句子成分、简单句、带答案
语法复习：一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语（subject）和谓语（predicate）；次要成分有表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补足语（complement）和同位语（appositive）；句子的成分由实词担任。实词有名词n,代词pron,形容词adj,副词adv, 数词num,动词v,;虚词有冠词art, 介词prep, 连词conj, 助动词helping v.等，虚词在句中只起辅助和联系作用，不能单独做句子成分。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，表示所谈的是“谁”或“什么”，一般位于句首，即在谓语之前。可充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
Ten is a very important number. (数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式to do）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词doing）
His being late made her very angry.(带有逻辑主语的动名词doing)
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式to do）It’s not your fault that this has happened.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句）
但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语/助动词/情态动词后面。
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”，或说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语通常由动词充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
动词分为实义动词，连系动词，情态动词，助动词四类
其中，1.实义动词包括及物动词vt.(后要带宾语) 和不及物动词vi.
2.连系动词包括：系动词be；感官动词look/ sound/smell/feel/taste；表示“保持，持续”
keep, remain, stay, continue，表示变化：go, get, grow, become, fall, turn；表示“好像”：
seem, appear.
3.情态动词不能单独做谓语，常和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词有can/could,
may/might, must, have to, shall/should, will/would, ought to, dare, need, used to.
如：I must go. We must work very hard at English. He will drive to Beijing tomorrow.
4.助动词不能单独做谓语，常和其他动词一起构成谓语。
如：I don’t like reading. Do you like reading….?
He doesn’t like music. Does he get up early?
We didn’t see him. Did you go there？
She is writing a letter now. Is he singing?
They are dancing now. Are you waiting for me?
I haven’t finished it yet. Have you seen the film?
She had gone there before you left. Had he sent you the email before you told me?
综上句子，助动词do/does/did 帮助构成否定式和疑问句；
助动词is/am/are/was/were帮助构成进行时态和疑问句;
助动词have/has/had帮助构成完成时态和疑问句
另：谓语有时态，语态，语气，人称的变化。
时态主动语态被动语态
1.一般现在时：(1) be (am/is/are)；
(2) 动词原形/动词的三单形式+s/es，am/is/are＋p.p
2.一般过去时: (1) be (was/were,)
(2) 动词的过去式-ed) was/were＋p.p.
3.现在进行时:(am\is\are +动词的现在分词doing)am/is/are +being +p.p.
4.过去进行时: was\were +动词的现在分词doing)was/were +being＋p.p.
5.一般将来时:(1) am\is\are going to +动词原形) is/am/are going to be +p.p.
(2) will \shall +动词原形) will/shall be＋p.p.
6.过去将来时: (1) was\were going to +动词原形）was/were going to be+p.p
(2) would\should+动词原形) would be＋p.p
7.现在完成时: (has\have +动词的过去分词p.p) have/has been＋p.p.
8.过去完成时: ( had +动词的过去分词p.p) had been＋p.p.
9.含情态动词的句子:(can\may\must…+动词原形）情态动词+be +p.p
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, go，get, grow, fall, turn, seem, appear, keep, remain, look/ sound/smell/feel/sound,等）之后。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词vt.和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office. （宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），
例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. Lend your dictionary to me, please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词vt，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由以下词来充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：单个词做定语放在被修饰词前面（前置定语）；短语做定语放在被修饰词后面（后置定语）；
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
We have four lessons in the morning. (数词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
We should follow the teacher’s advice.?(名词所有格)
His progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
Don’t wake up the sleeping baby. (现在分词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（现在分词/过去分词）
The man to give us the speech is a professor. (动词不定式)
The man upstairs came back late. Who is the man over there? (副词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
He is reading an novel which is written by Hanhan. (定语从句)
但：形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing等时放在这些词之后。
I have something important t o do.
（八）状语：修饰动词v,形容词adj,副词adv,或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可充当状语的有：
He speaks English badly but reads it well.(副词)
Naturally he won the game. (副词)
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
At the top we stopped to look at the view. （不定式短语---目的状语）
Walking in the street, I met my old friend. (分词---时间状语)
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语—伴随状语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语按用途可分为以下10类：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it does n’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
句子成分练习题( 一)
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，）
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，）
①I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C.go
D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B.did
C. whom
D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，）
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分，）
①The old man was feeling very tired.
②Why is he worried about Jim?
③The leaves have turned yellow.
④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，）
①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
②What is your given name?
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，）
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分，）
①There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，）
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me?
