外文翻译--电站锅炉的过热器和再热器的热偏差模型

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电站锅炉过热器的热偏差计算及预防措施

电站锅炉过热器的热偏差计算及预防措施

电站锅炉过热器的热偏差计算及预防措施一. 管壁温度计算过热器和再热器受热面管子能长期安全工作的首要条件是管壁温度不能超过金属最高允许温度。

过热器和再热器管壁平均温度的计算公式为:max q t t t gz g b μ+∆+=β()⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++λβδαβ112 (11-1)式中ttw —管壁平均温度,ºC ;tg —管内工质的温度,ºC ;Δtgz —考虑管间工质温度偏离平均值的偏差,ºC ;—热量均流系数;β—管子外径与内径之比;qmax —热负荷最大管排的管外最大热流密度,kw/m2;α2—管子内壁与工质间的放热系数,kw/m2.ºC ;—管壁厚度,m ;—管壁金属的导热系数,kw/m..ºC 。

二. 热偏差概念从式(8-1)可见,管内工质温度和受热面热负荷越高,管壁温度越高;工质放热系数越高,管壁温度越低。

由于过热器和再热器中工质的温度高,受热面的热负荷高,而蒸汽的放热系数较小,因此过热器和再热器是锅炉受热面中金属工作温度最高、工作条件最差的受热面,管壁温度接近管子钢材的最高允许温度,必须避免个别管子由于设计不良或运行不当而超温损坏。

过热器(再热器)由许多平行的管子组成,由于管子结构尺寸、管子热负荷和内部阻力系数等可能不同,不同管中蒸汽的焓增可能不同,这一现象称为过热器(再热器)的热偏差。

热偏差系数(或简称为热偏差)用φ表示,它的定义为:φ=pj pi i ΔΔ=pj pj p p i i i i 1212-- (11-2)式中 Δip —平行管中偏差管(通常是指平行管中焓增偏大的管子)内工质的焓增,kJ/kg ;Δipj —整个平行管组中工质的平均焓增,kJ/kg 。

允许的热偏差是根据受热面工作的具体条件确定的,由于过热器管子工作在接近材料的最高允许温度下,允许的热偏差不应超过过热器总吸热量的15%。

工质的焓值由管外壁所受热负荷、受热面面积和管内工质流量决定。

余热锅炉学习课件中英文对照

余热锅炉学习课件中英文对照

MODULES
• 通常,大型余热锅炉采用模块结构,这种经过工厂 试验的各模块,便于装运,可缩短安装工期,降低 建造费用。

燃机排出的烟气通过进口烟道进入锅炉本体, 依次水平横向冲刷各受热面模块,再经出口烟 道由主烟囱排出。
EVAPORATING UNIT
• 锅炉受热面中用以吸收炉内高温火焰或烟气的热 量来加热水产生饱和蒸汽的受热面称为蒸发受热 面。蒸发受热面及与它直接相配合工作的设备称 为蒸发设备,蒸发设备组成了锅炉的蒸发系统。
GENERAL LAYOUT
SORT OF HRSG
按余热锅炉烟气侧热源分类
• 1.无补燃的余热锅炉 这种余热锅炉单纯回收燃气轮机排气的热量,产生一 定压力和温度的蒸汽。 2.有补燃的余热锅炉 由于燃气轮机排气中含有14%~18%的氧,可在余热 锅炉的恰当位置安装补燃燃烧器,充天然气和燃油等燃料 进行燃烧,提高烟气温度。吉赞项目补燃器分别安装在烟 气进口和BOX1出口(即BOX2)还可保持蒸汽参数和负荷稳 定,以相应提高蒸汽参数和产量,改善联合循环的变工况 特性。
Side-Looking
DESUPERHEATER
• 减温器通常位于过热器或再热器出口管组的进口 处,比如一、二级过热器之间。 • 减温水一般来自锅炉给水泵,为了能够正常的工 作,它的压力要比蒸汽压力高2.76Mpa左右。 • 减温水通过喷口雾化后喷入湍流强烈的蒸汽中, 蒸汽的速度和雾化的水滴尺寸是确定减温效果的 两个最重要因素。 • 一个好的过热器或再热器设计,在额定负荷稳定 运行时需要很少的喷水量。
余热锅炉
常规电站锅炉
SECTIONAL VIEW
WORKFLOW
• 通常余热锅炉由省煤器、蒸发器、过热器以及联箱和汽包

电厂锅炉英文对照表及名词解释

电厂锅炉英文对照表及名词解释

水循环试验circulation test 查明锅炉在启动、停炉和各种运行工况下水循环可靠性的试验。

负荷试验load test 为确定锅炉的经济负荷、最低负荷以及相应于机组各种出力的负荷所进行的试验。

风压试验pressure decay test 按规定的压力和保持时间对炉瞠或烟道用空气进行的压力试验,以检查其严密性是否符合要求。

漏风试验air leakage test 检查锅炉和烟风道漏风的试验验证性水压试验hydrostatic deformati 对没有相应规定并且不能以合理的准确度计算其强度的受压元件等用水进行的压力试验,以求得最高允许工作压力。

水压试验hydrostatic test 按规定的压力和保持时间对锅炉受压元件、受压部件或整台锅炉机组用水进行的压力试验,以检查其有无泄漏和残余变形。

锅炉热效率试验boiler efficiency test 确定锅炉效率的试验,包括正平衡法和反平衡法。

排汽能力discharge capacity 按有关规程规定通过试验所确定的安全阀或安全泄压阀排汽量。

回座压差blowdown 安全阀起座压力与回座压力之差,一般以整定压力的百分数表示。

回座压力reseating pressure 安全阀阀瓣重新与阀座接触、升程为零时的进口侧静压。

起座压力popping pressure 安全阀起跳,蒸汽开始强烈泄放时的进口侧静压。

前泄压力start-to-discharge pressure 安全阀动作前已有微量蒸汽流出时的进口侧静压。

整定压力set pressure 按有关规程规定所整定的安全阀起座压力。

漏风系数air leakage factor 烟气通道进出口处烟气中过量空气系数之差或空气通道进出口处空气量差值与理沦空气量之比。

燃烧器调节比turndown ratio 单只燃烧器的最大燃料量与最小燃料量之比。

锅炉负荷调节范围load range of boiler 锅炉在规定工况下安全运行所允许的最小负荷与最大负荷的范围。

电站锅炉过热器和再热器的布置和特点

电站锅炉过热器和再热器的布置和特点

电站锅炉过热器和再热器的布置和特点一. 过热器与再热器结构型式1.对流过热器对流过热器布置在锅炉的对流烟道中,主要依靠对流传热从烟气中吸收热量。

在中小型锅炉中,一般采用纯对流式过热器,在大型锅炉中,采用复杂的过热器系统,然而对流过热器仍是其中主要的部分。

对流过热器有垂直布置和水平布置的两种型式。

垂直式过热器通常布置在炉膛出口的水平烟道中,其优点是结构简单,吊挂方便,结灰渣较少,得到了广泛的应用。

其主要缺点是停炉后管内积水难以排除,长期停炉将引起管子腐蚀。

在升炉时,由于内积存部分水,在工质流量不大时,可能形成气塞而将管子烧坏,因此在升炉时应控制过热器的热负荷,在空气没有完全排除以前,热负荷不应过大。

布置在尾部竖井中的对流过热器以及塔式和箱式锅炉的过热器采用水平布置的方式。

水平式过热器的优点是易于疏水排气,但支吊比较困难,在高烟温区通常采用管子吊挂的方式,以节省高合金钢的耗量。

对流过热器是由大量平行连接的蛇形管束所组成,其进出口与集箱相连,蛇形管采用外径为32-42mm的无缝钢管制成,壁厚3-7mm,由强度计算确定,过热器所用材料决定于其工作温度。

