角是另一个角的3倍,试求∠ABO的度数.

【答案】(1)解:∠AEB的大小不变,

∵直线MN与直线PQ垂直相交于O,

∴∠AOB=90°,

∴,

∵AE、BE分别是∠BAO和∠ABO角的平分线,

∴,,

∴ °,

∴∠AEB=135°

(2)解:∠CED的大小不变.

如图2,延长AD、BC交于点F.

∵直线MN与直线PQ垂直相交于O,

∴ °,

∴ °,

∴ °,

∵AD、BC分别是∠BAP和∠ABM的角平分线,

∴,,

∴ °, °,

∴ °,

∴ °,

∵DE、CE分别是∠ADC和∠BCD的角平分线,

∴ °,

∴ °;

(3)解:∵∠BAO与∠BOQ的角平分线相交于E,

∴ , ,

∴,

∵AE、AF分别是∠BAO和∠OAG的角平分线,

∴ °.

在△AEF中,

∵有一个角是另一个角的3倍,故有:

① , °, °;

② , °, °;

③ , °, °;

④ , °, °.

∴∠ABO为60°或45°.

【解析】【分析】(1)根据直线MN与直线PQ垂直相交于O可知∠AOB=90°,再由AE、

BE分别是∠BAO和∠ABO的角平分线得出,,由三角形内角和定理即可得出结论;(2)延长AD、BC交于点F,根据直线MN与直线PQ垂直相交于O可得出∠AOB=90°,进而得出,故

,再由AD、BC分别是∠BAP和∠ABM的角平分线,可知

,,由三角形内角和定理可知∠F=45°,再根据DE、CE 分别是∠ADC和∠BCD的角平分线可知,进而得出结论;

(3))由∠BAO与∠BOQ的角平分线相交于E可知 , ,进而得出∠E的度数,由AE、AF分别是∠BAO和∠OAG的角平分线可知∠EAF=90°,在△AEF中,由一个角是另一个角的3倍分四种情况进行分类讨论.

10.已知AB∥CD,点E为平面内一点,BE⊥CE于E.

(1)如图1,请直接写出∠ABE和∠DCE之间的数量关系;

(2)如图2,过点E作EF⊥CD,垂足为F,求证:∠CEF=∠ABE;

(3)如图3,在(2)的条件下,作EG平分∠CEF,交DF于点G,作ED平分∠BEF,交CD于D,连接BD,若∠DBE+∠ABD=180°,且∠BDE=3∠GEF,求∠BEG的度数.

【答案】(1)解:结论:∠ECD=90°+∠ABE.

理由:如图1中,延长BE交DC的于H.

∵AB∥CH,

∴∠ABE=∠H,

∵BE⊥CE,

∴∠CEH=90°,

∴∠ECD=∠H+∠CEH=90°+∠H,

∴∠ECD=90°+∠ABE.

(2)解:如图2中,作EM∥CD,

∵EM∥CD,CD∥AB,

∴AB∥CD∥EM,

∴∠BEM=∠ABE,∠F+∠FEM=180°,

∵EF⊥CD,

∴∠F=90°,

∴∠FEM=90°,

∴∠CEF与∠CEM互余,

∵BE⊥CE,

∴∠BEC=90°,

∴∠BEM与∠CEM互余,

∴∠CEF=∠BEM,

∴∠CEF=∠ABE

(3)解:如图3中,设∠GEF=α,∠EDF=β.

∴∠BDE=3∠GEF=3α,

∵EG平分∠CEF,

∴∠CEF=2∠FEG=2α,

∴∠ABE=∠CEF=2α,

∵AB∥CD∥EM,

∴∠MED=∠EDF=β,∠KBD=∠BDF=3α+β,∠ABD+∠BDF=180°,

∴∠BED=∠BEM+∠MED=2α+β,

∵ED平分∠BEF,

∴∠BED=∠FED=2α+β,

∴∠DEC=β,

∵∠BEC=90°,

∴2α+2β=90°,

∵∠DBE+∠ABD=180°,∠ABD+∠BDF=180°,

∴∠DBE=∠BDF=∠BDE+∠EDF=3α+β,

∵∠ABK=180°,

∴∠ABE+∠DBE+∠KBD=180°,

即2α+(3α+β)+(3α+β)=180°,

∴6α+(2α+2β)=180°,

∴α=15°,

∴∠BEG=∠BEC+∠CEG=90°+15°=105°

【解析】【分析】(1)延长BE交DC的延长线于H,由AB∥CH,两直线平行内错角相等,得∠ABE=∠H,由BE⊥CE,结合外角的性质得∠ECD等于90°+∠H,于是等量代换求得∠ECD=90°+∠ABE;

(2)作EM∥CD,由平行线的传导性,得AB∥CD∥EM,两直线平行内错角相等,得∠BEM=∠ABE,由同旁内角互补,得∠F+∠FEM=180°,则∠F=90°,∠FEM也等于90°,根据同角的余角相等,∠CEF=∠BEM,所以等量代换,得∠CEF=∠ABE;(3)设∠GEF=α,∠EDF=β ,根据平行线的性质定理和角平分线的定义,结合已知条件把相关角全部用含α和β的代数式表示;由∠BEC=90°和∠ABE+∠B=DBE+∠KBD=180°分别列两个关于α和β的二元一次方程,解出α和β,则可求出∠BEG的度数。

11.如图(1),在△ABC和△EDC中,D为△ABC边AC上一点,CA平分∠BCE,BC=

CD,AC=CE.

