美国法规21部分食品和药品目录 CFR PART 21 FOOD AND DRUG Contents

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direct food additive标准21cfr

direct food additive标准21cfr

direct food additive标准21cfr
21 CFR Part 是关于美国联邦食品添加剂法规的一部分,规定了对食品添加剂的管理要求。

这一部分包含了各种食品添加剂的定义、使用要求、申报和批准程序等。

在21 CFR Part 170中,对直接食品添加剂的定义如下:直接食品添加剂是指在制造、加工、包装、运输或储存食品过程中,直接与食品接触的物质,其目的是在食品中产生化学反应或对食品有明显的物理影响,以改变食品的某些特性,如防腐剂、抗氧化剂、着色剂、甜味剂等。

对于直接食品添加剂的管理要求,21 CFR Part 170规定,所有直接食品添加剂必须经过食品和药品管理局(FDA)的批准或临时批准,并按照规定的要求进行注册和公告。

同时,添加剂的使用量和使用范围也必须符合法规的规定。

总之,21 CFR Part 是美国关于食品添加剂的重要法规,其中对直接食品添加剂的管理要求非常严格,以确保食品的安全和合法性。

21 CFR 862,864,866...分类

21 CFR 862,864,866...分类

CFR Title 21 - Food and Drugs: Parts 1 to 1499联邦法规21章美国联邦行政法典21 CFR 862-892部分(见下表),将1700余种医疗器械产品结合医学专业划分为16大类,并给出了各种器械预期用途的相关描述。

法规编号名称21 CFR 862临床化学和毒理学器械21 CFR 864血液学和病理学器械21 CFR 866免疫学和微生物学器械21 CFR 868麻醉器械21 CFR 870心血管器械21 CFR 872牙科器械21 CFR 874耳鼻喉器械21 CFR 876胃肠病学与泌尿学类器械21 CFR 878通用外科与整形外科器械21 CFR 880普通医院和个人用器械21 CFR 882神经科器械21 CFR884妇科和产科器械21 CFR 886眼科器械21 CFR 888骨科器械21 CFR 890理疗器械21 CFR 892放射性器械2. 基于产品使用风险的管理分类《联邦食品、药品和化妆品法》的513节(FD&C ACT section 513)中,根据医疗器械的使用风险和可能产生的危害程度,将其划分为三个管理类别,采取不同程度的控制措施。

Class I一般监管这类器械只需经过一般监管就可以确保其功效与安全性,如拐杖、眼镜片、胶布等。

一般监管的内容包括:禁止粗制滥造及不当标示的产品销售、不良产品限制或禁止销售和使用的规定、有关通知消费者和修理、更换、补偿金等售后服务的规定、GMP要求和制造商、进口商及分销商的企业注册与产品登记等。

划入Class II及Class III的器械同样要遵守以上要求。

Class II一般监管和特别监管II 类医疗器械是指单独依靠医疗器械的一般监管不足以确保医疗器械的安全性和有效性,而采取一些例如强制执行性能标准等特殊管理措施以提供相应的保证。

此类产品包含医用手套、电动轮椅、助听器、血压计、诊疗导管等。

II类器械除了遵守医疗器械的一般监管规定外,还须符合FDA所规定的特别要求或行业公认的标准等。

针对21CFRPart820法规的讲解

针对21CFRPart820法规的讲解

针对21 CFR Part 820法规的讲解一、FDA的定义FDA(U.S. Food and Drug Administration)的简称,即美国食品药品监督管理局。

它是健康与人类服务部下属的一个机构,由各个中心、办公室、地区办公室以及海外办公室组成。

二、联邦法规条例,第21册相关法规说明21 CFR Part 11 电子签名、电子记录(FDA检查时尽量避免给电子档文件)。

21 CFR Part 71.73.74.80 颜色添加剂。

21 CFR Part 58 良好的实验室规范。

21 CFR Part 50 受试者的保护。

21 CFR Part 801 医疗器械标识。

21 CFR Part 807 注册、列示、510(K)510(K)主要是针对产品的许可,包括了产品的生产商、配件生产商、一级销售商,任何一个独立地址的生产厂都必须向FDA注册。

列示:是指针对销售美国的所有产品都要列示。

21 CFR Part 814 上市前许可。

21 CFR Part 803 医疗器械报告。

21 CFR Part 806 纠正与移除。

21 CFR Part 820 质量体系法规。

21 CFR Part 821 医疗器械追踪。

三、第820部分质量体系法规条款框架(共15部分,31章节)(a)适用性(b)法规说明820.1范围(c)权威性(d)外国制造商A部分总则(e)豁免或改变820.3定义820.5质量体系(a)质量方针(1)职责和权限(b)组织(2)资源820.30管理职责(c)管理评审(3)管理者代表B部分质量体系要求820.22质量审核(d)质量策划(e)质量体系程序820.25人员(a)总则(b)培训(a)总则(b)设计和开发策划(c)设计输入(d)设计输出(e)设计评审C部分设计控制----- 820.30设计控制(f)设计验证(g)设计确认(h)设计转换(i)设计更改(j)设计历史文档(a)文件批准和分发D部分文件控制----- 820.40文件控制(b)文件更改(a)采购、承包方和顾问的评价E部分采购控制----- 820.50采购控制(b)采购资料820.60标识F部分标识和可追溯性820.65 可追溯性(a)总则(b)生产和过程更改(c)环境控制(d)人员820.70 生产和过程控制(e)污染控制(f)建筑物1)维护计划(g)设备(2)检查(h)制造物料(3)调整(i)自动化过程G部分生产和过程控制(a)检验、测量和试验装置控制820.72校验、测量和试验装置(1)校准标准(b)校准(2)校准记录820.75过程确认(a)总则(b)进货验收活动820.80 进货、过程中和成品(c)过程中验收活动器械的验收(d)最终验收活动H部分验收活动(e)验收记录820.86 验收状态(a)不合格产品控制I部分不合格产品------ 820.90 不合格产品(b)不合格评审和处置J部分纠正和预防措施----820.100纠正和预防措施(a)标签完整性(b)标记检验820.120 器械标识(c)标识存储K部分标识和包装控制(d)标签作业820.130 器械包装(e)控制号820.140 搬运(a)对存储区规定文件820.150 存储L部分搬运、存储、分销和包装820.160 分销(b)物料收发方法规定文件820.170 安装(a)机密性820.180 通用要求(b)记录保存期限(1)管理评审(c)例外(2)质量审核(a)器械规范(3)供方审核(b)生产过程规范820.181 器械主记录(c)质量保证程序和规范(d)包装和标识规范(e)安装、维护和服务程序及方法(a)制造日期M部分记录(b)制造数量820.184器械的历史记录(c)放行分销的数量(d)验收记录(e)器械上的主要标签和标识记录(f)器械唯一标识UDI和产品代码UPC820.186 质量体系记录1、抱怨接收流程820.198 抱怨文档2、抱怨评估流程3、抱怨审核流程N部分服务----- 820.200 服务O部分统计技术----- 820.250 统计技术。

