英美文化(Religion)
英美国家文化概况(中英文对照)-美国 精品
美国文化概况Chapter 1 Population, race and ethnic groups第一章人口和种族1) Introduction①American is the third most populous country in the world, with 255.5 million people. It isa nation of immigrants. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. There are many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration in the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America.美国是世界上的第三大人口国，总人口约2.555亿，仅次于中国和印度。
美国是一个移民大国，移民人口是其人口总数增长的重要原因。
美国的有着不同民族和种族的人口。
在目前美国移民人口中，80%-90%来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。
美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。
人口迁徙在美国十分普遍。
2) Black people and the Civil Rights Movement①blacks and slaveryThe largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., which 12.1 per cent of the population; the first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12.1%；1619年最早的人人作为奴隶被运至美国。
英美文化 (英国部分答案)
(判断题)Chapter 11. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F)2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T)3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F)5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T)2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4. Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success i n dealing with all the British economic and social problems.(F)5. The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics from economic policy.(T)7. Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8. Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51. The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)2. Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3. The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4. When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a nationalGCSE examination.(T)5. Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6. The Times is the world’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7. The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)(选择题)Chapter 11. The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. NorthernIreland4. English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD.pronunciation8. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 21. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 41. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37. The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 51. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.Over of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needA. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6. Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7. is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime(简答题)Chapter 11. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottishscenery, to drink the scotchwhisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old English , middle English ,modern English .3. Why did English become more important after the Black Death?A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .Chapter 21. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in alm ost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.2. What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states.3. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union.Chapter 31. What the three functions of the house of commons?A: the three functionsare : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the governmentpolicy.2. What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’sconstitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.3. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ?A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.Chapter 41. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment .in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.Chapter 51. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom? Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government.。
《英美文化概论》课程教学大纲
0.5
讲授
0.5
网络平台作业
20
5.2
5.2英国和美国的工业概况
两国工业各自的特点
M1
1
讲授
1
网络平台作业
21
5.3
5.3英国和美国的农业概括
两国农业各自的特点
M1
1
讲授
1
网络平台作业
22
5.4
5.4英国和美国的经济贸易
两国经济贸易各自的特点；
结合中美贸易战，指出美方的霸权主义
M1
0.5
讲授
0.5
是
三、课程内容
序号
章节号
标题
课程内容/重难点
支撑课程目标
课内学时
教学方式
课外学时
课外环节
1
第1章
第1章英美两国的地形特点概述
本章重点难点：英国和美国的地形特点；美国地理位置对其经济发展的重要性；美国地理位置对其经济发展的重要性
M1
4
讲授
4
网络平台作业
2
1.1
1.1英国和美国的地理位置
英国和美国的地理位置、地理方面重要特征
This is a selective course for the application and further improvement of college English. By introducing the geography, history, society, culture, politics and other aspects of the United States and the United Kingdom, it elaborates the formation and development process of the cultural traditions and core values of the United States and the United Kingdom. It is helpful for learners to understand the way of thinking, values and lifestyles of the UK and the US. This course could equip students with certain ability to comprehend the social and cultural phenomena in UK and the US. Besides, students' language skill and cultural sensitivity when interacting with the British and the Americans would also be enhanced.
英美国家文化概况（中英文对照）-英国
英美国家文化概况（中英文对照）-英国英国文化概况Chapter 1 Land and People第一章英国的国土与人民Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1. Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
古希腊神话与宗教Religion and Myth--英美文化
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Athena (雅典娜)
•She is the goddess of
wisdom and patron goddess
of Athens.
•She was associated with
warfare, arts, and handcrafts.
•Born:
Artemis (阿尔忒弥斯)
•Artemis and Apollo are
twins.
•She watched over
childbirth and guarded wild creatures.
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Ares (阿瑞斯)
•Ares is the son of Zeus
The Greeks endowed their deities with physical bodies and individual personalities, creating a fascinating blend of charm and cruelty, beauty and childishness, love of justice and caprice.
Ancient Greek Civilization
Religion and Myth Reporter: xuemei Qin
Religion
and myth was a shared heritage of all Greeks and inseparable part of both private and public affairs.
