商志考研英语词汇3147
商志考研英语词汇逐词精讲

晚 22 20 播出 前言
1. 考研英语考试大 对词汇的要求
考生应能掌握 5 500
3147 词汇
讲 商
最新考研英语考试大 指出
的词汇
第一,考研英语考试大 词汇表已 连续 年 2015 年 2014 年 2013 年 未变 年来大 词汇表完全一 ,既没有增 任何一个单词, 没有删 任何一个单词 考研英语 ,2013 年考试大 比 2012 年考试大 增 了 60 个单词 单词 原来的单词一共是 5500 个 第 据 ,考研英语考试大 规定,阅读理解中会出现不到 3%的超 文推测生词的 新增的 60 个
4. command v./n. 命 掌握,运用 例 1 command the English language with skill and gift. 例 2 have a good command over computer 5. gift n. 赋 piano gift 例 1 literary gift 例 2 It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. 6. aspire to (do) sth. [ə'spaɪə(r)] 后接动词不定式表示追求的目标 渴望做 例 1 They don’t aspire to command the English language well. 例 2 As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. 心勃勃的 例 3 It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. 抱负 热望 向 渴望 7. degrade upgrade 8. linguist v. 退化 v. 升级 n. 语言学家 degradation n. 退化,档次降 grade n. 年级 级别 linguistic a. 语言的 linguistics n. 语言学
启航考研英语3147核心词汇

Unit One vote v. /n. 投票 debate v. /n. 辩论,争论 authority n. 政府;权威专家,权威(人士) occupation authorities 占领当局 be authorized to do 得到授权 be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利,有做…的权利 incurably ill patients 晚期患者 terminally ill 晚期的,终期的 convince v. 坚信,相信;令人信服 word n. 消息 flash v./n. 闪现,,闪动,出现 executive a.执行的 n.执行官 chief executive 首席执行官 the right to … (有)做…的权利 have rights doing sth. 有权做某事 society n. 协会,社团academic ~ 学术社团 specific society 具体的、特定的社团 community n. …界, 团体;社会,社区 legal community 法律界 scientific community 科学界 religious community 宗教团体 health research community 医疗研究团体 via prep. 经由,通过 post v. 张贴,发布;(在网上)发帖 bulletin n. 公告,报告 import n. 重要性,重要意义;进口 implications n. 含义,意义;暗示,启示 imply v. 暗示,推论出;蕴含着… implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的 explicit a. 表达明确地,明白的 sink in 被了解 alike adj. 类似的,同类的 deal with 安排,处理,思考 breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气 association n. 协会 associate … with … 把…和…联系起来 bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地,厉害地 bill n. 法案,法律;账单 passage n. 通过;经过;道路,通道 tide n. 潮流,趋势 likely adj/adv. 很有可能,可能的= possible be likely to 常常,很有可能 unlikely adj. 不可能 = impossible aging population 老龄化的人口 extend v. 延长,延伸,推广 life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术 extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式 be extended indefinitely 无限期延长 get on with 继续做 have something to do with … 与…有关 have much to do with 与…很有关系 observer n. 观察者,旁观者 observe v. 观察,注意;评论 observation 观察(报告),观察(结论);评论 make observations 做评论 domino (es ) 多米诺效应(~ effect ) request v. 请求,要求 deadly adj. 致命的 dreadful adj. 可怕的;极大的 inject v. 注射,注入 pill n. 药丸 suffering n. 痛苦,受罪 suffer v. 遭受 diagnose v. 诊断 cool off 平静下来,变凉 certificate n. 证明(书、证等) haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的,不易忘怀的 terrifying a. 可怕的,令人害怕的 spiritual a. 精神上的 fight for 努力…,为…而努力 claw v. 抓 (scratch ) mask n. 面具 object to 反对 objection to objectionable 引起反对的,讨厌的 objective adj. 客观的 objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正,客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点be responsible for 对…负责(表示原因)significance n. 重要性,意义calm a . 平静的,镇静的intense a.强烈的,剧烈的(~ fear 非常担心)characteristic n.(~s)特点,特色 a. 特有的be characteristic of 特点是= be typical ofbe characterized by 特点是,以…为特点experience v./n.经历(= undergo=go through)shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡,变腐败 in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同(approval)disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的(indifference)carefree adj. 不关心的,冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑,不信suspicion n. 怀疑,猜疑,不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的(= prejudiced)prejudice n./v. (持有)偏见= bias puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑 word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusionconfused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然,困惑;混淆confusion n. 困惑,混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观(精神)pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观(精神)reserve v. 预留,保留;储备(金)reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置,空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者,狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗;暗淡doom n. 末日,宿命 gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Twoconsistent a. 一直的,一贯的,始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭,法院,足球场frequently adv. 经常,频繁地(反义词rarely)small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的,粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有,应该受到;值得comment on (做)评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本,本来dull a. 无趣的,无聊的(dullness)existence n. 存在;生存状态, 生活(life)typically ad. 通常,一般地(= generally)distant a. 远的,距离远的source n. 来源,本源;根源,原因=origindiversion n. 娱乐;转移diverse adj. 不同的,多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目;程序 = project harsh a. 残酷的;严厉、苛刻的(harshness)harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境,前方shape v. 塑造,形成;外形,体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好,好客(~ to sb.)injure v. 伤害(injury)turn to 诉诸,求助于,寻求…的帮助=resort tolodge n. 乡间小屋,旅社 v. 借宿,临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处,避难处 v. 保护,庇护residence n. 住处,住宅;居住dwelling n. 住所,处所dwell v. 住,居住mere(ly)adj./adv. 仅仅,不过,只(= only)charitable a. 仁慈的,慈善的impulse n. 冲动;推动,动力on the part of…从…的角度(on my part 在我看来)reflect v. 反映,表现(= mirror);反省,反思(~ on) reflection n.weary a.疲倦的,筋疲力尽的(=exhausted)tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地(~ soon非常一小会儿)pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的,完全彻底的(properly)casual a. 不经意的,偶然的,临时的casualness n. 随便,随意,非正式interpret v. 阐释,说明interpret as 理解为,解释为artificial a. 假的,人造的;矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑(群)complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象,征兆;符号assume v.(没有根据地)认为,假定;承担assumption n. 假设,假定,设想,认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了,构成了(…的基础);强调fail v. 失败 fail to 不能,未能translate v. 转化;理解more than 不仅仅是,远远胜过brief a.短暂的,简短的 in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要,简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇,遇到distinguish between 区分,区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现,显现(~ oneself)~ationmanifesto n. 宣言,声明exclusive adj.独一的(exclusive use单独使用)equal v. 等于,相当于entertain v. 招待,款待(=treat);使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持,持续(传统,习惯等)keep up with 跟上,追上keep doing 一直,持续做某事Unit Threesubstance n. 物质other than 除了(…之外)rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上,学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语,专用名词 v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…,指的是;谈到,提及chemical n. 化学药品,化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人 v.(~ to)沉迷于addiction n. (to)上瘾,沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒,酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生,心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释,说明misuse v. 误用,用错;使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的(= widespread)aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静;平息下来sociable a. 社交的,增进友谊的nerve n. 神经;勇气,胆量apparent a. 显然的,明显的 = obvious apparently adv. 显然,明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用,消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ onpoison v 中毒,投毒 (~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的,感觉的perception n. 知觉,感觉perceive v. 观察,感知distort v. 扭曲,歪曲(~ion)repeated use 反复使用,再三使用repeated adj. 再三的,反复的,重复性的lead to 导致,造成(= result in =cause)substance dependence 物质(药物)依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍,承受( tolerate v. )be tolerant of 容忍 tolerate v. 忍受,容忍desire n./v.期望,希望 ~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现;外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销,撤退,收回(withdrawal n.)symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止,废止,放弃affect v. 影响 effect n. 影响;效果mood n. 情绪,心情group v. 归类,分类 = classify stimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质)depress v. 使压抑,使消沉,使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉(hallucination n.幻觉,幻想)hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初,起初(=originally);第一,首先(= primarily)speed up 加速(slow down 减速,放缓)activate v. 刺激,使活跃起来primary a.初步的,首要的;主要的,重要的primarily adv. 主要的(=predominantly)首先,第一(=firstly=initially)primacy n. 首要地位,优势= predominancevariety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的,彻底的,激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的,有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱,更可取,更好preference n. 优先权,优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的~ policiesin that 之所以这样是因为(解释原因)fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的,无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的,深刻的,感人的pierce v. 刺穿,刺透,刺 fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生,来源于;原因是… = arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于,归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe… to …原因在于,原因是 = due to consumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.)production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的(= intention)quantitative a. 定量的,按一定数量的application (to) n. 应用,使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. (to)应用,适用于employ v. 使用;雇佣employer n. 用人单位;老板employment n. 使用;职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的(nagative a. 消极的)positive forces积极力量=driving forces 推动力Unit Fourcontribute to 导致,促成;为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributingfactors)decline n./v. 衰退,下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的 a ~ industryfade v. 渐渐消失,衰弱,减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的,日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的,日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌,降低(fell,fallen)= droprise v./n. 上升,增加(rose ,risen)on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现,完成,达到complete v. 完成,使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀,使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的,各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心(的),中心take over 接管,接班,接任late a. 已逝的,已故的 alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易 dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property 知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v. 再设计,重新建造,结构重组flap n./v. 辩论,辩护 debate n. 争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达 ~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫,辩护defender n. 支持者,辩护人=supporterdefendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理,为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护,理由是…release v. 发表,发行 issue v. under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的,猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反,违背(规章等)= infringeviolate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试,检验;试验democratic a. 民主的,大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执,争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的,使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协,让步(=retreat ;=back off)hard-line 强硬路线 ~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some levelstockholder n. 股东,股票持有人cite v. 引用,引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v.宣布 = declarelaunch v. 发动,发起 ~ a drive to do sth.drive v. 驱动,推动driving force 推动力,驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下,暗处develop v. 制定,培养;发展;研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发,分配;发行,销售distribution n. 发行,销售;发放,分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会;委员会boss and board 管理层 = the management licencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的 oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士,知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.(法律、合同等的)修改,修订unite v. 团结,联合为一Unit Fivemonetary a. 金融的,货币的steer v. 驾驶,驾驭land v. 着陆(take off 起飞,猛增)brake n./v. 闸;刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的,易变的effect(on …)n. 影响(= influence on )hence adv. 因此就出现了,因此就有了analogy n. 类比anlogous adj. 相当于,类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为;行为(~ online transactions进行网上贸易)liken…to… v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂,破碎rear v. 后部的,后面的view n. 景色,风景;观点,看法faulty a 有缺点的,不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀,引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力(能力),最大承受量(容量)utilization n. 利用,使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循,按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的,可比作extremely a. 极端地,非常地last v. 持续(一段时间)amaze v. 令人吃惊,使吃惊amazing a.