武汉理工大学2009年英语语言学考研真题
武汉理工大学(已有2009)考研真题下载
普通物理2002——2009
运筹学2002——2008（注：2002年试卷有两种）
物理化学2002——2009
有机化学2002——2007
无机化学2002——2009
化学原理2008——2009
基础无机化学2007
物理化学原理2007
高等数学2007，2009
高等数学（工）2002——2006，2008
高等数学（二）2004
高等数学（文）2003——2005
复试科目：应用化学专业复试2003
复试科目：应用数学专业复试2003
复试科目：固体力学专业复试2003
资源与环境工程学院
物理化学2002——2009
材料力学1997——2000，2002——2009
岩石力学1997——2000，2002
采矿学2002
安全工程学2007——2009
爆破工程2002——2009（注：2003年称“凿岩爆破”）
流体力学2002——2004
胶体化学2003——2009
结晶矿物学2003——2006
环境学概论2004——2009
环境化学2004——2007
环境流体力学2002，2005——2007
国际金融学2002，2004——2009（2002，2004有答案）
国际市场营销2002
财政学2007
产业经济学2002，2006——2009（2002有答案）
电子商务概论2008——2009
运输经济学2002——2009
区域经济学2007
人力资源管理2007
管理学概论2004——2007（2004有答案）
武汉理工大研究生英语
武汉理工大学2008—2009学年第一学期 期末考试试卷 课程名称：《 研究生英语 》 （B ）卷 考试形式：闭卷、笔试 题 号 一 二 三 四 总分 得 分 得 分 评阅人 错误！未找到引用源。
VOCABULARY （20×0.5=10 points ） Directions: Choose the best answer to each question from A, B, C or D, and mark it on the ANSWER SHEET. There appears so many phenomenon that ___ common sense in science study. A defy B reject C refuse D neglect The two most important ___ in making a cake are flour and sugar. A elements B components C ingredients D constituents They commited ___ crimes to the country and the people. A huge B vast C immense D enormous Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ___. A capacity B strength C length D possibility These recommendations will need to be ___ to the committee before they can be implemented. A cultivated B justified C notified D informed Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of ___ grouping is advisable. A instantaneous B spontaneous C rigorous D homogeneous It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to ___ in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. A interfere B incur C intrude D initiate The virus ____ by attaching to a cell and injecting its nucleic acid once inside the cell. A replicas B replicates C repudiate D requisite Although fats and oils are as nutritionally important as energy sources, medical research indicates that ___ fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries. A saturated B prevaded （错） C permeated D penetrated The detective investigation the murder case examined the body, inspected the scene of the crime, and ___ the weapon for clues.A auditB scrutinizedC scrutiny （错）D scrupleIn the Spring Export Commodities Fair, the ___ of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world.A stringB processionC arrayD successionWe should make a clear ___ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.A distinctionB discriminationC deviationD seperation院（系）：专业：年级：学生姓名： 学号： _______ -------------密----------------------------------封-----------------------------线---------------------------------------------------------Diamonds have little ___ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A extinctB permanentC surplusD intrinsicThe magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an ___.A illusionB impressionC imageD illuminationIn ___ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favourable climate.A primeB primitiveC primaryD preliminary___ of organic foods ---a term whose meaning varies greatly frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious.A MerchantsB InspectorsC ConsumersD AdvocatesBefore the new President took office, he ___ the men and women who were to serve in his cabinet.A descendedB designatedC depressedD destinedIn winter especially, it is important for birds to keep warm at night and ___ precious food reserves.A conserveB watchC locateD shareBefore social inequality can be alleviated its principal causes must be ___.A denouncedB relievedC diagnosedD controlledNew oceanic crust is formed along one or more ___of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth’s crust.A peaksB marginsC interiorsD distances得分评阅人错误！未找到引用源。
2009年考研英语真题答案及解析
【补充】 consider 在这里等同于 take…(as an example)。
2.[A] tended (to) 倾向于…… [B] feared 害怕 [C] happened(to)碰巧…… [D] threatened (to) 威胁要去做……
【答案】A
【考点】动词搭配
【解析】从空格后面的 to 可首先排除 B，因为 fear 不与 to 连用。再结合文章题材看，文章是科技类，而科技类文章
【答案】 C
【考点】逻辑搭配
【解析】空所在的语境为： experiment on humans.显然表达的是在人身上进行试验，表示“在……进行试验”
只有用 perform experiment on，故答案为 C。
14.[A] by chance 偶然 [B] in contrast 相反 [C] as usual 照常 [D] for instance 例如
18.[A] Above all 首先 [B] After all 毕竟 [C] However 然而 [D] Otherwise 否则
【答案】 A
【考点】逻辑搭配
【解析】空所在的前后语境为：他们会测试……；它们会尽力去……； ，它们会希望研究……。显然这是三个
并列句，而最后一句的语义显然强于前面两句，表示强调的只有选项 A，故本题答案为 A。
一个技能就是知道何时需要停顿下来。
有限的智力是否也有着适应价值呢？这就是这次新研究后面的问题。这个问题并非是从智商的角度去回头
看那些已经灭绝的物种，而是隐含地询问我们智力的实际成本可能是什么。这一问题一直环绕在我见过的每一
个人。
对动物智力的研究也让我思考：如果动物有机会的话，它们会在人类身上进行什么样的实验。比如，每一
2009年考研英语真题
2009年考研英语真题1. IntroductionThe 2009 Graduate Entrance Examination for English (考研英语) is an important examination that tests the English proficiency of students applying for graduate programs in China. This article aims to provide an overview and analysis of the 2009 exam.2. Exam StructureThe 2009 exam consisted of three sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and translation. Each section tested different skills and knowledge of the English language.2.1 Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section tested the ability of the candidates to understand spoken English. It consisted of multiple-choice questions based on short conversations and long passages. The questions ranged from understanding specific details to overall comprehension of the audio material.2.2 Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section tested the candidates’ ability to read and understand written English. It consisted of multiple-choice questions based on short passages and longer texts. The questions assessed the candidat es’ understanding of the main ideas, supporting details, and vocabulary usage.2.3 TranslationThe translation section tested the candidates’ ability to translate English sentences into Chinese. It required a good