美国法典简介-21 CFR结构内容

美国法典简介-21 CFR结构内容

21 CFR结构内容在美国,参议员或众议员每年都会提出很多议案(bill)。

议案交由委员会审议修订,然后在国会议院投票,一院投票通过后,送交另一院,两院通过后交总统签署;若总统不否决,或虽否决但经两院2/3议员重新通过,即正式成为法律(law)。

法律规定了基本的准则,并由联邦政府执行机构根据具体的法规(Regulation)来执行。

《美国联邦法规》(Code of FederalRegulations, CFR)是将发表在“联邦公报(Federal Register, FR)”的一般性和永久性法规集合成册的法规典籍。

CFR的法规涵盖各方面主题,其中第21篇“食品与药品”就是美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and DrugAdministration, FDA)管理食品和药品的主要法规依据。

所谓知己知彼,百战不殆。

做好国际药品注册,需要从其法规源头入手。

本文带大家了解并熟悉CFR,尤其是第21篇“食品与药品”的结构以及内容。

1. CFR的结构与分类CFR共50篇(title),代表联邦法规涉及的领域和调整对象,有些篇有分篇(subtitle);按前后顺序排列分别是:总则、保留、总统、会计、行政人事、保留、农业、外国人与公民、动物与动物产品、能源、联邦选举、银行金融、商业信用与资助、航空与航天、商业与外贸、商业实践、商品与证券交易、电力,水力资源保护、关税、雇员利益、食品与药品、对外关系、公路、住宅与城市发展、印第安人、国内收入、烟,酒产品与军火、司法行政、劳动、矿产资源、财政金融、国家防御、航运与可航水域、教育、巴拿马运河、公园,森林和公共财产、专利,商标与版权、抚恤金,津贴和老兵救助、邮政服务、环境保护、公共合同与财产管理、公共卫生、公共土地、抢险救灾、公共福利、航运、电讯、联邦收购规则系统、交通、野生动物与渔业。

每篇分为若干章(chapter),通常以法规颁发机构的名称为标题,有的章还分为分章(subchapter);每章包含特定的法规领域的若干部分(part),有的部分由于内容多,又分为分部(subpart)。

为什么生物医药软件要遵守FDA 21 CFR Part 11

为什么生物医药软件要遵守FDA 21 CFR Part 11

21CFR(Code of Federal Regulations,Title21Food and Drugs)是美国于1997年颁布的关于食品与药品的法规,并于2003年颁布相关行业指南来细化有关规则。

换言之,整个21CFR其实就是美国联邦法律中关于食品和药品的部分,属于美国FDA管辖的范围,内容包括Part1到Part1499。

人们耳熟能详的一些规范,例如GLP、GCP和GMP等都属21CFR。

而21CFR Part11则是指美国联邦法规第21章第11款,主要内容涉及电子记录和电子签名。

在该规定中,电子记录被认为具有与书面记录和手写签名同等的效力。

医疗、制药、检测检验以及食品生产相关的软件系统,如果要加入到美国的GMP、GLP、GSP等质量管理体系中,必须符合21CFR Part11。

21CFR Part11分为3章,分别是:为什么大家都遵循21CFR Part11?作为美国的法规,21CFR Part11被美国的生物医药企业、医院、研究所和实验室广泛接受并遵照执行,美国作为全球生物医药产业最主要组成部分其影响力巨大,当他国生产制造的药物、生物医药相关设备或者信息系统需要销售到美国时都必须符合21CFR Part11的规定。

如违反,FDA可以依法剥夺这些产品销售到美国的权利。

21CFR Part11从1997年颁布以来已被推广至全球,虽然没有强制性,但被欧洲、亚洲等地区普遍接受和使用。

其他国家对电子记录和电子签名也会颁布类似的法规,但多以21CFR Part11作为参考指导。

计算机系统验证与21CFR Part11之间的关系不管是否使用电子签名,企业只要在GxP环境下使用计算机系统创建电子记录,就不能脱离Part11的规定。

所有所涉及到的计算机系统都必须有技术措施和管理措施以保证达到下面4项要求:1、生成准确的记录并且对其完整备份的能力,保证数据完整性的延续性;2、带时间印记的审计跟踪记录的可用性;3、记录的保存,对记录进行保护以确保记录准确并且随时能查阅;4、合适的系统访问和身份检查机制,即限制性访问措施。