吊挂和定距零件由于没有工质冷却,工作温度高,通常采用高Cr,Ni材料。

过热器的布置按蒸汽与烟气的流动方向可成顺流、逆流、双逆流或混流布置,如图2.7-1所示。

逆流布置的温压最大,但工作条件最差,顺流布置的温压最小,耗用金属最多。

一般在低烟温区采用逆流,在高烟温区采用混流布置。

图7-18 过热器中蒸汽与烟气流动方向图(a)顺流(b)逆流(c)双逆流(d)混流过热器并联蛇形管的数目由蒸汽及烟气的流速确定。

蒸汽流速系根据管子必须的冷却条件和流动阻力不致过大的原则来选取。

通常过热器系统的总流动阻力应不超过过热蒸汽出口压力的10%。

过热器中烟气流速根据管子不受磨损和不易积灰以及通过技术经济比较来选择,在燃煤炉中,一般为10~14m/s,在油炉和气炉中,则可提高到20m/s。

火电厂专业英文词汇之二、锅炉专业(中英对照)

火电厂专业英文词汇之二、锅炉专业(中英对照)

锅炉专业英语分类对照boiler锅炉boiler unit锅炉机组stationary boiler固定式锅炉steam boiler/generator蒸汽锅炉utility boiler电站锅炉industrial boiler工业锅炉hot water boiler热水锅炉indoor boiler室内锅炉ourdoor boiler露天锅炉package boiler快装锅炉shop-assembled boiler组装锅炉field-assembled boiler散装锅炉field-erected boilersupercritical pressure boiler超临界压力锅炉subcritical pressure boiler亚临界压力锅炉superhigh pressure boiler超高压锅炉high pressure boiler高压锅炉medium pressure boiler中压锅炉low pressure boiler低压锅炉natural circulation boiler自然循环锅炉forced circulation boiler强制循环锅炉assisted circulation boiler辅助循环锅炉controlled circulation boiler控制循环锅炉once-through boiler直流锅炉combined circulation boiler复合循环锅炉low circulation-ratio boiler低循环倍率锅炉solid-fuel fired boiler固体燃料锅炉liquid-fuel fired boiler液体燃料锅炉coal fired boiler燃煤锅炉oil fired boiler燃油锅炉gas fired boiler燃气锅炉multi-fuel fired boiler混烧锅炉boiler with dry-ash furnace固态排渣锅炉boiler with dry-bottom furnaceboiler with slag-tap furnace液态排渣锅炉boiler with wet-bottom furnacesupercharged boiler增压锅炉water tube boiler水管锅炉cross drum boiler横锅筒(汽包)锅炉longitudinal drum boiler纵锅筒(汽包)锅炉shell boiler锅壳锅炉horizontal boiler卧式锅壳锅炉vertical boiler立式锅炉stationary boiler of locomotive type固定式机车锅炉π-type boiler(two-pass boiler)π型锅炉box-type boiler箱型锅炉tower boiler塔型锅炉D-type boiler D型锅炉rated capacity额定蒸发量nominal capacitymaximum continuous rating最大连续蒸发量rated heating capacity额定供热量nominal steam condition额定蒸汽参数nominal steam parameternominal steam pressure额定蒸汽压力nominal steam temperature额定蒸汽温度(nominal) hot water temperature热水温度feed water temperature给水温度return water temperature回水温度circulation circuit循环回路steam generating circuitsteam purification蒸汽净化steam temperature control汽温调节feed water给水condensate凝结水make-up water补给水boiler water锅水;炉水boiling crisis沸腾换热恶化as-fired fuel炉前燃料fire bed火床fuel bedfire line最高火界additive添加剂flue gas dew point烟气露点boiler circulation水循环mechanical carry-over机械携带moisture carry-overvaporous carry-over溶解携带water separation汽水分离steam washing蒸汽清洗stage evaporation分段蒸发pressurized firing压力燃烧negative-pressure firing负压燃烧grate firing火床燃烧suspension firing火室燃烧;悬浮燃烧tangential firing切向燃烧opposed firing对冲燃烧cyclone-furnace firing旋风燃烧fluidized-bed combustion沸腾燃烧gas recirculation烟气再循环natural draft自然通风mechanical draft机械通风balanced draft平衡通风forced draft正压通风induced draft负压通风zone control分段送风pressure atomization压力雾化;机械雾化mechanical atomizationtwin-fluid atomization双流体雾化rotary-cup atomization旋杯雾化;转杯雾化direct leakage直接泄漏infiltration leakagebypass leakage间接泄漏entrained leakageboiler proper锅炉本体heating surface受热面radiant heating surface辐射受热面convection heating surface对流受热面pressure part受压部件;受压元件cylindrical shell筒体head封头;端盖header集箱;联箱tube panel管屏up flow riser tube panel垂直上升管屏ribbon panel回带管屏spirally-wound tubes水平围绕管圈tube bundle管束gas pass烟道gas ductconvection pass对流烟道parallel gas passes并联烟道air duct风道arch拱furnace arch折焰角water-cooled hopper bottom冷灰斗wall with refractory lining卫燃带refractory beltsupporting tube悬吊管design pressure设计压力maximum allowable working pressure最高允许工作压力maximum allowable metal temperature最高许用壁温furnace enclosure design pressure炉膛设计压力heat input输入热量heat output锅炉有效利用热量fuel consumption燃料消耗量calculated fuel consumption计算燃料消耗量ash-retention efficiency排渣率load range at constant temperature(保持)额定汽温的负荷范围injection flow(rate)喷水量blowdown flow(rate)排污量theoretical air理论空气量excess air ratio过量空气系数hot air temperature热风温度exhaust gas temperature排烟温度theoretical combustion temperature理论燃烧温度adiabatic temperaturefurnace outlet gas temperature炉膛出口烟气温度furnace exit gas temperaturepressure drop汽水阻力draft loss通风阻力pressure dropstack draft自生通风压头available static head运动压头circulation ratio循环倍率circulation velocity循环水速steam quality by mass质量含汽率;干度mass velocity质量流速critical steam quality临界含汽率steam quality at minimum heat transfer coefficient最高壁温处含汽率furnace volume炉膛容积furnace volume heat release rate炉膛容积热负荷heat liberation rate in furnacefurnace cross-section heat release rate炉膛截面积热负荷furnace plan heat release rateburner zone wall heat release rate燃烧器区域炉壁热负荷furnace wall heat release rate炉壁热负荷furnace wall heat flux density炉壁热流密度critical heat flux density临界热流密度grate heat release rate炉排(面积)热负荷burner heat input燃烧器热功率ignition energy点火能量evaporation rate受热面蒸发率percentage of economizer evaporation省煤器沸腾率primary air一次风secondary air二次风tertiary air三次风imaginary circle假想切圆percentage of air space通风截面比fineness煤粉细度explosion mixture limits爆炸界限furnace炉膛;炉胆fire box火箱smoke box烟箱burner燃烧器tilting burner摆动式燃烧器igniter点火器oil atomizer油雾化器register调风器stabilizer稳燃器wind box风箱burner port燃烧器喷口burner quarlgrate炉排hand-fired grate手烧炉排stoker-fired grate机械炉排mechanical stokertravelling grate stoker链条炉排chain grate stoker链带式炉排bar grate stoker横梁式炉排louvre stoker鳞片式炉排vibrating stoker振动炉排inclined reciprocating grate往复炉排spreader stoker抛煤机air compartment风室reinjection system飞灰复燃装置drum锅筒;汽包steam drum上锅筒water drum下锅筒shell锅壳drum internals锅筒内部装置;汽包内部装置steam washer清洗装置cyclone separator旋风分离器turbo separator轴流式分离器baffle plate缝隙挡板corrugated scrubber百叶窗分离器screen separator钢丝网分离器perforated distribution plate多孔板dry pipe集汽管evaporating heating surface蒸发受热面water-cooled wall水冷壁membrane wall膜式水冷壁division wall双面水冷壁anti-clinker box防焦箱gererating tube bank锅炉管束boiler convection tube bankboiler (slag) screen防渣管fire tube;smoke tube烟管;火管mixer混合器superheater过热器radiant superheater辐射过热器wall superheater墙式过热器platen superheater屏式过热器convection surperheater对流过热器steam-cooled wall包墙过热器steam-cooled roof顶棚管过热器reheater再热器attemperator减温器desuperheatersurface type attemperator面式减温器surface type desuperheaterspray type attemperator喷水减温器spray type desuperheaterbiflux汽-汽热交换器reheater superheater attemperatorbypass damper旁路挡板economizer省煤器steaming economizer沸腾式省煤器steel tube economizer钢管省煤器finned tube economizer鳍片管省煤器cast-iron gilled tube economizer铸铁省煤器air heater空气预热器tubular air heater管式空气预热器rotary air heater回转式空气预热器regenerative air heaterrotating-plate type regenerative air heater受热面回转式预热器Ljungstrom type air heaterstationary-plate type regenerative air heater风罩回转式预热器rothemuhle type air heatersteam air heater暖风器boiler structure锅炉构架top-supported structure by beams支承式锅炉构架top-supported structure by hangers悬吊式锅炉构架buckstay刚性梁inner casing内护板outer casing外护板boiler steam and water circuit锅炉汽水系统boiler external piping锅炉范围内管道start-up system启动系统start-up flash tank启动分离器safety valve安全阀safety relief valve安全泄放阀water level indicator水位表injector注水器boiler setting炉墙soot blower吹灰器slag removal equipment除渣设备boiler efficiency锅炉效率;锅炉热效率boiler operating availability锅炉可用率boiler forced outage rate锅炉事故率feed water condition给水品质steam purity蒸汽品质moisture in steam蒸汽湿度boiler water concentration锅水浓度;炉水浓度total dissolved salt总含盐量total solid (matter)全固形物dissolved solid (matter)溶解固形物suspended solid (matter)悬浮物total hardness(总)硬度alkalinity碱度heat loss热损失heat loss due to exhaust gas排烟热损失heat loss due to unburned gases气体(化学)未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to unburned carbon in refuse固体(机械)未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to radiation散热损失heat loss due to sensible heat in slag灰渣物理热损失unburned combustible in flue dust飞灰可燃物含量;飞灰含碳量unburned