句子成分

高中语法复习（一）
基础性语法
(A Must Before Everything)
编写人：Joy Meng
The sun rises in the east. He likes dancing.
Five and five is ten. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
2、谓语(Predicate)
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征，说明主语做什么或怎么样了。

是英语句子必不可少的成分，没有谓语就不成句子。

理清句子层次的关键在于抓住谓语动词。

谓语一般可分为两类：
The food tastes good. (形容词)
He became a doctor. （名词）
She is ten. （数词）
My job is teaching English, （动名词）
The dictionary is in the bag.（介词短语）
The story is interesting.（形容词化了的现在分词）
He got married last year. （过去分词）
My question is how you knew about it. （表语从句）
Look into the mirror. You look tried.
He tasted the dish. It tasted terrible.
I felt his head. It felt hot.
★我来认识一下★找出下列句中表语，并标明类别
He is a teacher. （名词）He is not quite himself today.（代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He fell asleep. （形容词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) To see is to believe. (不定式)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
I like English. He hates you.
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
She is a chemistry teacher.
He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）
Dalian is a beautiful city..（形容词）
The man in the front is my teacher. (介词短语)
It’s dangerous to dip into the boiling water
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词短语）
Keep away from the broken glass! (过去分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词短语）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything necessary. （形容词）
This is the factory where I once worked. ( 定语从句)
6、状语(Adverbial)
修饰动词，形容词，副词以及句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。

状语位置相对灵活。

一般可放在句首，句尾或句中，视情况而定；单个副词作状语放在句中的时候，一般放在实意动词前，助动词，be动词或情态动词后。

There was a big smile on her face. (介词短语表地点)
Every night he heard the noise upstairs. （名词短语表时间）
He began to learn English when he was eleven.（时间状语从句）
The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast （副词短语表程度）
the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. （With复合结构表伴随）
She loves the library because she loves books. （原因状语从句）
I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.（条件状语从句）
I will go there tomorrow
The meeting was held in the meeting room. ( 介词短语)
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. （介词短语）
He goes to work by bike. （介词短语）
He is always telling lies. (副词)
You should often take exercise to keep healthy.（副词,不定式短语）
She seldom gets up late . （副词）
They sat there, laughing and talking.(现在分词短语)
Although he is young, he can do everything very well. (状语从句，副词)
Seen from the hill, the lake look more beautiful.（过去分词短语）
7、宾语补足语（宾补）(Object Complement)
跟在宾语后，对宾语情况进行补充说明，以使句子意思完整。

一般由形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语动词（不定式，分词）等充当。

宾语和宾补一起称为复合宾语，二者有逻辑上的主谓关系。

The war made him a soldier.（名词）
New methods make the job easy. （形容词）
I often find him at work. （介词短语）
The teacher ask the students to close the windows. （不定式）
I saw a cat running across the road. （现在分词）
I had the floor cleaned. (过去分词)
★让我认一认★找出下列句中宾补，并标明类别，注意体会
We elected him monitor. （名词）
I found the classroom empty. （形容词）
He showed me around the company. (介词短语）
The teacher asked me to clean the blackboard. （不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
8、同位语.（Appositive）与句中的某一成分（常常是名词或代词）,表示同一种事物, 作同等成分
★我认识同位语★找出下列句中同位语，注意体会
We students should study hard.
My good friend, Li Hua, is studying abroad.
Have you read the book, Gone With the Wind?
We are all very excited at the news that our team won the game.
I live in the city of Changchun.
He give us each a candy.。