(1)求证:△ABC≌△EDC;

(2)如图(2),若∠ACB=60°,连接BE交AC于F,G为边CE上一点,满足CG=CF,连接DG交BE于H.

①求∠DHF的度数;

②若EB平分∠DEC,试说明:BE平分∠ABC.

【答案】(1)证明:∵CA平分∠BCE,

∴∠ACB=∠ACE.

在△ABC和△EDC中.

∵BC=CD,∠ACB=∠ACE,AC=CE.

∴△ABC≌△EDC(SAS).

(2)解:①在△BCF和△DCG中

∵BC=DC, ∠BCD=∠DCE,CF=CG,

∴△BCF≌△DCG(SAS),

∴∠CBF=∠CDG.

∵∠CBF+∠BCF=∠CDG+∠DHF

∴∠BCF=∠DHF=60°.

②∵EB平分∠DEC,

∴∠DEH=∠BEC.

∵∠DHF=60°,

∴∠HDE=60°-∠DEH.

∵∠BCE=60°+60°=120°,

∴∠CBE=180°-120°-∠BEC=60°-∠BEC.

∴∠HDE=∠CBE. ∠A=∠DEG.

∵△ABC≌△EDC, △BCF≌△DCG(已证)

∴∠BFC=∠DGC,

∵∠ABF=∠BFC-∠A, ∠HDE=∠DGC-∠DEG,

∴∠ABF=∠HDE,

∴∠ABF=∠CBE,

∴BE平分∠ABC.

【解析】【分析】(1)由角平分线定义得出∠ACB=∠ACE,由ASA证明△ABC≌△EDC即可.

(2)①由ASA证明△BCF≌△DCG,得出∠CBF=∠CDG;在△BCF,△DHF中,由三角形内角和定理得出∠BCF=∠DHF=60°.

②由全等三角形的性质得出∠A=∠DEG,∠ABF=∠BFC-∠A, ∠HDE=∠DGC-∠DEG,从而得出∠ABF=∠HDE,∠ABF=∠CBE,即BE平分∠ABC.

12.综合题

(1)如图1,若CO⊥AB,垂足为O,OE、OF分别平分∠AOC与∠BOC.求∠EOF的度数;

(2)如图2,若∠AOC=∠BOD=80°,OE、OF分别平分∠AOD与∠BOC.求∠EOF的度数;

(3)若∠AOC=∠BOD=α,将∠BOD绕点O旋转,使得射线OC与射线OD的夹角为β,OE、OF分别平分∠AOD与∠BOC.若α+β≤180°,α>β,则∠EOC=________.(用含α与β的代数式表示)

【答案】(1)解:∵CO⊥AB,

∴∠AOC=∠BOC=90°,

∵OE平分∠AOC,

∴∠EOC= ∠AOC= ×90°=45°,

∵OF平分∠BOC,

∴∠COF= ∠BOC= ×90°=45°,

∠EOF=∠EOC+∠COF=45°+45°=90°;

(2)解:∵OE平分∠AOD,

∴∠EOD= ∠AOD= ×(80+β)=40+ β,

∵OF平分∠BOC,

∴∠COF= ∠BOC= ×(80+β)=40+ β,

∠COE=∠EOD﹣∠COD=40+ β﹣β=40﹣β;

∠EOF=∠COE+∠COF=40﹣β+40+ β=80°;

(3)

【解析】【解答】(3)如图2,∵∠AOC=∠BOD=α,∠COD=β,

∴∠AOD=α+β,

∵OE平分∠AOD,

∴∠DOE= (α+β),

∴∠COE=∠DOE﹣∠COD= ,

如图3,∵∠AOC=∠BOD=α,∠COD=β,

∴∠AOD=α+β,

∵OE平分∠AOD,

∴∠DOE= (α﹣β),

∴∠COE=∠DOE+∠COD= .

综上所述:,

故答案为:.

【分析】(1)根据垂直的定义得到∠AOC=∠BOC=90°,根据角平分线的定义即可得到结论;

(2)根据角平分线的定义得到∠EOD=40+ β,∠COF=40+ β,根据角的和差即可得到结论;

(3)如图2由已知条件得到∠AOD=α+β,根据角平分线的定义得到∠DOE=(α+β),即可得到结论.

13.如图

(1)图中,∠ABC的两边和∠DEF的两边分别互相平行,既AB∥DE,BC∥EF,试说明∠ABC=∠DEF.

(2)一个角的两边分别平行于另一个角的两边,除了图1中相等情形外,是否存在其他不相等情形,探究此情形下两个角的关系(画出图形,写出结论并说明理由).