carbon in flue dustunburned combustible in slag炉渣可燃物含量;炉渣含碳量unburned carbon in slagunburned combustible in sifting漏煤可燃物含量dust loading烟气含尘量dust densityload range of boiler锅炉负荷调节范围turndown ratio燃烧器调节比air leakage factor漏风系数set pressure整定压力start-to-discharge pressure前泄压力popping pressure起座压力reseating pressure回座压力blowdown回座压差discharge capacity排放量;排汽能力boiler efficiency test锅炉效率试验;锅炉热效率试验hydrostatic test水压试验hydrostatic deformation test验证性水压试验air leakage test漏风试验pressure decay test风压试验load test负荷试验circulation test水循环试验thermal chemical test热化学试验sounding of tube by balls通球试验safety valve operating test安全阀校验flue gas analysis烟气分析Orsat (gas analyser)奥氏(烟气)分析器suction pyrometer抽气式热电偶(高温计)venturi pneumatic pyrometer气力式高温计heat flux meter热流计start-up启动filling上水water level水位initial water level点火水位purge吹扫blowoff放水drain疏水blowdown排污raising pressure升压bringing a boiler onto the line并汽start-up pressure启动压力start-up flow rate启动流量shutdown停炉outageout of service停用banking fire压火storage停炉保护chemical cleaning化学清洗boiling-out(碱)煮炉flushing冲管steam-line blowing吹管passivating钝化drying-out烘炉flow stagnation停滞flow reversal倒流separation of two-phase fluid汽水分层steam binding汽塞steam blanketingpriming汽水共腾foaming泡沫共腾external deposit烟气侧沉积物internal deposit汽水侧沉积物slagging结渣fouling积灰clogging堵灰pitting attack点状腐蚀ductile gouging延性腐蚀hydrogen damage氢脆caustic embrittlement苛性脆化high temperature corrosion高温腐蚀low temperature corrosion低温腐蚀overheating超温;过热flashback回火blow off脱火loss of ignition熄火;灭火furnace explosion炉膛爆炸furnace implosion炉膛内爆furnace puff炉膛爆燃blow hole火口secondary combustion二次燃烧Components for CFBC boiler (CFBC锅炉的主要部件)1.parameter/参数rated capacity额定蒸发量nominal capacitymaximum continuous rating最大连续蒸发量rated heating capacity额定供热量nominal steam condition额定蒸汽参数nominal steam parameternominal steam pressure额定蒸汽压力nominal steam temperature额定蒸汽温度(nominal)hot water temperature热水温度feed water temperature给水温度return water temperature回水温度circulation circuit循环回路steam generating circuitsteam purification蒸汽净化steam temperature control汽温调节feed water给水condensate凝结水make-up water补给水boiler water锅水,炉水boiling crisis沸腾换热恶化as-fired fuel炉前燃料fire bed,fuel bed火床fire line最高火界additive添加剂flue fas dew point烟气露点2.基本工作原理boiler circulation水循环mechanical carry - over机械携带moisture carry - overvaporous carry - over溶解携带water separation汽水分离steam washing蒸汽清洗stage evaporation分段蒸发pressurized firing压力燃烧negative - pressure firing负压燃烧grate firing火床燃烧suspension firing火室燃烧,悬浮燃烧tangential firing切向燃烧opposed firing对冲燃烧cyclone - furnace firing旋风燃烧fluidized - bed combustion沸腾燃烧gas recirculation烟气再循环natural draft自然通风mechanical draft机械通风balanced draft平衡通风forced draft正压通风induced draft负压通风zone control分段送风pressure atomization压力雾化,机械雾化mechanical atomizationtwin-fluid atomization双流体雾化rotary-cup atomization旋杯雾化,转杯雾化direct leakage直接泄漏infiltration leakagebypass leakage间接泄漏entrained leakage3.structure/结构boiler proper锅炉本体heating surface受热面radiant heating surface辐射受热面convection heating surface对流受热面pressure part受压部件/元件cylidrical shell筒体head(drum)封头head(heater)端盖header集箱tube panel管屏up flow riser tube panel垂直上升管屏ribbon panel回带管屏spirally - wound tubes水平围绕管圈tube bundle管束gas pass ,gas duct烟道炉内/炉外convection pass对流烟道parallel gas pass并联烟道air duct风道arch拱furnace arch折焰角water - cooled hopper bottom冷灰斗wall with refractory lining卫燃带refractory beltsupporting tube悬吊管4.设计参数和指标design pressure设计压力maximum allowable working pressure最高允许工作压力maximum allowable metal temperature最高许用壁温furnace enclosure design pressure炉膛设计压力heat input输入热量heat output锅炉有效利用热量fuel consumption燃料消耗量calculated fuel consumption计算燃料消耗量ash-retention efficiency排渣率额定汽温的负荷范围injection flow(rate)喷水量blowdown flow(rate)排污量theoretical air理论空气量excess air ratio过量空气系数hot air tempereture热风温度exhaust gas tempereture排烟温度theoretical combustion tempereture理论燃烧温度adiabatic tempereturefurnace outlet gas tempereture炉膛出口烟气温度funace exit gas tempereturepressure drop汽水阻力draft loss (用于负压燃烧)通风阻力pressure drop(压力燃烧)stack draft自生通风压头available static head运动压头circulation ratio循环倍率circulation velocity循环水速steam quality by mass质量含汽率,干度mass velocity质量流速critical steam quality临界含汽率steam quality at minimum heat transfer coefficient最高壁温处含汽率furnace volume炉膛容积furnace volume heat release rate炉膛容积热负荷heat liberation rate in furnacefurnace cross-section heat release炉膛截面积热负荷furnace plan heat release rateburner zone wall heat release rate燃烧器区域热负荷furnace wall heat release rate炉壁热负荷fernace wall heat flux density炉壁热流密度critical heat flux density临界热流密度grate heat release rate炉排(面积)热负荷burner heat input燃烧器热功率ignition energy点火能量evaporation rate受热面蒸发率percentage of economizer evaporation省煤器沸腾率Primary air一次风Secondary air二次风imaginary circle假想切圆percentage of air space通风截面积fineness煤粉细度explosion mixture limits爆炸界限5.主要零部件,元件和附件炉膛和燃烧设备furnace炉膛fire box火箱smoke box烟箱burner燃烧器tilting burner摆动式燃烧器igniter点火器oil atomizer油雾化器register调风器stabilizer稳燃器Wind box风箱burner port/burner fquarrel燃烧器喷口grate炉排inclined reciprocating grate往复炉排pnleum风室6.drum & drum internal 锅筒及其内部装置drum锅筒steam drum上锅筒/汽包water drum下锅筒shell锅壳drum linternals锅筒/汽包内部装置steam washer清洗装置cyclone scrubber旋风分离器turbo separator轴流式分离器baffle plate波形板coffugated scrubbber百叶窗分离器screen separator钢丝分离器perforated distribution plate多孔板dry pipe集汽管7.evaporating heating surface/蒸发受热面evaporating heating surface蒸发受热面water-cooled wall水冷壁membrane wall膜式水冷壁division wall双面水冷壁anti -clinker box防焦箱generating tube bank锅炉管束boiler convection tube bank锅炉管束boiler (slag) screen放渣管smoke tube火管mixer混合器8.superheater &reheater/ 过热器及再热器superheater过热器radiant superheater辐射过热器wall superheater包墙过热器platen superheater屏式过热器convection superheater对流过热器steam-cooled wall汽冷包墙steam -cooled roof汽冷顶棚reheater再热器attemperator减温器surface type attemperator面式减温器Spray type attemperator喷水减温器bypass damper旁路挡板biflux汽-汽热交换器9.economizer 省煤器economizer省煤器steam economizer沸腾式省煤器steel tube economizer钢管省煤器finned tube economizer鳍片省煤器cast-lron economizer铸铁省煤器10.air heater / 空气预热器air heater空气预热器tubular air heater管式空气预热器steam air heater暖风管11.structure / 构架boiler structure锅炉构架top-supported struture by beams支撑式锅炉构架top -supported structure by hangers悬吊式锅炉构架buckstay刚性梁inner casing内护板outer casing外护板12.piping & accessory / 管道及附件boiler steam and water circuit锅炉汽水系统boiler external piping锅炉范围内管道start-up system启动系统start-up flash tank启动排污罐safety valve安全阀safety relief valve安全泄放阀water level indicator水位表injector注水器level switch电接点水位计13.Others 其他boiler setting炉墙soot blower吹灰器slag removal equipment除渣设备14.technic index/ 技术指标boiler efficiency锅炉效率(热效率)boiler operating availability锅炉可用率boiler forced outage rate锅炉事故率feed water condition给水品质steam purity蒸汽品质moisture in steam蒸汽湿度boiler water concentration锅水浓度,炉水浓度total dissolved salt总含盐量tatal solid(matter)全固形物dissolved solid(matter)溶解固形物suspended solid(matter)悬浮物tatal hardness(总)硬度alkalinity碱度heat loss热损失heat loss due to exhaust gas排烟热损失heat loss due to unburned gases气体(化学)未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to unburned carbon in refuse固体(机械)未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to flue dust散热损失heat loss due to sensible heat in slag灰渣物理热损失undurned combustible in flue dust飞灰可燃物含量undurned cabon in flue dust飞灰含碳量undurned cabon in slag炉渣含碳量undurned combustible in sifting漏煤可燃物含量dust loading/dust density烟气含尘量load range of bioler锅炉负荷调节范围turndown ratio燃烧器调节比air leakage factor漏风系数set pressure整定压力start-to-discharge pressure前泄压力popping pressure起座压力reseating pressure回座压力blowdown回座压差discharge capacity排放量。

