商志3147全集--考研英语
商志考研英语

商志考研英语摘要:商志考研英语是商务管理专业考研英语的简称。
对于商科考生来说,英语是非常重要的一门课程,它不仅是考研考试的一部分,也是商界交流的重要工具。
本文将从商志考研英语的重要性、学习方法和备考策略等方面进行探讨。
第一章:商志考研英语的重要性商志考研英语作为商务管理专业的一门必修课程,对考研学生的发展和职业规划有着重要的影响。
首先,商志考研英语是考研英语的一部分,考研成绩对于学生后期的深造和求职都有着决定性的作用。
其次,商界是一个国际化的舞台,掌握好英语能力对于进入商业领域、与外国客户合作以及跟踪国际商业动态都有着重要意义。
因此,学好商志考研英语是每个商科考生必不可少的。
第二章:学习商志考研英语的方法学习商志考研英语需要恒心和坚持,下面给出一些学习方法供参考。
首先,要充分利用各种学习资源,如网络课程、教辅资料和商志考研英语专业书籍等,将其作为学习的基础。
其次,要注重练习和应用,通过模拟考试、作文写作等方式提高语言表达能力。
再次,要注重听说读写四个方面的综合能力,培养自己的听力理解、口语表达和阅读写作能力。
最后,要参加真题训练和模拟考试,了解考试形式和要求,提高备考策略。
第三章:备考策略备考商志考研英语需要制定一套科学合理的备考策略。
首先,要了解考试大纲和命题方式,明确考点和考纲,确保备考重点准确无误。
其次,要制定详细的备考计划,合理安排时间,将复习任务分解成每日、每周计划,确保全面复习。
再次,要进行有针对性的练习和复习,注重查漏补缺,避免遗漏重要知识点。
最后,要进行模拟考试和真题训练,检验自己的备考成果,发现薄弱环节,及时调整备考策略。
第四章:商志考研英语的应用商志考研英语不仅仅是为了迎接考试,还具有广阔的应用领域。
首先,商界交流是商科学生必须面对的挑战,通过学好商志考研英语可以提高与外国客户沟通和合作的能力,为商业活动提供帮助。
其次,商界动态和市场分析需要丰富的商业词汇和市场分析能力,学好商志考研英语有助于掌握相关知识和技能。
商志考研英语二作文模板

When preparing for the Gaokao Chinese National College Entrance Examination, many students turn to various resources to improve their English writing skills, especially for the English II section. Here is a template that can be used to structure your essay effectively:Title: Your Title HereIntroduction:Hook: Start with a quote, a question, or a statement that grabs the readers attention.Background: Provide some context about the topic.Thesis Statement: Clearly state the main argument or point of your essay.Body Paragraph 1:Topic Sentence: Introduce the main idea of the paragraph.Supporting Detail 1: Provide evidence or an example that supports your topic sentence. Supporting Detail 2: Offer another piece of evidence or example.Analysis: Explain how the supporting details relate to your topic sentence and thesis. Body Paragraph 2:Repeat the structure of Body Paragraph 1 with a different main idea.Body Paragraph 3 Optional:If needed, include a third body paragraph with a different perspective or counterargument, followed by your refutation.Conclusion:Restate your thesis in a new way.Summarize the main points made in the body paragraphs.End with a call to action, a question, or a final thought that leaves a lasting impression. Sample Essay:Title: The Importance of Bilingual EducationIntroduction:Hook: In an increasingly globalized world, the ability to speak more than one language is becoming a necessity rather than a luxury.Background: Discuss the rise of globalization and its impact on communication.Thesis Statement: This essay argues that bilingual education is crucial for preparing students to thrive in a globalized society.Body Paragraph 1:Topic Sentence: Bilingual education enhances cognitive development and academic performance.Supporting Detail 1: Studies have shown that bilingual students perform better in problemsolving tasks.Supporting Detail 2: Bilingualism has been linked to improved memory and concentration skills.Analysis: Explain how these cognitive benefits can lead to better academic outcomes. Body Paragraph 2:Topic Sentence: Learning a second language fosters cultural understanding and empathy. Supporting Detail 1: Exposure to a new language often involves learning about a different culture.Supporting Detail 2: Understanding different cultures can lead to greater tolerance and respect for diversity.Analysis: Discuss how this cultural awareness can contribute to a more harmonious global community.Body Paragraph 3 Optional:Topic Sentence: Some argue that bilingual education can be challenging and may detract from other subjects.Counterargument: Acknowledge the potential difficulties but argue that the benefits outweigh the challenges.Refutation: Explain how proper implementation and support can mitigate these concerns. Conclusion:Restate Thesis: Bilingual education is not just beneficial but essential in todays interconnected world.Summary: Recap the cognitive and cultural advantages of bilingualism.Final Thought: Encourage the adoption of bilingual education to prepare future generations for global citizenship.Remember to tailor the template to fit the specific requirements of the essay prompt and to ensure that your essay is wellorganized, coherent, and persuasive.。
商志考研英语个人简介

商志考研英语个人简介As a determined individual with a passion for academia, I am currently pursuing a Master's degree in Business Administration. My goal is to integrate my knowledge of business with practical skills to contribute to the corporate world.Having graduated with a Bachelor's in Economics, I have developed a strong foundation in market analysis andfinancial management. My undergraduate experience has equipped me with the analytical tools necessary for the rigorous demands of graduate studies.Throughout my academic journey, I have consistently demonstrated a commitment to excellence, achieving top grades and participating in various research projects. This dedication has prepared me for the challenges of a graduate program.In addition to my academic pursuits, I have also honed my leadership skills through extracurricular activities. I have been an active member of several student organizations, where I have organized events and managed teams effectively.My long-term career objective is to become a strategic consultant, leveraging my expertise in business to help companies achieve their goals. I am confident that myMaster's program will provide me with the necessary knowledgeand skills to excel in this field.I am excited about the prospect of joining a prestigious graduate program and look forward to the opportunity to learn from esteemed faculty and engage with a diverse cohort of peers. I am eager to contribute my perspective and collaborate with others to achieve academic and professional success.。
2019商志考研英语笔记

A:When it comes tothe slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling orpolishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend$12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly Stopped showing up.biting her nails=scratch one’s head不知所措,束手无策;when it comes to名词,主谓。
a用法:引出文章topicb翻译为:当提到。
时当谈及。
时Writing: when it comes to 题目,opinions vary。
Many tend to claim that 。