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working
for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man
B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now
D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold
B. is wet and cold
C. not wet and cold
D. were wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets
B. sweetly
C. nicely
D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately
B. late
C. latest
D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead
B. died
C. dyed
D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us
B. Us, we
C. We, our
D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd
B. crowding
C. crowded
D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its
B. it
C. that
D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks
B. is looked
C. is being looked
D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that
B. when
C. in which
D. where
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：
Do they like skating? How old is he?
Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boy s; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句（形容词性从句）和状语从句（副词性从句）。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型（稍后详细分解）
1、ＳV（主＋谓）主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
2、ＳV P（主＋系＋表）主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
3、ＳV O（主＋谓＋宾）主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、ＳV o O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：
e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、ＳV O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：
e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
（四）高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词/关联词/引导词。
3、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显；如：在时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
以下我们分步来分解简单句的五种基本句型：
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词vi.）
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
注意：主语可以有定语修饰，谓语可以有状语修饰：如
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利。
9. The red sun │rises in the east.
10. So they│had to travel by air or boat.
11.We │got up early so as to catch the first bus.
12. She│sat there alone, reading a novel.
13. He │came back when we were eating.
14. Weak buildings│will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones │may stay up there.
1. 她昨天回家很晚。
2．会议将持续两个小时。
3．在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.
4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
5．每天八时开始上课。
6．这个重五公斤。
7．五年前我住在北京。
8．秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
9．我的爷爷早晨起得很早。
10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词（即系动词）都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词有系动词：be（be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用）；
感官动词：look/ sound/smell/feel/taste（如look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻，taste delicious尝起来美味）；
表示“保持，持续”：keep, remain, stay, continue，
表示变化：go, get, grow, become, fall, turn, turn out(结果是)；
表示“好像”：seem, appear.
Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
难点：另外：仔细研究以下句子：（找出系动词，思考表语有何特殊？）
You’ll be all right soon. You don’t look very well. I feel rather cold. The cloth feels soft. The roses smell sweet. The day turned out (to be) a fine one. His health remains poor.
The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet the music sounds! He became a world-famous scientist.
It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad. Yesterday he suddenly fell ill. Mary’s face went red. His dream has come true.
The boy’s blood ran cold. Keep quiet, children! The weather continued fine for a long time.
He appears upset about it. As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends
I'm afraid you won't have time to get changed before the party.
以下语句是用___________作表语呢？：
She appears/ seems to be very young. He appears/ seems to have caught cold.
They got to be friends. The meeting turned out to be successful. He seems to be ill.
The theory proved to be right. Much remains to be done. It remains to be proved.
She sounds to be a very strange woman
以下语句是用___________作表语呢？：
That’s why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.
It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong. It appears that he is unhappy.
It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house.
Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
以下语句是用___________作表语呢？：
He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday.
They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave.
The road is under repair.
以下语句是用___________作表语呢？：
His report was surprising / disappointing/ delighting/moving/ astonishing…
The boy was moved/delighted/surprised/ disappointed/astonished…
He has become/ got/ grown interested in modern physics.
He seems/ appears drunk.
难点：“There be+主语+状语”结构：There be 后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’。这里的there仅为引导词，没有实际意义，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后；
1. 这里的there不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
2. 此句型有时不用be动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：
There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
3. be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：
现在有there is/are …
过去有there was/were…
将来有there will be…；there is /are going to be...
现在已经有there has/have been…
可能有there might be...
肯定有there must be …/ there must have been...
过去曾经有there used to be …
似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be …
4. there be 句型中的非谓语形式（“给力高考”p261，此处略去不讲）
巩固练习：
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。
2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
3．天气预报说下午有大风。
4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.
6．恰好那时房里没人（happen to be）。
7．从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
8．公共汽车来了。
9．就只剩下二十八美元了。
10．铃响了。
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词vt.宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：you, me, us, her, him, them等
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词vt.）│Ｏ【宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂，你能辨认吗？】
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
9. Jim │cannot dress│himself.
1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
6. Mother promises to give me a present.
7. Do you mind my opening the window?
基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋双宾语（间宾＋直宾））
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。
如：Give a cup of tea to me, please. She made a beautiful dress for me.
其中：用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？
4．他把车票给列车员看。
5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
6．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
7．他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋复合宾语（宾＋宾补））
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格+ 名词：The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格+ 形容词：New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语：I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式：The teacher ask the students to close the windows.
名词/代词宾格+ 分词：I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│Ｏ（宾语）│Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
I │have never heard │the song│sung that way before. 我从来没听这首歌这样唱过
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？
The terrible sound│made │the children│frightened.
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
9. He│has │his hair│cut every month 他每个月会剪一次头发
10. I │found│it│very pleasant │to be with your family.
11.The school│made │it│a rule│that the students should stand up when class begins.