锅炉常用英文词汇[1]

锅炉常用英文词汇[1]

锅炉常用英文词汇[1]常用锅炉词汇产品制造常用英文:Coil:蛇形管Erosion Shield:防磨罩Panel:膜式壁Economizer:省煤器Header:集箱Superheater:过热器Arrangement Drawing: 总图Reheater:再热器Hanger Tube:悬吊管Spray Control Header:减温器集箱Waterwall Panel:水冷壁Erection Drawing:安装图纸Inlet/Outlet:进口/出口Tube Thinning:管子减薄率Bending:弯管AW(Average Wall):平均壁厚MW(Minimum Wall) :最小壁厚Ovality/Out of Roundness:椭圆度Welder:焊工Assemble: 组装Weld:焊接,焊缝Butt-joint :对接Fillet:角焊缝Floor Sample:地样Assembly :组装Squeeze:挤压PWHT:焊后热处理PBHT:弯后热处理Solution Annealing :固熔退火Grind:打磨Fin:鳍片Surface Preparation:表面处理Stub Tube:接管Reducer:异径管Tolerance:公差/余量separator:分离器End Plate:端盖Cap:管帽Interpass Temperature:层间温度Bevel:坡口Furnace:炉膛Drum:汽包Overlay:堆焊Painting:油漆Packing:包装Shipping:发运Spare Parts:备品备件Undercut:咬边Offset:错边Overlap:焊瘤Slag:焊渣Name Plate:铭牌Marking: 标记质检方面:D – Dimensional Check尺寸检查DR – Document Review文件审核DT – Destructive Testing破坏性试验ET – Eddy Current Testing涡流探伤MT – Magnetic Particle Testing磁粉探伤NDE –Non-Destructive Examination无损检验NDT –Non-Destructive Testing无损探伤NOT – Inspection Notification检验通知HT – Hardness Test硬度测试PD – Produce/Provide Documents提供文件PMI – Positive Material Identification Test材料区分PT – Dye Penetrant Testing着色检验RT – Radiographic Testing射线检验UT – Ultrasonic Testing超声波检验VT – Visual Testing外观检验Inspection Points检查点H – Hold Point停止点W – Witness Point见证点I – In-Process Inspection过程检验R – Document Review Inspection文件审核检查P – Perform inspection 执行检验FO – First Operational Basis首次进行的活动FOH – First of Heat第一个炉号FOL – First of Lot第一批BS – Before Shipment发运前R – Random随机Documentation文件DCL – Document Control List文件控制清单PO –Purchase Order 订单SDR –Seller Deviation Request卖方偏差申请MSRF --Material Substitution Request Form材料替代申请BOM –Bill of Material 材料清单MDL -Master Drawing List 总图清单EQSP -- Standard Specification For Pressure Parts压力设备标准规程TESP -- Technical Specification For Pressure Parts压力件技术规程IFSP -- Project Site Information项目工地信息MITP – Manufacturing Inspection & T est Plan制造检验和试验计划MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet油漆安全数据表MTR – Mill/Material Test Reports材质单NCR – Non-Conformance Report不符合项报告PQR – Procedure Qualification Records焊接工艺评定记录WPS – Welding Procedure Specifications焊接工艺规程ASME 常用语AI(Authorized Inspector)授权检验师ASME(American Society of Mechanical Engineers)美国机械工程师学会CC(Conformity Certificate)合格证COL(Check Off List)工艺检验流转卡JIC(Joint Identification Card)焊缝识别卡MAWP(Maximum Allowable Working Pressure)最大许用工作压力MAEWP(Maximum Allowable External Working Pressure)最大许用外工作压力MDR(Manufacturer Data Report)制造厂数据报告MTR(Material Test Report)材料试验报告NB(National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors)美国国家锅炉及压力容器检验师总部QA(Quality Assurance ) 质保QA Manual 质保手册QC(Quality Check) 质检。

英语标准词汇库模板(过热器系统)

英语标准词汇库模板(过热器系统)

锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉 锅炉
VERTICAL LTSH UPPER HORIZONTAL LTSH HORIZONTAL LTSH HANGER PIPE LOWER HORIZONTAL LTSH SH DIVISION PANEL HEADER SH DIVISION PANEL INLET HEADER SH DIVISION PANEL OUTLET HEADER RISER AND STEAM OUTLET CONNECTION PIPE FLUID COOLED SPACERS FLUID COOLED SPACE PIPES ROOF PIPES SUPPORT DEVICE SUPERHEADER SUPPORTS SUPERHEADER FINISHING SUPPORTS LEVEL AND VERTICAL LOW TEM ORIENT DEVICE SH FINISHING OUTLET HEADER GUIDE DEVICE HANG PIPES RIP INTO ROOF AIRPROOF AND ORIENT DEVICE SH OUTLET HEADER AND RH OUTLET HEADER LINK FRONT WALL HUAG PIPESS FRONT WALL BACKPASS REAR WALL BACKPASS SIDE WALL EXT SIDE AND LOWER WALL BACKPASS ROOF PIPES SH LOW TEMP INLET PIPE SH DIVISION PANEL LINK PIPING SH DIVISION PANEL INLET HEADER LINK PIPING SH DIVISION PANEL OUTLET HEADER LINK PIPING SH LOW TEMPINLET PIPE FIXED shell flat head handhole apparatus nozzle lug plate welding material