神奇的,奇异的Unit Sixit doesn’t help that 无法阻止,无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起;俘获,夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination) giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的= giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭…摆布drought n. 干旱(flood n. 洪涝)ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的,迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated(with )对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten(to do)有…的危险,威胁(到)= riskthreat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something 努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固,加强bid n. 出价,投标bid for(投标)竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位;状态tend to 往往,通常会intend v. 打算,目的在于~ doing/to do sth.be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势,倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺,夺去…fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不= hardly generate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件,神话;荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的,想象的,虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的,进步的= civilcivilize v. 让…变得文明,使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…)troops n. 军队( = forces )contention over 竞争,争夺… (contend v. )contend v.主张;竞争,斗争(contention n. )give the go-ahead 允许,许可wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使 = even if although ( = though ) ad. 尽管,虽然destruction n. 毁灭,破坏the powerful 权贵,强势阶层the powerless 平民,群众far from 远非,根本不是,根本没有far beyond 远远超过,远非resolve v. 决心;解决(同问题、分歧连用)conflict n. 冲突,斗争,摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大,巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视,忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的,至关重要的vitality n. 生命力,活力concern v. 与…有关 n. 担忧,关切concerning prep.就…而言;与…有关concerned 相关的(后置修饰词)voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心,担心,重视strengthen v. 巩固,加强weaken v. 消弱,使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的 n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及,使普遍= popularizeno use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙(贬义)= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃,跳,飞跃Unit Seventale n. 故事,童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含,加入;合并revival n. 复兴,振兴,重生establish v. 建立,确立;公认,确定established adj. 确定的,既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的;多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新,变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持,负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的,官方的~ status 官方地位statistics n. 统计数字,统计学mildly adv. (mild adj. )轻微的,适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均(只用于数字或人的资质)previous adj. 以前的,过去的acceleration n. 加速,加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环,周期 business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用,循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的,充分的~ evidenceinconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据(不可数名词)treasury secretary n. 财政大臣,财政部长disjunction n. 分离,不吻合,出入anecdote n. 趣闻,轶事downsize v. 裁减,精简overall adj. 整体,全部的,总的factor n. 因素,要素joint adj. 共同的,联合的join v. 连接,结合equipment n. 装备,设备,装置machinery n. (总称)机器,机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大,很有关系speculate (on) v. (对…进行)预测,推测speculative adj. 预测的,猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地,不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布,均衡分布的suppose v. 假设,猜想,想象academic v. 学者,大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的;粗糙的,粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况;;案例,例子;(法律)案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入,财政收入colleague n. 同事,伙伴 = company mechanistic adj.机械的 mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的,机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式,方法(= in a…manner)version 版本;说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的sufficiency n.long-term adj. 长期的 ~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率,直言不讳的dismiss… as…认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问 ( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏;复原,恢复exclude v. 排除,除去…之外include v. 包含,包括fall short of 落后于,达不到(目标),不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测,预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题 / 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑,质疑 = suspect questionnaire n. 问卷 reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出,造成)unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革(liberal reform 自由改革)essential(for/to)adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮,一捆,一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eightuneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. (问题等的)方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判;试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话,言语 harsh remarksmake a passing remark 短暂发言,说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙,分裂deepen v. 加深,深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者,评论家 criticizev. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的;批评的;至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金 v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地,显著地assemble v. 集合;组装find fault with 批评,挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家,思想家philosophy n. 哲学,人生准则,生活方式create v. 创造(creation n. 创造,创造物)creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化;物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象(phenomena 复数)contradict v. 与…矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照,对比(不同点)survey n./v. 调查;纵览,通盘考虑reveal v. 显示,显示出;揭示,揭露;泄露tag n. 标签 v. 贴标签(= label )label v./n. (贴)标签,标示epithet n.称号attach… to…将…联系在一起attach importance to…强调,重视…advocate v. 提倡,倡导 n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.)smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望,盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章,散文 article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的,必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to… v. 与…有关,相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱,先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗,枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果,逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的consequently adv. 因此= thus = thereforenote v. 注意到;写道 n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味,明显特征denote v. 指示,表示的是have… in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的,共同的annoy v. 惹恼,激怒,令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对,挑战confrontation n. 对抗,冲突,不和separation n. 分裂,分离separate adj. 独立的,各自的,分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱,赚得;博得,得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的,可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的;赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的,有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明,例证context n. 上下文,语境Unit Nineemerge v. 出现 = appear emergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数,人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与…竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性,竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位,是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了,充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升,增长(= rise)add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的,每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家)prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开,掉出,退出shift v. /n. 转换,变化,转移,转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化,重要变化wave n. 浪潮,潮流( = trend )one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色,作用 play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获,收割generation n. 一代(人)two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关,相关的 closely related tocareer-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子,实例rapid adj. 迅速的,飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的,巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏,破坏be composed of 由…组成的square n./a. 平方(的) ~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑;远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的 space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫,通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的,城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率;费率interest rates 利率 divorce rate 离婚率crime rate犯罪率 birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例 sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性;原因 v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的,非常(= vastly)perplex v. 困扰,迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证,目击 n. 目击者,证人undergo v. 经历了 = experience distinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力 v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调(= stress )continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的,不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述,精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的 delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事,忙于conservative a. 保守的 n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持 = stick to Unit 10scatter v. 遍布,散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离,隔绝isolated adj. 分离的,隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山 volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学 geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…(比例)(= account for)组成(be made up of…由…构成)弥补,化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s;volcanic ~smilestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着 markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨,横越 n. 跨距,跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示,提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒,使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作,移动(= mobility )mobile adj.(可)移动的,流动的mobility n.orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造,构造;构思,构想,想象in detail adv. 细节的,详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…,在…方面,与…有关= in terms of = regarding readily adv. 轻易地,容易地translate… into…将…解释为determine v. 确定,决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的,静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地,分别地anchor v. 固定在,停留 n 节目主持人layer n. 层,层次measuring instrument 测量工具,测量仪器measure n. 措施;衡量指标,测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于,局限于frame n. 框架,范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动,推进,加速broad adj. 宽阔的,巨大的,广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙,裂痕( = crack )entire adj. 完全的,整体的entirely adv. 完全地,彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始,引发take initiative 积极行动,采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形;易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的 ~ly adv. 一直inconsistency n. 不一致,变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型,圆屋顶be deducted from 由…推论出stable adj. 稳定 stability n. 稳定Unit 11rough adj. 粗糙的,粗略的;困难,复杂roughly adv. 大约,大致(后跟数字或数目)slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难 catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧,灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉 appeal v. (to,for)上诉,申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿,补偿compensation n. 赔偿,补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为,主张;保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任,对…应负责任be liable to 易…的,有…可能的liability n. 义务,法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n. 运气;财富;财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎;警告precaution n. 预防,防范,警惕appropriate adj. 正确,适当的= properinappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏,药物交互作用interact with 互动,相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定,规则regulate v.规范,管理regular adj. 规则的,标准的;定期的regularity n. 规律性,规则性customer n. 顾客,消费者client n.顾客,客户potential customer 潜在顾客,可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制,定做,用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转,逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔;主张;宣称,声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称(= claim)side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹,瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法 a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的= unmatchedunsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的,空前的precede v. 先于,在…之前(发生)proceed to 着手做,进入(下一个议程或项目)athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院,机构judge n. 法官 v. 判断 judgement n.判断justice n. 司法;正义;法官recommendation n.建议;推荐recommend v. 建议;推荐 counsel v. 建议carry v. 