21 CFR 820 美国FDA,质量体系(QS)法规医疗器械良好生产规范(英文),2020年5月最新版

21 CFR 820 美国FDA,质量体系(QS)法规医疗器械良好生产规范(英文),2020年5月最新版

TITLE21--FOOD AND DRUGSCHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIONDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESSUBCHAPTER H--MEDICAL DEVICESPART820QUALITY SYSTEM REGULATIONSubpart A--General ProvisionsSec.820.1Scope.(a)Applicability.(1)Current good manufacturing practice(CGMP)requirements are set forth in this quality system regulation.The requirements in this part govern the methods used in,and the facilities and controls used for,the design, manufacture,packaging,labeling,storage,installation,and servicing of all finished devices intended for human use.The requirements in this part are intended to ensure that finished devices will be safe and effective and otherwise in compliance with the Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act(the act).This part establishes basic requirements applicable to manufacturers of finished medical devices.If a manufacturer engages in only some operations subject to the requirements in this part,and not in others,that manufacturer need only comply with those requirements applicable to the operations in which it is engaged.With respect to class I devices,design controls apply only to those devices listed in820.30(a)(2). This regulation does not apply to manufacturers of components or parts of finished devices,but such manufacturers are encouraged to use appropriate provisions of this regulation as guidance.Manufacturers of blood and blood components used for transfusion or for further manufacturing are not subject to this part,but are subject to subchapter F of this chapter.Manufacturers of human cells,tissues,and cellular and tissue-based products(HCT/Ps),as defined in1271.3(d)of this chapter,that are medical devices(subject to premarket review or notification,or exempt from notification,under an application submitted under the device provisions of the act or under a biological product license application under section351of the Public Health Service Act)are subject to this part and are also subject to the donor-eligibility procedures set forth in part1271subpart C of this chapter and applicable current good tissue practice procedures in part1271subpart D of this chapter.In the event of a conflict between applicable regulations in part1271and in other parts of this chapter, the regulation specifically applicable to the device in question shall supersede the more general.(2)The provisions of this part shall be applicable to any finished device as defined in this part,intended for human use, that is manufactured,imported,or offered for import in any State or Territory of the United States,the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.(3)In this regulation the term"where appropriate"is used several times.When a requirement is qualified by"where appropriate,"it is deemed to be"appropriate"unless the manufacturer can document justification otherwise.A requirement is"appropriate"if nonimplementation could reasonably be expected to result in the product not meeting its specified requirements or the manufacturer not being able to carry out any necessary corrective action.(b)The quality system regulation in this part supplements regulations in other parts of this chapter except where explicitly stated otherwise.In the event of a conflict between applicable regulations in this part and in other parts of this chapter, the regulations specifically applicable to the device in question shall supersede any other generally applicable requirements.(c)Authority.Part820is established and issued under authority of sections501,502,510,513,514,515,518,519,520, 522,701,704,801,803of the act(21U.S.C.351,352,360,360c,360d,360e,360h,360i,360j,360l,371,374,381,383). The failure to comply with any applicable provision in this part renders a device adulterated under section501(h)of the act. Such a device,as well as any person responsible for the failure to comply,is subject to regulatory action.(d)Foreign manufacturers.If a manufacturer who offers devices for import into the United States refuses to permit orallow the completion of a Food and Drug Administration(FDA)inspection of the foreign facility for the purpose of determining compliance with this part,it shall appear for purposes of section801(a)of the act,that the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for,the design,manufacture,packaging,labeling,storage,installation,or servicing of any devices produced at such facility that are offered for import into the United States do not conform to the requirements of section520(f)of the act and this part and that the devices manufactured at that facility are adulterated under section 501(h)of the act.(e)Exemptions or variances.(1)Any person who wishes to petition for an exemption or variance from any device quality system requirement is subject to the requirements of section520(f)(2)of the act.Petitions for an exemption or variance shall be submitted according to the procedures set forth in10.30of this chapter,the FDA's administrative procedures. Guidance is available from the Food and Drug Administration,Center for Devices and Radiological Health,Division of Small Manufacturers,International and Consumer Assistance,10903New Hampshire Ave.,Bldg.66,rm.4613,Silver Spring,MD 20993-0002,1-800-638-2041or301-796-7100,FAX:301-847-8149.(2)FDA may initiate and grant a variance from any device quality system requirement when the agency determines that such variance is in the best interest of the public health.Such variance will remain in effect only so long as there remains a public health need for the device and the device would not likely be made sufficiently available without the variance.[61FR52654,Oct.7,1996,as amended at65FR17136,Mar.31,2000;65FR66636,Nov.7,2000;69FR29829,May25, 2005;72FR17399,Apr.9,2007;75FR20915,Apr.22,2010;80FR29906,May22,2015]Sec.820.3Definitions.(a)Act means the Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act,as amended(secs.201-903,52Stat.1040et seq.,as amended(21 U.S.C.321-394)).All definitions in section201of the act shall apply to the regulations in this part.(b)Complaint means any written,electronic,or oral communication that alleges deficiencies related to the identity,quality, durability,reliability,safety,effectiveness,or performance of a device after it is released for distribution.(c)Component means any raw material,substance,piece,part,software,firmware,labeling,or assembly which is intended to be included as part of the finished,packaged,and labeled device.(d)Control number means any distinctive symbols,such as a distinctive combination of letters or numbers,or both,from which the history of the manufacturing,packaging,labeling,and distribution of a unit,lot,or batch of finished devices can be determined.(e)Design history file(DHF)means a compilation of records which describes the design history of a finished device.(f)Design input means the physical and performance requirements of a device that are used as a basis for device design.(g)Design output means the results of a design effort at each design phase and at the end of the total design effort.The finished design output is the basis for the device master record.The total finished design output consists of the device,its packaging and labeling,and the device master record.(h)Design review means a documented,comprehensive,systematic examination of a design to evaluate the adequacy of the design requirements,to evaluate the capability of the design to meet these requirements,and to identify problems. (i)Device history record(DHR)means a compilation of records containing the production history of a finished device. (j)Device master record(DMR)means a compilation of records containing the procedures and specifications for a finisheddevice.(k)Establish means define,document(in writing or electronically),and implement.(l)Finished device means any device or accessory to any device that is suitable for use or capable of functioning,whether or not it is packaged,labeled,or sterilized.(m)Lot or batch means one or more components or finished devices that consist of a single type,model,class,size, composition,or software version that are manufactured under essentially the same conditions and that are intended to have uniform characteristics and quality within specified limits.(n)Management with executive responsibility means those senior employees of a manufacturer who have the authority to establish or make changes to the manufacturer's quality policy and quality system.(o)Manufacturer means any person who designs,manufactures,fabricates,assembles,or processes a finished device. Manufacturer includes but is not limited to those who perform the functions of contract sterilization,installation, relabeling,remanufacturing,repacking,or specification development,and initial distributors of foreign entities performing these functions.(p)Manufacturing material means any material or substance used in or used to facilitate the manufacturing process,a concomitant constituent,or a byproduct constituent produced during the manufacturing process,which is present in or on the finished device as a residue or impurity not by design or intent of the manufacturer.(q)Nonconformity means the nonfulfillment of a specified requirement.(r)Product means components,manufacturing materials,in-process devices,finished devices,and returned devices.(s)Quality means the totality of features and characteristics that bear on the ability of a device to satisfy fitness-for-use, including safety and performance.(t)Quality audit means a systematic,independent examination of a manufacturer's quality system that is performed at defined intervals and at sufficient frequency to determine whether both quality system activities and the results of such activities comply with quality system procedures,that these procedures are implemented effectively,and that these procedures are suitable to achieve quality system objectives.