2018-2019学年度高中英语(人教版)选修六Unit 5 The power of nature reading学案

Unit 5 The power of nature reading学案

Mount Kilauea, the world's most active volcano, is on the

island of Hawaii. It is not far from Mauna Loa, the largest

volcano in the world. Mauna Loa and Kilauea together form

the V olcanoes National Park in Hawaii.

Mount Kilauea has produced lava (熔岩) more than fifty

times in the last one hundred years. At this moment, red hot lava

is pouring out of Kilauea. It has been doing this since 1983.

Sometimes the lava moves slowly. At other times it pours

out very fast as a huge amount of pressure (压力) forces it

from the volcano. During these times, it moves almost as

quickly as water moving down the side of a mountain.

Sometimes Kilauea produces a large amount of lava that

seems like rivers of fire. When the lava from Kilauea reaches

the ocean, its fierce (凶猛的) heat produces a great amount

of steam that rises into the air. The lava is so hot it continues

to burn underwater for some time. The lava from Kilauea

continues to add land to the island as the volcanoes of Hawaii

have always done.It was these volcanoes that formed the

islands of Hawaii. Most of the time the lava of Kilauea

seems to move peacefully toward the ocean. Yet it is not as

peaceful as it seems from a distance.

In recent years the lava destroyed one small town on the

island. The liquid (流动的) rock slowly covered the town. It

blocked roads and destroyed them. Nothing can stop the lava

of Kilauea.

Experts say the volcanoes of Mauna Loa and Kilauea are a serious threat (威胁) to property on many parts of the island. They also say the volcanoes of the island of Hawaii are proof that the changing environment of Earth is and will always remain beyond human control.

Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre-reading

[原文呈现][读文清障]

AN EXCITING JOB

I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside①people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment② and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally③ dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from④one of the most powerful forces on earth — the volcano.

I was appointed⑤as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory⑥(HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database⑦about Mount Kilauea⑧，which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated⑨ the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned⑩ to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way⑪，and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground⑫. ①alongside/əˌlɒŋ'saId/adv.在旁边；沿着边prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边

②equipment/I'kwIpmənt/n.[U]设备；装备

③occasionally adv.偶尔；间或

④protect ... from

保护……免于

⑤appoint/ə'pɔInt/vt.任命；委派

be appointed as ... 被任命为……

⑥observatory/əb'zɜːvətrI; US-tɔːrI/n.观象台；

天文台；气象台

⑦database/'deItəˌbeIs/n.数据库；资料库

⑧Mount Kilauea/kIlə'wIə/基拉韦厄火山

⑨evaluate/I'væljʊeIt/vt.评估；评价；估计

⑩warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告/告诫某人(不

要)去做某事

⑪out of the way 不挡道

⑫burn to the ground 全部焚毁

一份令人兴奋的工作

[第1～2段译文]

我有份世界上最伟大的工作。我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，和我一道工作的人来自世

界各地。(我们)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时(工作中)要用科学仪器，有时要会

见当地百姓和旅游人士，我从来不感到(工作)无聊。虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并

不在乎，因为危险能使我兴奋，使我感到有活力。然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能帮助保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

20年前，作为一名火山学家，我被派到夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。我的任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山的数据资料，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将流向何处，流速是多少。我们的工作拯救了许多人的生命，因为熔岩要流经之地，老百姓都可以得到离开家园的通知。遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流经之路，因此，许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。

When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage⑬rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave⑮down the mountain⑯causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten⑰rock. However, the eruption⑱itself is really exciting to watch⑲ and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep⑳ when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance○21. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining○22 hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely○23fantastic○24sight. ⑬cause damage 造成损失than you might imagine⑭. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the

⑭than引导比较状语从句。

⑮wave/weIv/n.波浪；波涛vi.波动；起伏；

挥手

⑯that引导定语从句，修饰the lava。

⑰molten/'məʊltən/adj.熔化的；熔融的

⑱eruption/I'rʌpʃn/n.火山爆发；(战争等)爆发erupt/I'rʌpt/vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生