学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立
12. He │used to do│his homework│with his radio │on.
巩固练习：
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．令她惊讶的是，她发现自己在一个不同的世界了。
5．卫兵命令我们立即离开。
6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
7．他每个月会护理一次车。
8．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
9．那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。
10．她正在听人家讲故事。
11．我从来没看见这个字这样用过。（模仿例句4）
12．他感到很难跟你交谈。（模仿例句10）
13．我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。（模仿例句10）
14．我们认为帮助穷人是我们的职责。（模仿例句11）。
15.满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌的。（模仿例句12）。
同学们，到此你一定对英语简单句有了深刻的认识，但常用的英语句子并不都象简单句基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语在前面学习的基础上，让我们一起来加深对“定语、状语、同位语”的认识！
一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需一支兰色的钢笔。Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句；说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.
副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
介词短语作状语：In the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Before his mother, Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there, asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）
Frightened, he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句
、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
三、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
四、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语：称呼人的用语。
插入语：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。
如: The story, I think, has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）：perhaps也许,maybe大概, actually实际上,certainly当然，等。
五、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。例：
错句：Studying hard, your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard, you can make your score go up.
或(2)If you study hard, your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you ); 正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
1. 分词独立结构常省略being, having been. 不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：Game (being) over, he went home.
He stands there, book (being) in hand.
2. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如：With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
（更多内容参看“给力高考p 260”）
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练习: 简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeti ng is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him （）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make
us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer （）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.
三、选择填空：
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and
B. or
C. if
D. so
2. It’s the t hird time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn’t he
B. isn’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____?
A. shan’t we
B. shall we
C. won’t we
D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. is he
D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____?
A. will you
B. had you
C. shall you
D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming co mpetition.
A. then
B. but
C. and
D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too
B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has
D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or
B. for
C. while
D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?”----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which
B. How
C. How hot
D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engin eer, is he? ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t
B. No, he isn’t
C. No, he is
D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she
B. What, is she
C. How, she is
D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or
B. so
C. for
D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making
B. makes
C. is making
D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. yet
2020年高考语文复习：句子成分 专项练习题(含答案)
2020年高考语文复习：句子成分专项练习题 一、选择题 1．下列对句子主干的提取正确的一项是() A．我市在驻澳门特派员公署成功举办了以“运河名城，精致扬州”为主题的城市推介会。——驻澳门特派员公署举办城市推介会。 B．贺知章的《咏柳》描绘了杨柳柔长的枝条和嫩绿的新叶在春风吹拂下摇曳的迷人姿态。——贺知章描绘枝条和新叶。 C．素有“淮左名都，竹西佳处”之称的扬州是一座古城风貌保存较好的历史文化名城。——扬州是名城。D．能够品尝到清香醇厚的龙井茶，对外国游客来说，真是一种难得的享受。——龙井茶真是难得。 2．下列句子缩句与原文意思不符的一句是 A．清晨，在蒙蒙细雨中，我们乘坐的客轮航行在三峡的巫峡江面上。(客轮航行) B．地质部、石油部、中国科学院的工作人员已经好几次横穿新疆塔克拉玛干大戈壁。(工作人员横穿戈壁) C．由教育部主办的教师书法、绘画、摄影展览9月8日在北京劳动人民文化宫隆重开幕。(展览开幕) D．当老师郑重地把闪光的国徽别在我们胸前的时候，我们一下子觉得长高了许多。(我们长高了许多) 3．选出下面句子成分分析正确的句子。（） A．他（定语）头脑（主语）冷静（谓语）。 B．鲁迅先生（主语）以“时间就是生命”（状语）律（谓语）己（宾语）。 C．老年人（主语）上大学（状语）已经（状语）不（状语）新鲜（谓语）了 D．经过一年的努力（状语），农民(主语）终于（状语）获得（谓语）丰收（补语） 4．提取下面句子的主要信息，正确的一项是 年老的母亲欣慰地看到使人陶醉的绚丽灿烂的秋色和令人兴奋的欣欣向荣的景象让很久没有回家的儿子忍不住哼起了那久违的家乡小调。 A．灿烂的秋色和欣欣向荣的景象让儿子哼起了久违的家乡小调。