Others,however,may contend thatclaim 主张,认为 some——some peopleHold many——many peopleArgue few——Contend those——注:日本人——Those who are from japan,(写作:简单问题复杂化。
)省略“people”Those who are from average universities。
Top university谓语。
B、This is an explosive situation(危急关头,可怕局面)for any industry(行业), particularly a declining one.Slowing/Falling/Declining/Fading*slowing 减速的 *falling 日以下跌的,逐渐下跌的Acceleration加速falling communication costsSlowdown减速 falling transportation costs/spending/budgetGrowing industrial competitiveness of emerging economies*declining 衰退的,走下坡路的A declining industry global economic decline例:北师大now is on the decline while 东北师大is now on the riseIndustry 行业Energy-intensive industryAuto industryOne作代词仿:This is an explosive situation for any country,particularly for a developing one。
2019商志考研英语笔记

A:When it comes tothe slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling orpolishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend$12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly Stopped showing up.biting her nails=scratch one’s head不知所措,束手无策;when it comes to名词,主谓。
a用法:引出文章topicb翻译为:当提到。
时当谈及。
时Writing: when it comes to 题目,opinions vary。
Many tend to claim that 。
Others,however,may contend thatclaim 主张,认为 some——some peopleHold many——many peopleArgue few——Contend those——注:日本人——Those who are from japan,(写作:简单问题复杂化。
)省略“people”Those who are from average universities。
Top universitymay/might主语 +tend to + 谓语。
seem toB、This is an explosive situation(危急关头,可怕局面)for any industry(行业), particularly a declining one.Slowing/Falling/Declining/Fading*slowing 减速的 *falling 日以下跌的,逐渐下跌的Acceleration加速falling communication costsSlowdown减速 falling transportation costs/spending/budgetGrowing industrial competitiveness of emerging economies*declining 衰退的,走下坡路的A declining industry global economic decline例:北师大now is on the decline while 东北师大is now on the riseIndustry 行业Energy-intensive industryAuto industryOne作代词仿:This is an explosive situation for any country,particularly for a developing one。
考研英语商志传奇词汇班重点笔记

考研英语商志传奇词汇班重点笔记全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Here are some key notes on vocabulary for the "Shang Zhi Legend English Class for Postgraduate Entrance Exam Preparation", written from a student's perspective in about 2000 words:Shang Zhi's Legendary Vocab Class: Cracking the CodeAs students gearing up for the daunting postgrad entrance exam, we all know that vocabulary is the bedrock of acing those pesky English sections. That's where the one and only Shang Zhi comes in - the mythical vocabulary maestro whose classes have become the stuff of legend on campus.Right off the bat, Shang Zhi made it crystal clear that rote memorization was out - his methods were all about developing a sophisticated semantic radar. From day one, he drilled home the importance of zeroing in on those deliciously devilish word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Thoroughly dissecting these lingual building blocks was key to unlocking the hidden etymological patterns lurking within the lexical labyrinth.For the ancient Greek and Latin roots, Shang Zhi had some nifty mnemonic tricks up his sleeve. Who could forget the whimsical storyline he concocted to cement the root 'aud' (meaning hear/sound) in our minds? Involving a sardonic audit clerk whose audacious antics ultimately led to his utter audition debacle, it was both hilarious and incredibly effectual in anchoring that stem.But Shang Zhi's mastery extended far beyond the fossilized vestiges of antiquity. He proved himself a true polymath, artfully navigating the ostensibly opaque territory of academic gibberish that so frequently rears its ugly head in scholarly writing. From quarteronia (those inscrutable 25 words nobody actualy uses) to the ubiquitous, josh-defying nominalizations that litter research papers, he meticulously deconstructed their morphological quagmires. His insights into circumventing this dreaded "ogre-posh" were utterly invaluable.Naturally, no Shang Zhi epic would be complete without his ingenious categorization system for those bothersome lexical rogues that simply refused to be pigeonholed. The "cantakerous constructs" for contrived portmanteaus, the "clash of consonants" for those gnarly tongue-twisters, and of course, the wildly imaginative "WTFugue" for words so outlandishly obscurethey triggered an audible "Say what?" from the entire class. His whimsical taxonomies were sheer verbal wizardry.Then there were his legendary deep dives into the most perilous semantic sargassos - those treacherous pairings of words with maddeningly subtle shades of differentiation. Just pondering chaotic vs erratic, or sanguine vs optimistic, was enough to induce palpitations in even the most stoic wordsmiths. But Shang Zhi would deftly pilot us through those tempests with his astute analyses and precisely curated usage examples. Under his tutelage, we emerged as discerning semioticians with finely calibrated linguistic spidey-senses.Of course, in the supertanker of mnemonics that was Shang Zhi's methodology, no trove would be complete without hispièce de résistance - the elaborate narrative galaxies he wove to capture the essence of an entire semantic field in one grandiloquent metaphorical tapestry. From chronicling the misadventures of a washed-up superhero struggling with ennui while grappling with sartorial choices (thus encapsulating the entire oeuvre of existential adjectives), to the epic saga of feuding deities locked in a metaphysical battle of epoch-shaking cataclysms (summing up the entire cosmos ofobliteration-related vocabulary) - his wildly imaginative vignettes battered our minds into unforgettable retention.Shang Zhi was more than just an adept wordsmith though - he was a supportive sage imparting wisdom that transcended linguistics. Through his tutelage, we learned that the path to verbalistic enlightenment lay in embracing our linguistic peccadilloes with whimsical zeal and shunning linguisticself-consciousness. Honing our logorrheic flair was a joyous, lifelong quest.As I steel myself for the ultimate examinal gauntlet, I'll be calling upon the full armory of Shang Zhi's ingenious mnemonic blueprints and off-the-wall etymological anecdotes. While the competition may be formidable, I know that with his immortal strategies, I'll be locked and loaded with the verbal ammunition to emerge victorious. The legend's legacy shall endure!