understanding of both English and Chinese language structures and proper usage of vocabulary.3. Analysis of the Exam3.1 Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section in the 2009 exam was challenging, with a variety of question types and difficulty levels. The short conversations tested the candidates’ ability to understand everyday spoken English, while the longer passages required more in-depth comprehension. Timing was crucial, as candidates had limited time to listen and answer the questions.3.2 Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section featured a mix of short passages and longer texts on various topics, such as science, history, and literature. The questions were designed to assess the candidates’ ability to comprehend the main ideas, draw logical inferences, and understand vocabulary in context. Some questions required close reading and analysis, making this section quite demanding.3.3 TranslationThe translation section tested the candidates’ language proficiency and translation skills. They were required to accurately translate English sentences into Chinese, taking into account the context and meaning of the original text. This section required a good understanding of both languages and the ability to convey concepts accurately.4. Preparation TipsHere are some tips for candidates preparing for the 2009 English exam:4.1 Listening Comprehension•Practice listening to various audio materials (such as podcasts or news broadcasts) to improve your listening skills.•Familiarize yourself with different English accents to ensure you can understand them during the exam.•Take mock listening exams to simulate the actual test conditions and improve your speed and accuracy.4.2 Reading Comprehension•Read a variety of English texts, including articles, essays, and academic papers, to expand your vocabulary and improve readingcomprehension.•Practice summarizing and analyzing the main ideas and supporting details of the texts you read.•Take timed reading comprehension tests to improve your speed and efficiency.4.3 Translation•Enhance your language skills by practicing translation exercises regularly.•Read and analyze translated texts to understand different translation techniques and strategies.•Familiarize yourself with specific vocabulary and expressions commonly used in the translation section of the exam.5. ConclusionThe 2009 Graduate Entrance Examination for English was a comprehensive test of English proficiency. Candidates needed a strong foundation in listening, reading, and translation skills to perform well. By understanding the exam structure and following the preparation tips provided, candidates could improve their chances of success in the exam.。
英语考研真题
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to besmarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning —a gradual 7 —instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with anowner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. Theywould try to decide what intelligence in humans i s really 17 , not merely how much o f it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D]Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D]threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D]dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D]priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D]backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far[D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting ourbrains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century,even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered thatwhen w e consciously develop new habits, we c reate parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thoughtonto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead,the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallelpathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open M ind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we a re taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploringthe many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. Atpuberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes o f thought that have seemed m ost valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative andcollaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in theAmerican belief system —that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. K nowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing n ew habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments s uggest that the practice of standard testing A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man c an boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK)at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs s ince they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public ,ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouthand sending it to the company f or testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some o bservers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ance stry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inh erited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA canreveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six othergreat-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as goodas the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some c ompanies don’t rely on dat a collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This meansthat a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processesthe results. In addition, the computer programs a company u ses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alikeprogress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however,the conventional view that education should be one of the very highestpriorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performancewould require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the UnitedStates. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The . workforce was derided as poorly educated andone of primary cause of the poor . economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet theresearch revealed that the . factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that . workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers inHouston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotesthe development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were huntersand gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much a bout anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its foodin a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level ofeducation is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition forthe complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may b e possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal educat ion, however, doesn’t constrain the ability ofthe developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivityfor the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new e ducation system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor forcemajor difference between the Japanese and workforces is that__________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the workforce has a better education[D] ]the workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that educationemerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are theministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere elsein colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectualpursuits ” According to many books and articles, New E ngland’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean t o start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may n ot neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New w orld circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of importantepisodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility andvirtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressiveeducation and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learnedministers who came t o Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were lesswell educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, whoemigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leavingEngland that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name t ogether in a decisive moment when h e opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settlehis fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touchno unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One w onders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments thanDane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in MassachusettsBay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanderswere often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-Gto fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, whichdo not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolutionproposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. .American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, wasone of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted toshow how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist FranzBoas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as theresult of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging toa broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. .Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study ofculture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of manystudents of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to theinventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. .Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist émile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheimproposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society andculture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such asinventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle hecalled the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced racesand societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve apeople’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formallysignify children’s entrance into adultho od.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structureof families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership ofproperty, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated partsthat work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J.Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egyptand diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these culturaldevelopments occurred separately at different times in many p arts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully onANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets fromliving with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former casethe education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institutionis its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a partof its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desireto secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; familylife in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematiclabor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only graduallywas the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today,in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift,the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human a ssociation under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediatehuman fact, gains in While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in theirattitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common lifewe cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human e ffect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process whichwe have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of directtuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formalteaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal totheir group.Sectio n Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful insome regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter tothe editor(s) of your local newspaper to1)give your opinions briefly and2)make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at theend of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write theaddress.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。
