新概念英语第三册笔记第30课

Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死

New words and expression 生词和短语

Labourer ['le?b(?)r?] n.劳动者（工人）（劳工）-- 强调使用体力, 而不是技能, 在户外工作。Workman n.技工, 工匠 -- 具有某种工艺技能的半熟练工人

worker n.工人（泛指）-- 具有更高水平的工人

-- white-collar worker 白领职员(指非体力劳动者) -- blue-collar worker 蓝领工人(指体力劳动者) -- a factory worker 工厂工人 / farm worker 雇农, 农业工人

Manual worker mental worker

farmhand（n.农业工人, 农场工人）= farm labourers = farm worker

labour n. 1、劳动（尤指体力劳动）（可以以复数形式出现labours. （very hard work, usually physical work）

2、(总称) 劳工

3、工作（任务task；（一段时间的）工作period of work）

4、分娩 (分娩期；分娩；生产)Her labour had lasted ten hours

vi 1、艰苦劳动、干苦力活 2、艰难的工作、吃力地行进 move with difficulty

3、+to do 艰苦地做；吃力地做 If you labour to do something, you do it with difficulty labour force n. 劳动力

surplus labour 【政治经济学】剩余劳动(力) , 【经济学】剩余劳动

['s?:pl?s] n. 剩余；[贸易] 顺差；盈余；过剩 adj. 剩余的；过剩的

labour party (劳)工党 Conservative party保守党 Democratic party 民主党 Republican party 共和党

division of labour 分工

labour union n. [美]工会

conserve vt. 1、节省；节约 2、保护；保存；保藏 to protect sth and prevent it from being changed or destroyed

n. 果酱；蜜饯

Conserve的“保持、保存”有两种含义，第一种含义含有为了节约而保护、保存的意思，例如：You can set

the temperature to 26 degrees centigrade in order to conserve energy. 你可以把温度设置成26摄氏度以节约资源。第二种含有为了让某事物（一般指自然资源）不被改变或者不被破坏而保护、保存的意思，例如：Government should enforce laws to conserve wildlife animals in this area. 政府应该实施法律保护这个地区的野生动物。

preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持；腌；禁猎 n. 保护区；禁猎地；加工成的食品；

Preserve的“保持、保存”也有两种含义，第一种含义有维护、保持（a situation or condition）某种状态、质量、权利的意思，例如：She believed it‘s the most important thing to preserve her reputation. 她认为维护自己的名声是最重要的事情。preserve peace维护和平。the preservation of the status 维持现状。第二种含义有保留、保藏且维护以不被破坏或者维持现状的意思，常常用作被动语态，例如：The ancient vase was preserved well by the archaeologists. 这个古代花瓶被考古学家保存得很好。reserve n. 储备，储存；自然保护区；预备队；[金融] 储备金 vt. 储备；保留；预约 vi. 预订Reserve有“预定”的意思，即主动去要求“保留”，例如：I'd like to reserve a room tonight. 我想预定一个今晚的房间。Reserve还常用作被动语态，表示为了留给后面的人或者为以后的使用而“保留、保存”，例如：The refreshments are reserved for the guests. 这些点心是留给客人的。Reserve还能表示“拥有、保留、保持”权利和意见的意思，例如很多出版物上都会标有“All rights reserved”，意思是“版权所有”。

简单来区分的话，conserve强调保护自然资源和节约资源，preserve强调不被改变和破坏，reserve强调留着备用。

Overnight adv.一夜期间

Overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上

Adj&adv 突然地；突然地（由“一夜间”引申出）

-- an overnight trip一整夜的旅行 / an overnight guest 过夜的客人

overpopulated adj.人口过密的, 人口过剩的

oversea s adv.海外 adj.外国的, 海外的

over+动词（over表示超过）

overeat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多

oversleep vt.(使)睡过头 vi.睡过头, 睡得太久

overwork n.过度工作 v.(使)工作过度

overcharge v.讨价过高, 使过量装填, 过度充电 n.超载, 过重的负担, 过度充电

overestimate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高

Hay [he?] n.干草 ((作饲料用的) 干草)

vt把(青草、苜蓿等)制成干草

固化短语：If you say that someone is making hay or is making hay while the sun shines 晒草要趁好太阳; 抓紧时机