篇2Here are some key vocabulary notes for an Legendary English Vocabulary Class for Graduate School Entrance Exams, written from a student's perspective (around 2000 words):Vocab Mastery: The Epic Journey BeginsAs an aspiring grad student, I've embarked on an epic quest – conquering the treacherous realm of vocabulary for the English entrance exams. Buckle up, fellow word warriors, for this legendary class promises an adventure like no other!Obscure Origins and Archaic RootsRight off the bat, we delved into the mystical world of etymologies, unraveling the ancient secrets behind words. From the Latin "obscurus" to the Greek "arche," we traced linguistic lineages that would make even the most seasoned scholars gasp in awe. Who knew that such innocuous terms as "enthusiasm" and "sarcasm" harbored such rich, often humorous, backstories?The Multitudinous Families of MeaningBut our journey didn't stop there. We explored the vast families of words, their multitudinous branches bearing subtle shades of meaning. Grasping the nuances between "scarce," "rare," and "infrequent" became a rite of passage, a true test of our wordsmithing prowess.Lexical LegerdemainAnd let's not forget the linguistic legerdemain we mastered – those mind-bending words that could shift meanings based on context or part of speech. "Sanction" could either approve orpenalize, while "resigned" might denote acceptance or departure. Navigating these turbulent lexical waters required dexterity akin to tightrope walking.Mnemonic MadnessTo conquer this voluminous vocabulary, we became mnemonic masters, crafting unforgettable memory aids. From outrageous acronyms to vivid imagery, our strategies knew no bounds. Who could forget the "NUMB" acronym for those negative prefixes (non-, un-, mal-, and bi-), or the mental picture of a "truculent" trucker flipping the bird?Verbal VendettasBut our class wouldn't be complete without a healthy dose of friendly competition. We engaged in rousing bouts of verbal vendettas, pitting our hard-earned knowledge against one another. From rapid-fire definition matches to intenseword-building battles, these clashes forged an unbreakable camaraderie among us lexical warriors.The Bard's BountyAnd what would a legendary vocabulary class be without paying homage to the grand masters of linguistic artistry? We reveled in the bountiful bequests of Shakespeare, Austen, andDickens, marveling at their unparalleled mastery of the English tongue. Dissecting their works became a sacred ritual, revealing hidden gems of expression that would make modern writers weep with envy.Colloquial ConfessionsYet, amidst all this high-brow erudition, we never lost sight of the raw, unvarnished beauty of colloquial speech. We embraced the quirky idioms, the slangy phrases, and the delightfully unrefined argot that pepper our everyday conversations. From "couch potato" to "raining cats and dogs," we celebrated the vibrant tapestry of linguistic expression that truly defines our modern era.The Final FrontierAs our epic journey nears its climax, we stand poised to conquer the final frontier – the graduate entrance exams themselves. Armed with our vast vocabularies, ourbattle-hardened memories, and an unquenchable thirst for lexical mastery, we shall stride forth, undaunted by whatever linguistic challenges await.For in this legendary class, we have forged more than just an expansive word hoard; we have cultiv篇3Here are student-style notes on key vocabulary from the "Legendary Shang Zhi English Vocabulary Class for Postgraduate Entrance Exams", around 2000 words in English:Shang Zhi's Legendary Vocab Class NotesYo guys, it's your mate here with the juicy deets from Shang Laoshi's mind-blowing vocab sessions. This guy is a straight-up legend, droppin' knowledge bombs left and right. Better strap in 'cause these notes are gonna be lit!Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes• This is where it's at, fam. Shang Zhi says nailing these word parts is key for destroying the vocab section.• Prefixes like 'de-', 'sub-', 'pre-' can switch up a word's meaning entirely. Say 'de-merit' vs 'merit' - two totally different vibes.• Suffixes like '-ance', '-cy', '-tion' are mad important too. Like 'abundance' giving us that plentiful, copious sense.• And don't sleep on them roots! Words branching from the same source like 'aud' (hearing) leading to 'auditorium','audition', 'audible' etc.Need to burn these into your brain, bro. Shang Laoshi bent over backwards drilling us on em.Academic Vocabulary• This is the type of ultra-specialized lingo you'd find in scholarly papers and journals.• Heavy-hitters like 'aforementioned', 'ErgoIn sum','substantiated', 'dichotomous'.• Knowing this GRE level vocab is clutch for separating the students from the Masters candidates, ya dig?• Shang Laoshi was not playin' with the practic e tests. Failure was not an option with his rigorous approach!Idiomatic Expressions & Phrasal Verbs• Yo, these are straight-up vibes. Taking English vocab next level with their slangy, almost cryptic semantics.• Like 'piece of cake' or 'backhanded compliment' making no literal sense based on the individual word meanings.• Then you got wild phrasal verbs like 'put up with', 'ran into', 'went off about'. Bet you'd never piece those together just from the separate words!• Maste ring these is what separates the basic speakers from the real Einsteins of Englis。
商志考研英语作文模版

商志考研英语作文模版考研英语作文模版。
Introduction(介绍段)。
Nowadays, with the increasing competition in the job market, pursuing a higher degree has become a trend among college graduates. Among various postgraduate examinations, the National Entrance Examination for Master's Degree, commonly known as the postgraduate entrance examination or the postgraduate entrance examination, is undoubtedly the most influential and competitive one. Every year, millions of students participate in this fierce competition, aiming to pursue further studies and enhance their competitiveness in the job market.Body(正文段)。