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Unit 4 problems and advice 一、典型例题：写出句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Children's Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early. 二、课后练习 (一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ①My brother doesn't do his homework. ②People all over the world speak English. ③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④How many new words do you learn ? ⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? (二) 挑出下列句中的表语 ①The old man is feeling very tired. ②Why is he worried about Jim? ③The leaves have turned yellow. (三) 挑出下列句中的定语
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英语三大基本句型 句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和主从句。 一、简单句 简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。We all learn English. (一个主语和一个谓语） My father and mother go to work at 7:00 in the morning.（一个并列主语和一个谓语） He once lived and worked there. (一个主语和一个并列谓语) 1.主语+谓语 这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例： Things change.事物是变化的。 Nobody went.没有人去。 --Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？ --NO，we flew.不，我们是飞去。 2.主语+连系动词+表语 这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例： Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。 The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。 She became a lawyer.她当了律师。 3.主语+谓语+宾语 这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例： We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。 My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。 4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例： He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 I'll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
英语句子成分练习(附答案)
句子成分练习题( 一) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟） ①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ②There is an old man coming here. ③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟） ①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ②The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） ①My brother hasn't done his homework. ②People all over the world speak English. ③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦They made him monitor of the class. ⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
初级中学语文句子成分讲解
1．辨析病句的常用方法 （1）对于“语序不当”，要明确准确表情达意的规律，掌握规律，才能有识别病句的标准。如“并列短语”：时间先后.空间距离.范围大小.程度轻重.情感流程.时局变化.数目常规.成绩名次.法定位置.对应承接等。“多项定语排序”：领属性的或时间.处所的＋指称或数量的短语＋动词或动词短语＋形容词或形容词短语＋名词或名词短语。“多项状语排序”：时间＋处所＋介词结构＋情态副词＋形容词＋表对象的介宾短语。带“的”的定语放在不带“的”的定语之前。两个分句：同一主语时，关联词放在主语之后；不同主语时，关联词放在主语之前；“频率类的副词”需放到介词短语前面。 （2）对于“搭配不当”，运用语法手段，采用“压缩法”，即主干枝叶梳理法。先将句子的附加成分（定语.状语.补语）去掉，紧缩出主干（主语.谓语.宾语），看主.谓.宾搭配是否得当；如果没有问题，再看枝叶和主干搭配是否得当。要学会搜索一些显性或隐性的标志，搜索否定语（切忌.禁忌.避免.禁止.防止.以防.无时无刻不）.双面词（是否.能否.高低.快慢.大小.轻重.好坏.正反.里外）.成双成对的关联词等，看他们照应得是否得当。 （3）对于“成分残缺或赘余”，运用语法手段，同样采用“压缩法”。先将句子的附加成分（定语.状语.补语）去掉，紧缩出主干（主语.谓语.宾语），看主.谓.宾有无残缺；如果没有问题，再看有无残缺枝叶或介词残缺，导致语意不明的情况。 （4）对于“结构混乱”，主要采取划分句子成分的方法来看结构是否混乱，即先找出句子主语.谓语和宾语，再看他们之间的关系是否一一匹配.顺当，表意是否一致.明确。
（5）对于“表意不明”，可采用语感审读法进行识别，即反复审读，看表达的意思是否明白.顺畅，按习惯的说法是否别扭；对感到句意模糊或句意不确定的词语.句子要多审读几遍，最好用主干枝叶梳理法，进行成分的分析。 （6）对于“不合逻辑”，可采用语感审读法进行识别，即反复审读，看按习惯的说法是否别扭；采用分段语意分析法，对相对应的词语.成分进行比较，看他们关系是否顺当；搜索一些显性或隐性的标志，搜索并列词语或短语.否定词.双面词，搜索数量短语.被动词.关联词语.时态词语等，看它们的运用是否合乎逻辑。 2．修改病句的基本思路、原则及判别病句的方法 （1）修改病句的前提是对病句的病因作出正确的判断。 查找病因，应先读句子，凭“语感”发现问题，从语法.修辞.逻辑等方面作分析，而后进行修改。 （2）判别病句的常规方法。 ①找出句子主干。先找出句子的主.谓.宾，看是否残缺，是否搭配得当。 ②理出枝叶。如果句子主干没有问题，就应当检查修饰语，定.状.补是否能恰当地修饰或说明中心语。 ③联系上下文的语境，看句子是否符合逻辑事理。 ④理清关系。看复句内各分句的关系，从内容上看关联词语是否用得恰当。 （3）修改病句的原则。 在辨识病句的基础上，先看清题目要求，弄清楚要从哪些或哪个方面检查；其次按要求检查句子内部是否有语病；还要将前后句子连起来检查，看表述的主
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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句子成分练习题(1)
句子成分练习题 (一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother doesn't do his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④How many new words do you learn ? ⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? (二) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man is feeling very tired. ②Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④Soon They all become interested in the subject. ⑤She is the first to learn about it. (三) 挑出下列句中的定语 ① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. ② What is your given name? ③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. （四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ②He asks her to take the boy out of school. ③She find it difficult to do the work. ④They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. (五) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There is a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike is travelling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. (六) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Does he leave any message for me? 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分： 1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather . 2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily . 3. That was how they were defeated. 4.The nursery takes good care of our children . 5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow . 6.We are sure that we shall succeed .
