现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法
1 分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等.分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主
语一致.作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句.
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.
分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词.
Notshavingenough hands, we turned to them for help.
Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better.
Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation.
____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. <96,6>
A>Havingbelieved B> Believing C> Believed D> Being believed
意为：相信地球是平的,许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去.许多人与相信之间是主谓关系,及分词与主语之间为主谓关系,因此,应用现在分词.
No matter how frequently__, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. <95,6>
A> performing B> performed C> to be performed D> being performed
句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演,可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词.
____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. <96,1>
A> Being published B> Published C> PublishingD> To be published
句中as 引导的是让步状语从句,意为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版,还是引起了关注,可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词.
2"while
现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if 等连词.
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.
Once recovered, he threw himselfintohis work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3 分词作定语
分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面.现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词<即与名词有主谓关系>,过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词<即与名词是动宾关系>.
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more. <98,1>
A>having B> to have C> to have had D>havinghad
Town后面由分词做定语,而且town本身有50或以上人家,故town与分词间为主谓关系,应该用现在分词.
4 分词作宾语补足语
4.1 现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to
等短语动词,以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分.
On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys i n the village.
The little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
We should not leave him wondering what he should do.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
I caught him dozing off in class.
4.2 过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like,
make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语. After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.You should keep her info rmed of what is going on here.The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
4.2 在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice,perceive,observe, listen to, look at 后既可用现在分词做补语,也可
用不定式做补语.用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成.
I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
I saw Mr. White lookingintoa shop window.
——Do you hear someone knocking at the door?——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
5 分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用.现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感
受或状态,主语多为人.
The film"Pearl Harbor"is really exciting. I am excited about it.
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.
Exercises for the Present participle and the Past participle
1, After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, wit h girls as well boys____ to go to school. <97,1>
A> to be encouraged B> been encouraged C> being encouraged D> be encouraged
2, ____,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. <97,6>
A> Other things being equal B> Were other things equalC> To be equal to other things D> Other things to be equal
3, All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off. <98,6>
A> considered B> be considered C> considering D>havingconsidered
4, The house was very quiet, ____as it was on the side of a mountain. <99,6>
A> isolated B> isolating C> being isolated D>havingbeen isolated
5, This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, ____both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. <99,6>
A> being B> been C> to be D>having been
6, Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ____ in Cuba.
<00,1>
A> being cultivated B> been cultivated C>havingcultivated D> cultivating
7, ____in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. <00,1>
A> To look B> Looking at C> Looked at D> To be looked at
8, You will see this product ____ wherever you go. <00,6>
A> to be advertised B> advertised C> advertise D> advertising
9, ____in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.
<00,12>
A> To be judged the best B>havingjudged the bestC> Judged the best D> Judging the best
10, From the dates ____ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dyn asty.
A> marking B>havingbeen marked C> marked D> to be marked
11, She stood by the window, ____.A> thinking B> think C> thought D> thinks
12, ____ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.
A> Not wishing B> Wishing C> Not wished D> No wishing
13, The editorial ____ now will appear in tomorrow's newspaper.
A> writing B> to write C> being written D> write
14, It ____ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room.
A> is B> being C> turned D> got
15, ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A> When compared B> While comparing C> Compare D> Comparing
16, The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand ____ a stick for support.
A> held B> holding C> being holding D> was holding
17, ____ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting.
A>havingdefeated B> To have defeatedC>havingbeen defeated D> To have been defeated
18, ____neglecting our education, my father sent me to school.
A> Accused of B> Accusing of C> To be accused of D> That he was accused of
19, ___ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.
A> He is remembered B> While being rememberedC> To be remembered D> Though remembered
20, ____ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job.
A> Given B> Because C> Giving D> As
21, ___ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.
A, If walking B> While walking C> Walking D> When one is walking
22, I understood you were third-year students ____ in English.
A> who majors B> who major isC> have majored D> majoring
23,A cool rain was falling, ___ with snow. A> mixed B> mixing C> to mix D>havingmixed
24, ____ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.
A> Surrounded B> SurroundingC>havingsurrounded D> To be surrounded
25,____ equal educational opportunities, American Indians in the reservations remained backward and illiterate for a long time.