⑲to watch是动词不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。

⑳fast asleep 睡得很香

○21in the distance 在远处；在远方

○22fountain/'faʊntIn; US-tn/vi.&vt.泉水般地喷出或涌出n．喷泉；源泉

○23absolutely/'æbsəluːtlI；ˌæbsə'luːtlI/adv.绝对地；完全地

absolute/'æbsəluːt/adj.绝对的；完全的

○24fantastic adj.极好的；吸引人的；有趣的

[第3段译文],当滚烫的岩石从火山喷发出来并撞回地面时，它所造成的损失比想象的要小些，这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。而像波浪一样顺着山坡缓缓流下的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。然而火山喷发本身看起来的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。那是在我抵达夏威夷后的第二个星期。那天我辛辛苦苦地干了一整天，

很早就上床睡觉了。我在熟睡中突然感到床铺在摇晃，接着我听到一阵奇怪的声音，就好像一列火车在我的窗外行驶一样。因为我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震，所以对此我并不在意。我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。我跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。在山的一边有火山喷发，红色发烫的岩浆像喷泉一样，朝天上喷射达几百米高。真是绝妙的奇景。

The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen○25. We had white protective suits○26that covered our whole body, helmets○27，big boots○28and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made ourway○29to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience○30，I stayed at the top and watched them.

Today, I am just as enthusiastic about○31my job as the day I first started. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at○32their beauty as well as their potential○33to cause great damage. ○25spaceman/'speIsmæn/n.宇航员；航天专家

○26suit/sjuːt/n.一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜○27helmet/'helmIt/n.头盔

○28boot/buːt/n.靴子○29make one's way前往(后接介词to, through, towards等)

○30this being my first experience是独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。独立主格结构形式有多种，此处的形式是“代词＋现在分词”。

○31be enthusiastic about ... 对……充满热情

○32be amazed at 对……感到惊奇

○33potential/pə'tenʃl/n.潜在性；可能性；潜能

[第4～5段译文],就在这次火山喷发的第二天，我很有幸作了一次更近距离的观察。我和另外两位科学家被驱车送上山，到最靠近这次火山喷口的地方才下车。早先从观测站

出发时就带了一些特别的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。我们三个人看上去就像宇航员一样，我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了双大靴子。穿着这些衣服走起路来不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。,如今，我和当初从事这项工作时一样满怀热情。虽然我现在从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它们那潜在的巨大破坏力仍然感到惊愕不已。

Please match the words with their proper meanings.

1．alongside A．next to or along the side of something

2．appoint B．to carefully consider something to see how

useful or valuable it is

3．evaluate C．a line of raised water that moves across the

surface of the sea

4．wave D．the possibility that something will develop in a

certain way, or have a particular effect 5．equipment E．to choose someone for a position or a job

6．potential F．all the special tools, machines, clothes etc. that

you need for a particular activity 1～6________________

答案：1～6AEBCFD

Lead-in

Do you know what kind of natural disasters the following pictures belong to? Please match the pictures with their names.

1．volcanic eruption________ 2.earthquake________

3．hurricane________ 4.flood________

5．landslide________ 6.thunderstorm________

7．sandstorm________ 8.drought________

答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.E 5.G 6.H7.D8.F

Fast-reading

Skim the text and complete the following questions.

1．What is the main idea of the passage?

A．An eruption occurred in Hawaii.

B．A volcanologist's job is exciting.

C．A volcanologist's exciting job and his first sight of a volcanic eruption.

D．A sight of an eruption is horrible.

答案：C

2．There are five paragraphs in the whole passage, and we can divide it into four parts. Please choose the right answers to fill in the following forms.

B．My first sight of a volcanic eruption.

C．My job as a volcanologist.

D．How I had a closer look at the crater after the eruption.

答案：Part 1：C Part 2：B Part 3：D Part 4：A

Careful-reading

Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.

1．What does the wri ter mean by using “lucky” in the sentence “... I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it.” in the last but one paragraph?

A．He felt much safer at the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the crater.

B．It was his first sight of an eruption.

C．It was the first time for him to watch the crater.

D．Both B and C.

2．The writer doesn't mind the occasional danger of his job because ________.

A．he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world

B．he likes the different ways of working

C．he thinks his job is the most important

D．he is excited about danger and feels alive

3．As a result of the writer's job, ________.