There are several reasons why so many students choose to take the postgraduate entrance examination. Firstly,obtaining a master's degree is often seen as a shortcut to career advancement. In today's society, where knowledge is highly valued, having a higher academic qualification can significantly improve one's employment prospects and earning potential. Moreover, many industries and professions require specialized knowledge and skills that can only be acquired through postgraduate education.Secondly, for some students, pursuing a master's degree is a way to fulfill their academic aspirations and intellectual curiosity. They see postgraduate study as an opportunity to delve deeper into their chosen field of study, conduct research, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective disciplines. For these students, the postgraduate entrance examination is not just a means to an end but a journey of self-discovery and personal growth.Thirdly, in certain fields such as academia, research, and certain professions like teaching and scientific research, having a master's or even a doctoral degree is a basic requirement. Therefore, for students who aspire topursue a career in these fields, taking the postgraduate entrance examination is almost a necessity.Conclusion(结尾段)。
商志主讲 考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲第一个 讲义全集 应试宝直播版

商 老师 讲课程之考研英语词汇逐词精讲班第一个 讲 汇总
班 ,请在全国各地启航各分校或教学点 燕园各分校及教学点 高 联各分校及教学点听课 4 商志老师做客中国教育在线 启航龙腾网校 腾讯 网易等各大 门户为大家指导四六级 考研英语复习的课程,会通过商志老师的新 浪微博 商志考研英语 发布链接,请每天访问该微博,以免错过重 要直播
perform v. 表演 操 ,执行 ~ a task 执行一项任
performance n. 表演 表
We are amazed at Liu Qian’s ~
outstanding ~
excellent ~ 异的表 ,卓 的 就
17. genre n. 文学 艺术的 类型,体裁,流派,种类,型式,风格
3
商 老师 讲课程之考研英语词汇逐词精讲班第一个 讲 汇总
4. command v./n. 命 掌握, 用 例 1 command the English language with skill and gift. 例 2 have a good command over computer
5. gift n. 赋
address [ə'dres] v./n. 讲话 v. 解 问题
例 1 If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. 例 2 Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
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Unit Onevote v. /n. 投票 97阅读1 debate v. /n. 辩论,争论authority n. 政府;权威专家,权威(人士) occupation authorities 占领当局 be authorized to do 得到授权be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利,有做…的权利incurably ill patients 晚期患者 terminally ill 晚期的,终期的 convince v. 坚信,相信;令人信服word n. 消息flash v./n. 闪现,,闪动,出现 executive a.执行的 n.执行官 chief executive 首席执行官 the right to … (有)做…的权利 have rights doing sth. 有权做某事 society n.协会,社团academic ~ 学术社团 specific society 具体的、特定的社团community n. …界, 团体;社会,社区 legal community 法律界 scientific community 科学界 religious community 宗教团体health research community 医疗研究团体 via prep. 经由,通过post v. 张贴,发布;(在网上)发帖 bulletin n. 公告,报告import n. 重要性,重要意义;进口 implications n. 含义,意义;暗示,启示 imply v. 暗示,推论出;蕴含着… implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的explicit a. 表达明确地,明白的 sink in 被了解 alike adj. 类似的,同类的 deal with 安排,处理,思考breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气 association n. 协会associate… with… 把…和…联系起来 bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地,厉害地 bill n. 法案,法律;账单passage n. 通过;经过;道路,通道 tide n. 潮流,趋势likely adj/adv. 很有可能,可能的= possible be likely to 常常,很有可能unlikely adj. 不可能 = impossibleaging population 老龄化的人口 extend v. 延长,延伸,推广life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术 extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式 be extended indefinitely 无限期延长 get on with 继续做have something to do with … 与…有关 have much to do with 与…很有关系 observer n. 观察者,旁观者 observe v. 观察,注意;评论 observation 观察(报告/结论);评论 make observations 做评论domino (es ) 多米诺效应(~ effect ) request v. 请求,要求 deadly adj. 致命的dreadful adj. 可怕的;极大的 inject v. 注射,注入 pill n. 药丸suffering n. 痛苦,受罪 suffer v. 遭受 diagnose v. 诊断 cool off 平静下来,变凉certificate n. 证明(书、证等) haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的,不易忘怀的 terrifying a. 可怕的,令人害怕的 spiritual a. 精神上的fight for 努力…,为…而努力 claw v. 抓 (scratch ) mask n. 面具object to 反对 objection to objectionable 引起反对的,讨厌的objective adj. 客观的 objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正,客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点 be responsible for 对…负责(表示原因) significance n. 重要性,意义 calm a . 平静的,镇静的intense a.强烈的,剧烈的(~ fear 非常担心)characteristic n.(~s )特点,特色 a. 特有的 be characteristic of 特点是 = be typical of be characterized by 特点是,以…为特点 experience v./n.经历 =undergo=go through shared experience 共同的经历、经验 perish v. 死亡,变腐败 in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同(approval)disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的(indifference)carefree adj. 不关心的,冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑,不信suspicion n. 怀疑,猜疑,不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的(= prejudiced)prejudice n./v. (持有)偏见= bias puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑 word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusion confused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然,困惑;混淆confusion n. 困惑,混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观(精神)pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观(精神)reserve v. 预留,保留;储备(金)reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置,空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者,狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗;暗淡doom n.末日,宿命 gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的 scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Two 97阅读2consistent a. 一直的,一贯的,始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭,法院,足球场frequently adv. 经常,频繁地(反义词rarely)small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的,粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有,应该受到;值得comment on (做)评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本,本来dull a. 无趣的,无聊的(dullness)existence n. 存在;生存状态, 生活(life)typically ad. 通常,一般地(= generally)distant a. 远的,距离远的source n. 来源,本源;根源,原因 =origin diversion n. 娱乐;转移diverse adj. 