2009年考研英语真题答案完整版
2009年考研英语真题答案完整版：1-10 BADBC BDCAB11-20 CADDA DCBBD21-25 BDAAA26-30 ACAAB31-35DBBCC36-40 DDDAC41-45 35216Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.46题有人说，测量任何学校的价值是扩大和提高经验的影响，这种影响是最初动机的一部分47题只有逐渐注意机构的副产品，并且逐渐增多，它才能初人民认为是机构产品的一个直接因素。
武汉理工大学815英语语言学02-10年真题
2010年武汉理工大学815英语语言学考研真 题
2009年武汉理工大学815英语语言学考研真 题
2008年武汉理工大学815英语语言学考研真 题
2007年武汉理工大学455英语语言学考研真 题
2006年武汉理工大学55语言学及英美文学 考研真题（语言学部分）
2004年武汉理工大学455语言学及英美文学 考研真题（语言学部分）
2003年武汉理工大学语言学考研真题
2002年武汉理工大学语言学考研真题
目 录
2010年武汉理工大学815英语语言学考研真题 2009年武汉理工大学815英语语言学考研真题 2008年武汉理工大学815英语语言学考研真题 2007年武汉理工大学455英语语言学考研真题 2006年武汉理工大学455英语语言学考研真题 2005年武汉理工大学455语言学及英美文学考研真题（语言学部分） 2004年武汉理工大学455语言学及英美文学考研真题（语言学部分） 2003年武汉理工大学语言学考研真题 2002年武汉理工大学语言学考研真题
武汉理工大学 基础英语 2003
武汉理工大学2009年研究生入学考试题课程代号619 课程名称基础英语Section One: Reading Comprehension (30)Direction:In this section there are four reading passages followed by 20 multiple-choice questions. You should decide on the best choice and BLACKEN the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEETQuestions 1 to 10Passage OneThe Spaniards and the Portuguese had been exploring the Indian Sea and the Pacific Ocean for more than a century before Holland and England appeared on the stage. This proved an advantage to the latter, because the first rough work had been done. The earliest navigators had often made themselves so unpopular with American natives that English and Dutch, who were both more interested in obtaining spices, gold, silver, and taxes, than influencing the locals, were welcomed as friends and delivers. Later, the French replaced the Dutch as rivals with England. In 1497 Cabot had planted the English flag in the northern part of America, and 27 years later, Verrazano had planted the French flag. Both nations proclaimed themselves the owner of the entire continent.During the 17th century, some ten small English colonies had been founded between Maine and the Carolinas, usually havens for English dissenters such as puritans and Quakers, who began to make a new life free from Royal supervision and interference. In contrast, the French colonies always remained a possession of the crown, populated by people who expected to return to Paris when the chance arose. However, after a century of exploration, a line of sixty French forts cut off the English settlements along the Atlantic seaboard from the interior.From about 1690 until the Treaty of Paris in 1763, both nations sought for possession of North America. The English navy was superior and managed to ensure France was cut off from its colonies, resulting in the entire north of America falling into British hands when peace was declared.However, only a small part of this vast domain was inhabited. From Massachusetts in the north, why the Pilgrims had settled in 1620, to the Carolinas and Virginia, where tobacco-raising profits had been the motivation to settle, the area was sparsely populated. The American colonists hated the restraint and lack of breathing space which had made their lives so unhappy in the old country, and now wanted to be their own masters. This, the ruling classes of England did not seem to understand. The war between England and her American colonies lasted seven years.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(a) the history of early exploration in the Americas (b) colonial exploration in the 17th century(c) the successes of the English and Dutch in colonization (d) European colonial rivalry an the battle for America2. The phrase “appeared on the stage” in tine 2 is closest in meaning to _____.(a) were noticed (b)arrived (c)succeeded (d)influenced3. The word “this” in line 2 refers to _______.(a)the first rough work (c) Spaniards and Portuguese (b)had been exploring(d) Holland and England appeared4. According to the passage, the main difference between the Spanish and Portuguese, and the English and Dutch, was_______.(a) the former had been exploring for longer (b) the latter also had the French as rivals(c) the former were more unpopular (d) the latter were less interested in influence5. The word “havens” in line 9 is closest in meaning to ______.(a) shelters (b) paradises (c) settlements (d) escapes6. The author mentions that “the French colonies always remained a possession of the crown”in tines 10 as an example of ______.(a} why the French were able to cut off the English from the Atlantic seaboard(b) the French preference for building forts(c} comparison with the English colonies(d) Why the Puritans and Quakers chose English locations to settle7. The “Treaty of Paris” mentioned in line 13 _______(a) was signed in North America(b) was signed in 1690(c) did not end the conflict(d) confirmed all of North America under British control8. The word “domain” in line 16 is closest in meaning to _______.(a) America (b) area (c) the Colonies (d) size9. The word “motivation” in line 14 is closest in meaning to _______.(a) incentive (b) necessary (c) requirement (d) occupation10.Which of the following best describes what the ruling classes of England did not seem to understand about the American colonists?