A．other scientists predict the progress of lava from the volcano

B．many people have been warned to move their homes

C．the eruption causes less damage

D．the volcano may be prevented from breaking out

4．What did the writer feel and see in his first sight of an eruption?

A．His bed began shaking and he heard a strange sound.

B．His bedroom was as bright as day.

C．Red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the sky.

D．All of the above.

5．Which of the following descriptions of an eruption is NOT correct?

A．It causes great damage near the top of Mount Kilauea.

B．The places where the lava flows are usually seriously damaged.

C．It can be seen from a distance, even in a house garden.

D．The lava can fountain hundreds of meters.

答案：1～5CDADA

Study-reading

Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.

1．However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth — the volcano.

[句式分析]这是一个主从复合句，that I help ... the volcano为that引导的表语从句。从句中破折号起解释说明的作用。

[尝试翻译]然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能帮助保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

2．The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.

[句式分析]本句的主句为The lava causes far more damage, that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain为定语从句，because it buries ... 为原因状语从句。

[尝试翻译]而像波浪一样顺着山坡缓缓流下的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。

3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：

Can we predict earthquakes?

Can we control earthquakes?

To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at

the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San

Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of

the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.

However, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.

When the wa ter “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.

语篇解读：为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。

1．Earthquakes belts are ________.

A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur

B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes

C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface

D．the two layers of earth along a fault

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。

2．The San Andreas fault is ________.

A．an active fault system

B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly

C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled

D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain

解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。

3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?

A．They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.

B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.

C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.

D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知。

4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?

A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.

B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.

C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.

D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.

解析：选B推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。

B

There are over 500 known active volcanoes in the world and thousands of extinct volcanoes. V olcanoes are found on every continent except Australia. There are about 80 active volcanoes under the oceans. V olcanoes are both terrifying and fascinating. In order to understand why volcanic eruptions happen, it is necessary to know some things about how the Earth is made.

The part of the Earth we live on is an 18-mile-thick layer of solid rock called the crust. Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle (地幔), it is hot enough to melt some of the rock, creating magma (岩浆).

When the magma finds cracks in the Earth's crust, it rises up. Gas bubbles (气泡) inside the

magma grow bigger and try to escape as the molten rock gets closer to the Earth's surface. When the gas bubbles can't be held back any longer, the volcano erupts. Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off, and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts. If the magma is runny, and the gas can escape easily, the eruption is gentle. But if the magma is thick, the gas has to build up more pressure to escape. Then the eruption is explosive.

When a volcano erupts, the molten rock that flows from it is called lava. The lava may run for some distance, or it may pile up near the volcano, making the mountain larger.

During an explosive eruption, pieces of rock are thrown from the volcano. Scientists call these pyroclasts (火山碎屑). The smallest pyroclasts are called ash. Ash is often thrown into the atmosphere by the force of the eruption. Larger rocks, about walnut (胡桃) size, are called lapilli, Italian for “little stones”. The largest pyroclasts are called blocks if they are solid, or bombs if they are molten.

V olcanoes have been a major force in the formation of our planet for thousands and thousands of years. Today geologists continually observe active volcanoes for signs of eruption. Using modern instruments, they are usually able to issue a warning before the volcano erupts.

语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了火山的一些基本知识。

5．The author explains how the volcano erupts by ________.

A．making a comparison B．telling a story

C．using figures D．asking questions

解析：选A写作手法题。根据第三段“Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off, and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts.”可知，作者在说明火山怎样喷发时打了一个比方。

6．Whether the eruption is explosive depends on ________.

A．the temperature of the crust

B．whether the magma is thick

C．whether the magma is near the mantle

D．the number of gas bubbles inside the magma

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段末三句“If the magma is runny ... Then the erupt ion is explosive.”可知，火山喷发是否是爆发性的，取决于岩浆是否黏稠。其中的runny的意思是“松软的，有流动倾向的”。

7．We learn from Paragraph 5 that ________.

A．ash is smaller than pyroclasts

B．bombs are about walnut size

C．blocks are larger than lapilli

D．lapilli exist in the atmosphere

解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段“The largest pyroclasts are called blocks ...”可知，block是最大的火山碎屑，故选C项。

8．The passage is most probably taken from ________.