语文句子成分训练(含答案版)
句子成分与句子主干 一、句子成分：在一个句子里，词与词之间或短语之间有着一定结构关系，按照不同的关系可以把句 子分成若干个不同组成部分，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。 1. 2.分析句子成分的步骤 ①分析句子的主要成分：主谓宾 练习： 1、鲁班是我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑工匠。 2、那个时候的社会生产力还十分落后。 3、鲁班接受了一项大的建筑工程任务。 4、鲁班从中得到启发。 5、蔡伦出生在一个贫苦的铁匠家里。 6、峰峦从黑夜中显露出一片灰蒙蒙的轮廓。 二、句子的主干 各种句子成分在句子的构成中所起的作用并不是都一样的。其中有的起主干作用的如：主谓宾。有的是对主干起修饰、限制、补充作用的“枝叶”成分，即定状补。因此所谓的句子主干是指把句子的所有定语、状语、补语都压缩掉以后剩下的部分。 找句子主干要注意的问题—— 1、句子的主干并不等于全句。 2、否定句中的否定词“不”“没有”“没”等在句中充当状语，在找否定句的主干时，要将否定词保 留。 练习：划分句子成分 1．我从此就看见许多陌生的先生。2．藤野先生总是挟着一叠大大小小书。 3．干事在黑板上写广告。4．这位客人直勾勾地打量着主人的脸。 5．托尔斯泰透出一股才气。6．一个陌生人把我紧紧地抱在怀中。 7．我默默地站在走廊上。8．科学技术是人类本性精神的最高成就。9．这是一种别开生面场面。10．在场的老年人格外兴奋、活跃。 11．白色的丝线拧成细细的绳子。12．这些节日包含着丰富民俗习惯。 13．我们喜欢倾听大雁在沼泽中集会时的鸟叫。14．派出所的警察寸步不离地守卫在洞口周围。15．一位手里拿着照相机的记者一声不响地解掉了系在自己腰里的那条结实粗绳子。 16．许多原子能发电厂源源不断地运来许多铅做的大箱子。 17．他非常诚恳地征求大家的意见。18．秋天比春天更富有欣欣向荣的景象。19．张思德同志永远是我们学习的榜样。20．汽车在望不到边际的高原上奔驰。
英语句子成分练习题及答案
练习 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 1、主语，定语； 2、间接宾语； 3、谓语，状语； 4、定语； 5、状语，状语； 6、定语，表语； 7、宾语，状语； 8、谓语，主语； 9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语 1
简单句和句子成分
简单句和句子成分 一分析以下句子的句子成分 They are standing on the playground. Fishing becomes popular. Jane finished her homework. 句子的基本要素：主语+谓语 主语一般由名词、代词、动名词和不定式充当。谓语由动词或动词短语充当。动词的词性不同，选用的句式也有所不同 1.句型一：主语+谓语(vi)+(状语) 1)She disappeared. 2）I live in Guangdong. 3）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 不及物动词能表达完整的意思，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，谓语的修饰词叫状语, 可出现在句首或句末。 2. 句型二：主语+谓语(Link v.)+表语 1)I am a student. 2) We are happy now 3) My job is teaching English. 用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。系动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语。 1表语一般跟在系动词后面； 2表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、不定式、分词或介词短语充当。 系动词包括以下三类（21 words)： be动词“是”; seem 似乎,好像, appear 显得, 好像,似乎; feel 觉得感觉; look看起来;smell闻起来; taste尝起来;sound听起来;become 变得;get 变得; turn 变成; grow 逐渐变成；go 变得;fall 进入某种状态come 变成;stay保持;keep 保持; remain仍然是stand 处于某种状态;continue 继续存在句型三：主语+谓语(vt)+宾语 1. 主语+谓语+名词或代词(n./pron) Many boys likes football very much. 2. 