不同的,多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目;程序 = projectharsh a. 残酷的;严厉、苛刻的(harshness)harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境,前方shape v. 塑造,形成;外形,体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好,好客(~ to sb.)injure v. 伤害(injury)turn to诉诸,求助于,寻求…的帮助resort to lodge n. 乡间小屋,旅社 v. 借宿,临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处,避难处 v. 保护,庇护residence n. 住处,住宅;居住dwelling n. 住所,处所dwell v. 住,居住mere(ly)adj./adv. 仅仅,不过,只(= only)charitable a. 仁慈的,慈善的impulse n. 冲动;推动,动力on the part of…从…的角度(on my part在我看来)reflect v. 反映,表现(= mirror);反省,反思(~ on) reflection n. weary a.疲倦的,筋疲力尽的(=exhausted)tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地(~ soon非常一小会儿)pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的,完全彻底的(properly)casual a. 不经意的,偶然的,临时的casualness n. 随便,随意,非正式interpret v. 阐释,说明interpret as 理解为,解释为artificial a. 假的,人造的;矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n.大型建筑(群)complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象,征兆;符号assume v.(没有根据地)认为,假定;承担assumption n. 假设,假定,设想,认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了,构成了(…的基础);强调fail v. 失败 fail to 不能,未能translate v. 转化;理解more than 不仅仅是,远远胜过brief a.短暂的,简短的 in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要,简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇,遇到distinguish between 区分,区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现,显现(~ oneself) ~ation manifesto n. 宣言,声明exclusive adj.独一的(exclusive use单独使用)equal v. 等于,相当于entertain v. 招待,款待(=treat);使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持,持续(传统,习惯等)keep up with 跟上,追上keep doing 一直,持续做某事Unit Three 97年阅读3substance n. 物质other than 除了(…之外)rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上,学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语,专用名词 v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…,指的是;谈到,提及chemical n. 化学药品,化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人 v.(~ to)沉迷于addiction n. (to)上瘾,沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒,酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生,心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释,说明misuse v. 误用,用错;使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的(= widespread)aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静;平息下来sociable a. 社交的,增进友谊的nerve n. 神经;勇气,胆量apparent a. 显然的,明显的 = obvious apparently adv. 显然,明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用,消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ onpoison v 中毒,投毒 (~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的,感觉的perception n. 知觉,感觉perceive v. 观察,感知distort v. 扭曲,歪曲(~ion)repeated use 反复使用,再三使用repeated adj. 再三的,反复的,重复性的lead to 导致,造成(= result in =cause)substance dependence 物质(药物)依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍,承受( tolerate v. )be tolerant of 容忍 tolerate v. 忍受,容忍desire n./v.期望,希望 ~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现;外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销,撤退,收回withdrawal n.)symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止,废止,放弃affect v. 影响 effect n. 影响;效果mood n. 情绪,心情group v. 归类,分类 = classifystimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质) depress v. 使压抑,使消沉,使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉(hallucination n.幻觉,幻想)hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初,起初(=originally);第一,首先(= primarily)speed up 加速(slow down 减速,放缓)activate v. 刺激,使活跃起来primary a.初步的,首要的;主要的,重要的primarily adv. 主要的(=predominantly)首先,第一(=firstly=initially)primacy n. 首要地位,优势 = predominance variety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的,彻底的,激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的,有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱,更可取,更好preference n. 优先权,优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的 ~ policies in that 之所以这样是因为(解释原因)fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的,无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的,深刻的,感人的pierce v. 刺穿,刺透,刺 fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生,来源于;原因是… = arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于,归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe… to …原因在于,原因是 = due to consumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.) production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的(= intention)quantitative a. 定量的,按一定数量的application (to) n. 应用,使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. (to)应用,适用于employ v. 使用;雇佣employer n. 用人单位;老板employment n. 使用;职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的(nagative a. 消极的)positive forces积极力量=driving forces推动力Unit Four 97年阅读4contribute to 导致,促成;为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributing factors)decline n./v. 衰退,下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的 a ~ industry fade v. 渐渐消失,衰弱,减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的,日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的,日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌,降低(fell,fallen)= drop rise v./n. 上升,增加(rose ,risen)on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现,完成,达到complete v. 完成,使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀,使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的,各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心(的),中心take over 接管,接班,接任late a. 已逝的,已故的 alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易 dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v.再设计,重新建造,结构重组flap n./v. 辩论,辩护 debate n.争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达 ~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫,辩护defender n. 支持者,辩护人 =supporter defendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理,为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护,理由是…release v. 发表,发行 issue v.under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的,猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反,违背(规章等)= infringe violate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试,检验;试验democratic a. 民主的,大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执,争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的,使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协,让步(=retreat ;=back off)hard-line 强硬路线 ~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some level stockholder n. 