现在分词用法讲解
一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
二、现在分词的基本用法
1. 作表语：表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。
2. 作定语：
(1). 表示主动的、进行的状态：The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. （比较：The factory being built now is a big one.）
(2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征：This is an interesting story.
(3). 相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
(4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语：This is an English-speaking country.
3. 作状语：表示主动的、进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是，需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.)
(1). 原因状语：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
(2). 时间状语：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
(3). 条件状语：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
(4). 让步状语：Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone.
(5). 结果状语：He died, leaving nothing but debts.
(6). 伴随状语：He sat by the desk, begging.
注意：The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点：①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语：Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly.
4. 作宾补：表示主动的、进行的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
三、现在分词的两个基本特点
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行：a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun)
2. 在语态上表示主动：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级)
四、独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. （原因）Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. （条件）
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. （伴随）
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. （结果）
The meeting over, they all went home. （时间）
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. （结果）
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （伴随）
Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. （目的）
1. There was a terrible noise __ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
2. The minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, __ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
3. European football is played in more than 80 countries, __ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
4. __ from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
C. Saw
D. To be seeing
5. Soon they could see the steam __ from the wet clothes.
A. rise
B. rising
C. risen
D. be rising
6. The missing boys were last seen __ near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D. to play
7. With his lips still __, he couldn't say a word.
A. trembling
B. tremble
C. to tremble
D. to be trembling
8. “Mama!” he cried suddenly, tears down his cheeks.
A. roll
B. rolling
C. to roll
D. rolled
9. Weather , we'll go to the Great wall.
A. to permit
B. being permit
C. permitting
D. permitted
10. The old farmer came out of the burning house, for help.
A. calling
B. called
C. to be called
D. call
11. I smell something in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning
B. burnt
C. being burnt
D. to be burnt
12. The brave man died, his young wife nothing but a __ cottage.
A. left; breaking
B. leaving; broken
C. left; broken
D. to leave; breaking
13. __ hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.
A. Having been worked
B. Having not worked
C. Having never worked
D. Never have worked
14. __ the exam, the boy was punished by his father.
A. No passing
B. Having passed
C. Having not passing
D. Not having passed
15. Time __ , I can have done it better.
A. permit
B. be permitted
C. permitting
D. to permit
16. __, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
A. Since the key has lost
B. The key been lost
C. Lost the key
D. Having lost the key
17. __ into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.
A. Being translated
B. Having translated
C. To be translated
D. Having been translated
18. __ for the terrible accident, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.
A. Having blamed
B. To blame
C. Being to be blamed
D. Being to blame
19.__ from heart trouble for years, Mr Li has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. To suffer
C. Having suffered
D. Being suffered
20. __ from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.
A. Judging
B. Judged
C. To judge
D. Judge
1-5BCAAB 6-10AABCA 11-15ABCDC 16-20DDDCA
现在分词的用法详解
现在分词的用法详解 现在分词（Present Participle）（又称?ing形式、现在进行式），是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 一?构成形式 doing （特殊的略）现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作 二. 时态与语态 一般式doing —般被动式being done完成式having done完成被动式having been done 所有否定式都是在一ing前面加not包括独立主格形式 三. 可作成分 定语状语补语表语 1.作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前 分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一 e.g. a running boy the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句 e.g. a boy who is running a girl who is standing there 注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语 注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点 注意3：某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性eg. an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化（原级比较级最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰 我们一般不说： The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说： The girl who has won the race is my deskmate. done用作后置定语，表示被动，同时表示过去的时间，这种结构屮一般都用及物动词。 the castle built in the 17th century ==the castle which was built in the ??? the soldiers died in the war... The soldier who died in the war
英语现在分词用法
现在分词用法浅析 【提问】请问下面这个句子中的动词+ing形式就是动名词不？ Must be able to exist without sleep for up to six days while completing other duties、(Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 23) 答:我们讨论过动名词的功能以及用法,动名词与现在分词有着相同的形式,但就是在功能与用法上存在很大的区别,两者在句中充当不同的成分,起着各自不同的作用。 现在分词在句中通常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语与状语,所起的作用相当于形容词或副词。 一、现在分词的形式 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、站在那里的学生来自三班。 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、那位编辑现在正在翻译的英文小说将在10月份完成。 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、结束了所有的工作后,她们好好地休息了一下。 Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far、由于童年时相貌被嘲笑,男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感。 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before、不认真读书,她就不会发现许多以前从来不知道的东西。 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、没被公众所关注,年轻的作家感到有点遗憾。
现在分词的用法详解
现在分词的用法详解 现在分词〔Present Participle〕(又称-ing形式、现在进展式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分〔定语，表语，补语和状语〕，并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 一.构成形式 doing 〔特殊的略〕现在分词表示主动的或进展的动作 二.时态与语态 一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done 所有否认式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式 三.可作成分 定语状语补语表语 1.作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前 分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一 e.g. a running boy
the girl standing there 并且一般都可以转化为一个进展时的定语从句 e.g. a boy who is running a girl who is standing there 注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语 注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点 注意3：某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性eg.an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化〔原级比拟级最高级〕和被某些副词如very修饰 我们一般不说： The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说： The girl who has won the race is my deskmate. done用作后置定语，表示被动，同时表示过去的时间, 这种构造中一般都用及物动词。 the castle built in the 17th century == the castle which was built in the … the soldiers died in the war...