主语+谓语+动名词I enjoy living in the country. 3. 主语+谓语+不定式Mother promised to buy me a new computer. 4. 主语+谓语+wh-+to do sth We haven’t dec ided where to hold the sports meet 1.) 宾语跟在及物动词后面或介词后面 2. )宾语由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或wh-+to do sth充当 跟不定式作宾语的动词: vt+to do afford, agree同意, arrange(设法/约定), ask, beg(恳求,请求), choose, decide, demand(要求,请求), desire(想要), determine, expect, fail, hate, happen(碰巧), hesitate(踌躇), hope, intend, learn, manage(设法成功), mean(打算), offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, etc. 跟动名词作宾语的动词: vt+doing admit承认, advise建议,allow允许,appreciate感激，avoid避免，consider思考, deny否认, dislike不喜欢, enjoy喜欢, escape逃避, finish完成, forbid禁止,imagine想象,include包括, keep保持, mind介意,mention提及, miss错过,permit允许,practice练习, quit停止, resist经得住, suggest建议, feel like想要, 判断以下句子使用哪种句型，并翻译为中文 1. He looks tired. 2. His words hurt me. 3. She decides to stay here. 4. The food tastes delicious. 5. The book belongs to me. 6. Hearing the news, her face turned red. 7. She joined in all kinds of activities at university. 8. To our delight, Doctor Zhang recovered from the disease. 9. He reads the new words again and again in order to learn them by heart. 1. 我不同意他的看法。 2. 他很快睡着了。 3. 三年前他患了肺癌。 4. 我在人群中认出她了。
划分句子成分练习集合及答案
划分句子成分练习 一、划分句子成分 1、鲁班‖是（我国古代）（春秋时期）（一位）（著名）的（建筑）工匠。 2（鲁班所处）的时代‖[距现在] [已经]好〈几千年了〉。 3、（那个时候））生产力‖[还十分]落后。 4、鲁班‖接受﹤了﹥(一项)(大)的(建筑工程)任务。 5、鲁班‖发现这种草叶的两边都长着锯齿状的刺。 6、鲁班‖[从中]得到启发。 7、鲁班‖[用锯齿状的竹片] [在一棵小树树干上] [来回]拉﹤了﹥﹤起来﹥。 8]，锯子‖[仍然]是(木匠们干活)的(主要)工具。 9、[后来]，鲁班‖[又陆续]发明﹤了﹥（木刨、钻、墨斗和曲尺等）（许多）（木匠）工具。 10、蔡伦‖出生﹤在一个贫苦的铁匠家里﹥。 11]，蔡伦‖[终于]发明﹤了﹥造纸术。 12、蔡伦‖[苦苦]地思考﹤改进）的方法。 13、[地球上] [几乎] [每时每刻] [都在]发生﹤着﹥地震。（存现句、非主谓句） 14、(全世界)的科学家们‖[都在] [努力]探索（地震灾害）的规律。 15、[当时]()灾害‖[十分]频繁。 16、[一天]，（的（那条龙嘴里）的铜球‖[忽然]落下。17．我‖[从此] [就]看见（许多）（陌生）的先生。 18．藤野先生‖[总是]挟着（一叠）（大大小小）的书。 19．干事‖]写广告。 20．这位客人‖[直勾勾]地打量﹤着﹥（主人）的脸。 21．托尔斯泰‖透出（一股）才气。 22．(一个)（陌生）人‖[把我紧紧]地抱﹤在怀中﹥。 23．我‖[默默]地站﹤﹥。 24．科学技术‖是（人类本性精神）的（最高）成就。 25．这‖是（）(别开生面)的场面。 26（老年）人‖[格外]兴奋、活跃。 27．（白色）的丝线‖拧成（细细）的绳子。 28．（这些）节日‖包含﹤着﹥（丰富）的（民俗）习惯。 29．(派出所)的警察们‖[寸步不离]地守卫﹤在洞口周围﹥。 20．(一位)()的记者‖[一声不响]地解了(系在自己腰里)的(那条结实)的(粗)绳子。 21．[许多原子能发电场] [源源不断]地运来(许多)(铅做)的(大)箱子。（存现句、非主谓句） 22、[在一天夜里]，他‖[被一阵尖叫声]惊醒﹤了﹥。 23、(纽约市)()的帝国大厦‖[今晚]熄灭﹤了﹥灯光。 24、（袁隆平视为生命）的（）田地，[在一个星期天的早晨]，[还是] [被 那些造反派]扫荡﹤一空﹥。 25、[在这样的年月里]，(我)家‖[通年] [没]吃过白米。 26、他‖[花了三十多年的时间]，[留意]观察(日、月以及各行星)的运动。 27)的祖国‖[给科学]开辟﹤了﹥(广阔)的前景。