goddess of love and beautiful . •Aphrodite has married to Hephaestus ,the ugly and lame son of Zeus who was master of
99%的中国人会长期误解的英美文化知识
99% 的中国人会长期误解的英美文化知识乱七八糟的都讲一点，是真正的杂谈，资料来源主要是英美人的宪法法律法规历史教材等等，为了阅读方便，前面不注明出处，最后会一一列出。
很多错误，历史来源已久，一般是翻译错误，尤其是因为翻译者的参考文献渠道不足。
我能在这里纠正，主要是因为今天的电子资讯手段足够发达。
1. 美国的50 个“州”，应该翻译为50“国”，“美利坚合众国”应该翻译为“美利坚联合国”。
这问题很复杂，后面慢慢谈。
2. 美利坚联合国是没有规定官方语言的。
其他各国（州），有的有规定，有的没有。
英语只是事实上的通用语，因为使用的人最多；西班牙语是英语之后的第二大共同语，占全国人口12%，因为美国这片土地的最早征服者是西班牙人；第三大共同语，是广东话，不是中国普通话，主要是移民文化决定的。
在美国法庭认证的口译服务中，有广东话(Cantonese)、福建/闽南话(Fukienese)、台山话(Toisanese)、客家话(Hakkanese)、上海话(Shanghainese)，等等。
目前为止，官方中文版以繁体字居多。
美国最早的建国业绩，应该从西班牙人开始算起，虽然当时他们对美洲本地人作恶多端。
3. NBA 中的费城76人队(Philadelphia 76ers)，不是指76 个队员，应该叫美国1776 年人队，或者叫76 年人队。
球队的英文名为Philadelphia 76ers。
这只球队的组建，是为了纪念1776 年《独立宣言》在费城的签署，在英文中spirit of seventy-six 就是指1776 年的独立宣言精神，有一部电影就叫The Spirit of '76，也是指这段历史。
英文的拼法，一般美国人是不会理解错误的，中文翻译为76 人，显然不恰当。
4. 其次谈谈美国的爱尔兰人。
英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰在历史上都曾经是彼此独立的国家。
跟中国不同，他们之间始终没有被彻底征服和消灭，其中奥妙就是里通外国，苏格兰和爱尔兰都打不过英格兰，不想被吞并，苏格兰请法国人帮忙，爱尔兰请西班牙人帮忙。
英美文化概况课件
宗教信仰与道德观念
宗教信仰
英国的宗教信仰主要是基督教，而美国则更 为多元化，包括基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教 等。
道德观念
英国人重视传统道德观念和社会秩序，而美 国人则更注重个人自由和权利。
05
跨文化交际策略
BIG DATA EMPOWERS TO CREATE A NEW
ERA
提高跨文化意识
意识到文化差异的存在
的独特性。
避免文化优越感
02
不以自己文化的标准去评判其他文化，认识到每种文化都有其
独特的价值和意义。
促进平等交流
03
在交际过程中，平等对待不同文化背景的人，避免歧视或排斥
。
掌握跨文化交际技巧
提高语言沟通能力
学习并掌握英语或其他跨文化交际语言，以 便更好地交流和理解。
灵活应对文化冲突
遇到文化冲突时，能够灵活调整自己的交际 策略，化解矛盾和误解。
善于倾听和观察
在交际过程中，积极倾听对方的意见和观点 ，观察对方的文化习俗和行为方式。
利用文化知识解决实际问题
将所学的文化知识运用到实际交际中，提高 解决跨文化交际问题的能力。
BIG DATA EMPOWERS TO CREATE A NEW ERA
06
英美文化在全球化背景下的影响与传 播
英美文化在全球的传播与影响
ERA
美国历史与民族
美国历史
从殖民地时期、独立战争、西进运动到现代社会，美国历史的演变塑造了其独 特的民族性格和文化。
多元民族
美国是一个多元民族的国家，各个族群带来了各自的文化传统和习俗，形成了 丰富多彩的民族特色。
美国文学与电影
文学
美国文学深受欧洲文学的影响，同时又具有独特的创新性， 如马克·吐温、海明威等作家的作品。
英美文化概论提纲
英美文化概论提纲Unit 1 a brief introduction to the united kingdom 1一 a brief introduction1．全称 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland--P17 III 12．构成England LondonScotland EdinburghWales CardiffNothern Ireland Belfast--P17 III23．历史A公元43世纪RomanB公元7世纪Anglo –saxons 安格鲁撒克逊人C 8世纪末阿尔弗雷德大帝King Alfred北欧海盗D 1066年诺曼征服NormansWilliam of NormandyBattle of HastingsKing Harold4.英国内战 civil war 资产阶级革命二Scotland1. Glasgow 最大城市 --P16 II 82. 大学15世纪 ancient and international university --P17 III 11三WalesUnlike England it did not fall to the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the 5th century --P16 II 11名词解释London：the largest city located in the south of the country .London is dominant in the UK in all fields；government finance and culture.London is one of the top three financial centers in the worldUnit 2 a brief introduction to the united kingdom iiNorthern Ireland1.宗教爱尔兰人是天主教徒 Catholics英国人是新教徒 Protestants--P33 I 62.1921年独立 Irish State (分水岭)3.爱尔兰南部26郡成立自由邦北部6 郡仍属英国—P34 II 104 .Loyalist 民族派希望加入爱尔兰共和国Unionist 联合派亲英国5.The official IRA 倾向于政治手段解决–P34 III 4The Provisional IRA 军事–P35 III 5“The Bullet and the Ballot Box”—P35 III 106.区分 Sinn Fein是政党 --P33 I 8/P35 III 11,121919 IRA是军事团体非政党7 .1973年 Power-Sharing mechanism权利分享机制—P34 II 88.1972 “Bloody Sunday”—P34 II 79．1985 Anglo-Irish agreement --P33 I 910． Downing –Street Declaration唐宁街宣言授权英军司令直接干预北爱治安事务名词解释1．”Home-rule”:1914年被签署成为法律。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
There isn’t only one way to live on the earth. Religion has a different way of understanding the world. Sometimes, the people who don’t believe in religion may think it’s kind of strange. But we should respect their mode of thinking. I think it gives people more choice of understanding the world but not only the way told by Einstein or Darwin, or Aristotle. We can think more before making choice.
பைடு நூலகம்Speaker:
The world ,including human-beings, is created and made by the god.
They have their own system of good and evil, charity is the main point of their doctrine， they believe in karma.
They have their rule of doing things.
Self-conquest is far better than the conquest of others. 战胜自己远胜于战胜他人。 Should a person commit evil, don’t let him do it again and again. Don’t let him find pleasure , for painful is the accumulation of evil. 若人造了恶，他不应重犯，不应乐于造恶，累积邪恶将导 致痛苦。 One who violence others for their own happiness, will not attain happiness hereafter. 伤害他人以求己乐者，来世不得安乐。 Knowledge and conduct must be developed at the same time. Two things can be done at the same time. 智明与行为必须同时开发，两件事可以同时去做。