A．NationalGeographic B．EntertainmentWeekly

C．Health D．TVGuide

解析：选A文章出处题。该文介绍了火山的一些常识，最有可能从关于地理方面的杂志中摘选，故A项为正确答案。

C

Seeing a volcano erupt is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit (山顶) of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua, giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her

most powerful.

Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with

many colorful houses along its old streets that are turned into

art-works during its Holy Week Festival. No matter when you come

to Antigua, you won't miss the Pacaya-tour companies.

But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2,560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forward and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit：the McKenney Cone (火山锥). Just as though you are going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.

Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night, the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down.

语篇解读：红色的熔岩从火山口喷薄而出冲向百米高空，与黑色的天幕相映生辉，来自大自然的力量令游客叹为观止，流连忘返。

9．What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To attract tourists to Pacaya.

B．To describe the beauty of Pacaya.

C．To introduce guided tours to Pacaya.

D．To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.

解析：选A写作意图题。B项描述Pacaya之美；C项介绍去Pacaya的旅行；D项解释Pacaya大自然的力量。这三项本文都是点到为止，其最终目的是想吸引游客去Pacaya。

10．Antigua is an island ________.

A．where people can enjoy cultural festival

B．where the daring Pacaya tour starts

C．that gives a close-up view of Pacaya

D．that is famous for its tour companies

解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“No matter when you come to Antigua, you won't miss the Pacaya­tour companies.”可知，这里是冒险之游的起点。

11．Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will ________.

A．walk directly to the active summit

B．hear the continuous loud noise from above

C．make greater efforts than to other summits

D．see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions

解析：选D细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Steaming, hot remains from recent erup tions begin to line the path as you near the active summit”可知D项正确。

12．Many tours are timed for people to ________.

A．get down the mountain in time when night falls

B．avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone

C．enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky

D．appreciate the scenery of the 2,560-metre-high mountain

解析：选C细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，要准时到达火山锥才能欣赏到日落及岩浆喷发到黑色天空中的壮观景色。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Nowadays we are too busy to make art or make creative works. Here are some simple tips to help you solve the problem.

1．Read before you fall asleep

This is a classic subconscious (潜意识的)-employing trick, used a lot when you really need to study and remember materials. __1__ Studies show that your brain remembers more and thinks subconsciously about the information you want to process just before going into REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. __2__

2．Take notes whenever ideas come

Take notes no matter what time of day (or night). Keep a notepad and pen beside your bed, and always carry one in your handbag or pocket. __3__ Sometimes they're not important or playful, but sometimes they can be tiny seeds of gold.

3．Make conversations about your artwork a priority

Think about how much time you spend talking out loud about your artwork. __4__ There's a learning curve (曲线) that comes out of forcing yourself to communicate. Set up a list of artists to contact regarding your work.

4．Don't neglect thinking time

__5__ Many artworks are made after they have been inside your own head for months or even years. Whether you're at work, walking pets, or doing the dishes, using this moment to think hard about your artwork can pay off greatly.

A．You might even dream about what you have read.

B．Try some of these ideas out and see what works for you.

C．When you're not making artwork, make time to simply think.

D．Don't hesitate to take notes in public or anywhere the inspiration strikes.

E．Inspiration has become more important than ever for business leaders or artists.

F．It helps to regularly make every effort to talk about what you've been working on.

G．If you want to think more about your artwork, read about it just before you fall asleep.

语篇解读：如今我们变得越来越忙以至于没有时间进行艺术创作或者进行思维创新。本文提出了几条建议来解决这一问题。

1．选G本节小标题是：睡前阅读。另外根据承上启下的原则，第1空选G：若要深入思考艺术创作，那么就在睡前进行阅读吧。下一句讲：研究表明，人类大脑在进入快速眼球运动睡眠(Rapid Eye Movement sleep) 之前，对所要处理的信息消化吸收得最快。第2空选A：你在睡前所读的内容甚至可能出现在梦境中。

2．选A参见上题解析。

3．选D D项中的“take notes in public”和标题“Take notes whenever ideas come”呼应。

4．选F F项中的“talk about what you've been working on”和前一句中的“talking out loud about your artwork”呼应。

5．选C C项中的“mak e time to simply think”和标题“Don't neglect thinking time”呼应。