Corn [k?:n] n.谷物、谷粒-- Corn n.［英］谷物, 五谷, 小麦［美、加、澳］玉米［苏、爱］燕麦

wheat [wi:t]小麦barley[‘bɑ:li] 大麦 rice水稻 cereal燕麦

大麦就不是了，它的植株比小麦要高，麦芒长，穗宽而短，不太高产。出的面粉面筋较多发粘。大麦在过去多用作饲料。因为玉米产量比打麦高很多，并且和小麦轮作（麦收种玉米，玉米收过种小麦）大麦与小麦同季节，所以现在很少重大麦。

谷物一词的辨析

grain [gre?n] 指稻、麦等谷类及其粒子。

crop [kr?p] 指谷物或果类等一年或一季的收成，也可指地里的农业作物或谷物。（农作物、庄稼）corn 主要指大麦、小麦、燕麦、裸麦、玉蜀黍这5种谷物及其粒子。

Moonlight n.月光月光男孩 2017年奥斯卡最佳影片

Conscientious [,k?n??'en??s] adj.认真的修饰人

Someone who is conscientious is very careful to do their work properly

Conscientious adj.认真的，尽责的, 有心的（凭良心的）, 自觉的（谨慎的）

-- a conscientious worker 勤勤恳恳的工作者

conscious adj.有意识的, 神志清醒的unconscious

-- He is hurt but still conscious. 他受了伤, 不过神志还清醒。

conscious adj.了解的, 察觉的

-- She was not conscious of his presence in the room. 她不晓得他在这房间里。

-- I was conscious of her presence. 我知道她在场。

conscience 良知、良心

Suspect v.怀疑动词读作s?’sp?kt。名词和形容词读作’s?sp?kt

v. 怀疑；猜想 n. 嫌疑犯 adj. 靠不住的；可疑的

Suspect sth -- I suspected her motives. 我怀疑她的动机。

Suspect sb to be -- suspect him to be ill 猜想他病了 -- I suspect him to be a spy. suspect sb of doing/n -- I suspect him of stealing the car.

-- suspect sb. of giving false information 怀疑某人提供假情报

-- suspect sb. of a crime 怀疑某人犯罪

Suspect that…

-- We suspect they'll be a little late. 我们揣想他们会晚来一会儿。

Suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑

Suspicious adj.可疑的, 引起怀疑的 -- Cats are suspicious of human beings.

Suspect表示一种肯定的语义, Doubt 表示一种否定的语义

Doubt vt.怀疑, 不信, 拿不准（用 that, 往往表示非常怀疑）

-- I doubt that he will come. 我看他不见得会来。

-- I doubt whether [if] he is at home. 我看他不一定在家。

-- I do not doubt (but) that he can recite it. 我相信他能把它背下来。

-- I doubt what he said. 我不相信他说的话。

Doubtful adj.怀疑的；不信任的

-- It is doubtful that he will come.

Doubtable adj.可疑的, 令人怀疑的

Desert v.（军队中）开小差 [(for v.) d?'z??t; (for n.) 'dez?t]

V-T&V-I If someone deserts, or deserts a job, especially a job in the armed forces, they leave that job without permission. 开小差（不及物时用介词from, desert from）

-- The soldier deserted his army. 这个士兵开小差。

Desert .遗弃, 抛弃, 舍弃（= abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃;违背法律、道义、责任、信仰

-- desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family

Abandon vt.抛弃, 舍弃, 离弃（被迫放弃所喜爱的或所负责的东西）especially when you should not do so

-- abandon one's home 离弃家园

-- He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.（research n.研究, 调查）Forsake [f?'se?k] vt.( 过去式 forsook 过去分词 forsaken ) 舍弃, 放弃, 背弃 [文学性]

对象一般是亲人或关系亲密的人，或者是摒弃某种行为[文学性]；eg革除(旧风习等), 抛弃(坏习惯)

-- He forsook his family.