(3)如果一个角的两边分别垂直于另一个角的两边,则这两个角是什么关系?(画出图形,直接写出结论)

(4)如果一个角的两边和另一个角的两边,其中一边互相平行,另一边互相垂直,则这两个角是什么关系?(画出图形,直接写出结论)

【答案】(1)∵ AB∥DE,∴∠E=∠EOB,∵BC∥EF ,∴∠EOB=∠B,∴∠ABC=∠DEF;

(2)如图,

∵ AB∥DC,∴∠1=∠DMB,∵BE∥FD ,∴∠BMD+∠2=180°,∴∠2+∠1=180°;

(3)此题分两种情况,

如图①∵PE⊥OA,PF⊥OB,∴∠PEO=∠PFO=90°,∴∠P+∠O=360°-∠PEO-∠PFO=180°;

如图② ∵PE⊥OA,PF⊥OB,∴∠PEO=∠PFO=90°,∴∠P=∠O;综上所述:一个角的两边分别垂直于另一个角的两边,则这两个角相等或互补;

(4)如图所示,

①∵AB∥EH,∴∠ABC=∠BDE,∵BC⊥EG,∴∠CFE=90°,∴∠BDE+∠E=90°,∴∠E+∠ABC=90°;②∵BC⊥EG,∴∠CFE=90°,∵AB∥EH∴∠MBC=∠HDB,∵∠HDB=∠E+∠CFE=∠E +90°,∴∠MBC=∠E+90°,即∠MBC-∠E=90°,综上所述,如果一个角的两边和另一个角的两边,其中一边互相平行,另一边互相垂直,则这两个角是和为90°,或差为90°。

【解析】【分析】(1)根据二直线平行内错角相等得出∠E=∠EOB,∠EOB=∠B,故∠ABC=∠DEF;

(2)根据二直线平行内错角相等得出∠1=∠DMB,根据二直线平行,同旁内角互补得出∠BMD+∠2=180°,故∠2+∠1=180°;

(3)①根据垂直的定义得出∠PEO=∠PFO=90°,根据四边形的内角和得出∠P+∠O=360°-∠PEO-∠PFO=180°;②根据垂直的定义得出,∠PEO=∠PFO=90°,根据等角的余角相等得出∠P=∠O,综上所述:一个角的两边分别垂直于另一个角的两边,则这两个角相等或互补;

(4)①根据二直线平行,内错角相等得出∠ABC=∠BDE,根据垂直的定义得出∠CFE=90°,根据直角三角形的两锐角互余得出∠BDE+∠E=90°,故∠E+∠ABC=90°;②根据垂直的定义得出∠CFE=90°,根据二直线平行,内错角相等得出∠MBC=∠HDB,根据三角形外角定理得出∠HDB=∠E+∠CFE=∠E+90°,故∠MBC=∠E+90°,即∠MBC-∠E=90°,综上所述,如果一个角的两边和另一个角的两边,其中一边互相平行,另一边互相垂直,则这两个角是和为90°,或差为90°。

14.如图1,已知直线CD∥EF,点A、B分别在直线CD与EF上.P为两平行线间一点.

(1)若∠DAP=40°,∠FBP=70°,则∠APB=________.

(2)猜想∠DAP,∠FBP,∠APB之间有什么关系?并说明理由.

(3)利用(2)的结论解答:

①如图2,AP1、BP1分别平分∠DAP、∠FBP,请你写出∠P与∠P1的数量关系,并说明理由.

②如图3,AP2、BP2分别平分∠CAP、∠EBP,若∠APB=β,求∠AP2B(用含β的代数式表示).

【答案】(1)

(2)由(1)可知

∠DAP,∠FBP,∠APB之间的关系为: .

(3)解:①∠P=2∠P1;

由(2)得:,

即∠P=2∠P1;

②由(2)得∠APB=∠DAP+∠FBP,∠AP2B=∠CAP2+∠EBP2,

∵AP2、BP2分别平分∠CAP、∠EBP,

【解析】【解答】(1)证明:过P作PM∥CD,

∴∠APM=∠DAP.(两直线平行,内错角相等),

∵CD∥EF(已知),

∴PM∥CD(平行于同一条直线的两条直线互相平行),

∴∠MPB=∠FBP.(两直线平行,内错角相等),

∴∠APM+∠MPB=∠DAP+∠FBP.(等式性质),

【分析】(1)过P作PM∥CD,根据两直线平行,内错角相等得出∠APM=∠DAP,根据平行于同一条直线的两条直线互相平行得出PM∥CD,根据两直线平行,内错角相等得出∠MPB=∠FBP,根据角的和差及等量代换即可得出

(2)由(1)可知∠DAP,∠FBP,∠APB之间的关系为: .(3)①∠P=2∠P1;根据(2)的结论,得,由角平分线的定义及等量代换得,

②由(2)得∠APB=∠DAP+∠FBP,∠AP2B=∠CAP2+∠EBP2,根据角平分线的定义及角的

和差,等量代换即可得出结论:∴=180°-.

15.如图,直线和直线互相垂直,垂足为,直线于点B,E是线段AB上一定点,D为线段OB上的一动点(点D不与点O、B重合),直

于点,连接AC.

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