(u)Quality policy means the overall intentions and direction of an organization with respect to quality,as established by management with executive responsibility.(v)Quality system means the organizational structure,responsibilities,procedures,processes,and resources for implementing quality management.(w)Remanufacturer means any person who processes,conditions,renovates,repackages,restores,or does any other act to a finished device that significantly changes the finished device's performance or safety specifications,or intended use.(x)Rework means action taken on a nonconforming product so that it will fulfill the specified DMR requirements before it is released for distribution.(y)Specification means any requirement with which a product,process,service,or other activity must conform.(z)Validation means confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements fora specific intended use can be consistently fulfilled.(1)Process validation means establishing by objective evidence that a process consistently produces a result or product meeting its predetermined specifications.(2)Design validation means establishing by objective evidence that device specifications conform with user needs and intended use(s).(aa)Verification means confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled.(bb)Human cell,tissue,or cellular or tissue-based product(HCT/P)regulated as a device means an HCT/P as defined in 1271.3(d)of this chapter that does not meet the criteria in1271.10(a)and that is also regulated as a device.(cc)Unique device identifier(UDI)means an identifier that adequately identifies a device through its distribution and use by meeting the requirements of830.20of this chapter.A unique device identifier is composed of:(1)A device identifier--a mandatory,fixed portion of a UDI that identifies the specific version or model of a device and the labeler of that device;and(2)A production identifier--a conditional,variable portion of a UDI that identifies one or more of the following when included on the label of the device:(i)The lot or batch within which a device was manufactured;(ii)The serial number of a specific device;(iii)The expiration date of a specific device;(iv)The date a specific device was manufactured.(v)For an HCT/P regulated as a device,the distinct identification code required by1271.290(c)of this chapter.(dd)Universal product code(UPC)means the product identifier used to identify an item sold at retail in the United States. [61FR52654,Oct.7,1996,as amended at78FR58822,Sept.24,2013]Sec.820.5Quality system.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain a quality system that is appropriate for the specific medical device(s) designed or manufactured,and that meets the requirements of this part.Subpart B--Quality System RequirementsSec.820.20Management responsibility.(a)Quality policy.Management with executive responsibility shall establish its policy and objectives for,and commitment to,quality.Management with executive responsibility shall ensure that the quality policy is understood,implemented,and maintained at all levels of the organization.(b)Organization.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain an adequate organizational structure to ensure that devices are designed and produced in accordance with the requirements of this part.(1)Responsibility and authority.Each manufacturer shall establish the appropriate responsibility,authority,and interrelation of all personnel who manage,perform,and assess work affecting quality,and provide the independence and authority necessary to perform these tasks.(2)Resources.Each manufacturer shall provide adequate resources,including the assignment of trained personnel,for management,performance of work,and assessment activities,including internal quality audits,to meet the requirements of this part.(3)Management representative.Management with executive responsibility shall appoint,and document such appointment of,a member of management who,irrespective of other responsibilities,shall have established authority over and responsibility for:(i)Ensuring that quality system requirements are effectively established and effectively maintained in accordance with this part;and(ii)Reporting on the performance of the quality system to management with executive responsibility for review.(c)Management review.Management with executive responsibility shall review the suitability and effectiveness of the quality system at defined intervals and with sufficient frequency according to established procedures to ensure that the quality system satisfies the requirements of this part and the manufacturer's established quality policy and objectives.The dates and results of quality system reviews shall be documented.(d)Quality planning.Each manufacturer shall establish a quality plan which defines the quality practices,resources,and activities relevant to devices that are designed and manufactured.The manufacturer shall establish how the requirements for quality will be met.(e)Quality system procedures.Each manufacturer shall establish quality system procedures and instructions.An outline of the structure of the documentation used in the quality system shall be established where appropriate.Sec.820.22Quality audit.Each manufacturer shall establish procedures for quality audits and conduct such audits to assure that the quality system is in compliance with the established quality system requirements and to determine the effectiveness of the quality system. Quality audits shall be conducted by individuals who do not have direct responsibility for the matters being audited. Corrective action(s),including a reaudit of deficient matters,shall be taken when necessary.A report of the results of each quality audit,and reaudit(s)where taken,shall be made and such reports shall be reviewed by management having responsibility for the matters audited.The dates and results of quality audits and reaudits shall be documented.Sec.820.25Personnel.(a)General.Each manufacturer shall have sufficient personnel with the necessary education,background,training,and experience to assure that all activities required by this part are correctly performed.(b)Training.Each manufacturer shall establish procedures for identifying training needs and ensure that all personnel are trained to adequately perform their assigned responsibilities.Training shall be documented.(1)As part of their training,personnel shall be made aware of device defects which may occur from the improper performance of their specific jobs.(2)Personnel who perform verification and validation activities shall be made aware of defects and errors that may be encountered as part of their job functions.Subpart C--Design ControlsSec.820.30Design controls.(a)General.(1)Each manufacturer of any class III or class II device,and the class I devices listed in paragraph(a)(2)of this section,shall establish and maintain procedures to control the design of the device in order to ensure that specified design requirements are met.(2)The following class I devices are subject to design controls:(i)Devices automated with computer software;and(ii)The devices listed in the following chart.Section Device868.6810Catheter,Tracheobronchial Suction.878.4460Glove,Surgeon's.880.6760Restraint,Protective.892.5650System,Applicator,Radionuclide,Manual.892.5740Source,Radionuclide Teletherapy.(b)Design and development planning.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain plans that describe or reference the design and development activities and define responsibility for implementation.The plans shall identify and describe the interfaces with different groups or activities that provide,or result in,input to the design and development process.The plans shall be reviewed,updated,and approved as design and development evolves.(c)Design input.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that the design requirements relating to a device are appropriate and address the intended use of the device,including the needs of the user and patient.The procedures shall include a mechanism for addressing incomplete,ambiguous,or conflicting requirements.The design input requirements shall be documented and shall be reviewed and approved by a designated individual(s).The approval,including the date and signature of the individual(s)approving the requirements,shall be documented.(d)Design output.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures for defining and documenting design output in terms that allow an adequate evaluation of conformance to design input requirements.Design output procedures shall contain or make reference to acceptance criteria and shall ensure that those design outputs that are essential for the proper functioning of the device are identified.Design output shall be documented,reviewed,and approved before release.The approval,including the date and signature of the individual(s)approving the output,shall be documented. (e)Design review.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that formal documented reviews of the design results are planned and conducted at appropriate stages of the device's design development.The procedures shall ensure that participants at each design review include representatives of all functions concerned with the design stage being reviewed and an individual(s)who does not have direct responsibility for the design stage being reviewed,as well as any specialists needed.The results of a design review,including identification of the design,the date,and the individual(s)performing the review,shall be documented in the design history file(the DHF).(f)Design verification.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures for verifying the device design.Design verification shall confirm that the design output meets the design input requirements.The results of the design verification,including identification of the design,method(s),the date,and the individual(s)performing the verification,shall be documented in the DHF.