-- He has forsaken his wife and children. 他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。

-- You must forsake your bad habits. 你必须革除你的坏习惯。

Discard [d?'skɑ:d] vt.放弃, 丢弃, 抛弃（= give up as useless）

If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it. 丢弃

-- Everyday we discard a large amount of rubbish.

Regiment n.（军队）团（引申出量词，一大批） ['red??m(?)nt]

brigade 旅 division师 Squad班（小队） platoon[pl?'tu:n]排 company连 battalion 营[b?'t?l ??n]

group army 集团军

Action n.战斗auction ['?:k?(?)n] vt. 拍卖；竞卖n. 拍卖

Active adj. 积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的 n. 主动语态；积极分子

Activate vt.[usu passive] 刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性 vi. 激活；有活力

Initiate vt. 启动，开始，创始；发起；使初步了解（传授） n. 开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者Motive n. 动机，目的；主题 adj. 发动的；成为动机的 vt. 使产生动机，激起

Motivate v. 刺激，使有动机，激励/激发…的积极性；成为……的动机；（激起某种行为）

Recluse [r?'klu:s] n.隐士n. 隐士；隐居者 adj. 隐居的

远离【世界】，过着【隔绝】生活，“常常”是【独处】。 - 不一定是【宗·教·信·仰】的原因，不一定是独处（也许是小群体的与世隔绝的生活）；recluse的第2个含义，才是指修行者，和上面hermit同。reclusive [r?'klu?s?v] adj. 隐居的；隐遁的

hermit ['h??m?t] n. （尤指宗教原因的）隐士，隐居者；蜂鸟

强调的是远离【社会】，因【宗·教·信·仰】而【独处】的修行的人。

还有些小的区别：recluse只用于人，而hermit 可指动物的独居习性；

give up 放弃, 抛弃, 认输

labour n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工 v.劳动, 苦干

cowshed n.牛棚, 牛舍

oblige [?'bla?d?] vt.迫使, 责成

词根： oblige

adj. obliged 必须的；感激的；有责任的

obligate 有责任的，有义务的；必需的

obliging 乐于助人的；有礼貌的；体贴的；亲切的

obligated 有义务的；责无旁贷的

n. obligation 义务；职责；债务

obliger 施惠与人者

v. obliged 要求；约束；施恩惠（oblige的过去分词）

obliging 迫使；约束（oblige的现在分词）

vt. obligate 使负义务；强使，强迫；对…施以恩惠

动词oblige和obligate词形词义均相似，但oblige表示“迫使（某人做某事）”[force sb to do sth],常用作被动语态；而obligate表示“（法律或道义）强迫“（某人做某事）”[oblige or bind legally or morally],可用作主动语态或被动语态。例句： She was obliged to go out to work when her husband died. 丈夫去世后，她不得不出去工作。 They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debbts. 为了还债，他们不得不卖掉房子。 The law obligates a fater to support his children. 法律规定父亲有抚养其子女的义务。 He felt obligated to vist his parents. 他觉得有义务去看望父母。

1> It never occurred to them that… 他们从来没有想到过…

2> penalty（n.处罚, 罚款）= punishment（n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处）

desertion [d?'z???n] n.丢掉, 遗弃, 逃亡, 开小差

3> outbreak n.(战争的)爆发, (疾病的)发作 bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏

4> army life = life in the army 军队生活 school life = life in the school 学校生活

9> with time 随着时间的推移

at the time 当时, 在那个时候 on time adv.准时 at times adv.有时, 不时

10> recruit [r?'kru?t] vt. vi.招募，招收（新兵等） -- to recruit new police officers 招募新的警官

吸收（新成员） -- to recruit some new members 吸收新成员

conscript [k?n'skr?pt] n.被征入伍者，被征入伍的士兵 vt.征募, 征兵, 征召（美语用draft）-- He was conscript into the army.