英语语法精讲-句子成分及简单句并列句和复合句
语法复习：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+
划分句子成分习题(含答案)
（我家的）猫[最]怕陌生人。祖父[正在]找（五十年前）的照片。 （我国的）xx有（悠久的）历史。 [一大早]，（勤奋的）同学们[就[安静地]坐〈在 教室里〉[认真地]]复习（各门）功课 车间[已经]完成了(全年的)任务。 （薄薄的）轻雾浮起<在xx里>。 乔家[忽而]遭了(一场很大)的变故。 我[已经]读<过><两遍>了。 天气[比屋子里]冷得<多>了。 (绿色开花的)植物有(庞大的)根系。。 （一切）生物[都]离[不]开食物。 （会变色的）花[很]多。 石拱桥[在世界桥梁史上]出现〈得比较早〉。 （统筹）方法，是（一种安排工作进程的数学）方法。 （一斤）苹果[五角]钱。 小xx这个人性格非常好。 爷爷一句话都没说。 （全体）同学[都]做〈完〉了（语法）作业 今天星期六。
今天是星期六。 说话[要]简洁〈一些〉。 长江三峡[曾经]留下〈过〉（许多人的）梦。 [窗外]，细雨[烟似的]飘散<着>。（鲁迅《一面》）他[身体]健康。 (长颈鹿)脖子[很]长。 [这时候]，(我的)脑里[突然]闪<出>(一幅)(神异 的)图画<来>。 （年轻）的我们[一定][要]学<好>（科学）（文化）知识。 [昨天]，(全班)同学‖〔都〕做〈完〉了(语文) 作业。 xx[从中]得到启发。 xx出生<在一个贫苦的铁匠家里> 鲁班是[我国古代][春秋时期][一位][著名 的][建筑]工匠。 （那个时候的）（社会）生产力[还][十分]落后。鲁班接受[了]（一项大的建筑工程）任务。 他[非常诚恳地]征求（大家的）意见。 秋天比春天[更]富有（欣欣向荣的）景象。 张思德同志[永远]是（我们学习的）榜样。
2019届中考语文专题复习句子成分及专题训练新人教版
2019届中考语文专题复习句子成分及专题训练新人教版 学法指导： 在一个句子里，主语、谓语、宾语好比树的主干，定语、状语、补语则是枝叶。句子的主要意思靠主语、谓 语、宾语来表达，但也少不了定语、状语、补语来修饰补充。要正确理解这六种句子成分，可以记住这样一句话：“我（主语）［又］（状语）去了（谓语）（那间）（定语）教室（宾语）〈一趟〉（补语）。” 一、主语 主语可分名词性主语和谓词性主语。名词性主语由名词性词语充当，包括名词、数词、名词性的代词和名词 性短语，多表示人或事物。作为被陈述的对象，在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。这种句子可以叫名词 主语句。例如： 主语也可以由谓词性词语和一部分主谓短语充当，谓词性词语包括动词、形容词、谓词性的代词、动词性短 语、形容词性短语。这是以动作、形状或事情做陈述的对象，这种句子可以叫谓词性主语句。例如： 6、笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。（动词） 7、整齐‖比不整齐好。（形容词） 8、“这样‖行不行？”“这样‖就好了。”（代词） 9、他不参加‖也好。（主谓短语） 10、公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。（形容词联合短语） 二、谓语 谓语通常由谓词性词语充当，在一定条件下也用名词性词语充当，这跟主语的构成材料正相反。它的主要作用是对主语的叙述、描写或判断，能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。用做谓语中心的动词、 形容词等通常是句子结构和语义解释的中心，因此认准谓语中心以及它跟前后各成分的结构关系和意义关系就十分重要。 动词性词语经常做谓语。动词谓语常常用复杂形式，即在前面或后面要带上别的成分，如前面例1和例5。动词单独做谓语是有条件的，或者用在对话里（例如“你瞅！”）；或者用在复句分句里（例如“你来，我就走！”）；或者用在对比、排比句里（例如“架不住，一个人干，八个人拆。”）；不然，常常要加上一定的语气词或动态助词（例如“春天来了。”）。
语文句子成分训练(含答案版).