现在分词的用法
现在分词的用法 现在分词是一种非限定性动词形式，它由动词的基本形式加上 -ing 构成。现在分词具有多种用法，这里将对其中一些重要的用法进行介绍。 1. 当作形容词使用 现在分词可以作为形容词使用，形容词的主要作用是描述名词或代词的属性、性质等。由于现在分词本身有动态的意味，所以它作为形容词使用时通常 与被修饰的名词或代词之间具有主动关系。 例如： - a burning candle（燃烧的蜡烛） - an interesting book（有趣的书） - the running dog（奔跑的狗） 2. 表示进行中的动作或状态 现在分词还可以表示正在进行中的动作或状态。当现在分词被用作谓语时，它可以表示动作或状态的持续性和继续性。 例如：
- He is reading a book.（他正在看书。） - The children are playing in the park.（孩子们正在公园里玩。） - They are discussing the problem.（他们正在讨论这个问题。） 3. 作为动词的宾语补足语 现在分词也可以作为动词的宾语补足语，用于表示被动意义或完成意义，同时也可以表示动作的结果或状态。 例如： - I heard her singing in the room.（我听见她在房间里唱歌。） - She felt her heart beating faster.（她感觉到心跳加快。） - I found the door locked.（我发现门是锁着的。） 4. 作为独立主格所构成的复合句 现在分词还可以作为独立主格所构成的复合句。这种结构表达的是两个动作同时发生，并且第一个动作是第二个动作的原因或条件。 例如： - The boy sat down, crying.（男孩一边哭，一边坐下。）
现在分词的用法
Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried. 2)现在分词的语态： 现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。反之，用被动。 … 如：Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. I knew the man sitting under the tree.(the man是sitting的逻辑主语，而且是分词动作的执行者，故分词用主动。) I found the car being washed. 3)现在分词的逻辑主语： A)! B)如果分词在句子作定语，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。 如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 a running boy=a boy who is running B)如果分词在句子作表语，其逻辑主语通常就是句中的主语。 如：The story was interesting. ) The match is exciting. C)如果分词在句子作宾语补语，其逻辑主语就是句中的宾语。 如：He kept the boy singing. I found his playing on the playground. D)如果分词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 - 如：Walking on the road, he was whistling. 他一边走路，一边吹着口哨。 Not knowing what to do. His uncle died,leaving him a lot of money. / 注意：分词作状语时，有时其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。此时，分词需要自带逻辑主语。其形式为“名词/代词+现在分词”，构成独立分词结构。也可在名词前加上介词with或without。如：(With)his wife cooking in the kitchen, he was reading in the living room. E)有一类分词短语，没有自带的逻辑主语，句中也没有它的逻辑主语。通常是表示说话人的态度或看法的。即现在分词作“评注性状语”。 Generally speaking, he is a good student. 、 常常这样用的分词短语有：
现在分词的用法详解
现在分词的用法详解 一、现在分词的基本概念 现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，用来表示正在进行或同时发生的动作。它 以-ing结尾，可以在句子中充当主语、定语、状语和表语等，具有一定的时态特征。 二、作主语 现在分词作主语时，常用来表示习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。 例1：Running is good for your health.（跑步对身体有益） 例2：Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动） 三、作定语 现在分词可以修饰名词或代词，起到形容词作用。它通常位于被修饰名词之前。 例3：The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.（哭闹的婴儿吵醒了整个社区） 例4：She handed me a written report.（她递给我一份书面报告） 四、作状语 现在分词作状语时，可以说明动作发生的时间、原因、方式等。 4.1 表示时间： 例5：While waiting for the bus, he read a book.（他边等车边读书） 例6：Listening to music, I fell asleep quickly.（听音乐时，我很快入睡了） 4.2 表示原因：
例7：Being tired, she decided to take a break.（她觉得累了，决定休息一会儿）例8：Not having enough money, he couldn't afford the new phone.（因为没有足 够的钱，他买不起新手机） 4.3 表示方式： 例9：He won the race by running fast.（他通过跑得快赢得了比赛） 例10：She improved her English by studying hard.（她通过努力学习改善了自己 的英语） 五、作表语 现在分词可以充当表语，与系动词连用，说明主语的状态或特征。 例11：My favorite hobby is painting.（我最喜欢的爱好是绘画） 例12：Her greatest talent is singing.（她最大的天赋是唱歌） 六、注意事项 6.1 现在分词和现在进行时的区别： 现在分词表示一种客观事实，常用于陈述句；而现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，常用于进行时态。 6.2 注意不规则变化： 有些动词形式不遵循一般加-ing后缀的规则。例如，go → going、do → doing，等等。 6.3 避免混淆使用： 现在分词和过去分词形式相似，在使用过程中要注意区分。现在分词表示主动，过去分词则表示被动。
最新现在分词用法总结
现在分词 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有： A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home
现在分词的用法
初中英语语法·非谓语动词 现在分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 现在分词是由动词+ing构成的。 现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰，现在分词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。 2. 现在分词的语法作用； 现在分词在句中可以作表语、定语、补足语和状语。 一、作表语： 现在分词作表语，一般表主动或主语的性质和特征，主语多数情况下是物，一般跟在联系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等词后， His speech is exciting.他的演讲令人兴奋。 This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。 而作表语用的现在分词，已经完全变成了形容词，常见的现在分词如下： moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing, missing, promising等，这些词可以放在系动词后做表语。 二、作定语： 现在分词做定语，表示中心词是该动词的动作发出者，此时的现在分词充当形容词的作用，用来修饰中心词。单个分词作定语时放在中心词前面，分词短语作定语时放在中心词后面。 We see the rising sun every morning. 每天早晨我们都可以看到东升的旭日。 China is a developing country. 中国是个发展中国家。 the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。 Unknown flying object. 不明飞行物。 Please wake up that sleeping boy. 请叫醒那个睡觉的小孩。
现在分词的用法
