3单元语法课

2. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever引导。 例：Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 Where there is a will , there is a way.
例： His father died the year (that／when／in whic生那年去世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that／where／which) he
lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
对比训练 1. ____ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy____ I was walking along the river. 3. ____ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as
everything, anything, nothing等
5) 先行词是who时
2．不用that的场合 1) 非限制性定语从句中 Last night, I saw a very good film, which was about the LongMarch. 2) 介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news.
目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句
一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。 从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位 于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
1.时间状语从句
时间状语从句通常由when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until 等引导。 例：Wait until you are called. 等着叫你吧。
to us all, he is good at physics. 众所周知，他很擅长物理。
(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/ believe这类结构中as不可换为which) Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那幢房子带一个漂亮的花园。
of words.
(2) whose指人或物，只做定语；若指物，可与of which互换。 例： They try to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) 句中出现了that，或先行词是that时
I have found that which I was looking for.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，
在从句中做状语。 1. when，where，why关系副词when，where，why的含义 相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which” 结构交替使用。介词后面的关系词不能省略。 例： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
先行词 关系词
关系代词
定语从句 关系副词 where, when， why
which, who, whom, whose, that
一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 (1) who，whom，that 代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词。 例： Is he the man who／that wants to see you?
当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，
He is the man whom／that I saw yesterday.
The man who helped you is Mr. White. That is the person (whom/who/that) you want to see. I’m not the fool (that) you thought me to be. A dictionary is a useful book which (＝that) tells us the meaning
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，
在从句中做状语。 1. when，where，why关系副词when，where，why的含义 相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which” 结构交替使用。介词后面的关系词不能省略。 例： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
unit 3 grammar focus
Clause
Which one is Harry Porter ?
定语从句
The boy _______________________ who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter .
( Attributive clause)
3. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
(1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后， 但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻 的含义，意思是“正如”，“就像”，多用正式文体。 例： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man.
四、只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1．只用that引导场合 1) 当先行词既包括人又包括物 2) 指物的先行词被any, very, only, very, all, no 等修饰 3) 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 4) 先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much及
This is the reason why (for which) he refused our offer．
这就是他拒绝我们的帮助理由。
状语从句 (adverbial clause)
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。
它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个
句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、
Now that you have come, we will interview you in a minute.
既然你来了，我们一会儿面试你。
We will leave the minute you are ready.
你准备好了我们就走。
2)while, when, as辨析
While引导的时间状语从句只指一段时间，强调
(3) which，that所代替的先行词是物的名词或代词，在从句中
可做主语、宾语等。which或that在定语从句中做宾语可省。
例： A prosperity which/that had never been seen before
appears in the countryside.
The package (which／that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中做宾语)
三、限制性和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意
思不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉 了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之问通常用逗号分开。 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的 某一个名词、名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗 号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整 个句子。 非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从
一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. (在句子中作定语)
Harry Porter is a smart boy.
形容词作定语
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
注意：不要混同于where 引导的定语从句
与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句， 从句前有一个表示地点的名词。
Go back where you came from. Go back to the village where you came from.
When you read the book ,you 'd better make a mark ___ you have any question. A at which B at where C the place where D where When you read the book ,you 'd better make a mark at the place _____ you have any question. A which B at where C the place where D where