有,蕴含着,承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的;相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量,重量issue v. 发布,出台 n. 问题,争端,事务guideline n. 指导,方针,大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明,陈述,规定 statement nbombard sb. with… v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.(演说、文章等)冗长的 = tediouslengthen v. 延长 shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋,被忽略 = be buriedtriviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草 n. 草案,草稿moderate adj. 适度,中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事,顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬,挑错promise v. 承诺 n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足,不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustratediscard v. 抛弃discard… in words 口头,表面上抛弃Unit 12web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务,互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义,抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚v.制定,开发,研发(=develop)attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的,过时的fashionable a. 时髦的,流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发 ~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理,行得通;有意义nonetheless adv. 然而,但是(= nevertheless )hesitate v. 犹豫,犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑 self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者 dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的 fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任 n. 托拉斯,大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任,怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径 path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险,冒…的风险= threatenrisk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to 允许出入,允许接触access n. 接近,利用(网络)accessible adj. 可获得的,可利用的intranet n. (单位内部)局域网model n./v. 模式,方式,模仿,建模focus on 集中于;全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的,可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址,场所;网址=website direct a. 直接的,径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播,传染 transmission n.message n. 信息,消息send out messagesscreen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送,送货上门;发言,发表演说updated adj. 最新的,更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的,一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. (to)同意,赞同monitor n. 监视器,显示器as yet (到目前为止)尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售,特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动,促进;促销;提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出 n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供;出价,报价provide v. 提供 = offerprovided conj. 如果(= if)think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念,概念,想法,意见connotation n. 内涵,含义,意义event n. 活动,事件,事情eventually adv. 最终,最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前,曾经(= used to);一旦,如果univited a. 不请自来的,未经请求的distinction n. 区别;显赫身份,声望distinct a. 截然不同的,明显独特的draw v. 做比较,进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较(相同点或不同点)prospect n. 前景raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬,恐吓,令人害怕,使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助,采取,求助于the best resort 最好的办法,最好的手段the last resort最后的手段;终审法庭,最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合cost n.支出,成本;代价at all ~s 不惜一切代价地cost and benefit 利弊costly adj. 昂贵的 = expensive free fall 自由落体,自由降落enterprise n. 企业silicon n. 硅,电脑业in silicon在互联网上silicon chips 硅片,芯片,集成电路板set up 设立,创立take the online plunge投身于互联网,置身于网络expand v. 扩大expansion n. 扩展fanciful adj. 新奇的in vain 徒劳,白费,没有用处boom v.繁荣,迅猛发展baby boom生育高峰enjoy the widest popularity 得到流行,受到欢迎popular adj. 受欢迎的;大众的popular culture 大众文化populist n. 大众主义者,平民主义者adj. 大众主义者的,大众的faith n. 忠诚,信任give priority to 重视,认为…优先function v.起作用,运行,行使职责n.功能,职责functional adj. 功能性的leading adj. 主要的,重要的;领先的Unit 13invisible adj. 看不见的,无形的visible adj. 看得见的border n. 边界,界限frontier n. 边境,前方divide v. 分开,划分开 n. 差距,鸿沟digital divide数字化鸿沟division n. 分歧,分隔,分离argue for赞成,支持,同意= subscribe =favorargue v.坚决主张,认为=claim=hold=contendargument n. 论点,观点;论据on behalf of 代表…,为了…= on one’s behalfexplore v. 探索,探讨,探究,研究exploration n. 探究,研究subject n.题目,主题;学科adj.遭受…的,容易受到…(影响)的be subject to (n.) 受限制,属于subject matter 主题,主旨go to 是…go to the heart of 是…的核心或关键indeed adv. (加强语气)确实,事实上campaign n. 运动,活动v. 发起运动,活动aim at 目的在于 = aim towards aimlessness n. 毫无目的,毫无目标require v. 要求concept n. 概念;观念,想法conception n. 概念assess v. 评价,评估possess v. 拥有,占有 = own possession n. 拥有;财产。
启航考研英语3147核心词汇

Unit One vote v. /n. 投票 debate v. /n. 辩论,争论 authority n. 政府;权威专家,权威(人士) occupation authorities 占领当局 be authorized to do 得到授权 be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利,有做…的权利 incurably ill patients 晚期患者 terminally ill 晚期的,终期的 convince v. 坚信,相信;令人信服 word n. 消息 flash v./n. 闪现,,闪动,出现 executive a.执行的 n.执行官 chief executive 首席执行官 the right to … (有)做…的权利 have rights doing sth. 有权做某事 society n. 协会,社团academic ~ 学术社团 specific society 具体的、特定的社团 community n. …界, 团体;社会,社区 legal community 法律界 scientific community 科学界 religious community 宗教团体 health research community 医疗研究团体 via prep. 经由,通过 post v. 张贴,发布;(在网上)发帖 bulletin n. 公告,报告 import n. 重要性,重要意义;进口 implications n. 含义,意义;暗示,启示 imply v. 暗示,推论出;蕴含着… implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的 explicit a. 表达明确地,明白的 sink in 被了解 alike adj. 类似的,同类的 deal with 安排,处理,思考 breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气 association n. 协会 associate … with … 把…和…联系起来 bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地,厉害地 bill n. 法案,法律;账单 passage n. 通过;经过;道路,通道 tide n. 潮流,趋势 likely adj/adv. 很有可能,可能的= possible be likely to 常常,很有可能 unlikely adj. 不可能 = impossible aging population 老龄化的人口 extend v. 延长,延伸,推广 life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术 extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式 be extended indefinitely 无限期延长 get on with 继续做 have something to do with … 与…有关 have much to do with 与…很有关系 observer n. 观察者,旁观者 observe v. 观察,注意;评论 observation 观察(报告),观察(结论);评论 make observations 做评论 domino (es ) 多米诺效应(~ effect ) request v. 请求,要求 deadly adj. 致命的 dreadful adj. 可怕的;极大的 inject v. 注射,注入 pill n. 药丸 suffering n. 痛苦,受罪 suffer v. 遭受 diagnose v. 诊断 cool off 平静下来,变凉 certificate n. 证明(书、证等) haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的,不易忘怀的 terrifying a. 可怕的,令人害怕的 spiritual a. 精神上的 fight for 努力…,为…而努力 claw v. 抓 (scratch ) mask n. 面具 object to 反对 objection to objectionable 引起反对的,讨厌的 objective adj. 客观的 objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正,客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点be responsible for 对…负责(表示原因)significance n. 重要性,意义calm a . 平静的,镇静的intense a.强烈的,剧烈的(~ fear 非常担心)characteristic n.(~s)特点,特色 a. 特有的be characteristic of 特点是= be typical ofbe characterized by 特点是,以…为特点experience v./n.经历(= undergo=go through)shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡,变腐败 in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同(approval)disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的(indifference)carefree adj. 不关心的,冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑,不信suspicion n. 怀疑,猜疑,不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的(= prejudiced)prejudice n./v. (持有)偏见= bias puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑 word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusionconfused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然,困惑;混淆confusion n. 困惑,混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观(精神)pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观(精神)reserve v. 预留,保留;储备(金)reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置,空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者,狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗;暗淡doom n. 末日,宿命 gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Twoconsistent a. 一直的,一贯的,始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭,法院,足球场frequently adv. 经常,频繁地(反义词rarely)small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的,粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有,应该受到;值得comment on (做)评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本,本来dull a. 无趣的,无聊的(dullness)existence n. 存在;生存状态, 生活(life)typically ad. 通常,一般地(= generally)distant a. 远的,距离远的source n. 来源,本源;根源,原因=origindiversion n. 娱乐;转移diverse adj. 不同的,多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目;程序 = project harsh a. 残酷的;严厉、苛刻的(harshness)harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境,前方shape v. 塑造,形成;外形,体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好,好客(~ to sb.)injure v. 伤害(injury)turn to 诉诸,求助于,寻求…的帮助=resort tolodge n. 乡间小屋,旅社 v. 借宿,临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处,避难处 v. 保护,庇护residence n. 住处,住宅;居住dwelling n. 住所,处所dwell v. 住,居住mere(ly)adj./adv. 仅仅,不过,只(= only)charitable a. 仁慈的,慈善的impulse n. 冲动;推动,动力on the part of…从…的角度(on my part 在我看来)reflect v. 反映,表现(= mirror);反省,反思(~ on) reflection n.weary a.疲倦的,筋疲力尽的(=exhausted)tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地(~ soon非常一小会儿)pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的,完全彻底的(properly)casual a. 不经意的,偶然的,临时的casualness n. 随便,随意,非正式interpret v. 阐释,说明interpret as 理解为,解释为artificial a. 假的,人造的;矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑(群)complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象,征兆;符号assume v.(没有根据地)认为,假定;承担assumption n. 假设,假定,设想,认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了,构成了(…的基础);强调fail v. 失败 fail to 不能,未能translate v. 转化;理解more than 不仅仅是,远远胜过brief a.短暂的,简短的 in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要,简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇,遇到distinguish between 区分,区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现,显现(~ oneself)~ationmanifesto n. 宣言,声明exclusive adj.独一的(exclusive use单独使用)equal v. 等于,相当于entertain v. 招待,款待(=treat);使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持,持续(传统,习惯等)keep up with 跟上,追上keep doing 一直,持续做某事Unit Threesubstance n. 物质other than 除了(…之外)rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上,学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语,专用名词 v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…,指的是;谈到,提及chemical n. 化学药品,化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人 v.(~ to)沉迷于addiction n. (to)上瘾,沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒,酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生,心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释,说明misuse v. 误用,用错;使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的(= widespread)aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静;平息下来sociable a. 社交的,增进友谊的nerve n. 神经;勇气,胆量apparent a. 显然的,明显的 = obvious apparently adv. 显然,明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用,消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ onpoison v 中毒,投毒 (~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的,感觉的perception n. 知觉,感觉perceive v. 观察,感知distort v. 扭曲,歪曲(~ion)repeated use 反复使用,再三使用repeated adj. 再三的,反复的,重复性的lead to 导致,造成(= result in =cause)substance dependence 物质(药物)依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍,承受( tolerate v. )be tolerant of 容忍 tolerate v. 忍受,容忍desire n./v.期望,希望 ~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现;外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销,撤退,收回(withdrawal n.)symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止,废止,放弃affect v. 影响 effect n. 影响;效果mood n. 情绪,心情group v. 归类,分类 = classify stimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质)depress v. 使压抑,使消沉,使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉(hallucination n.幻觉,幻想)hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初,起初(=originally);第一,首先(= primarily)speed up 加速(slow down 减速,放缓)activate v. 刺激,使活跃起来primary a.初步的,首要的;主要的,重要的primarily adv. 主要的(=predominantly)首先,第一(=firstly=initially)primacy n. 首要地位,优势= predominancevariety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的,彻底的,激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的,有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱,更可取,更好preference n. 优先权,优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的~ policiesin that 之所以这样是因为(解释原因)fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的,无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的,深刻的,感人的pierce v. 刺穿,刺透,刺 fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生,来源于;原因是… = arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于,归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe… to …原因在于,原因是 = due to consumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.)production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的(= intention)quantitative a. 