股东,股票持有人cite v. 引用,引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v. 宣布 = declarelaunch v. 发动,发起 ~ a drive to do sth. drive v. 驱动,推动driving force 推动力,驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下,暗处develop v. 制定,培养;发展;研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发,分配;发行,销售distribution n. 发行,销售;发放,分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会;委员会boss and board 管理层 = the management licencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的 oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士,知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.(法律、合同等的)修改,修订unite v. 团结,联合为一Unit Five 97年阅读5monetary a. 金融的,货币的steer v. 驾驶,驾驭land v. 着陆(take off 起飞,猛增)brake n./v. 闸;刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的,易变的effect(on …)n. 影响(= influence on )hence adv. 因此就出现了,因此就有了analogy n. 类比nanlogous adj. 相当于,类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为;行为(~ online transactions进行网上贸易)liken…to… v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂,破碎rear v. 后部的,后面的view n. 景色,风景;观点,看法faulty a 有缺点的,不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀,引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力(能力),最大承受量(容量)utilization n. 利用,使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循,按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的,可比作extremely a. 极端地,非常地last v. 持续(一段时间)amaze v. 令人吃惊,使吃惊amazing a.神奇的,奇异的Unit Six 98年阅读1it doesn’t help that 无法阻止,无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起;俘获,夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination)giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的 = giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭… 摆布drought n. 干旱(flood n. 洪涝)ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的,迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated(with )对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten(to do)有…的危险,威胁(到)= risk threat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固,加强bid n. 出价,投标bid for(投标)竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位;状态tend to 往往,通常会intend v. 打算,目的在于~ doing/to do sth. be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势,倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺,夺去… fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不= hardlygenerate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件,神话;荒诞的说法mythical adj.令人神往的,想象的,虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的,进步的 = civil civilize v. 让… 变得文明,使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…) troops n. 军队( = forces )contention over 竞争,争夺… (contend v. ) contend v.主张;竞争,斗争(contention n. )give the go-ahead 允许,许可wrong-headed adj.执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使 = even ifalthough ( = though ) ad. 尽管,虽然destruction n. 毁灭,破坏the powerful 权贵,强势阶层the powerless 平民,群众far from 远非,根本不是,根本没有far beyond 远远超过,远非resolve v. 决心;解决(同问题、分歧连用)conflict n. 冲突,斗争,摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大,巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视,忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的,至关重要的vitality n. 生命力,活力concern v. 与…有关 n. 担忧,关切concerning prep.就…而言;与…有关concerned 相关的(后置修饰词)voice one’s c oncern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心,担心,重视strengthen v. 巩固,加强weaken v. 消弱,使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的 n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及,使普遍 = popularize no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙(贬义)= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃,跳,飞跃Unit Seven 98年2tale n. 故事,童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含,加入;合并revival n. 复兴,振兴,重生establish v. 建立,确立;公认,确定established adj. 确定的,既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的;多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新,变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持,负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的,官方的~ statu3/22/2010s 官方地位statistics n. 统计数字,统计学mildly adv. (mild adj. )轻微的,适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造 ~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均(只用于数字或人的资质)previous adj. 以前的,过去的acceleration n. 加速,加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环,周期 business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用,循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的,充分的~ evidence inconclusive adj.不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据(不可数名词)treasury secretary n. 财政大臣,财政部长disjunction n. 分离,不吻合,出入anecdote n. 趣闻,轶事downsize v. 裁减,精简overall adj. 整体,全部的,总的factor n. 因素,要素joint adj. 共同的,联合的join v. 连接,结合equipment n. 装备,设备,装置machinery n. (总称)机器,机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大,很有关系speculate (on) v.(对…进行)预测,推测speculative adj. 预测的,猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地,不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布,均衡分布的suppose v. 假设,猜想,想象academic v. 学者,大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n.殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的;粗糙的,粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况;;案例,例子;(法律)案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入,财政收入colleague n. 同事,伙伴 = company mechanistic adj.机械的mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的,机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式,方法(= in a… manner) version 版本;说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的 sufficiency n. long-term adj. 长期的 ~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率,直言不讳的dismiss… as… 认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问 ( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏;复原,恢复exclude v. 排除,除去…之外include v. 包含,包括fall short of 落后于,达不到(目标),不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测,预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题 / 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑,质疑 = suspect questionnaire n. 问卷 reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出,造成) unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n.