(g)Design validation.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures for validating the device design.Design validation shall be performed under defined operating conditions on initial production units,lots,or batches,or their equivalents.Design validation shall ensure that devices conform to defined user needs and intended uses and shall include testing of production units under actual or simulated use conditions.Design validation shall include software validation and risk analysis,where appropriate.The results of the design validation,including identification of the design,method(s), the date,and the individual(s)performing the validation,shall be documented in the DHF.(h)Design transfer.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that the device design is correctly translated into production specifications.(i)Design changes.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures for the identification,documentation, validation or where appropriate verification,review,and approval of design changes before their implementation.(j)Design history file.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain a DHF for each type of device.The DHF shall contain or reference the records necessary to demonstrate that the design was developed in accordance with the approved design plan and the requirements of this part.Subpart D--Document ControlsSec.820.40Document controls.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to control all documents that are required by this part.The procedures shall provide for the following:(a)Document approval and distribution.Each manufacturer shall designate an individual(s)to review for adequacy and approve prior to issuance all documents established to meet the requirements of this part.The approval,including the date and signature of the individual(s)approving the document,shall be documented.Documents established to meet the requirements of this part shall be available at all locations for which they are designated,used,or otherwise necessary, and all obsolete documents shall be promptly removed from all points of use or otherwise prevented from unintended use.(b)Document changes.Changes to documents shall be reviewed and approved by an individual(s)in the same function or organization that performed the original review and approval,unless specifically designated otherwise.Approved changes shall be communicated to the appropriate personnel in a timely manner.Each manufacturer shall maintain records of changes to documents.Change records shall include a description of the change,identification of the affected documents, the signature of the approving individual(s),the approval date,and when the change becomes effective.Subpart E--Purchasing ControlsSec.820.50Purchasing controls.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that all purchased or otherwise received product and services conform to specified requirements.(a)Evaluation of suppliers,contractors,and consultants.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain the requirements, including quality requirements,that must be met by suppliers,contractors,and consultants.Each manufacturer shall: (1)Evaluate and select potential suppliers,contractors,and consultants on the basis of their ability to meet specifiedrequirements,including quality requirements.The evaluation shall be documented.(2)Define the type and extent of control to be exercised over the product,services,suppliers,contractors,and consultants, based on the evaluation results.(3)Establish and maintain records of acceptable suppliers,contractors,and consultants.(b)Purchasing data.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain data that clearly describe or reference the specified requirements,including quality requirements,for purchased or otherwise received product and services.Purchasing documents shall include,where possible,an agreement that the suppliers,contractors,and consultants agree to notify the manufacturer of changes in the product or service so that manufacturers may determine whether the changes may affect the quality of a finished device.Purchasing data shall be approved in accordance with820.40.Subpart F--Identification and TraceabilitySec.820.60Identification.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures for identifying product during all stages of receipt,production, distribution,and installation to prevent mixups.Sec.820.65Traceability.Each manufacturer of a device that is intended for surgical implant into the body or to support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user shall establish and maintain procedures for identifying with a control number each unit,lot,or batch of finished devices and where appropriate components.The procedures shall facilitate corrective action.Such identification shall be documented in the DHR.Subpart G--Production and Process ControlsSec.820.70Production and process controls.(a)General.Each manufacturer shall develop,conduct,control,and monitor production processes to ensure that a device conforms to its specifications.Where deviations from device specifications could occur as a result of the manufacturing process,the manufacturer shall establish and maintain process control procedures that describe any process controls necessary to ensure conformance to specifications.Where process controls are needed they shall include:(1)Documented instructions,standard operating procedures(SOP's),and methods that define and control the manner of production;(2)Monitoring and control of process parameters and component and device characteristics during production;(3)Compliance with specified reference standards or codes;(4)The approval of processes and process equipment;and(5)Criteria for workmanship which shall be expressed in documented standards or by means of identified and approved representative samples.(b)Production and process changes.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures for changes to a specification,method,process,or procedure.Such changes shall be verified or where appropriate validated according to 820.75,before implementation and these activities shall be documented.Changes shall be approved in accordance with820.40.(c)Environmental control.Where environmental conditions could reasonably be expected to have an adverse effect on product quality,the manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to adequately control these environmental conditions.Environmental control system(s)shall be periodically inspected to verify that the system,including necessary equipment,is adequate and functioning properly.These activities shall be documented and reviewed.(d)Personnel.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain requirements for the health,cleanliness,personal practices, and clothing of personnel if contact between such personnel and product or environment could reasonably be expected to have an adverse effect on product quality.The manufacturer shall ensure that maintenance and other personnel who are required to work temporarily under special environmental conditions are appropriately trained or supervised by a trained individual.(e)Contamination control.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to prevent contamination of equipment or product by substances that could reasonably be expected to have an adverse effect on product quality.(f)Buildings.Buildings shall be of suitable design and contain sufficient space to perform necessary operations,prevent mixups,and assure orderly handling.(g)Equipment.Each manufacturer shall ensure that all equipment used in the manufacturing process meets specified requirements and is appropriately designed,constructed,placed,and installed to facilitate maintenance,adjustment, cleaning,and use.(1)Maintenance schedule.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain schedules for the adjustment,cleaning,and other maintenance of equipment to ensure that manufacturing specifications are met.Maintenance activities,including the date and individual(s)performing the maintenance activities,shall be documented.(2)Inspection.Each manufacturer shall conduct periodic inspections in accordance with established procedures to ensure adherence to applicable equipment maintenance schedules.The inspections,including the date and individual(s) conducting the inspections,shall be documented.(3)Adjustment.Each manufacturer shall ensure that any inherent limitations or allowable tolerances are visibly posted on or near equipment requiring periodic adjustments or are readily available to personnel performing these adjustments. (h)Manufacturing material.Where a manufacturing material could reasonably be expected to have an adverse effect on product quality,the manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures for the use and removal of such manufacturing material to ensure that it is removed or limited to an amount that does not adversely affect the device's quality.The removal or reduction of such manufacturing material shall be documented.(i)Automated processes.When computers or automated data processing systems are used as part of production or the quality system,the manufacturer shall validate computer software for its intended use according to an established protocol.All software changes shall be validated before approval and issuance.These validation activities and results shall be documented.Sec.820.72Inspection,measuring,and test equipment.(a)Control of inspection,measuring,and test equipment.Each manufacturer shall ensure that all inspection,measuring, and test equipment,including mechanical,automated,or electronic inspection and test equipment,is suitable for its intended purposes and is capable of producing valid results.Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that equipment is routinely calibrated,inspected,checked,and maintained.The procedures shall include provisions。