(a) they did not like the English class system (b) they wanted a war with English(c) they wanted greater freedom (d) they preferred the fresh air of AmericanQuestions 11-20Passage TwoPatent medicine used in America dates back to the early days of the Republic, when drugs imported from Europe were sold by postmasters, goldsmiths, grocers, and tailors. Their use expanded during the Jacksonian era as Americans rebelled against traditional doctors and enthusiastically endorsed quackery. Increasing urbanization and industrialization also fed the market for patent medicines, as new drugs were needed to combat epidemics. But these sales, by mid-century, were due to two non-medical events.Patent legislation in 1793 made it possible for manufactures to protect their product against counterfeiters. But most manufacturers did not seek patents on the formulas for their medicines, since these were often combinations of common products like alcohol and vegetable extracts which they preferred not to reveal. Instead, they sought patents on the shape of the bottle, promotional materials, and label information.The number of newspapers published in the country grew from 200 during Jefferson's administration to over 4000 at the time of Lincoln's presidency. The penny press, begun by Benjamin Day in 1833, was marked at a mass audience and cost just one cent per issue. To recover revenue lost from subscription prices, Day and others sought profits through advertising. Patent medicine was the perfect product to advertise in penny papers since its sensational claims buttressed the sensational bent of the news and stories in them.“Lydia Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound”was the most successful patent medicine of the century, and Mrs. Pinkham’s face was known across the country. Like most Americans, she was convinced that Divine Providence had stocked the promised land with vegetables and herbs unknown elsewhere, which could cure disease. Mrs Pinkham received the basic formula for her nostrum as payment for a debt owed her husband. As a result of severe economic hardships for her family, she began heavy promotion of the medicine in Boston newspapers in 1876, and her son attached his mother's picture to the product. Thus was born modern advertising. Mrs. Pinkham was popular with her female followers for her feminist bent, and for the fact that she encouraged them to write her for advice. An analysis of the compound by the AMA in 1914 revealed it was 20 percent alcohol, with the rest made of vegetable extracts.11. What aspect of patent medicine does the passage mainly discuss?(A) the dangers(C) as an example of quackery (B) why it was so popular (D) the most successful products12. The word “these” in paragraph 1 refers to______.(A) the market (C) new drugs (B) patent medicines (D) non-medical events13. The word “reveal” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.(A) hide (B) advertise (C) expose (D) know14. The author implies that which of the following was the reason why most manufactures preferred not to seek patents on their medicines?(A) they made more money from the bottle than the contents(B) they considered it wasn’t necessary because of the high demand for these products(C) the patent legislation was not an effective protection against copies(D) they usually blended common products into medicines15. According to the paragraph 3, the result of marketing the penny press at a mass audience was_______.(A) a decrease in revenue (C) increased advertising (B) decreased subscriptions(D) increased sales of patent medicines16. Which of the following did patent medicine and the penny press have in common, according to the passage?(A) an approach to gaining attention of the public (B) a belief in advertising(C) the need to recover money (D) a mass audience17. What was the origin of the formula for Mrs. Pinkham’s compound?(A) Divine Providence (B) Payment for a debt (C) Vegetables (D) It was unknown18. The word “thus” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_______.(A) and so (B) in conclusion (C) in summary (D) therefore19. Why does the author mention Mrs. Pinkham’s photo?(A) because of her son (B) to help explain why she was so popular with women(C) because of her husband (D) as an example of the promotional approach20. Women were attracted to Mrs. Pinkham because _______.(A) of her photo (B) of her product (C) of her interest in them (D) of her sonQuestions 21 to 30Passage ThreeCommunication researchers have found that most of a message is carried in non-verbal ways. The importance of this is that awareness of non-verbal messages can significantly influence the effectiveness of any communication. For example, one study found that up to 55% of the impact comes through facial expressions and another 30% from tone of voice and inflection. The research shows that three basic emotions are conveyed non-verbally. First, it is the extent to which we like or dislike others. Eye contact is the major indication of liking. People communicating normally look at each other about 40-60% of the time, and more eye contact than this, indicates liking, while less indicates dislike. Second, it is the extent of submissiveness or dominance. This is conveyed by the environment as well as by the speaker. Third, it is responsiveness --- positive, negative, or mixed - that others arouse in us. Posture, for example, leaning toward or away from another, has a great deal to do with this. Showing, responsiveness by leaning forward, nodding, and increasing eye contact will likely stimulate the speaker to continue on his or her current line of thought, for example.Thus, non-verbal communication, or what is often generally referred to today as "body language", is mostly