Regiment n.团, 大群 v.把...编组, 把...编成团, 管辖

Regiment n.〈军〉团

-- The regiment was ordered to the front. 这个团被调往前线。

（常与of连用）大群；大量

-- a regiment of ducks 一大群鸭子

Regiment vt.管辖, 严格控制

-- Modern children don't like being regimented. 现代的儿童不喜欢受严格的控制。

11> hermit n.隐士, 隐居者

12> realizing = become aware of never realizing = quite unaware of

Text 课文

Why did the two brothers keep the secret

For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted.

Haunt vt. 1、闹鬼；（鬼魂常出没于）2、(令人不愉快的事) 萦绕在心头，长期不断地纠缠

-- It is said that the public house was haunted.

Haunt vt.常去, 常到（某地）= visit somewhere every often

-- He haunted this cinema.

The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox.

Own = possess

They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long.

Be willing to do = be ready to do

Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story.

Every time = whenever 引导时间状语从句

-- Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.

= Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.

Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. Wake up to find that… 醒过来时, 结果发现…

-- He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a large crowd of people.

-- He hurried to the post office only to find that it was shut.（表示遗憾的结果用only）

Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight.

claimed to do…

-- He claimed to have seen the puma.

-- Seamen claimed to have seen monsters.

See sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事

Who引导非限定定语从句（lesson 08）

-- These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at Saint Bernard Monastery.

stay up 不睡觉, 留在原地，原地不动（= not to go to bed）

= sit up 坐起, 端坐, 熬夜

-- The boy sat up to see the film.

Wait up for 等候着不睡

-- Don’t wait up for me; I’ll be home very late.

burn the midnight oil 开夜车

-- I have to burn the midnight oil to tonight to complete work.

In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.

In time 最终，最后, 终于=at last==at length

It became an accepted fact that… 变成了一个大家都接受的事实

That引导同位语从句, 补充说明fact。

-- It becomes an accepted fact that the puma is still at large.

= Everybody had already accepted the fact that the puma is still at large.

Ghost 1、幽灵 2、阴魂 (指对坏事的记忆)

holy ghost n. [宗]圣灵

ghost of a 丝毫，微量，一点儿(常在否定句中与 chance，idea 连用，或与 smile连用)

ghost story 鬼故事，神怪小说

ghost town 鬼镇；废弃的城市

ghost image 鬼像；重像

No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. Someone else who had never been seen.

This was indeed the case.

A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Be astonished = be surprised

类似的词：amaze, astound

be astonished to do sth（可代替do的词：see, learn, hear, find, know, discover）

-- I am not surprised to see he is still as fat as before.

Everyone went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man.

For(= as)引导原因状语从句, 对主句补充说明。

none other than = no other than 不是别的, 正是... （强调人）

-- The man who spoke to her was none other than her husband. 和她说话的不是别人正是她丈夫。-- It was no other than my old friend.

nothing else than 只不过, 仅仅（强调事物）

-- His failure was due to nothing else than his own careless.他的失败不因为其它原因, 仅仅因为他的粗心。

A third brother 又一位兄弟

Was supposed = was thought -- He was supposed to have died twenty years ago.

After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years. Keep secret 保密（= keep sth to oneself）

Reveal secret 揭露秘密（= make known）

-- The press reveal the scandal.（n.丑事, 丑闻）（the press 新闻界）

-- He kept secret for a long time. = He kept it to himself for a long time.

Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers.

Very much中的Much用来加强语气

He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War.