改革(liberal reform 自由改革) essential(for/to)adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮,一捆,一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eight 98年3uneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. (问题等的)方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判;试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话,言语 harsh remarksmake a passing remark 短暂发言,说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙,分裂deepen v. 加深,深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者,评论家 criticize v. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的;批评的;至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金 v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地,显著地assemble v. 集合;组装find fault with 批评,挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家,思想家philosophy n. 哲学,人生准则,生活方式create v. 创造(creation n. 创造,创造物)creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化;物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象(phenomena 复数)contradict v. 与… 矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照,对比(不同点)survey n./v. 调查;纵览,通盘考虑reveal v.显示,显示出;揭示,揭露;泄露tag n. 标签 v. 贴标签(= label )label v./n. (贴)标签,标示epithet n.称号attach… to… 将… 联系在一起atta ch importance to… 强调,重视…advocate v. 提倡,倡导 n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.) smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望,盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章,散文 article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的,必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to… v. 与… 有关,相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱,先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗,枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果,逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的consequently adv. 因此 = thus = therefore note v. 注意到;写道 n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味,明显特征denote v. 指示,表示的是have… in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的,共同的annoy v. 惹恼,激怒,令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对,挑战confrontation n. 对抗,冲突,不和separation n. 分裂,分离separate adj. 独立的,各自的,分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱,赚得;博得,得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的,可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的;赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的,有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明,例证context n. 上下文,语境Unit Nine 98.4emerge v. 出现 = appearemergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数,人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与… 竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性,竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位,是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了,充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升,增长(= rise)add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的,每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家) prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开,掉出,退出shift v. /n. 转换,变化,转移,转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化,重要变化wave n. 浪潮,潮流( = trend )one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色,作用 play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获,收割generation n. 一代(人)two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关,相关的 closely related to career-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子,实例rapid adj. 迅速的,飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的,巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏,破坏be composed of 由… 组成的square n./a. 平方(的)~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑;远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj.剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的 space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫,通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的,城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率;费率interest rates 利率 divorce rate离婚率crime rate犯罪率 birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例 sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性;原因 v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的,非常(= vastly)perplex v. 困扰,迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证,目击 n. 目击者,证人undergo v. 经历了 = experiencedistinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力 v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调(= stress )continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的,不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述,精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的 delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事,忙于conservative a. 保守的 n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持 = stick toUnit 10 98.5scatter v. 遍布,散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离,隔绝isolated adj. 分离的,隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学 geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…(比例)(= account for)组成(be made up of…由…构成)弥补,化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n.踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s;volcanic ~s milestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着 markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨,横越 n. 跨距,跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示,提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒,使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作,移动(= mobility )mobile adj.(可)移动的,流动的mobility n. orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造,构造;构思,构想,想象in detail adv. 细节的,详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…,在…方面,与…有关= in terms of = regarding readily adv. 轻易地,容易地translate… into… 将… 解释为determine v. 确定,决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的,静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地,分别地anchor v. 固定在,停留 n 节目主持人layer n. 层,层次measuring instrument 测量工具,测量仪器measure n. 措施;衡量指标,测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析 self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于,局限于frame n. 框架,范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动,推进,加速broad adj. 宽阔的,巨大的,广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙,裂痕( = crack )entire adj. 完全的,整体的entirely adv. 