美国食品法规 CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21

美国食品法规 CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21

New Search Help 6 | More About 21CFR 7[Code of Federal Regulations][Title 21, Volume 2][Revised as of April 1, 2013][CITE: 21CFR110.10]TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGSCHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIONDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESSUBCHAPTER B--FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTIONPART 110 -- CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE IN MANUFACTURING, PACKING,OR HOLDING HUMAN FOODSubpart A--General ProvisionsSec. 110.10 Personnel.The plant management shall take all reasonable measures and precautions toensure the following:(a)Disease control. Any person who, by medical examination or supervisoryobservation, is shown to have, or appears to have, an illness, open lesion,including boils, sores, or infected wounds, or any other abnormal source ofmicrobial contamination by which there is a reasonable possibility of food,food-contact surfaces, or food-packaging materials becoming contaminated,shall be excluded from any operations which may be expected to result insuch contamination until the condition is corrected. Personnel shall beinstructed to report such health conditions to their supervisors.(b)Cleanliness. All persons working in direct contact with food, food-contact surfaces, and food-packaging materials shall conform to hygienicpractices while on duty to the extent necessary to protect againstcontamination of food. The methods for maintaining cleanliness include, butare not limited to:(1) Wearing outer garments suitable to the operation in a manner thatprotects against the contamination of food, food-contact surfaces, or food-packaging materials.(2) Maintaining adequate personal cleanliness.(3) Washing hands thoroughly (and sanitizing if necessary to protectagainst contamination with undesirable microorganisms) in an adequate hand-washing facility before starting work, after each absence from the workstation, and at any other time when the hands may have become soiled orcontaminated.(4) Removing all unsecured jewelry and other objects that might fall intofood, equipment, or containers, and removing hand jewelry that cannot beadequately sanitized during periods in which food is manipulated by hand.If such hand jewelry cannot be removed, it may be covered by material whichcan be maintained in an intact, clean, and sanitary condition and whicheffectively protects against the contamination by these objects of thefood, food-contact surfaces, or food-packaging materials.CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21FDA Home 3 Medical Devices 4 Databases 5(5) Maintaining gloves, if they are used in food handling, in an intact,clean, and sanitary condition. The gloves should be of an impermeablematerial.(6) Wearing, where appropriate, in an effective manner, hair nets,headbands, caps, beard covers, or other effective hair restraints.(7) Storing clothing or other personal belongings in areas other than wherefood is exposed or where equipment or utensils are washed.(8) Confining the following to areas other than where food may be exposedor where equipment or utensils are washed: eating food, chewing gum,drinking beverages, or using tobacco.(9) Taking any other necessary precautions to protect against contaminationof food, food-contact surfaces, or food-packaging materials withmicroorganisms or foreign substances including, but not limited to,perspiration, hair, cosmetics, tobacco, chemicals, and medicines applied tothe skin.(c)Education and training. Personnel responsible for identifying sanitationfailures or food contamination should have a background of education orexperience, or a combination thereof, to provide a level of competencynecessary for production of clean and safe food. Food handlers andsupervisors should receive appropriate training in proper food handlingtechniques and food-protection principles and should be informed of thedanger of poor personal hygiene and insanitary practices.(d)Supervision. Responsibility for assuring compliance by all personnelwith all requirements of this part shall be clearly assigned to competentsupervisory personnel.[51 FR 22475, June 19, 1986, as amended at 54 FR 24892, June 12, 1989]Links on this page:1. /bookmark.php?u508=true&v=152&username=fdamain2. /bookmark.php3. /default.htm4. /MedicalDevices/default.htm5. /MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/Databases/default.htm6. /scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/search/default.cfm?FAQ=true7. /MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/Databases/ucm135680.htmPage Last Updated: 04/01/2013Note: If you need help accessing information in different file formats, see Instructions for Downloading Viewers and Players.Accessibility Contact FDA Careers FDA Basics FOIA No Fear Act Site Map Transparency Website PoliciesU.S. Food and Drug Administration10903 New Hampshire AvenueSilver Spring, MD 20993Ph. 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332)Email FDAFor Government For PressCombination Products Advisory Committees Science & Research Regulatory Information Safety Emergency Preparedness International Programs News & Events Training and Continuing EducationInspections/Compliance State & Local Officials Consumers Industry Health Professionals FDA ArchiveLinks on this page:1. /bookmark.php?u508=true&v=152&username=fdamain2. /bookmark.php3. /default.htm4. /MedicalDevices/default.htm5. /MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/Databases/default.htm6. /scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/search/default.cfm?FAQ=true7. /MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/Databases/ucm135680.htm。