unconscious communication that shows the actual emotions the speaker or listener feels, and is a reliable indicator of these feelings. It determines how the spoken words will be interpreted, and is difficult to manipulate or disguise in any communication. The listener, by monitoring both verbal and non-verbal communication can get a clearer picture of the message, especially where mixed signals are being sent. Here, the non-verbal messages are more reliable than the verbal ones. For speakers, on the other hand, non-verbal communication presents both problems and potential contributions. Public speakers sometimes talk of a "cough-meter" by which they measure audience reaction; And foran audience, darting eyes, palms not visible, shifting from one foot to another, hand covering mouth or fingers tugging at the ear are clues. Whenever there is a conflict between the words that someone says and their body signals and movements, we almost always believe their body!21. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Communication styles.B. The complexity of communication.C. Non-verbal communication.D. The way feelings affect speaking.22. The author implies that only 15% of the impact of communication comes fromA. facial expressions.B. tone of voice.C. eye contact.D. words spoken23. The word “impact” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. importanceB. messageC. effectD. achievement24. The wor d “this” in paragraph 1 refers toA. indication of liking.B. communicating normally.C. looking at each other.D. about 40-60% of the time.25. Why does the author mention "the environment" in paragraph 1?A. Because this can influence behavior.B. Because it is as important as the speaker.C. Because submission or dominance involves two people.D. Because it conveys our likes and dislikes.26. According to the passage, leaning forward may be an example ofA. interestB. positive response.C. mixed attitude.D. increased eye contact27. According to the passage, body language is a reliable measure ofA. listening.B. responsiveness.C. meanings.D. feelings.28 The word “here” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.A. in the caseB. at this stageC. howeverD. also29. The word “potential” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.A. unwantedB. unavoidableC. possibleD. welcome30.According to the passage, if a speaker has closed fists it is a sign of _______.A. angerB. emphasisC. a clueD. reactionSection Two：Multiple Choices (20)Directions: There are 20 sentences below, in each of which there is an underlined word. You should choose in the ONE answer that is closest in meaning to it and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Itinerant preachers played an important role in United States religious history.(A) Protestant (B)Unofficial (C) Evangelical (D) Traveling32. I noticed that the short man had a swarthy complexion, a heavy beard, and kept both hands in his topcoat pockets.(A) pale-coloured (B} pink (C) dark-colour (D) pallid33. The union's grievance committee met with the school board to protest the teachers firing.(A) personnel (B) investment (C) charity (D) complaint34. Natural silk is obtained by unraveling the thin threads of the cocoons spun by the caterpillars of the silkworm moth.(A) unwinding (B) unleashing (C) undulating (D) undertaking35. The rose may grow as a low bush or as a tree, depending on how it is pruned.(A) nourished (B)trimmed (C) planted (D) watered36. A talented actress, Ruth Draper, was able to portray an impressive range of characters by seeming tonothing more than change her attire and props.(A) dialect (B)demeanor (C} clothing (D)delivery37. The difference between the polar and equatorial diameters of Mars has not been unequivocally determined.(A) easily (B)arithmetically (C) conventionally (D)definitely38. Tendons consist of fibers twined helically, as in rope.(A) spirally (B)conically (C) crookedly (D) raggedly39. Distributed judiciously, copper sulfate kills algae without harming fish.(A) neatly (B) generously (C) wisely (D) periodically40. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car as a form of travel.(A) designation (B) disappearance (C) mechanization (D) riskiness41. The degree of declivity of a beach depends on its sediment composition as well as on the action of waves across its surface.(A) graininess (B) downward slope (C) seasonal change (D) resistance42. How long an animal or plant can live is governed by heredity, environment and chance.(A) climate (B) altitude (C) history (D)genetics43. Some cells, such as epithelia, proliferate more rapidly when the body is asleep than when it is awake.(A) cluster. (B)heal (C) adapt (D) multiply44. Seminal contributions to science are those that change the tenor of the questions asked by succeeding generations.(A) nature (B) results (C) direction (D) idea45. Students of the Berry School for Mountain Children helped pay for their education by doing part-time 1abor that pertained to their particular course of study.(A) paid for (B) resulted in (C) related to (D) conveyed with46. Fertilizer applied to soil can replace depleted nutrients.(A) organic (B)acidic (C) exhausted (D) desirable47. As a boy, President Calvin Coolidge was regarded by his family and neighbors as a chatter-box.(A) a sickly invalid (B)an incessant talker (C) an insolent upstart (D) a resolute miser48. The anhinga is a black water bird that frequents the perimeters of the Everglades.(A) edges (B)waters (C) swamps (D) forests49. In astronomy, a scale of magnitude from one to six denotes the brightness of a star.(A) predicts (B)examines (C) contracts (D) signifies50. Most members of the camel family are found in arid habitats.