Be obliged to do… = be force to do… 被迫做某事

Feel obliged to do… 有义务做某事

oblige [?'bla?d?] vt.迫使, 责成

词根： oblige

adj. obliged 必须的；感激的；有责任的

obligate 有责任的，有义务的；必需的

obliging 乐于助人的；有礼貌的；体贴的；亲切的

obligated 有义务的；责无旁贷的

n. obligation 义务；职责；债务

obliger 施惠与人者

v. obliged 要求；约束；施恩惠（oblige的过去分词）

obliging 迫使；约束（oblige的现在分词）

vt. obligate 使负义务；强使，强迫；对…施以恩惠

动词oblige和obligate词形词义均相似，但oblige表示“迫使（某人做某事）”[force sb to do sth],常用作被动语态；而obligate表示“（法律或道义）强迫“（某人做某事）”[oblige or bind legally or morally],可用作主动语态或被动语态。例句： She was obliged to go out to work when her husband died. 丈夫去世后，她不得不出去工作。 They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debbts. 为了还债，他们不得不卖掉房子。 The law obligates a fater to support his children. 法律规定父亲有抚养其子女的义务。 He felt obligated to vist his parents. 他觉得有义务去看望父母。

As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment.

When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war.

He had been in hiding…

Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well.

Fearing the authorities 现在分词做原因状语从句

Concealment n.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐蔽处

in hiding（躲藏着的）= remain in concealment（隐藏着, 躲着）

-- He remained in hiding at home.

His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action.

The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob.

The only other people who knew the secret 仅知道这个秘密的人

The only other people who finished the work 仅完成这项工作的人

They did not even tell their wives.

When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding.

They thought it their duty to…（it是形式宾语）

-- I thought it very difficult to pass the examination.

-- We all think it our duty to support our parents.

动词+ 宾语（形式宾语it）+ 宾补(名词、形容词) + to do…

All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.

Quite unaware of…形容词短语做状语

that引导同位语

unaware adj.不知道的, 没有觉察的(of, that)

-- be unaware of the danger 没有觉察到危险

-- He was unaware that I was present. 他不知道我在场。

aware adj.知道的, 明白的 -- I was not aware of the fire. 我没有意识到火。

would, used to 这组词都有“过去惯常，过去总是”的意思，其区别是：

would 指过去经常发生的行为，主观感情色彩较浓，只表过去惯常行为，既不表状态也不表持续动作。不含“过去如此，现在不再这样”的意味。

used to 指客观地表示过去的习惯，既可是过去经常发生的动作，又可是过去一向存在的状态，比would 通俗，往往含今昔感。

When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.

his brothers found it impossible to…（动词+ 宾语+ 宾补 + to do…）

v1.0 可编辑可修改-- We found it quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.

= It is quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>D It never occurred to them that… 他们从来没有想到过…

2>A penalty（n.处罚, 罚款）= punishment（n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处）

desertion n.丢掉, 遗弃, 逃亡, 开小差

3>D outbreak n.(战争的)爆发, (疾病的)发作 bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏

4>B 5>C

6>B army life = life in the army 军队生活 school life = life in the school 学校生活

7>A during后面一般接时间名词，while和when引导时间状语从句 8>A

9>C with time 随着时间的推移

at the time 当时, 在那个时候 on time adv.准时 at times adv.有时, 不时

10>B

recruit vt. vi.招募（新兵） -- to recruit new police officers 招募新的警官

吸收（新成员） -- to recruit some new members 吸收新成员

conscript [k?n'skr?pt] n.被征入伍的士兵 vt.征募, 征兵, 征召（美语用draft）

-- He was conscript into the army.

Regiment n.团, 大群 v.把...编组, 把...编成团, 管辖

Regiment n.〈军〉团

-- The regiment was ordered to the front. 这个团被调往前线。

（常与of连用）大群；大量

-- a regiment of ducks 一大群鸭子

Regiment vt.管辖, 严格控制

-- Modern children don't like being regimented. 现代的儿童不喜欢受严格的控制。

11>D hermit n.隐士, 隐居者

12>A realizing = become aware of never realizing = quite unaware of