A> Deprived off B> Depriving offC> Deprived of D> Depriving of
26, All the exam papers ____, the teacher sent the class home.
A>havingbeen handed in B>havinghands in C> handing in D> being handed in
27, ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A> Founding B> It was founded C> Being founded D> Founded
28, There ____ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live. A> be B> was C> were D> being
29, ___ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.
A>havinglived B> Lived C> Living D> To live
30, Any packet ____ properly will not be accepted by the post office.
A> not to be wrapped B> not being wrapped C> not wrapped D> nothavingbeen wrapped
31, The lab ____ next year will be more advanced than the old one.
A> built B> to be built C> being built D> to build
32, Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ____ to the outside world.
A> being lost B> losing C>havinglost D> lost
33, He was sitting in the chair, ____ a book.A> read B> was reading C> reading D> with reading
34, Such ____ the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints.
A> is B> was C> be D> being
35, Peter is a good student, ____ his best subject.
A> as English B> English as C> being English D> English being
Keys：1-5 CAAAA 6-10 ACBCC 11-15 AACBA 16-20 BCADA 21-25 DDAAC 26-30 ADDAC 31-35 BDCDD
现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法一．现在分词和过去分词的构成 done
现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,常用作状语,表时间和原因。注意现在分词的完成式不能充当定语。 Having noted down our names and addresses , the policeman dismissed us. 表时间,相当于After the policeman noted down our names and addresses , he dismissed us. I was unable to accept your invitation, having promised to accompany my mother to the concert. 表原因，相当于Because I had promised to accompany my mother to the concert , I was unable to accept your invitation. Having suffered from heart trouble for many years, Mr. Li has to take medicine wherever he goes . 表原因，注意分词结构带有的时间状语for many years, 时间状语提示分词该采用完成式。 四．现在分词的的被动式 现在分词的一般式和完成式都有被动形式。 The house being built is a big project. 现在分词一般式的被动式，用作定语，表“正在被…” Being surrounded , the enemy troops were forced to surrender. 现在分词一般式的被动式，表原因。 Did you see the boy being questioned by the police? Having been told many times, he made the same mistake again and again. 现在分词完成式的被动，表示让步。
现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法
现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法 今天我们要学习的语法是：现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法。 我们先看看现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 表示伴随 1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 Eg. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 Eg. Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands) Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization. ____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。
现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法 1、否定形式（前面加not） Not given a chance, he felt disappointed. Not knowing what to do, he turned to me for help. 2、不及物动词、连系动词常用现在分词做定语、状语等；及物动词常用过去分词。 There are many events happening in the world everyday. provide help for the people going hungry. the remaining books 3、现在分词表动作的主动或正在发生；过去分词表动作的被动或已经完成。the falling/ fallen leaves the boiling/ boiled water the rising/ risen sun the developed/ developing countries a polluted river a sleeping boy 4、分词不具有名词特征，不可做主语或宾语。（定语、表语、状语、宾补/主补）Participating in various social activities is beneficial to our future. (动名词) Praised in public made him shy. (错) Being praised in public made him shy. 一、做定语/表语 1、和定语从句的转换 The student who is sleeping has suffered a high fever. The sleeping student has suffered a high fever. Those who have drunk the water which is polluted may get poisoned. Those who have drunk the polluted water may get poisoned. 2、单个分词做定语常置于名词之前；分词短语常置于名词之后。 Do you know the man seated/ sitting next to the professor? The man looking at the map has got lost. The building completed ahead of time has caught many people’s attention. 比较：The building being built has caught many people’s attention. The building to be built next year is well designed. 3、现在分词和动名词做定语时的区别 a reading room (动名词) a swimming pool（动名词） a crying baby（现在分词） a washing machine（动名词） 4、使役动词的分词形式做定语或表语时，常遵循人V-ed,物V-ing的原则，但修饰反映人心理活动或某种情绪的词时，用V-ed形式. encouraging words an embarrassing atmosphere feel embarrassed be shocked excited tears a surprised/ determined/ frightened look After hearing my encouraging words, a determined look appeared on his face. 5、修饰令他人有某种情绪的词时，无论人还是物均用V-ing. The disappointing student has disappointed his parents a second time. 6、有些分词已经形容词化了 a demanding jo b a promising teacher an interesting book 三、做状语（时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果状语）
现在分词与过去分词的用法区别
现在分词与过去分词的用法区别 一、分词的作用 1、现在分词可用于： ①构成进行时：eg：We are studying English. ②当副词作状语：eg：The students came,talking and laughing. ③当形容词作定语，宾语和表语：eg：Falling leaves danced in the air. I saw many birds flying along the river. This story is very moving. 2、过去分词的作用： ①构成完成时：eg：The play had begun when we arrived there. ②构成被动语态：eg：English is widely spoken in the world. ③当副词作状语：eg：Seen here,the city looks more beautiful. ④当形容词作定语，宾语和表语：eg：a boy named tom I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. I am interested in English. 二、差别 1、在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动
2、在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成 三、分词做表语 共同点：分词做表语时，起着形容词的作用 不同点：分词做表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系；相反，过去分词表被动。 Eg:He looked tired with cooking. He remained standing beside the table.