定量的,按一定数量的application (to) n. 应用,使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. (to)应用,适用于employ v. 使用;雇佣employer n. 用人单位;老板employment n. 使用;职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的(nagative a. 消极的)positive forces积极力量=driving forces 推动力Unit Fourcontribute to 导致,促成;为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributingfactors)decline n./v. 衰退,下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的 a ~ industryfade v. 渐渐消失,衰弱,减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的,日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的,日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌,降低(fell,fallen)= droprise v./n. 上升,增加(rose ,risen)on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现,完成,达到complete v. 完成,使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀,使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的,各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心(的),中心take over 接管,接班,接任late a. 已逝的,已故的 alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易 dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property 知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v. 再设计,重新建造,结构重组flap n./v. 辩论,辩护 debate n. 争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达 ~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫,辩护defender n. 支持者,辩护人=supporterdefendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理,为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护,理由是…release v. 发表,发行 issue v. under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的,猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反,违背(规章等)= infringeviolate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试,检验;试验democratic a. 民主的,大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执,争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的,使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协,让步(=retreat ;=back off)hard-line 强硬路线 ~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some levelstockholder n. 股东,股票持有人cite v. 引用,引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v.宣布 = declarelaunch v. 发动,发起 ~ a drive to do sth.drive v. 驱动,推动driving force 推动力,驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下,暗处develop v. 制定,培养;发展;研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发,分配;发行,销售distribution n. 发行,销售;发放,分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会;委员会boss and board 管理层 = the management licencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的 oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士,知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.(法律、合同等的)修改,修订unite v. 团结,联合为一Unit Fivemonetary a. 金融的,货币的steer v. 驾驶,驾驭land v. 着陆(take off 起飞,猛增)brake n./v. 闸;刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的,易变的effect(on …)n. 影响(= influence on )hence adv. 因此就出现了,因此就有了analogy n. 类比anlogous adj. 相当于,类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为;行为(~ online transactions进行网上贸易)liken…to… v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂,破碎rear v. 后部的,后面的view n. 景色,风景;观点,看法faulty a 有缺点的,不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀,引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力(能力),最大承受量(容量)utilization n. 利用,使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循,按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的,可比作extremely a. 极端地,非常地last v. 持续(一段时间)amaze v. 令人吃惊,使吃惊amazing a.神奇的,奇异的Unit Sixit doesn’t help that 无法阻止,无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起;俘获,夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination) giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的= giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭…摆布drought n. 干旱(flood n. 洪涝)ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的,迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated(with )对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten(to do)有…的危险,威胁(到)= riskthreat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something 努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固,加强bid n. 出价,投标bid for(投标)竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位;状态tend to 往往,通常会intend v. 打算,目的在于~ doing/to do sth.be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势,倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺,夺去…fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不= hardly generate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件,神话;荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的,想象的,虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的,进步的= civilcivilize v. 让…变得文明,使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…)troops n. 军队( = forces )contention over 竞争,争夺… (contend v. )contend v.主张;竞争,斗争(contention n. )give the go-ahead 允许,许可wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使 = even if although ( = though ) ad. 尽管,虽然destruction n. 毁灭,破坏the powerful 权贵,强势阶层the powerless 平民,群众far from 远非,根本不是,根本没有far beyond 远远超过,远非resolve v. 决心;解决(同问题、分歧连用)conflict n. 冲突,斗争,摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大,巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视,忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的,至关重要的vitality n. 生命力,活力concern v. 与…有关 n. 担忧,关切concerning prep.就…而言;与…有关concerned 相关的(后置修饰词)voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心,担心,重视strengthen v. 巩固,加强weaken v. 消弱,使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的 n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及,使普遍= popularizeno use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙(贬义)= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃,跳,飞跃Unit Seventale n. 故事,童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含,加入;合并revival n. 复兴,振兴,重生establish v. 建立,确立;公认,确定established adj. 确定的,既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的;多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新,变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持,负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的,官方的~ status 官方地位statistics n. 统计数字,统计学mildly adv. (mild adj. )轻微的,适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均(只用于数字或人的资质)previous adj. 以前的,过去的acceleration n. 加速,加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环,周期 business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用,循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的,充分的~ evidenceinconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据(不可数名词)treasury secretary n. 财政大臣,财政部长disjunction n. 分离,不吻合,出入anecdote n. 趣闻,轶事downsize v. 裁减,精简overall adj. 整体,全部的,总的factor n. 因素,要素joint adj. 共同的,联合的join v. 连接,结合equipment n. 装备,设备,装置machinery n. (总称)机器,机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大,很有关系speculate (on) v. (对…进行)预测,推测speculative adj. 预测的,猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地,不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布,均衡分布的suppose v. 假设,猜想,想象academic v. 学者,大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的;粗糙的,粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况;;案例,例子;(法律)案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入,财政收入colleague n. 同事,伙伴 = company mechanistic adj.机械的 mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的,机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式,方法(= in a…manner)version 版本;说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的sufficiency n.long-term adj. 长期的 ~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率,直言不讳的dismiss… as…认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问 ( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏;复原,恢复exclude v. 排除,除去…之外include v. 包含,包括fall short of 落后于,达不到(目标),不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测,预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题 / 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑,质疑 = suspect questionnaire n. 问卷 reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出,造成)unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革(liberal reform 自由改革)essential(for/to)adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮,一捆,一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eightuneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. (问题等的)方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判;试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话,言语 harsh remarksmake a passing remark 短暂发言,说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙,分裂deepen v. 加深,深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者,评论家 criticizev. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的;批评的;至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金 v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地,显著地assemble v. 集合;组装find fault with 批评,挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家,思想家philosophy n. 哲学,人生准则,生活方式create v. 创造(creation n. 创造,创造物)creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化;物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象(phenomena 复数)contradict v. 与…矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照,对比(不同点)survey n./v. 调查;纵览,通盘考虑reveal v. 显示,显示出;揭示,揭露;泄露tag n. 标签 v. 贴标签(= label )label v./n. (贴)标签,标示epithet n.称号attach… to…将…联系在一起attach importance to…强调,重视…advocate v. 提倡,倡导 n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.)smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望,盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章,散文 article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的,必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to… v. 与…有关,相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱,先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗,枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果,逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的consequently adv. 因此= thus = thereforenote v. 注意到;写道 n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味,明显特征denote v. 指示,表示的是have… in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的,共同的annoy v. 惹恼,激怒,令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对,挑战confrontation n. 对抗,冲突,不和separation n. 分裂,分离separate adj. 独立的,各自的,分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱,赚得;博得,得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的,可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的;赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的,有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明,例证context n. 上下文,语境Unit Nineemerge v. 出现 = appear emergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数,人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与…竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性,竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位,是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了,充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升,增长(= rise)add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的,每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家)prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开,掉出,退出shift v. /n. 转换,变化,转移,转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化,重要变化wave n. 浪潮,潮流( = trend )one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色,作用 play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获,收割generation n. 一代(人)two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关,相关的 closely related tocareer-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子,实例rapid adj. 迅速的,飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的,巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏,破坏be composed of 由…组成的square n./a. 平方(的) ~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑;远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的 space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫,通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的,城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率;费率interest rates 利率 divorce rate 离婚率crime rate犯罪率 birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例 sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性;原因 v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的,非常(= vastly)perplex v. 困扰,迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证,目击 n. 目击者,证人undergo v. 经历了 = experience distinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力 v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调(= stress )continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的,不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述,精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的 delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事,忙于conservative a. 保守的 n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持 = stick to Unit 10scatter v. 