火力发电厂常用词汇汇总

火力发电厂常用词汇汇总

一锅炉超临界压力锅炉supercritical pressure boiler 亚临界压力锅路subcritical pressure boiler 超高压锅炉super-high pressure boiler蒸汽锅炉steam boiler蒸汽发生器steam generator液态排渣锅炉wet bottom boiler固态排渣锅炉dry bottom boiler燃煤锅炉coal-fired boiler燃气锅炉gas-fired boiler燃油锅炉oil-fired boiler自然循环锅炉natural circulation boiler气包(锅筒)锅炉drum boiler强制循环锅炉controlled circulation boiler 直流锅炉once-through boiler复合循环锅炉combined circulation boiler旋风炉cyclone furnace boiler沸腾炉fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boiler循环流化床锅炉circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) boiler增压循环流化床锅炉pressurized circulating fluidized bed combustion (PCFBC)boiler链条锅炉chain-grate boiler热水锅炉hot-water boiler废热(余热)锅炉waste-heat boiler, heat recovery steamgenerator(HRSG)起动锅炉start-up boiler厂用锅炉auxiliary boiler垃圾焚烧锅炉refuse-fired boiler ,effuse incinerator室内锅炉indoor boiler露天锅炉outdoor boiler单炉膛锅炉single furnace boiler双炉膛锅炉twin furnace boilerW火焰锅炉W-flame ,vertical-fired boilerL火焰锅炉L-shape furnace boiler塔式锅炉tower boiler箱式锅炉box-type boiler炉墙furnace wall汽包(锅筒)drum封头head汽包封头drum end plate, drum head 下降管downcomer集中下降管centralized downcomer 分散下降管distributed downcomer 上升管riser管束tube bundle管屏tube platen省煤气管economizer tube过热器管superheater tube再热器管reheater tube蛇形管coil吊挂管supporting tube引入管inlet pipe引出管outlet pipe饱和蒸汽管saturated steam pipe水冷壁管water wall tube鳍片管finned tube, fin tube, gilled tube 内螺纹管rifled tube, grooved tube吸潮管moisture absorption piping水冷壁water wall膜式水冷壁membrane wall内螺纹水冷壁rifled tube water wall联箱header集汽联箱steam header卫燃带bailey wall, refractory belt包墙管(包覆管)wall enclosure tube防渣管(费斯顿管)slag screen ,Feston tube锅炉本体boiler proper锅炉机组boiler unit锅炉构架boiler structure ,boiler framework 炉膛furnace燃烧器burner直流式燃烧器direct-burner漩流式燃烧器turbulent burner低NOx燃烧器low NOx burner摇摆式燃烧器tilting burner缝隙式燃烧器split burner燃烧室combustion chamber油枪(油喷嘴)oil gun, oil torch风门(挡板)damper一次风primary air二次风secondary air三次风tertiary air煤粉管道pulverized coal piping管板tube plate沸点boiling temperature过热器super heater前屏过热器front platen superheater后屏过滤器rear platen superheater对流过热器convection superheater辐射过热器radiant superheater屏式过热器platen superheater顶棚过热器ceiling superheater包墙过热器wall enclosure superheater前包墙过热器front wall enclosure superheater后包墙过热器rear wall enclosure superheater侧包墙过热器side wall enclosure superheater吹灰器soot blower转动式吹灰器rotary soot blower伸缩式吹灰器retractable soot blower受热面积heating surface area, heat absorption area 炉膛容积furnace volume炉膛热负荷furnace heat release rate, furnace heating as absorption rate 汽水分离器steam separator, moisture separator起动分离器starting separator再循环管recirculating piping暖风器steam air heater再热器reheater再热器冷段primary reheater载热器热段final reheater顶棚ceiling省煤器economizer管式空气预热器tubular air preheater回转式(再生式)空气预热器regenerative air preheater, rotary air preheater板式空气预热器plate air preheater空气预热器air preheater三分仓空气预热器trisector regenerative air preheater漏风系数air leakage coefficient漏风率air leakage ratio漏风系统air leakage system漏风试验air leakage test安全门safety valve安全门开启压力opening pressure of safety valve安全门回座压力safety valve reseating pressure安全门压力整定试验pressure setting test of safety valve 安全门动作压力safety valve operating pressure饱和蒸汽安全门saturated steam safety valve过热蒸汽安全门superheated steam safety valve再热蒸汽安全门reheated steam safety valve防爆门explosion vent检查孔inspection hole事故喷水阀emergency water spray valve汽包事故放水阀emergency drum drain valve三通阀three-way valve反冲洗阀back wash valve取样阀sampling valve插板gate给水大旁路门feedwater overall bypass valve给水小旁路门feedwater individual bypass valve 大板梁plate girder, upper beam外护板outer casing锅炉排污blowdown定期排污扩容器intermittent blowdown flash tank 连续排污扩容器continuous blowdown flash tank 灰斗ash hopper冷灰斗bottom ash hopper ,furnace hopper混合器mixer齿圈(大牙轮) ring gear ,geared ring空调器air conditioner空气压缩机air compressor给煤机coal feeder皮带式给煤机belt coal feeder刮板式给煤机scraper coal feeder叶轮式给煤机paddle coal feeder给粉机pulverized coal feeder磨煤机coal pulverized ,coal mill钢球磨煤机tube mill中速辊式磨煤机roller mill ,bowl mill ,disk roll mill 双进双出钢球磨煤机double inlet and outlet tube mill 中速磨煤机medium speed mill风扇磨煤机beater wheel mill ,beater mill排粉风机pulverized coal exhauster一次风机primary air fan烟气再循环风机gas recirculating fan送风机forced draft fan ,forced fan引风机induced draft fan ,induced fan离心风机centrifugal fan轴流风机axial-flow fan双速风机double speed fan轴流静叶可调风机adjustable static-blade axial-flow fan ,fixed pitch axial-flow fan轴流动叶可调风机adjustable moving-blade axial-flow fan ,variable pitch axial-flow fan 原煤斗raw coal bunker ,raw coal silo煤粉仓pulverized coal bunker输粉机pulverized coal conveyor刮板输粉机scraper pulverized coal conveyor 螺旋输粉机pulverized coal screw conveyor粗粉分离器classifier细粉分离器(旋风分离器) cyclone separator锁气器air lock ,flap减速器speed reducer看火孔observation hole入孔门man hole重油泵heavy oil pump重油加热器heavy oil heater汽-汽热交换器biflux煤气罐gas tank膨胀补偿节expansion joint直吹式制粉系统direct-firing pulverizing system中贮式制粉系统bin storage type pulverizing system 锅炉效率boiler efficiency锅炉热力计算boiler thermodynamic calculation 锅炉空气动力计算boiler aerodynamic calculation锅炉水循环计算boiler water circulation calculation 锅炉水力计算boiler hydrodynamic calculation锅炉强度计算boiler strength calculation锅炉热平衡计算boiler heat balance calculation正平衡法direct balance method反平衡法indirect balance method过剩空气系数excess air coefficient排烟温度flue gas temperature单位蒸发量specific evaporation低温腐蚀low temperature corrosion高温腐蚀high temperature corrosion结渣slagging结垢腐蚀deposit corrosion飞灰磨损fly ash errosion炉膛正压furnace pressure炉膛负压furnace draft最高允许温度maximum permissible temperature 水循环water circulation循环倍率circulation ratio除尘器dust collector ,precipitator静电除尘器electrostatic precipitator整流装置rectifying device锤打装置rapping gear含尘浓度dust loading