完全地,彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始,引发take initiative 积极行动,采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形;易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的 ~ly adv.一直inconsistency n. 不一致,变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型,圆屋顶be deducted from 由… 推论出stable adj. 稳定 stability n. 稳定Unit 11 99.1rough adj. 粗糙的,粗略的;困难,复杂roughly adv. 大约,大致(后跟数字或数目)slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难 catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧,灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉 appeal v. (to,for)上诉,申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿,补偿compensation n. 赔偿,补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为,主张;保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任,对…应负责任be liable to 易…的,有…可能的liability n. 义务,法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n.运气;财富;财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎;警告precaution n. 预防,防范,警惕appropriate adj. 正确,适当的 = proper inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏,药物交互作用interact with 互动,相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定,规则regulate v.规范,管理regular adj. 规则的,标准的;定期的regularity n. 规律性,规则性customer n. 顾客,消费者client n.顾客,客户potential customer 潜在顾客,可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制,定做,用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转,逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔;主张;宣称,声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称(= claim)side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹,瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法 a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的 = unmatched unsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的,空前的precede v. 先于,在… 之前(发生)proceed to 着手做,进入(下一个议程或项目)athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院,机构judge n. 法官 v. 判断 judgement n.判断justice n. 司法;正义;法官recommendation n.建议;推荐recommend v.建议;推荐 counsel v. 建议carry v. 有,蕴含着,承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的;相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量,重量issue v. 发布,出台 n.问题,争端,事务guideline n. 指导,方针,大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明,陈述,规定 statement n bombard sb. with… v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.(演说、文章等)冗长的 = tedious lengthen v. 延长 shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋,被忽略= be buriedtriviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草 n. 草案,草稿moderate adj. 适度,中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事,顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬,挑错promise v. 承诺 n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足,不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustrate discard v. 抛弃discard… in words 口头,表面上抛弃Unit 12 99.2web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务,互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义,抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚 v.制定,开发,研发(=develop) attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的,过时的fashionable a. 时髦的,流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发 ~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理,行得通;有意义nonetheless adv. 然而,但是(= nevertheless ) hesitate v. 犹豫,犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑 self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者 dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的 fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任 n. 托拉斯,大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任,怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径 path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险,冒…的风险 = threatenrisk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to允许出入,允许接触access n. 接近,利用(网络)accessible adj. 可获得的,可利用的intranet n. (单位内部)局域网model n./v. 模式,方式,模仿,建模focus on 集中于;全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的,可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址,场所;网址=websitedirect a. 直接的,径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播,传染 transmission n. message n. 信息,消息 send out messages screen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送,送货上门;发言,发表演说updated adj. 最新的,更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的,一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. (to)同意,赞同monitor n. 监视器,显示器as yet (到目前为止)尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售,特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动,促进;促销;提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出 n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供;出价,报价provide v. 提供 = offerprovided conj. 如果(= if)think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念,概念,想法,意见connotation n. 内涵,含义,意义event n. 活动,事件,事情eventually adv. 最终,最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前,曾经(= used to);一旦,如果univited a. 不请自来的,未经请求的distinction n. 区别;显赫身份,声望distinct a. 截然不同的,明显独特的draw v. 做比较,进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较(相同点或不同点)prospect n. 前景 raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬,恐吓,令人害怕,使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助,采取,求助于the best resort 最好的办法,最好的手段the last resort最后的手段;终审法庭,最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合cost n.支出,成本;代价at all ~s 不惜一切代价地cost and benefit 利弊costly adj. 昂贵的 = expensivefree fall 自由落体,自由降落enterprise n. 企业silicon n. 硅,电脑业in silicon在互联网上silicon chips 硅片,芯片,集成电路板set up 设立,创立take the online plunge投身于互联网,置身于网络expand v. 扩大expansion n. 扩展fanciful adj. 新奇的in vain 徒劳,白费,没有用处boom v.繁荣,迅猛发展baby boom生育高峰enjoy the widest popularity 得到流行,受到欢迎popular adj. 受欢迎的;大众的popular culture 大众文化populist n. 大众主义者,平民主义者adj. 大众主义者的,大众的faith n. 忠诚,信任give priority to 重视,认为…优先function v.起作用,运行,行使职责n.功能,职责functional adj. 功能性的leading adj. 主要的,重要的;领先的Unit 13 99.3invisible adj. 看不见的,无形的visible adj. 看得见的border n. 边界,界限frontier n. 边境,前方divide v. 分开,划分开 n. 差距,鸿沟digital divide数字化鸿沟division n. 分歧,分隔,分离argue for赞成,支持,同意= subscribe =favor argue v.坚决主张,认为=claim=hold=contend argument n. 论点,观点;论据on behalf of 代表…,为了…= on one’s behalfexplore v. 探索,探讨,探究,研究exploration n. 探究,研究subject n.题目,主题;学科adj.遭受…的,容易受到…(影响)的be subject to (n.) 受限制,属于subject matter 主题,主旨。