现在分词的用法 现在分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 现在分词是由动词+ing构成的。 现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰，现在分 词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。 2. 现在分词的语法作用； 现在分词在句中可以作主语、表语、定语、补足语和状语。 一.作主语 1. 通常被看作是单数不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Driving fast is very dangerous. Swimming is my favourite sport. Painting is an art. Hearing the bad news made him cry. 2. 现在分词作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，而把现在分词放到句末。 It is no good/use talking with him It's no good smoking. You should give it up. It is no good crying over split milk. It作形式主语，现在分词作真正主语时的常用句型： It +be+ a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间 It +be+ fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣 It +be+ no good/no use/useless doing sth. 做某事没有用 It +be+ expensive doing sth. 做某事很昂贵 It +be+ dangerous doing sth. 做某事很危险 It +be+ a pleasure doing sth. 做某事是一件愉快的事 eg. It's no use complaining. It's no good smoking a lot. It's a waste of time doing such a thing. 3. There +be+ no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理 There +be+ no point (in) doing sth.做某事毫无意 There +be+no use in doing sth.做某事没有用 Nothing worse than doing sth.没有比...更糟糕的 eg. There is no point (in) doing so.这 么做，毫无意义。 4. 前后平行 Teaching is learning. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 二、作表语：
现在分词用法归纳
v-ing用法（一） --------作主语和宾语 v.-ing形式若用作主语或者宾语时，也称为动名词。 1．v.-ing形式有时态和语态的变化，结构如下表： E.g. She regretted having wasted so much time. 她后悔浪费了 这么多的时间。 He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child. 2．v.-ing形式的复合结构 （1）物主代词或名词所有格与v.-ing形式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 ①形容词性物主代词+doing ②名词’s+doing ③代词宾格+doing ④名词+doing E.g. Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry. 玛丽 上课迟到使的她的老师很生气。 （2）v.-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式；作宾语时，①②③④四种形式都可以。 E.g. Do you mind me coming late for the film? 你介意我看电影 来迟了吗？ 3. v.-ing作主语
（1）v.-ing直接放在句首作主语，句子谓语动词用单数。 Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 集邮是很好的爱好。（2）v.-ing在“it is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ no pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it 作形式主语。 E.g. It is no use complaining; he can’t understand you. （3）v.-ing在“it is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。 E.g. It is useless speaking. （4）v.-ing 形式短语用作主语时，常常由形容词性的物主代词或者名词所有格构成。 E.g. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 （5）v.-ing形式和to do不定式作主语的区别：一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多使用v.-ing形式；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。 E.g. To do such sort of thing is foolish. 做这种事真傻。 Smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康。 4. v.-ing 作宾语 （1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的动词有：escape 逃避；enjoy 喜欢；admit 承认；practise 练习；appreciate 欣赏；finish 完成；prevent 防止；avoid 避免；forbid 禁止；consider 考虑；forgive 宽恕；imagine 想象；risk 冒险；dislike讨厌；
现在分词的七种用法
现在分词的七种用法 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。 Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。The story is moving. （三）现分在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) （四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。 While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。He sat by the roadside, begging. （五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. （六）现在分词的被动式 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式The factory being built now is a big one. （七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。 Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. 过去分词的用法 一．1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成. (1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. (2) He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. (3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 过去分词作表语 【注意】过分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
现在分词的七种用法
现在分词的七种用法
现在分词的七种用法 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如： This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：
The story is moving. （三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如： We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) （四）作状语 现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如： Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如： While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：