concentration煤灰细度dust fineness除尘效率dust collection efficiency干式除尘器dry dust collector湿式除尘器wet dust collector ,scrubber文丘里除尘器Venturi scrubber布袋除尘器fabric filter ,bag house钢珠除尘装置shot-cleaning device水膜式除尘器centrifugal scrubber灰渣泵ash pump ,slag pump轴封泵shaft sealing pump灰浆泵ash slurry pump除尘水泵dedusting pump回收水池water recovery pond清水池clean water pond灰浆池ash slurry pond油泵坑oil pump pit灰库ash silo灰场ash yard灰坝ash yard dam耐火砖firebrick保温材料heat-insulating materials干式除灰(气力除灰) pneumatic ash handling水力除灰hydraulic ash handling正压气力除灰pneumatic pressure ash handling负压气力除灰pneumatic vacuum ash handling仓式泵fluidizing transporter空气斜槽airside ,air gravity conveyor灰渣分除bottom and fly ash separate handling 灰渣混除bottom and fly ash mixed handling 灰渣利用bottom and fly ash recovery排渣槽bottom ash hopper埋刮板捞渣机submerged slag conveyor螺旋式捞渣机screw slag conveyor碎渣机clinker grinder ,slag crusher振动筛vibrating screen稳燃器flame stabilizer燃烧器蜗壳burner spiral case雾化器atomizer机械雾化mechanical atomization蒸汽雾化steam atomization空气雾化air atomization气固两相流动gas-solid two-phase flow闭路循环closed cycle蒸汽带水carryover灰膛灭火boiler flame failure ,boiler flame blackout 稳定燃烧stable combustion压力容器pressure vessel支吊架supports and hangers原煤管道raw coal piping风道air duct热风道hot air duct冷风道cold air duct穿墙管套wall-through bushing ,wall-bushing伸缩节expansion joint送粉管道pulverized coal feed piping燃油管道fuel oil piping风管道air piping一次风管道primary air piping两次风管道secondary air piping落粉管pulverized coal chute除灰管道ash piping烟道gas duct ,gas pass尾部烟道convection flue gas pass煤气管gas piping连续排污管continuous blowdown piping烟囱chimney ,stack多管式烟囱muti-flue chimney燃烧combustion四角喷射燃烧corner firing燃烧速度combustion rate机械未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to mechanical incomplete combustion 化学未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to chemical incomplete combustion 灰渣热损失heat loss due to sensible heat in refuse排烟热损失heat loss due to flue gas散热损失heat loss due to radiation热损失heat loss火焰flame不稳定燃烧instable combustion负压燃烧balance draft combustion微正压燃烧pressurized combustion炉膛容积热负荷furnace volume heat release rate 炉膛温度furnace temperature锅炉水循环boiler water circulation偏离泡核沸腾departure from nucleate boiling(DNB) 水压试验hydraulic test汽水共腾priming点火ignition点火准备ignition preparation着火点firing point ,ignition temperature折焰角nose飞灰fly ash煤粉细度fineness of pulverized coal灰ash灰的溶化点ash fushion temperature ,ash fushion point ,ash melting point可磨系数grindability index最大蒸发量maximum evaporation锅炉热平衡boiler heat balance超负荷运行overload operation正压positive pressure负压negative pressure理论空气量theoretical air quantity过剩空气量excess air quantity冷风cold air热风hot air除渣slag removal烟气flue gas锅炉上水boiler water filling蠕胀爆管tube burst due to creep汽包满水overfeed of water into drum锅炉灭火boiler fire extinction爆燃puff爆炸(外爆) explosion内爆implosion防爆anti-explosion煤粉自燃pulverized coal self-ignition ,pulverized coal spontaneous combustion 堵灰ash fouling堵煤coal jamming ,coal plugging燃烧切圆firing tangential circle火焰中心flame center积粉pulverized coal deposits积灰ash deposits飞灰可燃物combustibles in fly ash点火用油fuel oil for ignition飞灰腐蚀fly ash corrosion受热面heating surface辐射受热面radiation heating surface对流受热面convection heating surface尾部受热面rear heat recovery surface含氧量oxygen content蒸发量evaporation ,evaporative capacity切换风air switch-over煤耗率coal consumption rate入炉煤发热量heating value of the as fired coal 停炉boiler shutdown熄火boiler shutdown灰水回收recovery of ash slurry water细灰fine ash粗灰coarse ash干灰dry ash湿灰wet ash燃烧系统combustion system ,firing system制粉系统coal pulverizing system除灰系统ash handling system二汽轮机汽轮机steam turbine凝汽式汽轮机condensing steam turbine背压式汽轮机back pressure turbine抽汽式汽轮机steam extraction turbine中间再热式汽轮机steam turbine供热式汽轮机steam turbine steam turbine steam turbine冲动式汽轮机impulse turbine反动式汽轮机reaction turbine轴流式汽轮机axial flow turbine辐流式汽轮机radial flow turbine单轴汽轮机tandem compound turbine ,single-shaft turbine 双轴汽轮机double-shaft turbine前置式汽轮机topping turbine燃气轮机gas turbine高压汽轮机high pressure turbine中压汽轮机medium pressure turbine低压汽轮机low pressure turbine超高压汽轮机ultra pressure turbine亚临界压力汽轮机subcritical pressure turbine超临界压力汽轮机supercritical pressure turbine空冷式汽轮机组air cooled turbine unit燃汽轮机组(装置) gas turbine unit高压汽缸high-pressure(HP)cylinder中压汽缸intermediate pressure(MP)cylinder低压汽缸low-pressure(LP)cylinder内汽缸inner casing外汽缸outer casing上汽缸upper casing下汽缸lower casing汽缸法兰螺栓加热装置cylinder flange heating appliance 汽缸台板(底板) cylinder sole plate汽缸猫抓cylinder claw滑销sliding pin横销traverse pin纵销longitudinal pin立销vertical pin定位销aligning pin ,locating pin汽轮机转子turbine rotor叶轮blade disc叶片blade ,bucket动叶片moving blade静叶片stationary blade叶根型式type of blade root末级叶片长度length of last stage blade 喷嘴室nozzle box末级叶片强度last stage blade stress排汽室steam exhaust hood喷嘴nozzle围带shroud ring拉筋(拉金) lacing wire平衡块balance weight固定螺丝dowel隔板diaphragm隔板套diaphragm sleeve隔板汽封diaphragm seal汽封steam seal gland ,steam sealing 迷宫式汽封labyrinth seal 梳齿式汽封serrate-type steam seal汽封套seal bushing汽封块seal block汽封齿seal tooth轴承支架bearing stoll ,bearing bracket主轴承箱main bearing box滚珠轴承ball bearing滚柱轴承roller bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing推力轴承thrust bearing止推环thrust collar瓦枕bearing pillow锁饼lock推力瓦块thrust bearing pad主油泵main oil pump备用油泵emergency bearing oil pump调速油泵regulation oil pump ,speed governing oil pump 交流润滑油泵AC lube oil pump直流润滑油泵DC lube oil pump注油器oil injector同步器synchronizer同步器手轮synchronizer hand wheel控制滑阀pilot valve随动滑阀servo-valve分配滑阀distributing pilot valve ,distributor valve 中间滑阀intermediate valve微分器differentiator功率限制器load limiter动态校正器dynamic corrector滑阀套valve sleeve喷油嘴oil nozzle弹性调速器flexible governor调速器挡块governor stop危急遮断器滑阀emergency trip pilot valve撞击子ram防火滑阀fire