遍布,散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离,隔绝isolated adj. 分离的,隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山 volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学 geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…(比例)(= account for)组成(be made up of…由…构成)弥补,化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s;volcanic ~smilestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着 markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨,横越 n. 跨距,跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示,提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒,使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作,移动(= mobility )mobile adj.(可)移动的,流动的mobility n.orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造,构造;构思,构想,想象in detail adv. 细节的,详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…,在…方面,与…有关= in terms of = regarding readily adv. 轻易地,容易地translate… into…将…解释为determine v. 确定,决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的,静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地,分别地anchor v. 固定在,停留 n 节目主持人layer n. 层,层次measuring instrument 测量工具,测量仪器measure n. 措施;衡量指标,测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于,局限于frame n. 框架,范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动,推进,加速broad adj. 宽阔的,巨大的,广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙,裂痕( = crack )entire adj. 完全的,整体的entirely adv. 完全地,彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始,引发take initiative 积极行动,采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形;易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的 ~ly adv. 一直inconsistency n. 不一致,变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型,圆屋顶be deducted from 由…推论出stable adj. 稳定 stability n. 稳定Unit 11rough adj. 粗糙的,粗略的;困难,复杂roughly adv. 大约,大致(后跟数字或数目)slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难 catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧,灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉 appeal v. (to,for)上诉,申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿,补偿compensation n. 赔偿,补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为,主张;保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任,对…应负责任be liable to 易…的,有…可能的liability n. 义务,法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n. 运气;财富;财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎;警告precaution n. 预防,防范,警惕appropriate adj. 正确,适当的= properinappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏,药物交互作用interact with 互动,相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定,规则regulate v.规范,管理regular adj. 规则的,标准的;定期的regularity n. 规律性,规则性customer n. 顾客,消费者client n.顾客,客户potential customer 潜在顾客,可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制,定做,用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转,逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔;主张;宣称,声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称(= claim)side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹,瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法 a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的= unmatchedunsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的,空前的precede v. 先于,在…之前(发生)proceed to 着手做,进入(下一个议程或项目)athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院,机构judge n. 法官 v. 判断 judgement n.判断justice n. 司法;正义;法官recommendation n.建议;推荐recommend v. 建议;推荐 counsel v. 建议carry v. 有,蕴含着,承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的;相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量,重量issue v. 发布,出台 n. 问题,争端,事务guideline n. 指导,方针,大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明,陈述,规定 statement nbombard sb. with… v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.(演说、文章等)冗长的 = tediouslengthen v. 延长 shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋,被忽略 = be buriedtriviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草 n. 草案,草稿moderate adj. 适度,中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事,顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬,挑错promise v. 承诺 n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足,不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustratediscard v. 抛弃discard… in words 口头,表面上抛弃Unit 12web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务,互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义,抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚v.制定,开发,研发(=develop)attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的,过时的fashionable a. 时髦的,流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发 ~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理,行得通;有意义nonetheless adv. 然而,但是(= nevertheless )hesitate v. 犹豫,犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑 self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者 dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的 fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任 n. 托拉斯,大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任,怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径 path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险,冒…的风险= threatenrisk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to 允许出入,允许接触access n. 接近,利用(网络)accessible adj. 可获得的,可利用的intranet n. (单位内部)局域网model n./v. 模式,方式,模仿,建模focus on 集中于;全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的,可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址,场所;网址=website direct a. 直接的,径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播,传染 transmission n.message n. 信息,消息send out messagesscreen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送,送货上门;发言,发表演说updated adj. 最新的,更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的,一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. (to)同意,赞同monitor n. 监视器,显示器as yet (到目前为止)尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售,特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动,促进;促销;提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出 n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供;出价,报价provide v. 提供 = offerprovided conj. 如果(= if)think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念,概念,想法,意见connotation n. 内涵,含义,意义event n. 活动,事件,事情eventually adv. 最终,最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前,曾经(= used to);一旦,如果univited a. 不请自来的,未经请求的distinction n. 区别;显赫身份,声望distinct a. 截然不同的,明显独特的draw v. 做比较,进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较(相同点或不同点)prospect n. 前景raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬,恐吓,令人害怕,使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助,采取,求助于the best resort 最好的办法,最好的手段the last resort最后的手段;终审法庭,最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合cost n.支出,成本;代价at all ~s 不惜一切代价地cost and benefit 利弊costly adj. 昂贵的 = expensive free fall 自由落体,自由降落enterprise n. 企业silicon n. 硅,电脑业in silicon在互联网上silicon chips 硅片,芯片,集成电路板set up 设立,创立take the online plunge投身于互联网,置身于网络expand v. 扩大expansion n. 扩展fanciful adj. 新奇的in vain 徒劳,白费,没有用处boom v.繁荣,迅猛发展baby boom生育高峰enjoy the widest popularity 得到流行,受到欢迎popular adj. 受欢迎的;大众的popular culture 大众文化populist n. 大众主义者,平民主义者adj. 大众主义者的,大众的faith n. 忠诚,信任give priority to 重视,认为…优先function v.起作用,运行,行使职责n.功能,职责functional adj. 功能性的leading adj. 主要的,重要的;领先的Unit 13invisible adj. 看不见的,无形的visible adj. 看得见的border n. 边界,界限frontier n. 边境,前方divide v. 分开,划分开 n. 差距,鸿沟digital divide数字化鸿沟division n. 分歧,分隔,分离argue for赞成,支持,同意= subscribe =favorargue v.坚决主张,认为=claim=hold=contendargument n. 论点,观点;论据on behalf of 代表…,为了…= on one’s behalfexplore v. 探索,探讨,探究,研究exploration n. 探究,研究subject n.题目,主题;学科adj.遭受…的,容易受到…(影响)的be subject to (n.) 受限制,属于subject matter 主题,主旨go to 是…go to the heart of 是…的核心或关键indeed adv. (加强语气)确实,事实上campaign n. 运动,活动v. 发起运动,活动aim at 目的在于 = aim towards aimlessness n. 毫无目的,毫无目标require v. 要求concept n. 概念;观念,想法conception n. 概念assess v. 评价,评估possess v. 拥有,占有 = own possession n. 拥有;财产。
历年考研真题3147词汇

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商志主讲:考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲第一个月讲义全集 (应试宝直播版)

课程名称 考研英语词汇逐词精讲 3147词汇 每晚22 20直播 主讲名师 商志配套资料 考研大趋势 系列丛书之一 红皮 的两本书考研英语词典考研英语传奇背词班讲义 2016版热烈 商 老师讲 的 考研英语词汇逐词精讲 课程直播满左口 进古口 古巧日----古古 古工日远!直播继续中…………………1. 更多资料和方法,请登录并细读 商志老师新浪微博 商志考研英语 商志老师编写的全部资料和图书 含大学英语四六级 考研英语传奇高分系列图书 ,请点击/category-521577225.htm?spm=a1z 10.1.w4010-7968507246.9.4fz9FO&search=y&catName=%D3%A2% D3%EF#bd3. 商志老师讲授的传奇高分系列课程,含 传奇背词班 阅读基础班 阅读强化班 写作强化班 翻译强化班 完型填空强化班 新题型强化班 冲刺班 模考点题班 传奇作文面授班 ,请在全国各地启航各分校或教学点 燕园各分校及教学点 高联各分校及教学点听课4 商志老师做客中国教育在线 启航龙腾网校 腾讯 网易等各大门户为大家指导四六级 考研英语复习的课程,会通过商志老师的新浪微博 商志考研英语 发布链接,请每天访问该微博,以免错过重要直播前言1.考研英语考试大 对词汇的要求最 考研英语考试大 指 考生应能掌握5 500 的词汇第一,考研英语考试大 词汇表 续 2015 2014 2013 未 来大 词汇表完全一 ,既没 增 任何一个单词, 没 删 任何一个单词考研英语 ,2013 考试大 2012 考试大 增 了60个单词 增的60个单词 原来的单词一 是5500个第 ,考研英语考试大 规定,阅读 解中 到3%的超 词 要求考生学 据 文 测生词的第 ,考研英语考试大 对英语一和英语 的单词 的要求是完全一 的 就是 ,本单词课程既是对英语一的要求, 是对英语 的要求第四,教育部考研英语考试大 只是列 了5500个 的单词,可是 个单词并没 给 中文意思要掌握 考研英语词汇的考 和知识 ,绝 能靠背那 意思很多很全的厚厚的词汇书,那 背单词毫无针对性,属于粗放型的英语复 模式 在 种单词书 或者 ,一个单词 数个意思,可考研 就 门考 中的某一 个意思, 他意思从来 考要掌握 个词在考研英语 一特定语境中要考的意思, 个单词要考的考 和知识 ,只 个 法 一是在做考研英语题的过程中去发 去记 个单词要考的那个意思 那个搭配 是通过认 据考研英语35 题整 来的 个单词的考 知识 个课程,或者认 看 据考研英语35 题整 来的 个单词的考 知识 编写 来的 3147 词汇 和 考研英语词 书2.背单词的目的是什 ?对考研的 学们来 ,做题猛才是 的猛,做题猛才能考 高 ,考入梦想的好学校读研, ,背单词的目的显然就是 了做题可是 们明显发 大学 来 们 背的单词 但背了 了背,而 使 单词 过 断 力, 于感觉背过了,可等到做题的时候就 好使了 写 文时,能用 的单词都是中学时学过的单词,大学 学过的单词 本想 到要用! 做阅读时,大学 学过的单词明显感觉 过, 朦胧晕眩似 非 ! 做完形时,明明感觉四个选项都认识, 对 节无法 析, 是做 对题!大学 来背单词和做题 脱节了!胜于 ,大学 用过的方法背单词,效果 在 差 要再用 方法 那应该怎 背单词才能达到做题猛的目的呢?3. 了做题猛,背单词唯一 确的方法直接背 据历 题 来的 个单词考试要考的考 知识 !本课程 本人 讲全部课程,都是完全按照应试教学法 大家 考什 就学什 , 大家少背了东西, 多考 ,是之 针对性极 的应试教学法们一起 用 奇的应试教学法高 考研, 人生中一 人生的 煌!考研路 ,商 商 的课 商 的书, 一 都和你在一起!4.示范suspend [sə'spend] v. 停例1 The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.例2 In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.address [ə'dres] v./n. 讲话v.解 问题例1 If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.例2 Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.第2---6讲1.import v./n. 要意例1 The full import may take a while to sink in.例2 On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.2.no longer = not any longer = no more = not any more 再…3.not…just yet 尚未, 没mand v./n. 命 掌握, 用例1 command the English language with skill and gift.例2 have a good command over computer5.gift n. 赋例1 literary gift piano gift例2 It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.6.aspire to (do) sth. [ə'spaɪə(r)] 接 词 定式表示追求的目标渴望做例1 They don’t aspire to command the English language well.例2 As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. 心勃勃的例3 It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. 抱负 热望 向 渴望7.degrade v. 退化degradation n. 退化,档 降upgrade v. 升 grade n. 别8.linguist n. 语言学家linguistic a. 语言的linguistics n. 语言学language n. 语言9.controversy n. 公开 论 争议controversial a. 争议的,引起争议的contrary a. 相 的on the ~ 恰恰相10.mixed a. 混 的mix11.counter-culture 统文化12.permit n. 许可证,执照v. 允许,许可= licence driving ~ 驾照medical ~permissive a. 容 宽容的 许可的,放纵的permissible a. 许可的, 禁 的not forbidden 禁13.gradual a. 逐渐的grade n. ,等14.cult n. 狂热地崇 ,迷信 邪教cult practitioner 邪教 者,邪教人员15.authentic a. 的, 的 可信的true genuine 的16.performative a. 表演性 的perform v. 表演 操 ,执行~ a task 执行一项任performance n. 表演 表 We are amazed at Liu Qian’s ~outstanding ~ excellent ~ 异的表 ,卓 的 就17.genre n. 文学 艺术的 类型,体裁,流派,种类,型式,风格18.spontaneity n. 自发性,自spontaneous a. 自发的,自然的注 sponsor speaksimultaneously ad. 时= meanwhile19.artistic a. 艺术性的20.craft n. 技艺, 意的行aircraft n. 航空handicraft n. 手 艺品craftsman n. 艺人craftsmanship n. 手艺21.entertaining a. 人赏心悦目的, 快的= interestingentertainerentertain22.an array of 大 ,许多= arrays ofchunks of = lots ofa host ofa variety of23.document v. 记录n. 文 ,文档filedoctor24.expressive a. 表 力的talkative a. 健谈的imaginative a. 富 想象力的creative a. 创造力的25.dialect n. 方言standard language26.convey v. 用 画 文 等 达,表达27.temporary ['tempəreri] a. 临时的例1 ~ residence permit 暂 证例2 …market prices largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. 场 格很大程度 了 场暂时的非流 性,而 是坏 的可能程度例3 temporary delight28.permanent ['pɜːrmənənt] a. 长期,永久的perpetual [pər'petʃuəl]persistent [pər'sɪstənt]consistent [kən'sɪstənt] consistently例1 celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip. 明 妈妈永 都是闲聊时的谈资例2 perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents例3 persistent nightmares persistent innovation例4 consistent policy29.component [kəm'poʊnənt] n. ,ingredient [ɪn'ɡriːdiənt]element ['elɪmənt]例1 Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.例2 creativity and practical knowledge are components critical to problem solving and life success.