(A) dirty (B)dry (C) sandy (D) harshSection Three Proofreading and Error CorrectionDirections: The following passages contain TEN errors. Each indicated line contained a maximum of ONE error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct the following way:So monstrous a discrepancy in evaluation requiring us examine (51) _______basic principles. Just what's a dictionary for? What does it propose to do?What does the common reader go to a dictionary to find? What has thepurchaser of a dictionary right to expect for his money? (52) _______ Before we look at basic principles, it is necessary to interposeto brief statements. The first of these is that a dictionary is concerned (53) _______with words. Some dictionaries give various kinds of other useful information.Some have tables for weights and measures on the flyleaves. Some (54) _______list historical events and some, for home remedies . And there’s (55) _______nothing wrong with its so doing. But the great increase in (56) _______our vocabulary in the past three decades compels all dictionaries to makemore efficient use of their space. And if anything must be eliminated, it (57) _______is sensible to throw out these extraneous things and stick to words.The second brief statement is that there has beeneven much progress in the making of dictionaries in the past thirty years (58) _______than has been in the making of automobiles The difference, for example, (59) _______between the much-touting Second International and the much-clouted (60) _______Third International is not like the difference between yearly models butlike the difference between the horse and buggy and the automobile.Section Four: Cloze (15)Direction: Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words. The first letter of each other has already been given.Write your answers after the corresponding number on the ANSWER SHEET.What Is History?When does history begin? It is tempting to reply “In the beginning”, but like many obvious answers, this soon turns (61) o to be unhelpful. As a great Swiss historian once (62) p out in another connexion, history is the one subject where you cannot begin at the beginning. If we want to，we can (63) t the chain of human descent back to the appearance of vertebrates, (64) o even to the photosynthetic cells which lie at the start of life itself. We can go back further still，to almost unimaginable upheavals which formed this planet and even to the origins of the (65) u . Yet this is not “history”.Commonsense helps here：(66) h is the story of mankind，of what it has done, (67) s or enjoyed. We all know that dogs and cats do not have histories, (68) w human beings do. Even when historians write about a natural process (69) b human control, such as the ups and downs of climate, or (70) t spread of disease，they do so only because it helps us to understand (71) w men and women have lived （and died）in some ways rather than others.This suggests that all we have to do is to identify the moment at (72) w the first human beings step out from the shadows of the remote past. It is not quite as simple as that, (73) t . Physiological tests help us to classify data but do not identify what is or is not human. That is a (74) m of a definition about which disagreement is possible. Some people have suggested that human uniqueness (75) l in language, yet other primates possess vocal equipment similar to our own.Section Five: Paraphrase the following (10)Directions: Write your paraphrase after the corresponding number on the ANSWER SHEET.76. With so much big money and so many big dreams pinned to an idea that is still largely on the drawing boards, there's no limit to the hype.77. Mr. Adams, you have an annoying talent for making such delightful words as “pr opert y” sound quite distasteful.78. King's spick-and-span flagship belonged to a different world than the storm-whipped British vessel.79. It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight.80. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant.Section Six: English-Chinese Translation (20)Directions: Translate the following from English into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEETSummer, fall, winter, spring, another summer, another fall-- so much he had given of his active life to the incorrigible lips of Judy Jones. She had treated him with interest, with encouragement, with malice, with indifference, with contempt. She had inflicted on him the innumerable little slights and indignities possible in such a case--as if in revenge for having ever cared for him at all. She had beckoned him and yawned at him and beckoned him again and he had responded often with bitterness and narrowed eyes. She had brought him ecstatic happiness and intolerable agony of spirit. She had caused him untold inconvenience and not a little trouble. She had insulted him, and she had ridden over him, and she had played his interest in her against his interest in his work--for fun. She had done everything to him except to criticize him--this she had not done-- it seemed to him only because it might have sullied the utter indifference she manifested and sincerely felt toward him.When autumn had come and gone again it occurred to him that he could not have Judy Jones. He had to beat this into his mind but he convinced himself at last. He lay awake at night for a while and argued it over. He told himself the trouble and the pain she had caused him, he enumerated her glaring deficiencies as a wife. Then he said to himself that he loved her, and after a while he fell asleep. For a week, lest he imagined her husky voice over the telephone or her eyes opposite him at lunch, he worked hard and late, and at night he went to his office and plotted out his years.(F. Scott Fitzgerald: Winter Dreams)Section Seven Chinese- English Translation (30)Directions: Translate the following from Chinese into English and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.长期以来，纽约市一直在不懈地与空气污染和街道垃圾污染进行着一场看似打不赢的战役。