protection pilot valve延滞滑阀delay pilot valve跟踪滑阀follow-up pilot valve电-液转换器electro-hydraulic converter切换滑阀change-over pilot valve危急保安器emergency governor pilot危急保安器滑阀emergency governor pilot valve 超速试验滑阀overspeed test pilot valve喷油式试验滑阀nozzle test pilot valve反馈滑阀feedback pilot valve起动排油阀oil drain valve at start-up紧急放油阀emergency oil relieve valve排油口oil discharge outlet节流滑阀throttle pilot valve活动滑阀movable pilot valve高压自动关闭器high-pressure automatic closing gear中压自动关闭器medium pressure automatic closing gear高压油动机(高压伺服马达) high-pressure hydraulic actuator ,high-pressureservo-motor中压油动机medium-pressure hydraulic actuator, medium-pressureservo-motor杠杆lever轴shaft主轴main shaft传动轴(主动轴) driving shaft被动轴(从动轴) driven shaft小轴axle联轴器coupling刚性联轴器rigid coupling半挠性联轴器semi-flexible coupling齿型联轴器serrated coupling冷油器oil cooler溢油阀oil overflow valve排油烟机oil-fume extractor ,oil fume exhauster 油烟分离器oil-fume separator油净化器oil purifier ,oil conditioner过滤罐filtering tank布袋式过滤器bag filter ,fabric filter齿轮油泵gear oil pump顶轴油泵jacking oil pump柱塞式油泵piston type oil pump螺杆式油泵worm type oil pump盘车装置turning gear盘车手轮turning gear hand wheel化妆板lagging enclosure齿轮gear直齿式齿轮spur gear斜齿式齿轮helical gear伞型齿轮bevel gear蜗轮worm wheel蜗杆worm stem弹簧spring密封油箱sealing oil tank空气侧交流密封油泵air side AC sealing oil pump 空气侧直流密封油泵air side DC sealing oil pump 压差阀differential pressure valve平衡阀balancing valve密封瓦sealing pad缓冲油箱buffer oil tank高位油箱head oil tank ,elevated oil tank事故油箱emergency oil tank磁性过滤器magnetic filter发电机内冷水箱generator inner cooling water tank 发电机内冷水泵generator inner cooling water pump 离子交换器ion exchanger干燥器dryer ,drier冷凝式干燥器condensing type drier凝汽器condenser多压式凝汽器multi-pressure condenser单流程凝汽器signal-pass condenser双流程凝汽器double-pass condenser黄铜管brass tube管板tube plate凝汽器喉部condenser throat热水井hot well凝结水泵condensate pump泵壳pump casing盘根gland packing盘根压盖gland top cover盘根端盖gland end cover填料packing轴封抽汽风机shaft seal extraction fan轴封抽汽冷却器shaft seal extraction cooler ,gland cooler 轴封漏气加热器shaft seal leakage heater低压加热器low-pressure feedwater heater中压加热器medium-pressure feedwater heater高压加热器high-pressure feedwater heater蒸汽冷却器steam cooler疏水冷却器drain water cooler汽侧steam side水侧water sideU型管U-tube除氧器deaerator储水池water storage pond卧式除氧器horizontal type deaerator立式除氧器vertical type deaerator喷雾式除氧器atomizing type deaerator淋水盘water spraying tray ,sprinkling tray除氧水箱deaerated water tank稳定水箱surge water tank ,stablizing water tank除盐水箱demineralized water tank除盐水泵demineralized water pump汽动给水泵steam-driven feedwater pump电动调速给水泵motor-driven variable speed feedwater pump 前置水泵booster pump给水泵feedwater pump机械密封mechanical seal碳精密封环carbon seal ring ,carbon packing ring动环moving ring静环static ring平衡盘balancing disc液力偶合器hydraulic coupler泵轮(主动轮) pump impeller ,driving impeller涡轮(从动轮) whirling impeller ,driven impeller勺管scoop tube辅助油泵auxiliary oil pump疏水泵drain pump疏水扩容器drain flash tank疏水箱drain tank热网加热器heater for heating network ,heating network hot water heater生水加热器raw water heater热网水泵pump for heating network ,heating network hot water pump生水泵raw water pump除尘水泵pump for scrubber ,scrubber water pump壳体case ,shell水室water chamber封头end cover挡板baffle plate导流板guide plate射水泵water jet pump真空泵vacuum pump射水抽汽器water jet air ejector射汽抽汽器steam jet air ejector射水池water jet pond排水池drain water pond工业水泵industrial water pump ,service water pump 排污泵blowdown pump轴流泵axial flow pump清水泵clean water pump污水泵sewage pump排水泵water discharge pump立式深井泵vertical deep-well pump深井泵deep-well pump潜水泵submerged pump循环水泵circulating water pump清污机trash remover混流泵mixed flow pump离心泵centrifugal pump旋转滤网rotating type screen ,screw type strainer 胶球泵rubber ball recirculating pump收球网ball screen装球室ball collector管式冷却器tubular cooler ,tube type cooler板式冷却器plate type cooler冷却水池cooling water pond喷水池spraying water pond冷却水塔cooling tower自然通风冷却塔natural draft cooling tower逆流式冷却塔reverse flow cooling tower横流式塔transverse flow cooling tower机力通风冷却塔mechanical draft cooling tower空气冷却塔air cooling tower干式冷却塔dry cooling tower分水槽water diversion channel竖井shaft ,well闸板井gate well闸门室gate chamber ,gate house挡风板air baffle plate新(主)蒸汽管道main steam piping ,live steam piping主蒸汽系统main steam system再热蒸汽系统reheat steam system抽气系统extraction steam system轴封供汽系统shaft seal steam supply system轴封shaft seal门杆漏气系统valve lever leakage steam system汽缸法兰螺栓加热系统casing flange and hot heating system真空系统vacuum system凝结水系统condenser system再热蒸汽管道reheat steam piping给水系统feedwater system循环水系统circulating water system工业水系统industrial water system ,service water system 供油系统oil supply system密封油系统seal oil system厂用蒸汽系统auxiliary steam system调速系统speed governing system电液调速系统electro-hydraulic speed governing system发电机内冷水系统generator inner cooling water system热网系统heating network system导汽管steam lead pipe连通管inter-connecting pipe抽汽管道steam extraction pipe抽汽母管steam extraction header厂用蒸汽管道plant service steam piping厂用蒸汽母管plant service steam header蒸汽旁路系统steam bypass system蒸汽大旁路single stage steam bypass一级蒸汽旁路first stage steam bypass二级蒸汽旁路second stage steam bypass辅助蒸汽旁路auxiliary steam header供汽联箱steam header回汽联箱return steam header供水联箱water supply header回水联箱return water header门杆漏气管道valve lever steam leakage piping 轴封漏气管道shaft seal leakage 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dynamic performance test 调速系统静态特性试验governing system static performance test 甩负荷试验load-dump test ,load-rejection test空负荷试验no-load test满负荷试验full-load test超负荷试验overload test转子平衡试验rotor balancing test动平衡dynamic balancing静平衡static balancing热力试验thermodynamic test叶片频率试验blade frequency test投入运行to be put into operation开启opening关闭closing起动starting-up。