例3 Investors now view stock-market swings as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. 0例4 Ready access is a key element of scientific endeavor.30.the least… the most…31.formulate ['fɔːrmjuleɪt] v. 明确地阐述,阐明,规划例1 A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that……例2 For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”32.on line 在线online journal online spyingconduct online transactionsoff line 在线,断线Dreams regulate moods while the brain is “off-line.”33.harness ['hɑːrnɪs] v. 制… 产生 力,对… 利用,利用例1 harness solar energy to heat homes. 利用 能 宅供暖harness water to generate electricity 利用水来发电例2 Dreams can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control.人们 仅能 制梦,而 能对梦 行 目的 意识的 制34.conscious ['kɑːnʃəs] a. 意识的 知觉的unconscious a. 潜意识的 失去知觉的例1 state of consciousnessOne can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams例2 our unconscious desires and fearsThis is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.35.depressed [dɪ'prest] a. 抑的,精 沮丧的delight [dɪ'laɪt] n./v. 高 ,快乐第7 8讲36.generate ['dʒenəreɪt] v. 产生,生 引起,例1 The Aswan Dam is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.阿 旺大坝 在充满了如 多的淤泥 于几乎发 了电例2 Negative feelings are frequently generated during the day.在 ,人们常常产生负面情绪例3 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession----with the possible exception of journalism.在全世界,律师 任何 他职业的人们产生更多的敌意----- 闻业可能是个例外例4 generate income 产生收入37.be occupied with 被…占据occupy ['ɑːkjupaɪ]v. 占领occupation n. 占领例1 Our conscious mind is occupied with daily life and we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events.们的大脑由日常生活占据着, 们 总是思考 发生的 情对情感的影响例2 Liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”战 由美 占领 局引 的自由化改革消弱了日本人对尊敬父母的道德 念38.occur [ə'kɜːr] v. 发生 想起recur [rɪ'kɜːr] v. 复 ,再 ,再发生例1 Part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle.最 的 济增长部 地是由于发生在一个 济周期 的 一个时间 的常规的 例2 When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.定辞去 的全职 时, 从未想到过 一个 的 潮流的一员39.vision['vɪʒn]n. 视力 视觉 眼 洞察力 想象力envision [ɪn'vɪʒn] V. 想 ,设想visual ['vɪʒuəl] a. 视觉的visualize ['vɪʒuəlaɪz] v. 设想,想象,使…视觉化例1 General Motors seems to have problems with its business vision rather than managerial practices.例2 the capacity to visualize objects40.uncertain [ʌn'sɜːrtn] n. 确定的uncertainty [ʌn'sɜːrtnti] n. 确定 因素例1 The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.例2 Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.41.secure [sɪ'kjʊə(r)] a. 安全的v. 保 ,使安全security n. 安全 保证 证券 债券insecurity n. 安全 感例1 financially secure例2 A desire to secure a better life for all prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme.例3 data insecurity例4 Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.例5 A Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.例6 For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model.第9 10讲42.nightmare ['naɪtˌmeə]n. 梦bad dreams例1 But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.可是,大多数法学 业 业生都没得到大公司的职 他们中很多只是沦 了 人 的诉讼案的文 整 员, 就使得侵 制度 了昂贵的 梦例2 Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.持久 到 梦困扰的人应 求 生的43. therapy ['θerəpi] n. 疗法,治疗therapist n. 师,治疗师remedy ['remədi]cure [kjʊr]treat例1 aggressive pain management therapies 大胆的疼痛处置 法例2 As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.一个民 , 们可能在 求 可能奏效的治疗方法 花钱 多,而在研究能提高人们生活 的更 常的方法 花钱 少例3 Tighten the belt, the single remedy. 勒紧腰带,唯一的 法例4 Scientists should strive to develop new cures. 科学家应该 力研发 的疗法例5 Even a great health-care system cannot cure death 便 大的 疗卫生体系 治 了死亡例6 Physicians are often frustrated by their inability to cure certain diseases.生常常由于 能治 某 疾病而深感挫折例7 social cure 社 治疗例8 the treatment of diseases 疾病的治疗例9 Animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments andvaccines.研发 疗法 将来的更多 疗法和疫苗都需要 物研究43.modify ['mɑːdɪfaɪ] v. 修改,更改,改modification [ˌmɑːdɪfɪ'keɪʃn]n. 修改,更改例1 Dreams can be modified in their courses. 梦在 过程中可 改例2 genetic modification 遗 改 ,改 基因例3 Newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.版的学术 可信的发 似乎 要 人信服,可是都 可能 到未来的研究人员的 疑 驳斥或潜在的修44.susceptible [sə'septəbl] a. 易 …影响的(=vulnerable = subject)be susceptible to 容易 到… 的影响或破坏例1 Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.在面对 力时, 男性相 ,女性更可能患抑郁症和焦虑症例2 Behaviors are susceptible to emotional changes.行 容易 到情感 化的影响45. rid [rɪd] v. / n. 除,消灭,除例1 Waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.时醒来对于驱走 梦是必须的46.rob [rɑːb] v. 盗窃,偷窃robbery ['rɑːbəri] n. 盗窃,偷窃thief [θiːf] n. 小偷,贼theft thieverysteal [stiːl] v. 偷第11讲47.antismoking n. 对吸烟anti-graft n. 腐 anti-corruptioncounterbalance n. 用力,起抵制 用的力driving force = positive forces 的力 ,积极的力48.lobby n./v. 游 者例1 Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working.例2 Smokers assert that the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life.49.nonsense n. 无稽之谈50.grave n. 坟墓adj. 的, 峻的graveyard n. 坟场,墓地aggravate v. 恶化, , 剧例1 Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.例2 Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.例3 Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.例4 The guild-like ownership structure aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.51.outcome n. 果,结局=consequence例1 Global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth have roused widespread concern among ecologists.例2 Neurologists used to consider dreams as a random outcome of neural repairs.例3 Concentrating as much on technique as on outcome is of great importance.例4 As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.第12讲1.awake [ə'weɪk] a. 醒着的awaken [ə'weɪkən] v. 醒来 唤醒 使 们意识到wake up 唤醒in the wake of = after 在……之例1 The brain is as active during sleep as it is when fully awake.大脑在在 们睡 期间和完全醒着时是 等活跃的例2 Scientists try to awaken us to the growing threat of smog.科学家 力使 们意识到雾霾 来 大的威胁例3 As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.你一醒来,就弄清楚是什 使你的梦难例4 We wake up from dreams happy, depressed or panicked, and those feelings can stay with us all day.们从梦中醒来, 时感到高 , 时感到 抑或恐慌, 情绪 一整 都伴 着 们 例5 Advertising emerged in the wake of the opening and reform.广告紧 改革开放而例6 The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.联邦巡回法院的行 是在最高法院最 做 的一系列判 之 行的 最高法院最 的一系列判 缩小了对 利持 人的保 范围2.enlist [ɪn'lɪst] v. 募,例1 A panel of scientists from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, warns that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem islargely man-made.来自 家科学院 由 宫 的一个科学家小 提醒 们 地球 的大气确定在 暖,而 个问题 要是人 的3.atmosphere ['ætməsfɪr]n. 大气 氛围例1 These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.人大 地写 版,读者遍 旧大 , 英格 营造了一种求知氛围例2 The 19th-century department stores offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.19世纪的 商店在一种高 的氛围中提供了琳 满目的商品第13讲1.get moving to do sth. 积极行 起来去做某例 we should get moving to protect our planet.们应该积极行 起来保 们的地球2.judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n. 判断= judgement n.judge v. 判断n. 法例 At the same time, the American Law Institute —a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight— issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.时,美 法律学 --------一群建议极 的法 律师和大学老师------- 侵 法发 了 的指 原则, 一原则规定 公司 必就显而易 的危 提醒 客户注意, 必列 一份冗长的可能发生的危 来轰 客户3.quarter ['kwɔːrtər] n. 四 之一 一 钟 一季度 方向quarters ['kwɒtə(r)s] n. 处,营 (公司的)总部= headquarters4.fume [fjuːm]n. 烟雾= smog例 Regardless of the severity of the air conditions, many a factories keep pouring fumes into the air which greatly aggravates the already explosive situation.许多公司 顾空气状况的 性,一直在 空气中排放烟雾, 烟雾使早 峻的形势更 恶化第14讲1.insurance policy 保 单例1 unemployment insurance or disability insurance失业保 或伤残保例2 With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.着风 日益明显而 来 大,一个谨慎的民 应该拿 保 单来2.take…seriously 很 视…,认 的对待take…for granted 认 …. 应take it for grantedtake it easy 别着急,放轻松3.press n. 闻界 版社 刊 闻舆论v. ,按press for 催逼,敦促,迫 要求= urge例1 These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.人视 闻写 他们的 职,并 自 的 品 日都能 诸 端而感到自豪例2 Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research 他们 是指定行 方案,而是继续要求 行更多的研究4.classic ['klæsɪk] a. 的, 型的a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”classical music 音乐classical musicians 音乐家5.steward n. 管 员,乘 员,监 人例 To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate.地球的负责人的 人, 们必须 紧 行大气和海洋研究 但是仅 研究是 够的6.preserve [prɪ'zɜːrv] v. 保持n. 独占的范围, 属的领域例1 The novel’s hero avoids being civilized —— going to school and learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness.本小 的 人公避免了被教化-----去 学,学知识------因 他能保持他 生的善良例2 Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.的愤慨感似乎 仅仅是人类 特 的第15讲背单词绝It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove theauthors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.第16讲1.incentive [ɪn'sentɪv] n. 鼓励, 激 措施例 A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start.西 州的民 党参议员Robert Byrd提交的一份法案是一个 前途的开端 该法案将 私营企业提供 济奖励2. environmentally sound 境良好的ecologically sound 生态好的cognitively sound 认知好的recognize v. 认3. correlation [ˌkɔːrə'leɪʃn]n. 相互 联例 There was no conclusive evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.吸烟 死亡之间的相互 系没 充 证据4. insignificant [ˌɪnsɪɡ'nɪfɪkənt] a. 要, 显著的例1 The number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.在过去的几十 烟民过早死亡的人数 多例2 A significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.大 无家可 的人 的精 疾病5. investigation n. 调查例 The professors are cautious about intellectual investigation.教 们对知识研究感到好奇6. hinder v. 阻碍,妨碍例 Endless studies hinders progress.没完没了的研究 阻碍7. extensive a. 广泛的,大 的例1 extensive reading 泛读例2 These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.第17讲1.aid n./v. 援 ,辅offer aid 提供 receive aid 接2.power stations 发电站power plant(s) 发电厂例1 Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.许多人们看到 准备建设一 的发电厂来满足 们的能源需求例2 Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.建设大坝,水力发电 制洪水 灌溉都是可能的例3 The corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon, in late 2002.该公司在2002 晚 时候购买了 蒙特州唯一的 电站,那是一个在弗农的 在老化的 应堆例4 The vehicles are powered by solar energy.机 车是由 能提供 力的3.former a./n. 前者latter n./a. 者late a. 故的 到的ad 晚 时候latest a. 最 的,最 的lately ad. 最 = recently例1 The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony.英 人 德 人 荷 人 法 人都在英 的 块前殖民地 行了投资例2 Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.然, 在 相 ,人们对 标 的 趣似乎并没 弱例3 the latest revolution 最 的革命the latest development 最 态Ravitch’s latest book traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our society.拉维奇最 的一本书追溯了 们的社 读书无用论的 源例4 At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.处在 场争论 心的是格莱德.莱温 ,他56岁,在1992 他接替了 故的 蒂芬 罗4.pleasure ['pleʒər] n. 快乐= happiness / joy n. 快乐pleasant ['pleznt] n. 人 快的joyousmisery ['mɪzəri] n. 痛苦= sufferingmiserable ['mɪzrəbl] n. 痛苦的例1 Children make parents either happy or miserable.孩子使父母要 快乐 要 痛苦例2 You could argue that today’s art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen too much misery.你可能 认 ,艺术 得更 疑快乐是由于 今时 发生了 多痛苦第18讲1.reputation [ˌrepju'teɪʃn] n. 誉= fame例1 He has a reputation for slacking.例2 His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.例3 A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.荡的商业 境 使得高管们 得十 小心,谨 模棱 可的表态损坏自 的声誉例4 If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.如果 述情况发生,狂热的消 者 力 服 他人来抵制某 产品,从而危 目标企业的声誉例5 Ambition may be well regarded if it is rewarded with wealth, fame and power2.slack [slæk] v. 懒散,懈怠 济的 气,萧条例1 Conventional measures suggest that our economy has little productive slack.常规的指标显示 济没 生产力的 气例2 slack rivals 懒散的对手3.underlying [ˌʌndər'laɪɪŋ] a. 潜在的, 的 基础的,在 面的 基本的 词underlie的 在 词例1 underlying assumption 潜在的臆定/假设例2 underlying trend 潜在的 势4.grievance['ɡriːvəns]n. 难过,伤心= griefgrieve [ɡriːv]v. 感到难过,伤心grave [ɡreiv] n. 坟墓例1 sense of grievance例2 He is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.第19讲1.study ['stʌdi]n. / v. 研究inquiry =enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪrɪ] n. 研究,钻研 咨询,询问例1 Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.对大坝 制水的利弊 行科学 效的研究 于解 突例2 The word demographers refers to scientists engaged in the study of population.人 统计学家指 门从 人 研究的科学家例3 The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline.例4 scientific study = scientific enquiry = scientific inquiry例5 intellectual inquiry 知识探究,钻研知识Historical study 历 学研究2.suggest v. 表明,显示= reveal =indicate=show=demonstrate3.cute [kjuːt] a. 小 可爱的例1 The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.该 封面 ,一 美 人的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿, 并非本周 摊 唯一 的圣母 圣子的形象例2 They look cute They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily.4.behavior n. 行 , = conduct例1 This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.是 力的一种特别的表 , 们 无意识的模范 们 看到的行5.exchange v. / n. 