过去分词和现在分词的用法
过去分词和现在分词的用法 1. 什么是过去分词和现在分词？ 过去分词和现在分词是英语中的两种非谓语动词形式，它们分别以-ing和-ed结尾。过去分词和现在分词在句子中可以起到多种用途，包括作为形容词、动词、副词和名词的补语等。 2. 过去分词的用法 2.1 作为形容词 过去分词可以用来描述过去发生的动作或状态，并修饰名词。 例如： - The broken window needs to be fixed.（被打破的窗户需要修理。） - She was excited to receive a handwritten letter.（她收到一封亲笔信感到很兴奋。） 2.2 作为动词 过去分词可以和助动词have、has、had结合，构成完成时态的谓语动词。 例如： - I have finished my homework.（我完成了我的作业。） - They had already eaten before I arrived.（当我到达时，他们已经吃饭了。） 2.3 作为副词 过去分词可以修饰一个动作的方式或者程度，并回答“怎么样？”“多么？”等问题。 例如： - He ran excitedly towards the finish line.（他兴奋地跑向终点线。）- The movie was surprisingly interesting.（这部电影出人意料地有趣。） 2.4 作为名词的补语 过去分词可以用来补充或者说明名词所表示的主语。
例如： - I am a teacher by profession.（我是一个职业教师。） - She felt embarrassed by his behavior.（她因他的行为感到尴尬。） 3. 现在分词的用法 3.1 作为形容词 现在分词可以用来描述正在进行的动作或状态，并修饰名词。 例如： - The running water is so refreshing.（流动的水非常清爽。） - The crying baby needs to be comforted.（那个哭泣的宝宝需要安慰。） 3.2 作为动词 现在分词可以作为动词的补语，表示主语正在进行的动作。 例如： - She sat at the table, reading a book.（她坐在桌子旁读书。） - They stood by the road, waving goodbye.（他们站在路边挥手告别。） 3.3 作为副词 现在分词可以修饰一个动作的方式或者程度，并回答“怎么样？”“多么？”等问题。 例如： - She is singing beautifully.（她唱得很美。） - The car drove past quickly.（汽车飞快地驶过。） 3.4 作为现在分词短语 现在分词可以和连词while或when等连用，表示两个动作同时发生。 例如： - While studying for the exam, he listened to music.（在备考期间，他听音乐。） - When cooking dinner, she listened to a podcast.（做晚饭的时候，她听了一个播客。） 4. 过去分词与现在分词的区别 过去分词和现在分词在形式上非常相似，但在用法和意义上有一些区别。
现在分词与过去分词的用法
现在分词的七种用法 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句 差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如： This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如： The story is moving. （三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如： We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) （四）作状语
过去分词和现在分词语法总结
分词也是非谓语动词之一 分词在形式上不同于不定式和动名词，它有两种形式； ①现在分词：动词原形＋ing（同动名词形式） ②过去分词：（规则动词）动词原形＋ed （不规则动词）构成没有什么规律 分词也和不定式和动名词一样，在句子中不能作谓语但它还保留一部分动词性质，它可以带自已的状语和宾语，有时也有它自己单独的逻辑上的主语 例：（1）He saw the thief stealing the books from the book shop.（带状语）他看见这个贼正在书店偷书。 （2）Hearing the news he jumped.（带宾语）听到这个消息，他跳了起来。 ( 3 ) Li Ming being late, we had to wait.（带逻辑主语）李明迟到了，我们只好等他。 另外，分词具有形容词和副词性质，它可以在句子中担任表语、定语、状语和宾补。 The story is interesting. I'm interested in it.这个故事很有趣，我对它感兴趣。（作表语） This is a moving film. 这是一部感人的电影。（作定语） The woman dressed in blue is my sister. 穿着蓝衣服的妇女是我姐姐。（作定语） The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a long speech for the president.（作状语） 秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备一篇长的发言稿。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果再多加注意，这些树会长得更好。（作状语） When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补） 当他经过银行时看见这个贼正在偷钱。 When he was decorating his house, he got（had）the bedroom painted first.（作宾补） 分词的形式（及物动词的分词有七种形式，不及物动词的分词有四种形式） 动词类别及物动词（do) 不及物动词（fall）语态主动被动主动被动 一般式doing being done done（2） falling fallen（2） 无 完成式having done having been doing having fallen 无 完成进行式（1）having been done having been being done （基本不用） having been falling 无 注：（1）以上几种形式中完成进行式不常用。（2）fallen是不及物动词fall的过去分词，表示主动， 而done是及物动词do的过去分词，表被动（除了这两个是过去分词外，以上其余皆是现在分词。） 例：Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. 关于这一事故，他什么也不知道，所以他还像平常一样去上班了〃 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 因为他没有收到回信，他决定再写。 它们的主要区别表现在语态和时态上 Ⅰ. 从语态上来区别 1.在语态上现在分词无论是及物动词或不及物动词，一般都表示主动的意思。 