国际贸易合同的语言特征及翻译

摘要

随着我国经济的快速发展，我国国际贸易活动日益频繁，涉外企业的经营规模也在逐步扩大，而商务合同作为一个重要的法律文件依据，其在国际经济贸易中的作用就不言而喻了。商务合同作为一种特殊的应用文体，他要求合同语言要有高度的正确性和严谨性，稍有差错和漏洞就有可能带来难以承受的损失。由于经济发展需求的增加，商务合同的形式也越来越多，涉及面也越来越广，从而翻译的难度也不断加大。所以我们在把合同英译时，一定要忠实原文，严格把握翻译质量，做到结构严谨、内容准确、言简意赅。

本文主要分析商务英语合同语言的特征，并针对其特征找出翻译的原则，并简要介绍主要的翻译方法以及翻译过程中应该注意的问题。

关键词：国际经贸英语合同，语言特点，翻译原则，翻译方法

一．经贸合同语言的特点

国际经贸合同按照其重要性与繁简程度不同，可分为正式合同、协议、确认书等书面形式，也可以采用口头或其他形式。在这里我们主要分析书面合同的语言特点。其特点主要包括以下几个方面：

（一）多用正式用语。国际贸易合同作为法律文件依据，其语言必须体现其法律文体的严肃性和准确性。所以在合同语言中，我们必须多用正式用语和法律用语，

少用口语词和大众难以理解的词汇。例如Party A shall repatriate the patient to

China and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing .在合同译文中，我们多用

“repatriate”替换“send back”。又如In case one party desires to sell or assign all or

part of his investment subscribed ,the other party shall have the preemptive right .在

这个例句中，“shall”“assign”“preemptive”等词的使用就体现了合同用语的法

律性和严谨性。

（二）用词准确，不产生歧义，同时成对使用同义词。国际贸易合同需要将合同双方的意愿清晰地表达出来,首先要考虑的就是其语言的明晰性,而这一点又主要依

靠准确用词,同义、近义词间的细微差异此时都显得非常重要。所以为了尽可能

把一切都写得准确无疑,我们在翻译时往往会不惜笔墨成对使用同义词，尽量做

到语义明确。例如Each party to this Agreement shall perform and fulfill any of the

obligations under this Agreement.在这里，“perform and fulfill”的使用就体现了成

对使用同义词的特征。

（三）多使用古体词。最典型的就是由here(this),there(that),where(which)加上介词而构成的复合词，这样可避免同一合同中多次重复提到某一名词，从而避免文句冗

长，并获得简练、准确、正式的效果。常用的复合词有hereafter, hereby, herein,

hereinafter, hereof, hereto, herebefore, herewith, thereafter, thereby, therefrom,

therein, thereof, thereon ,whereas, whereby, wherein, whereon 。

（四）

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