交换,交流stock exchange 证券交易第20讲1.token ['toʊkən]n. 标 , 物,象 物例1 The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.例2 If one monkey received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.2.adjoining [ə'dʒɔɪnɪŋ] a. 毗邻的,隔壁的joint [dʒɔɪnt] a. 联 的, 接的, 的例1 Flames burned out two adjoining houses.例2 When two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its token, their behaviour became markedly different.3.luxury n. 奢侈(品),豪luxurious a. 奢侈的,豪 的例 In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).第21讲1.induce [ɪn'duːs] v. ,引起 引 ,例 induce resentment2.toss [tɔːs]v. 扔,投,抛例 The monkeys either tossed their own token at the researcher or out of the chamber3.cooperative a. 的, 的imaginative talkative creative instructive4.right n. 利 a. 确的 a./ n. 边 的righteous ['raɪtʃəs] a. 直的, 的, 道 的upright ['ʌpraɪt] a. 直立的例1 animal rights advocates例2 Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.例3: feelings of righteous indignation例4 Human height is conditioned by the upright posture. That is, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.5.indignation [ˌɪndɪɡ'neɪʃn]n. 愤,愤慨,气愤indignant [ɪn'dɪɡnənt] a. 气愤的,愤慨的,愤怒的例1 Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.例2 People are indignant by their shooting of innocent civilians.第22讲1.pedestrian [pə'destriən] n. 行人bipedal [ˌbaɪ'piːdl] a. 足的, 足 物的bipedal posture2.abound [ə'baʊnd] v. 大 在, 皆是,充足 盛产,多产abundant [ə'bʌndənt] a. 丰富的,大 的abundantly [ə'bʌndəntli] adv. 大 地,非常地例1 As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.例2 In the everyday practice of science, opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.例3 It is crucial to explore our planet’s abundant resources.例4 Refusing a lesser reward completely makes their dissatisfaction abundantly clear to other members of the group.3.ancestor ['ænsestər]n. 祖 ,前例1 distant ancestors例2 common ancestor例3 When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10 000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.4.be jealous of ['dʒeləs] 嫉妒envy ['envi] v. 羡慕 妒 n. 羡慕/妒 的对象例1 Monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.例2 Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.第23讲5.be inclined to 容易…,倾向于…inclination [ˌɪnklɪ'neɪʃn] n. 倾向,意愿例1 Females are more inclined to weigh the value of “goods and services” that they get than males.例2 Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.例3 Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.例4 the inclination to rely on others6.instruction [ɪn'strʌkʃn]n. 指示,指 教学 教 明instructive [ɪn'strʌktɪv] a. 教育意 的例 Those who are attentive to teachers’ instructions are inclined to be expert performers.7.temperament ['temprəmənt] n. 性情,气例 A girl with nice appearance and temperament are more likely to have a tragic or unfortunate end of life.8.generous ['dʒenərəs] a. 慷慨的,大度的例1 generous pensions例2 Australian’s Northern Territory is more generous than any other states.9.companion [kəm'pæniən] n. 伴, 伴,朋 ,伴侣company ['kʌmpəni] n. 伴,伴 公司accompany [ə'kʌmpəni] v. 伴 伴 … 时发生例1 He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investorsare waiting impatiently.例2 Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.第24讲1.entertain [ˌentər'teɪn]v. 款待, 待entertaining [ˌentər'teɪnɪŋ] a. 趣的entertainer [ˌentər'teɪnər] n. 娱乐界人士例1 Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers to add some flavor to their own daily life.例2 The trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture.例3 News about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.2.entrepreneur [ˌɑːntrəprə'nɜːr] n. 企业家enterprise ['entərpraɪz] n. 企业例1 Athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs fill the screen.例2 The American semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises.例3 That the cost of computing power continues to free fall is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon.3.scholar ['skɑːlər] n. 学者scholarship ['skɑːlərʃɪp] n. 奖学金例1 scholarly journals例2 Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so.例3 Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect.4.practical education 用型教育, 践教育例 Practical education intends students practical abilities for future career.第25讲1.for the sake of… 了…而on the behalf of… 了 表例1 pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge例2 An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.例3 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—health, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.例4 The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.2.counterbalance [ˌkaʊntər'bæləns] n. 对…起 衡 用,抵消(的力 ) driving force 的力例1 American schools are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.例2 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.例3 The greater customer demand is one of the driving forces behind globalization.3.anything but 一 …, 本 …第26讲1. reject ['riːdʒekt]v. 拒绝接 ,抵制= resist = resent = repel例1 Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.例2 Devoted concert-goers ignore the expenses of live performances and reject most kinds of recorded performances.2. vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl] a. (be ~ to) 容易 到… (负面)影响,易 …攻vulnerability [ˌvʌlnərə'bɪləti] n. 漏洞,弱 易 攻例1 Large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.例2 Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.例3 Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress than men.例4 potential vulnerabilities3. exploit [ɪk'splɔɪt] v. 开发,开采 利用 剥削exploitation [ˌeksplɔɪ'teɪʃn] n. 开发,开采 利用 剥削例1: Over-exploitation in some old fisheries has aroused widespread concern.例2 While traditional “paid” media — such as television commercials and print advertisements — still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.4. rate [reɪt] n. 率 别。
2014年考研3147词汇_商志讲解

Unit One vote v. /n. 投票 debate v. /n. 辩论,争论authority n. 政府;权威专家,权威(人士) occupation authorities 占领当局 be authorized to do 得到授权be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利,有做…的权利 incurably ill patients晚期患者terminally ill 晚期的,终期的 convince v. 坚信,相信;令人信服word n. 消息flash v./n. 闪现,,闪动,出现 executive a.执行的 n.执行官 chief executive 首席执行官 the right to … (有)做…的权利 have rights doing sth. 有权做某事society n. 协会,社团academic ~ 学术社团 specific society 具体的、特定的社团 community n. …界, 团体;社会,社区 legal community 法律界 scientific community 科学界 religious community 宗教团体health research community 医疗研究团体 via prep. 经由,通过 post v. 张贴,发布;(在网上)发帖 bulletin n. 公告,报告import n. 重要性,重要意义;进口 implications n. 含义,意义;暗示,启示 imply v. 暗示,推论出;蕴含着… implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的explicit a. 表达明确地,明白的 sink in 被了解 alike adj. 类似的,同类的 deal with 安排,处理,思考breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气association n. 协会associate… with… 把…和…联系起来bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地,厉害地 bill n. 法案,法律;账单passage n. 通过;经过;道路,通道 tide n. 潮流,趋势likely adj/adv. 很有可能,可能的= possible be likely to 常常,很有可能 unlikely adj. 不可能 = impossible aging population 老龄化的人口 extend v. 延长,延伸,推广life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术 extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式 be extended indefinitely 无限期延长 get on with 继续做have something to do with … 与…有关 have much to do with 与…很有关系 observer n. 观察者,旁观者 observe v. 观察,注意;评论 observation 观察(报告),观察(结论);评论make observations 做评论domino (es ) 多米诺效应(~ effect ) request v. 请求,要求 deadly adj. 致命的 dreadful adj. 可怕的;极大的 inject v. 注射,注入 pill n. 药丸suffering n. 痛苦,受罪 suffer v. 遭受 diagnose v. 诊断 cool off 平静下来,变凉 certificate n. 证明(书、证等)haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的,不易忘怀的 terrifying a. 可怕的,令人害怕的 spiritual a. 精神上的fight for 努力…,为…而努力claw v. 抓(scratch)mask n. 面具object to 反对objection toobjectionable 引起反对的,讨厌的objective adj. 客观的objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正,客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点be responsible for 对…负责(表示原因)significance n. 重要性,意义calm a . 平静的,镇静的intense a.强烈的,剧烈的(~ fear 非常担心)characteristic n.(~s)特点,特色a. 特有的be characteristic of 特点是= be typical ofbe characterized by 特点是,以…为特点experience v./n.经历(= undergo=go through)shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡,变腐败in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同(approval)disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的(indifference)carefree adj. 不关心的,冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑,不信suspicion n. 怀疑,猜疑,不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的(= prejudiced)prejudice n./v. (持有)偏见= bias puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusion confused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然,困惑;混淆confusion n. 困惑,混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观(精神)pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观(精神)reserve v. 预留,保留;储备(金)reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置,空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者,狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗;暗淡doom n. 末日,宿命gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Twoconsistent a. 一直的,一贯的,始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭,法院,足球场frequently adv. 经常,频繁地(反义词rarely)small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的,粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有,应该受到;值得comment on (做)评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本,本来dull a. 无趣的,无聊的(dullness)existence n. 存在;生存状态, 生活(life)typically ad. 通常,一般地(= generally)distant a. 远的,距离远的source n. 来源,本源;根源,原因=origin diversion n. 娱乐;转移diverse adj. 不同的,多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目;程序= projectharsh a. 残酷的;严厉、苛刻的(harshness)harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境,前方shape v. 塑造,形成;外形,体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好,好客(~ to sb.)injure v. 伤害(injury)turn to 诉诸,求助于,寻求…的帮助= resort to lodge n. 乡间小屋,旅社v. 借宿,临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处,避难处v. 保护,庇护residence n. 住处,住宅;居住dwelling n. 住所,处所dwell v. 住,居住mere(ly)adj./adv. 仅仅,不过,只(= only)charitable a. 仁慈的,慈善的impulse n. 冲动;推动,动力on the part of…从…的角度(on my part在我看来)reflect v. 反映,表现(= mirror);反省,反思(~ on)reflection n. weary a.疲倦的,筋疲力尽的(=exhausted)tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地(~ soon非常一小会儿)pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的,完全彻底的(properly)casual a. 不经意的,偶然的,临时的casualness n. 随便,随意,非正式interpret v. 阐释,说明interpret as 理解为,解释为artificial a. 假的,人造的;矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑(群)complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象,征兆;符号assume v.(没有根据地)认为,假定;承担assumption n. 假设,假定,设想,认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了,构成了(…的基础);强调fail v. 失败fail to 不能,未能translate v. 转化;理解more than 不仅仅是,远远胜过brief a.短暂的,简短的in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要,简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇,遇到distinguish between 区分,区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现,显现(~ oneself)~ation manifesto n. 宣言,声明exclusive adj.独一的(exclusive use单独使用)equal v. 等于,相当于entertain v. 招待,款待(=treat);使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持,持续(传统,习惯等)keep up with 跟上,追上keep doing 一直,持续做某事Unit Threesubstance n. 物质other than 除了(…之外)rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上,学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语,专用名词v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…,指的是;谈到,提及chemical n. 化学药品,化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人v.(~ to)沉迷于addiction n. (to)上瘾,沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒,酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生,心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释,说明misuse v. 误用,用错;使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的(= widespread)aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静;平息下来sociable a. 社交的,增进友谊的nerve n. 神经;勇气,胆量apparent a. 显然的,明显的= obvious apparently adv. 显然,明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用,消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ on poison v 中毒,投毒(~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的,感觉的perception n. 知觉,感觉perceive v. 观察,感知distort v. 扭曲,歪曲(~ion)repeated use 反复使用,再三使用repeated adj. 再三的,反复的,重复性的lead to 导致,造成(= result in =cause)substance dependence 物质(药物)依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍,承受(tolerate v. )be tolerant of 容忍tolerate v. 忍受,容忍desire n./v.期望,希望~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现;外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销,撤退,收回(withdrawal n.)symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止,废止,放弃affect v. 