Do you know the woman talking to Tom？=Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom？ 定语从句（主动语态） 你认识那位正在和汤姆说话的那位妇女吗？ Entering the city, they saw a lot of soldiers marching.＝When they entered the city, they saw a lot of soldiers marching. 状语从句（主动语态） 进入城市后，他们看见许多士兵们在行进。 2. 及物动词的过去分词一般表示被动。 The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.＝The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor. 在战争中受伤的那位士兵现在已经成为一名医生了。 Seen from the top of the hill, the city is more beautiful.＝If it is seen from the top of the hill, the city is more beautiful. 如果从山顶上看这座城市更加美丽。 注意：请注意missing的用法。 be missing=be lost
(英语语法)现在分词过去分词和动名词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法 1)As Lily missed the bus, she was late for the class. Missing the bus, she was late for the class. 2)As the student was scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. 一、现在分词 （一）现在分词的定义： 现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。 （二）现在分词的功能与用法： 1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。 e.g.a running boy→aboy whoisrunning an old man standingthere→an old man whoisstandingthere 例如： The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1）感官动词：seehearwatchfeelnoticeobservefindlisten tolook at 2）使役动词：havegetmake 注意：要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。 eg.I saw Thomas playing computer games. Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3. 作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语，究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是－ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用－ed形式。这类词常见的有： interesting 使人感到高兴— interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的— delighted感到高兴的
(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法
(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法 1)As Lily missed the bus, she was late for the class. Missing the bus, she was late for the class. 2)As the student was scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. 一、现在分词 （一）现在分词的定义： 现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。 （二）现在分词的功能与用法： 1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语
从句。 e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is running an old man standing there →an old man who is standing there 例如： The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe find listen to look at 2）使役动词：have get make 注意：要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。 eg. I saw Thomas playing computer games . Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3. 作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语，究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般
现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析
现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析 现在分词和过去分词是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。它们在形态和用法上有一些不同之处。本文将详细解析这两种形式的区别和用法。 一、形态上的区别 1. 现在分词的形态 现在分词的形态是动词的-ing形式，例如：working, playing, eating 等。当动词作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和谓语等时，常用现在分词形式。 2. 过去分词的形态 过去分词的形态通常是在动词原形的基础上加上-ed、-d、-en、-t等词尾，例如：worked, played, eaten等。过去分词在完成时态和被动语态中常作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。 二、用法上的区别 1. 现在分词的用法 （1）作主语：现在分词可以作为主语出现在句子中，表示正在进行或经常性的动作。例如："Reading books is my hobby."（阅读书籍是我的爱好。）