句子成分与句子主干专题练习 一、句子成分:在一个句子里,词与词之间或短语之间有着一定的结构关系,按照不同的关系可以把 句子分成若干个不同的组成部分,这些组成部分叫做句子成分。 1. 2.分析句子成分的步骤 ①分析句子的主要成分:主谓宾 练习: 1、鲁班是我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑工匠。 2、那个时候的社会生产力还十分落后。 3、鲁班接受了一项大的建筑工程任务。 4、鲁班从中得到启发。 5、蔡伦出生在一个贫苦的铁匠家里。 6、峰峦从黑夜中显露出一片灰蒙蒙的轮廓。 二、句子的主干
各种句子成分在句子的构成中所起的作用并不是都一样的。其中有的起主干作用的如:主谓宾。有的是对主干起修饰、限制、补充作用的“枝叶”成分,即定状补。因此所谓的句子主干是指把句子的所有定语、状语、补语都压缩掉以后剩下的部分。 找句子主干要注意的问题—— 1、句子的主干并不等于全句。 2、否定句中的否定词“不”“没有”“没”等在句中充当状语,在找否定句的主干时,要将否定词保 留。 练习:划分句子成分 1.我从此就看见许多陌生的先生。 2.藤野先生总是挟着一叠大大小小的书。 3.干事在黑板上写广告。 4.这位客人直勾勾地打量着主人的脸。 5.托尔斯泰透出一股才气。 6.一个陌生人把我紧紧地抱在怀中。 7.我默默地站在走廊上。8.科学技术是人类本性精神的最高成就。 9.这是一种别开生面的场面。10.在场的老年人格外兴奋、活跃。 11.白色的丝线拧成细细的绳子。12.这些节日包含着丰富的民俗习惯。
13.我们喜欢倾听大雁在沼泽中集会时的鸟叫。14.派出所的警察寸步不离地守卫在洞口周围。 15.一位手里拿着照相机的记者一声不响地解掉了系在自己腰里的那条结实的粗绳子。 16.许多原子能发电厂源源不断地运来许多铅做的大箱子。 17.他非常诚恳地征求大家的意见。18.秋天比春天更富有欣欣向荣的景象。 19.张思德同志永远是我们学习的榜样。20.汽车在望不到边际的高原上奔驰。 21.在长期的奋斗中,我一向过着朴素的生活。22.豆大的汗珠不停地从脸上直往下落。
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
英语划分句子成分练习 题及答案 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-
高一英语句子成分讲解及练习 尖子班命题人：杨继超（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
初中语文句子成分练习题汇编
初中语文语法知识——句子成分划分练习题汇编 一、把下面各词填入下表： 校园繁忙北京积蓄三万豁亮诚实中间哪里瞻仰战场颓唐 夜晚二分之一斤朵驾驶那里自己坚固起来大伙政治希望 二、选择题： 1、结构上全是动宾短语的一组是：（） A、纯洁高尚全面衡量热烈响应热切希望 B、灿烂异彩重放光明热情鼓励放射光芒 C、分析成分巩固胜利战胜敌人散发香气 D、感觉良好完全彻底修饰限制搭配适当 2、谓短语充当谓语的一项是：（） A、他身材高大。 B、他的身材高大。 C、他有高大的身材。 D、身材高大的就是他。 3、选出对下边句子成分分析正确的一项。（） 十几年来，延安机场上送行的情景时时出现在眼前。 A、这个句子的主语中心语是“情景”，谓语中心语是“出现”，宾语是“在眼前”。 B、这个句子的主语中心语是“延安机场”，谓语中心语是“出现”，补语是“在眼前”。 C、这个句子的主语中心语是“情景”，谓语中心语是“出现”，补语是“在眼前”。 D、这个句子的主语是“十几年来”，谓语是“延安机场送行的情景常常出现在眼前”。 4、下面的词语，从词性上看，分类正确的一组是：（） ①管理②治理③昨天④推测⑤汉语⑥应该⑦清楚⑧宽阔⑨减少⑩懒惰 A、①②⑤/③⑥⑦⑧/④⑨/⑩ B、③⑤/①②④⑥⑨/⑦⑧⑩ C、①③⑤⑦/②④⑥⑧/⑨⑩ D、①②⑤⑥⑨/③⑦⑧/④⑩
5、下列短语归类有错的一项是：（） A、并列：听说读写思想感情光荣而艰巨轻松愉快 B、偏正：新的语法大操场上跟我们学非常激动 C、动宾：复习短语洗热水擦干净送我一首小诗 D、补充：热起来做下去疼得发紫读两遍摆整齐 6、选出与“愚公移山”同类结构的一项：（） ①大江两岸②温故知新③学习计划④襟怀坦白 7、判断下列加点的词的词性：（） （1）我在．北京。 （2）游击队员们战斗在．华北平原。 （3）海燕在．高傲地飞翔。 （4）我们在．党的关怀下成长。 A、动词副词介词介词 B、动词副词副词介词 C、介词动词副词介词 D、动词介词副词介词 8、下列句子中用主谓短语作谓语的是：（） A、我觉得苏州园林是我国各地园林的标本。 B、冰凉的河水呛得我好难受。 C、苏州园林布局幽雅。 D、人人都过幸福生活是我们美好的心愿。 9、对划线的词性分析不正确的一项是：（） A、云霞升起来了．。（助词） B、他抑制不住工作的．热情。（助词） C、这是很．清楚的。（副词） D、我在．房间里读书。（动词） 二、用符号法标出下列句子的主干： （1）在汉江北岸，我遇到一个青年战士。 （2）他被一阵哭声惊醒了。 （3）我觉得我们的战士太伟大了。 （4）一个人在学习过程中有若干主要的关节。 （5）他们对这位来自基层的女干部和她乡人民坚持不懈的治沙精神所感动。（6）我一直沉醉在世界的优美之中。