美国良好操作规范(GMP—21CFR Part 111)【可编辑范本】

美国良好操作规范(GMP—21CFR Part 111)【可编辑范本】

[联邦法规][Title 21,Volume 2][标题21,第2卷][Revised asof April1,2008][日期为2008年4月1日][CITE: 21CFR111] [引用:21CFR111]TITLE 21-—FOOD ANDDRUGS标题21—食品和药物CHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUGADMINISTRATION 第一章—食品和药物管理局DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANDHUMAN SERVICES部卫生与公众服务SUBCHAPTER B--FOOD FOR HUMAN CON SUMPTION 子章节B组—人类食用的食物PART111 第111 CURRENT GOODMANUFACTURING PRACTICEIN MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING, LABELING, OR HOLDING OPERA TIONSFORDIETARY SUPPLEMENTS现行良好操作规范在制造,包装,标签,或对食品补充剂控股作业Subpart A--GeneralProvisions子部分-一般规定Sec. 秒。

111.1Whois subject to this part? 111.1谁是受这部分?(a) Except asprovided by paragraph (b) of this section, youare subject to this part ifyou manufacture, package,label, or hold a dietary supplement,including:(一)除提供段(二本节),你必须遵守, 如果你这部分的制造,包装,标签,或持有饮食的补充,其中包括:(1) A dietary supplement you manufacture but thatis packaged or labeled by another person;and (1)膳食补充剂,但你制造的包装物或由他人标记;及(2) A dietary supplement imported oroffered forimportin any Stateorterritory of the United States, the Districtof Columbia,or the Commonwealth of PuertoRico. (2)膳食补充剂进口或在任何国家或美国境内的进口提供,哥伦比亚特区,或波多黎各联邦.(b)The requirementspertaining to holdin gdietary supplementsdonotapply toyou ifyou are holding those dietary supplements ata retail establishmentfor the sole purpos eofdirect retail sale to individual consumer s。