（2）作定语：现在分词可以修饰名词作定语，常表示主动、进行 或经常性的动作。例如："The running water is very clear."（流动的水非 常清澈。） （3）作宾语补足语：现在分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表 示正在进行或经常性的动作。例如："I saw him painting the house."（我 看见他正在刷房子。） 2. 过去分词的用法 （1）作主语：过去分词可以作为主语出现在句子中，表示完成的 动作或状态。例如："Broken glass covered the ground."（破碎的玻璃铺 满了地面。） （2）作定语：过去分词可以修饰名词作定语，表示被动或完成的 动作。例如："The lost key has been found."（丢失的钥匙已经找到了。）（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表 示完成的动作或状态。例如："I have finished my homework."（我已经 完成了我的作业。） 三、常见用法说明 1. 现在分词表示主动、进行或经常性的动作 例如： - Smoking is harmful to health.（吸烟对健康有害。）
初中语法 现在分词和过去分词的用法
初中语法现在分词和过去分词的用法现在分词和过去分词的用法 语法是学习语言的基础，对于初中学生来说，掌握好语法知识是非 常重要的。其中，现在分词和过去分词是常见的两种形式，它们在句 子中起着不同的作用。在本文中，我们将详细介绍现在分词和过去分 词的用法。 一、现在分词的用法 现在分词是根据动词的规则变化而来的，通常以-ing结尾。它可以 作为动词、形容词或者副词使用。 1. 现在分词作动词 现在分词作动词时，通常表示正在进行的动作或者状态。它可以与 助动词be连用，构成进行时态。例如： - Mary is reading a book.（玛丽正在读一本书。） - They are playing football in the park.（他们在公园里踢足球。） 2. 现在分词作形容词 现在分词作形容词时，通常用来修饰名词或代词。它描述了名词或 代词所表示的人或物的性质、特点或状态。例如： - The running water is very clear.（流动的水非常清澈。） - I saw a crying baby in the street.（我在街上看到一个哭泣的婴儿。）
3. 现在分词作副词 现在分词作副词时，通常用来修饰动词、形容词或者副词。它表示 的是一种方式或者原因。例如： - She looked at him smilingly.（她笑着看着他。） - He drove the car slowly, avoiding any accidents.（他慢慢地开车，避 免任何事故的发生。） 二、过去分词的用法 过去分词是根据动词的规则变化而来的，通常有不规则变化的情况。过去分词可以用作形容词，也可以与助动词have或be连用。 1. 过去分词作形容词 过去分词作形容词时，用来描述名词的性质、状态或特点。通常表 示被动语态或者完成时态。例如： - The broken window needs to be fixed.（这个破损的窗户需要修理。）- I saw a written note on the table.（我在桌子上看到一张写着的便条。） 2. 过去分词与助动词have或be连用 过去分词与助动词have或be连用，可以构成完成时态或被动语态。 - They have finished their homework.（他们完成了他们的作业。）
现在分词及过去分词的用法
现在分词及过去分词的用法 现在分词过去分词的用法在英语学习中是一个难点，今天给大家整理了分词的用法，希望对大家学习有帮助！ 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 1、分词作状语1、分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。① Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. ② Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.③ The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.④ Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.⑤He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 2、分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 ① Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. (we don't have enough hands)② Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)③ Inspired by Leif eng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization.3、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构，现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。例如：① When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.② Wh ile waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work. 2、分词作定语 分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短
过去分词与现在分词
过去分词与现在分词用法比较 英语中的分词分两种：现在分词（the present participle）和过去分词（the past participle）。虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等，但是它们形式不同，而且语义也有差别。 现在从四方面举例说明。 ⒈现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在实行的（例①-③）；过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的（例④-⑥）： ① The boiling water is hot. ② A sleep ing baby is good to look at. ③ She has a smiling face. ④ You can use the boiled water to make tea. ⑤ Where is my lost key? ⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired. 有时，因为两个动词“异词同义”，其分词也跟着不同，如： ⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt? b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt? ⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received. b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories? ⒉在语义上，现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。前者有“令人……”的含义（见例⑨）；过去分词则有“感到……”的意思（见例⑩）： ⑨ The soccer ma tch last night was thrilling.（令人紧张） ⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.（感到快乐） 其他例子有： ● amazing: amazed; ● annoying: annoyed;