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毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院:能源与机械工程学院专业:热能与动力工程姓名:学号:外文出处:Thermal load deviation model for superheater and reheater of a utility boiler附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。

附件1:外文资料翻译译文电站锅炉的过热器和再热器的热偏差模型摘要:锅炉过热器和再热器的蒸汽温度产生的热偏差能严重影响其经济性及安全运行。

受热面热偏差是锅炉爆管事故的重要原因之一,约40%的电站强制断电都是由此导致的。

过热器和再热器的热偏差主要是在横向方向上。

这种变化在实验研究中很难实现。

在本文中,我们提出了一个热偏差模型是基于电厂热力学参数的热偏差理论和流量偏差理论的。

从我们模型的计算结果中发现其与实际测量的结果相符。

预测的锅炉爆管位置与无锡电厂的300MW电站锅炉再热器故障是相同的。

该模型也可以应用于不同的电站锅炉制造产品,并已成功地应用于锅炉爆管事故的预测和电站事故的预防。

1、介绍锅炉爆管事故往往发生在启机一段时间后运行中的电站锅炉过热器和再热器中,这对电站锅炉的经济性和安全性都有很大程度的影响。

通过观察发电站强制停运的约40%的原因都是锅炉爆管事故。

因此,锅炉爆管事故一直是电站锅炉强制停运的最大原因之一。

即使在美国,锅炉过热器与再热器管故障问题也是电站锅炉停运的首要因素。

消除锅炉爆管事故一年可以节省电力行业约5亿美元的资金。

据观察BTF(锅炉爆管事故)经常发生在同一锅炉部位的同一管段的同一材料部分。

为此,为了预防锅炉管事故,已经在锅炉制造及锅炉研发等方面做出了很大的努力。

电站锅炉在设计中横向方向上的缺陷是导致过热器和再热器爆管故障的主要原因。

例如,中国上海锅炉厂利用最近的(ABB-CE)专利技术设计制造的石横电厂1025t/h的蒸汽容量第五期电站锅炉。

该锅炉1987年6月30日开始商业化运行。

于1989年9月28日发生爆管事故,事故部位在过热器的锅炉管接头左手侧第55行最后阶段的焊接处。

此次锅炉爆管事故蒸汽流量图见图1。

1990年4月1日在同一位置又一次发生事故。

在另一种情况下,中国哈尔滨锅炉厂利用ABB-CE的最新的专利技术设计建立了第一个拥有评估工具的600MW平圩电厂锅炉。

此电站锅炉再热器管中的蒸汽温度偏差从左侧检测到右侧的范围为20-40℃(图1,编者注)。

其结果是蒸汽温度不能满足设计的要求,并影响电厂的安全和经济运行。

1992年8月10日在此设备的单独一个管上发生了爆管事故。

第三种情况,1988年9月23日,从日本进口的宝山钢铁公司电站锅炉也在经历着爆管事故。

事故发生位置是第五行右侧低焊接接头部位,并且原因是长期过热。

图1.无锡电厂300MW电站锅炉再热器蒸汽流程图值得提及的是,大部分的大容量电站锅炉使用的是四角切圆燃烧系统。

这种系统的主要优点是可以适应多样煤种,系统的高燃烧效率,稳定的热性能和低排放,这些都是四角切圆燃烧方式的固有优势。

这种类型的燃烧系统中,在炉膛内形成旋转型火焰并提供给每个炉壁均匀的热能,独立的单位负载及燃料输入。

切向燃烧锅炉所特有的功能是调节炉内蒸汽温度控制热量吸收,这是由倾斜喷嘴组件自动上下实现的。

因此过热器和再热器的温度偏差可以控制在对电厂热效率影响达到最小。

燃煤锅炉是与其他炉膛相比热吸收率和热利用率较高的一种。

它能够保证煤粉的完全燃烧以及最大的停留时间。

但是,四角切圆燃烧系统强劲的热负荷使涡紊流分布在水平气体通道中,从而增加了热负荷偏差。

随着大容量电站锅炉的发展,在高温高压的条件下操作,其结果是会提高锅炉横向方向上与水平方向上烟道的热偏差。

尽管四角切圆式燃烧系统有很多的有优点,但其具有的热偏差并不能完全消除。

为此随着其可用性的提高,这里提出了一个改进模型,对锅炉各管进行了设计变更,用以减轻热偏差的严重程度。

通过对许多电站锅炉过热器和再热器的的试验测量,其热偏差约在 1.15-1.25范围内。

实用程序中的四角切圆燃烧系统锅炉的热偏差分布几乎是相同的,基于ABB-CE计算标准,沿烟道横向方向上的最大热偏差取为1.12,其中包括各行之间的流量偏差。

图2.300MW电站锅炉流程图在本文中,我们提出了一个模型,是基于电厂热负荷偏差在现场的热力学参数、热偏差理论和流量偏差理论的。

该模型已被用于电站锅炉的设计,在设计阶段,预测可能出现的故障,并评估现有的设计。

该模型还可以用到不同类型的电站锅炉,并且已经成功的应用在电站锅炉爆管时间的预测和预防上。

在设计阶段,可以评估锅炉是否存在爆管风险,而并不能做任何避免这种情况的更改。

该模型可以识别某位置的最大温度偏差。

这里提到的ABB-CE计算标准只能识别最大温度偏差,但不能预测这个最大偏差的位置而且其最大热偏差小于试验测量值。

因此,提出此模型是非常必要的。

2、数学模型此电站锅炉过热器与再热器管系统的沿横向方向是平行布置的,示于图1-3。

此管系统是复杂的,并且其结构还取决于锅炉设计的实用程序类型。

文献[12,13]中提出了复杂的外表面转移的加热管热偏差理论计算。

介绍了锅炉过热器和再热器存在的几个不同的热传递模式,它包括前室气体辐射、后室气体辐射、管束辐射和对流热传递,示于图3。

将加热管分为不同的组,例如,第一和最后一个观众的流动方向、悬管、接触管、中间管和不同的间隔管。

在此模型中,每个管被划分在不同的锅炉管段。

文献[12]提出了流量偏差理论,用以解决复杂的锅炉管流速分布系统的热偏差。

图2为300MW电站锅炉的流程图。

再热器的每个管管排布置在图中也有详细指示。

图3也显示出蒸汽和烟气的方向。

图1是无锡电厂300MW电站锅炉再热器的蒸汽流量方向示意图。

图3.再热器最终管板与管排布置蒸汽入口和出口端口的分配集流管和三通接头收集数据图中也有显示。

从再热器的蒸汽流入的分配头通过四个三通接头。

从分配集流管的管子被分在再热器管列管组,示于图1,2. 一个管列的再热器分为两列管列。

最后的再热器加热管管行由60个管组装,示于图1,3此管组蒸汽流量与其他电站锅炉系统有所不同,流量结果与其他一些管相比较低。

里外管组过度过热可能导致水冷壁温高于可接受的范围,导致管烧坏。

热负荷模拟模型流程图提出的计算方法示于图4.热偏差模型包括三个部分,即模型的结构偏差、流量偏差、热负荷偏差。

通过电站锅炉数据库文件的帮助,结构偏差模型是用来描述过热器和再热器实际结构,并用于计算的结构偏差。

流量偏差模型模拟的是力量和每个锅炉管所吸收的热量。

热偏差模型用于计算管子外表面吸收的热量。

通过以下方式获得热风和偏差,一个迭代过程基础上的三个模型和原位数据。

2.1热偏差数学模型热偏差是加热管/行的焓升与过热器和再热器管平均焓升的比值。

热偏差系数ζ被表示为一个函数的热偏差系数th η,结构偏差系数st η,和流量偏差系数fl η如下: flst th av av avav av av G G F F q q G G Q Q i i ηηηζ⨯=⨯=⨯=∆∆= (1)图4.模拟计算算法流程图基于热偏差理论将每个锅炉管分为数段。

每个管段保持一个能量平衡,例如,一个管段A 吸收的总能量a Q 通过能量平衡计算前气室吸收的总辐射能量a fr Q ,后气室吸收的辐射能量a rr Q ,管束辐射能量a mr Q ,和管束对流热量a mc Q 。

a mc a mr a fr a Q Q Q Q ++= (2)前烟气室管段A 吸收的辐射能量afr Q :a a fr a fr fr fr l a fr a fr F q xf s l q Q ⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯⨯=ξτ (3)后烟气室管段A 吸收的辐射能量,a mr Q ,被定义为:a a rr a rr rr rr l a mr a mr F q xf s l q Q ⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯⨯=ξτ (4)管段A 的管束辐射能量,a mr Q ,被定义为:a a mr a mr a mr a mr F a xf s l q Q ⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯=ξ22 (5)管段A 的管束对流换热能量,a mc Q ,被定义为如下式子:a a mc a mc a mc a mc F q l d q Q ⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯=ξπ (6) 管段A 所吸收的总能量,a Q ,可以通过它们的和表示:a mc a mc a mr a mr a rr a rr a fr a fr a a mc a mr a a fr a q q q q F Q Q Q Q Q ξξξξττ⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯=+++=( (7)热偏差在水平和垂直方向上的能量a wh Q 用热偏差系数w th η定义,在垂直方向上的热偏差系数如下:a h th w th a wh Q Q ⨯⨯=,,ηη)(,,a mc a mc a mr a mr a rr a rr a fr afr a h th w th q q q q F ξξξξηη⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯⨯⨯= (8)考虑到计算出的管段温度的不同,并且平均直径的不同,为保证计算管段A 吸收总热量的质量,式子可改写如下:h th w th ava wh a tot t t Q Q ,,ηη⨯=∆∆⨯= av a mc a mc a mr a mr a rr a rr a fr a fr a t t q q q q F ∆∆⨯⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯⨯)(ξξξξ (9) 每个管吸收的总能量如下表示:∑==++++=ni i tot d totc tot b tot a tot tot Q Q Q Q Q Q 1... (10) 其中将不同管段分为A ,B ,C ...等。

图5.300MW 电站锅炉再热器出口外墙金属温度分布图2.2热偏差的因素表1示出了管束辐射传热偏差,以及前后烟气室对流换热偏差的影响因素。

⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=-5.022212201cos 12s d s d s d d S E (11) 2.3流量偏差的数学模型根据流量偏差理论,在Z 型排列的分配集流管中的x 位置,静态压力用x d p ,表示,见如下式子:()[]()[]⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧-----=32,11311176.0x x H p d d x d α (12) Z 型布置的过热器管顶部任意位置x 的静压分布被定义为:()[]()[]⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧--+--=32,1131112x x H p c c x c α (13) 假设一复杂的过热器系统由n 行管头构成,其流量偏差及计算方程如下: 2111,1,G k p p c d ⨯=-..2,,i i i c i d G k p p ⨯=-..2,,n n n c n d G k p p ⨯=-∑==ni i G G 1 (14)其中i c i d p p ,,-是分配集流管合采集管的第i 个管排的压力,2i i G k ⨯是第i 个管排的压降。

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