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TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGSCHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIONDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES1. General enforcement regulations2. General administrative rulings3. Product jurisdiction5. Organization7. Enforcement policy10. Administrative practices and procedures11. Format evidentiary public hearing12. Formal evidentiary a public hearing13. Public hearing before a public board of inquiry14. Public hearing before a public advisory committee15. Public hearing before the commissioner16. Regulatory hearing before the food and drug administration17. Civil money penalties hearings19. Standards of conduct and conflicts of interest20. Public information21. Protection of privacy25. Environmental impact considerations26. Mutual recognition of pharmaceutical good manufacturing prac50. Protection of human subjects54. Financial disclosure by clinical investigators56. Institutional review boards58. Good laboratory practice for nonclinical laboratory studies60. Patent term restoration70. Color additives71. Color additive petitions73. Listing of color additives exempt from certification74. Listing of color additives subject to certification80. Color additive certification81. General specifications and general restrictions for provision82. Listing of certified provisionally listed colors and specifications83-98 Reserved99 Dissemination of information on unapproved/new uses for mark100 General101 Food labeling102 Common or usual name for nonstandardized foods104 Nutritional quality guidelines for foods105 Foods for special dietary use106 Infant formula quality control procedures107 Infant formula108 Emergency permit control109 Unavoidable contaminants in food for human consumption and110 Current good manufacturing practice in manufacturing, packing 111 Current good manufacturing practice in manufacturing, package 113 Thermally processed low-acid foods packaged in hermetically114 Acidified foods115 Shell eggs118 Production, storage, and transportation of shell eggs119 Dietary supplements that present a significant or unreasonable120 Hazard analysis and critical control point(haccp) systems123 Fish and fishery products129 Processing and bottling of bottled drinking water130 Food standards: general131 Milk and cream133 Cheeses and related cheese products135 Frozen desserts136 Bakery products137 Cereal flours and related products139 Macaroni and noodle products145 Canned fruits146 Canned fruit juices150 Fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products152 Fruit pies155 Canned vegetables156 Vegetable juices158 Frozen vegetables160 Eggs and egg products161 Fish and shellfish163 Cacao products164 Tree nut and peanut products165 Beverages166 Margarine168 Sweeteners and table syrups169 Food dressings and flavorings170 Food additives171 Food additives petitions172 Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human173 Secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human174 Indirect food additives: general175 Indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coating 176 Indirect food additives: paper and paperboard components177 Indirect food additives: polymers178 Indirect food additives: adjuvants, production aids, and179 Irradiation in the production, processing and handing of180 Food additives permitted in food or in contact with food on181 Prior-sanctioned food ingredients182 Substances generally recognized as safe184 Direct food substance affirmed as generally recognized as186 Indirect food substance affirmed as generally recognized as 189 Substances prohibited from use in human food190 Dietary supplements191-199 reserved200 General201 Labeling202 Prescription drug advertising203 Prescription drug marketing205 Guidelines for stat licensing of wholesale prescription drug206 Imprinting of solid oral dosage form drug products for human 207 Registration of producers of drugs and listing of drugs in208 Medication guides for prescription drug products209 Requirement for authorized dispensers and pharmacies to dist.. 210 Current good manufacturing practice in manufacturing, process 211 Current good manufacturing practice in finished pharmaceuti216 Pharmacy compounding225 Current good manufacturing practice for medicated feeds226 Current good manufacturing practice for type a medicated art… 250 Special requirements for specific human drugs290 Controlled drugs299 Drugs; official names and established names300 General310 New drugs312 Investigational new drug application314 Applications for FDA approval to market a new drug315 Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals316 Orphan drugs320 Bioavailability and bioequivalence requirements328 Over-the-counter drug products intended for oral ingestion330 Over-the-counter(otc) human drugs which are generally recognize331 Antacid products for over-the-counter(otc) human use332 Antiflatulent products for over-the-counter human use333 Topical antimicrobial drug products for Over-the-counter human335 Antidiarrheal drug products for over-the counter human use336 Antiemetic drug products for over-the-counter human use338 Nighttime sleep-aid drug products for over-the-counter human340 Stimulant drug products for over-the-counter human use341 Cold, cough, allergy, bronchodilator, and antiasthmatic drug343 Internal analgesic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic drug product344 Topical otic drug products for over-the-counter human use346 Anorectal drug products for over-the-counter human use347 Skin protectant drug products for over-the-counter use348 External analgesic drug products for over-the-counter human349 Ophthalmic drug products for over-the-counter human use350 Antiperspirant drug products for over-the-counter human use352 Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use [stay355 Anticaries drug products for over-the-counter human use357 Miscellaneous internal drug products for over-the-counter human use 358 Miscellaneous external drug products for over-the-counter human use 361 Prescription drugs for human use generally recognized as safe369 Interpretative statements re warnings on drugs and devices370-499 reserved500 General501 Animal food labeling502 Common or usual names for nonstandardized animal foods509 Unavoidable contaminants in animal food and food-packaging510 New animal drugs511 New animal drugs for investigational use514 New animal drugs applications515 Medicated feed mill license516 New animal drugs for minor use and minor species520 Oral dosage form new animal drugs522 Implantation or injectable dosage form new animal drugs524 Ophthalmic and topical dosage form new animal drugs526 Intramammary dosage forms528 New animal drugs in genetically engineered animals529 Certain other dosage form new animal drugs530 Extralabel drug use in animals556 New animal drugs for use in animal feeds564 reserved570 Food additives571 Food additive petitions573 Food additives permitted in feed and drinking water of animal 579 Irradiation in the production, processing, and handing of582 Substances generally recognized as safe584 Food substances generally recognized as safe589 Substances prohibited from use in animal food or feed590-599 reserved600 Biological products: general601 Licensing606 Current good manufacturing practice for blood and blood comp607 Establishment registration and product listing for manufacturers610 General biological products standards630 General requirements for blood, blood components, and blood640 Additional standards for human blood and blood products660 Additional standards for diagnostic substances for laborator680 Additional standards for miscellaneous products700 General701 Cosmetic labeling710 Voluntary registration of cosmetic product establishments720 Voluntary filing of cosmetic product ingredient composition740 Cosmetic product warning statements741-799 reserved800 General801 Labeling803 Medical device reporting806 Medical devices; reports of corrections and removals807 Establishment registration and device listing for manufacturer808 Exemptions from federal preemption of state and local medical809 In vitro diagnostic products for human use810 Medical device recall authority812 Investigational device exemptions813 reserved814 Premarket approval of medical devices820 Quality system regulation821 Medical device tracking requirements822 Postmarket surveillance860 Medical device classification procedures861 Procedures for performance standards development862 Clinical chemistry and clinical toxicology devices864 Hematology and pathology devices866 Immunology and microbiology devices868 Anesthesiology devices870 Cardiovascular devices872 Dental devices874 Ear, nose, and throat devices876 Gastroenterology-urology devices878 General and plastic surgery devices880 General hospital and personal use devices882 Neurological devices884 Obstetrical and gynecological devices886 Ophthalmic devices888 Orthopedic devices890 Physical medicine devices892 Radiology devices895 Banned devices898 Performance standard for electrode lead wires and patient900 Mammography1000 General1002 Records and reports1003 Notification of defects or failure to comply1004 Repurchase, repairs, or replacement of electronic products 1005 Importation of electronic products1010 Performance standards for electronic products: general1020 Performance standards for ionizing radiation emitting product 1030 Performance standards for microwave and radio frequency emit 1040 Performance standards for light-emitting products1050 Performance standards for sonic, infrasonic, and ultrasonic 1140 Cigarettes and smokeless tobacco1210 Regulations under the federal import milk act1230 Regulations under the federal caustic poison act1240 Control of communicable diseases1250 Interstate conveyance sanitation1251-1269 reserved1270 Human tissue intended for transplantation1271 Human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products 1272-1299 reserved1300 Definitions1301 Registration of manufacturers, distributors, and dispensers 1302 Labeling and packaging requirements for controlled substance 1303 Quotas1304 Records and reports of registrants1305 Orders for schedule I an ii controlled substances1306 Prescriptions1307 Miscellaneous1308 Schedules of controlled substances1309 Registration of manufacturers, distributors, importers and 1310 Records and reports of listed chemicals and certain machines 1311 Requirements for electronic orders and prescriptions1312 Importation and exportation of controlled substances1313 Importation and exportation of list I and ii chemicals1314 Retail sale of scheduled listed chemical products1315 Administrative functions, practices, and procedures1321 Dea mailing addresses1400 reserved1401 Public availability of information1402 Mandatory declassification review1403 Uniform administrative requirements for grants and cooperation 1404 Governmentwide debarment and suspension(nonprocurement)1405 Governmentwide requirements for drug-free workplace (financial) 1406-1499 reserved.。

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