过去分词和现在分词的区别
过去分词和现在分词的区别 现在分词表示主动的意思，过去分词表示被动的意思；现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。现在分词和过去分词在句子中可以作谓语、表语、定语、补足语和状语。使役动词现在分词表示人或物的本身特征；过去分词表示人或物的心情或状态等。 过去分词的用法 过去分词作定语的用法： 单个的过去分词作定语一般都放在修饰词之前，而过去分词短语作定语则一般都出现被修饰词之后。 The frightened kid hid himself behind the door, holding his breath.那个受了惊吓的孩子把自己藏在门后，屏住自己的呼吸。 过去分词作表语的用法： 过去分词作表语一般来说都比较简单，很多时候这些过去分词就直接被认为是一个独的形容词。 When I got home, I was really exhausted.到家的时候，我已筋疲力尽。 过去分词作补语的用法： Don't lie to me. I saw you beaten.（过去分词作宾补）你就别骗我了。我看到人家打你。 She stood in front of me, disappointed.（过去分词作主补）她站在我面前，一副失望的样子。
过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 The meeting,attended by over five thousand people,ed the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 The boy looked up with a pleased satisfied expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 现在分词的用法 （一）作定语 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如： This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging,
现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法 一、现在分词 （一）现在分词的定义： 现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。 （二）现在分词的功能与用法： 1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。 e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is running the girl standing there → a girl who is standing there 例如： The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at 2）使役动词：have get catch leave set 注意：要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。 eg. I saw him singing now. Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3. 作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语，究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 （一）分词的作用 ·现在分词可用于: ·①构成进行时。e。g. Ｗｅare ｓｔudｙing Eｎｇｌish. ·②当副词作状语。ｅ.ｇ. Ｔhe cｈilｄｒen caｍe，singｉng ａnd dancing。 ·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.ｇ。Fallinｇleaves dａnced ｉn the aｉｒ。 ·I ｓaw many ｂirｄs flｙing alｏng tｈe rivｅr． ·Tｈe sｔory is ｖeｒy mｏvｉng。 ·过去分词可用于： ·①构成完成时。 e.g.Thｅpｌay hａd beｇun wheｎwｅarrｉvｅd ｔhere。 ·②构成被动语态。e。ｇ. Ｅnｇｌｉsh is ｗｉdely ｓpoken iｎtｈｅｗorｌd．·③当副词作状语.e．g。Sｅｅn herｅ, the city ｌoｏks more bｅａutiｆｕl。 ·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e。g. a ｂoｙnａmed Tom ·I sａw thｅgｉrｌkilled ｗｉｔｈmｙoｗn ｅyes. ·I’ｍinteｒeｓteｄｉｎEnｇlｉsｈ。 (二)现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1.在语态上：现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。 2。在时态上:现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 （三)确定分词的使用的具体步骤 (1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 （2)找准逻辑主语 （３)判断主、被动关系 （4)选定现在或过去分词 １.Tｈere waｓ a tｅrrｉble ｎｏise_＿__ ｔhe sudｄｅn bｕrｓt oｆｌighｔ. A. folｌowｅｄ B. ｆoｌｌowing C。to bｅfolloｗeｄＤ．bｅing ｆoｌlｏwed 2.Ｔhe Ｏｌyｍpic Gａｍｅs, ____iｎ７76 Ｂ。C。，didn’ｔincluｄe women unt ｉl1912。 A。fiｒｓｔｐlａｙing B. toｂe ｆｉrsｔpｌayｅd Ｃ. fｉrst ｐlaｙｅd D。tｏbe playｉｎg 3。What’sｔhｅlanguａｇe＿___in Gerｍany？ A. speaking B. sｐｏken C. ｂｅｓpoken D．tｏspeａｋ