影响effect n. 影响;效果mood n. 情绪,心情group v. 归类,分类= classifystimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质) depress v. 使压抑,使消沉,使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉(hallucination n.幻觉,幻想)hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初,起初(=originally);第一,首先(= primarily)speed up 加速(slow down 减速,放缓)activate v. 刺激,使活跃起来primary a.初步的,首要的;主要的,重要的primarily adv. 主要的(=predominantly)首先,第一(=firstly=initially)primacy n. 首要地位,优势= predominance variety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的,彻底的,激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的,有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱,更可取,更好preference n. 优先权,优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的~ policiesin that 之所以这样是因为(解释原因)fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的,无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的,深刻的,感人的pierce v. 刺穿,刺透,刺fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生,来源于;原因是…= arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于,归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe… to …原因在于,原因是= due to consumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.) production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的(= intention)quantitative a. 定量的,按一定数量的application (to)n. 应用,使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. (to)应用,适用于employ v. 使用;雇佣employer n. 用人单位;老板employment n. 使用;职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的(nagative a. 消极的)positive forces积极力量=driving forces推动力Unit Fourcontribute to 导致,促成;为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributing factors) decline n./v. 衰退,下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的a ~ industry fade v. 渐渐消失,衰弱,减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的,日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的,日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌,降低(fell,fallen)= drop rise v./n. 上升,增加(rose ,risen)on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现,完成,达到complete v. 完成,使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀,使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的,各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心(的),中心take over 接管,接班,接任late a. 已逝的,已故的alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v. 再设计,重新建造,结构重组flap n./v. 辩论,辩护debate n. 争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫,辩护defender n. 支持者,辩护人=supporter defendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理,为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护,理由是…release v. 发表,发行issue v.under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的,猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反,违背(规章等)= infringe violate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试,检验;试验democratic a. 民主的,大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执,争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的,使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协,让步(=retreat ;=back off)hard-line 强硬路线~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some level stockholder n. 股东,股票持有人cite v. 引用,引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v. 宣布= declarelaunch v. 发动,发起~ a drive to do sth. drive v. 驱动,推动driving force 推动力,驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下,暗处develop v. 制定,培养;发展;研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发,分配;发行,销售distribution n. 发行,销售;发放,分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会;委员会boss and board 管理层= the management licencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士,知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.(法律、合同等的)修改,修订unite v. 团结,联合为一Unit Fivemonetary a. 金融的,货币的steer v. 驾驶,驾驭land v. 着陆(take off 起飞,猛增)brake n./v. 闸;刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的,易变的effect(on …)n. 影响(= influence on )hence adv. 因此就出现了,因此就有了analogy n. 类比nanlogous adj. 相当于,类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为;行为(~ online transactions进行网上贸易)liken…to…v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂,破碎rear v. 后部的,后面的view n. 景色,风景;观点,看法faulty a 有缺点的,不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀,引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力(能力),最大承受量(容量)utilization n. 利用,使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循,按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的,可比作extremely a. 极端地,非常地last v. 持续(一段时间)amaze v. 令人吃惊,使吃惊amazing a.神奇的,奇异的Unit Sixit doesn’t help that 无法阻止,无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起;俘获,夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination)giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的= giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭… 摆布drought n. 干旱(flood n. 洪涝)ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的,迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated(with )对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten(to do)有…的危险,威胁(到)= risk threat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固,加强bid n. 出价,投标bid for(投标)竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位;状态tend to 往往,通常会intend v. 打算,目的在于~ doing/to do sth. be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势,倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺,夺去… fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不= hardlygenerate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件,神话;荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的,想象的,虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的,进步的= civilcivilize v. 让… 变得文明,使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…) troops n. 军队(= forces )contention over 竞争,争夺… (contend v. ) contend v.主张;竞争,斗争(contention n. )give the go-ahead 允许,许可wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使= even ifalthough ( = though ) ad. 尽管,虽然destruction n. 毁灭,破坏the powerful 权贵,强势阶层the powerless 平民,群众far from 远非,根本不是,根本没有far beyond 远远超过,远非resolve v. 决心;解决(同问题、分歧连用)conflict n. 冲突,斗争,摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大,巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视,忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的,至关重要的vitality n. 生命力,活力concern v. 与…有关n. 担忧,关切concerning prep.就…而言;与…有关concerned 相关的(后置修饰词)voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心,担心,重视strengthen v. 巩固,加强weaken v. 消弱,使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及,使普遍= popularize no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙(贬义)= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃,跳,飞跃Unit Seventale n. 故事,童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含,加入;合并revival n. 复兴,振兴,重生establish v. 建立,确立;公认,确定established adj. 确定的,既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的;多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新,变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持,负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的,官方的~ status官方地位statistics n. 统计数字,统计学mildly adv. (mild adj. )轻微的,适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均(只用于数字或人的资质)previous adj. 以前的,过去的acceleration n. 加速,加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环,周期business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用,循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的,充分的~ evidence inconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据(不可数名词)treasury secretary n. 财政大臣,财政部长disjunction n. 分离,不吻合,出入anecdote n. 趣闻,轶事downsize v. 裁减,精简overall adj. 整体,全部的,总的factor n. 因素,要素joint adj. 共同的,联合的join v. 连接,结合equipment n. 装备,设备,装置machinery n. (总称)机器,机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大,很有关系speculate (on) v. (对…进行)预测,推测speculative adj. 预测的,猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地,不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布,均衡分布的suppose v. 假设,猜想,想象academic v. 学者,大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的;粗糙的,粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况;;案例,例子;(法律)案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入,财政收入colleague n. 同事,伙伴= company mechanistic adj.机械的mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的,机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式,方法(= in a… manner) version 版本;说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的sufficiency n. long-term adj. 长期的~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率,直言不讳的dismiss… as… 认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏;复原,恢复exclude v. 排除,除去…之外include v. 包含,包括fall short of 落后于,达不到(目标),不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测,预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题/ 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑,质疑= suspect questionnaire n. 问卷reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出,造成) unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革(liberal reform 自由改革) essential(for/to)adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮,一捆,一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eightuneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. (问题等的)方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判;试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话,言语harsh remarks make a passing remark 短暂发言,说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙,分裂deepen v. 加深,深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者,评论家criticize v. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的;批评的;至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地,显著地assemble v. 集合;组装find fault with 批评,挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家,思想家philosophy n. 哲学,人生准则,生活方式create v. 创造(creation n. 创造,创造物)creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化;物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象(phenomena 复数)contradict v. 与… 矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照,对比(不同点)survey n./v. 调查;纵览,通盘考虑reveal v. 显示,显示出;揭示,揭露;泄露tag n. 标签v. 贴标签(= label )label v./n. (贴)标签,标示epithet n.称号attach… to… 将… 联系在一起attach importance to… 强调,重视…advocate v. 提倡,倡导n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.) smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望,盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章,散文article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的,必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to… v. 与… 有关,相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱,先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗,枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果,逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的consequently adv. 因此= thus = therefore note v. 注意到;写道n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味,明显特征denote v. 指示,表示的是have… in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的,共同的annoy v. 惹恼,激怒,令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对,挑战confrontation n. 对抗,冲突,不和separation n. 分裂,分离separate adj. 独立的,各自的,分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱,赚得;博得,得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的,可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的;赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的,有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明,例证context n. 上下文,语境Unit Nineemerge v. 出现= appearemergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数,人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与… 竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性,竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位,是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了,充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升,增长(= rise)add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的,每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家) prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开,掉出,退出shift v. /n. 转换,变化,转移,转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化,重要变化wave n. 浪潮,潮流(= trend )one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色,作用play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获,收割generation n. 一代(人)two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关,相关的closely related to career-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子,实例rapid adj. 迅速的,飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的,巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏,破坏be composed of 由… 组成的square n./a. 平方(的)~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑;远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫,通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的,城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率;费率interest rates 利率divorce rate离婚率crime rate犯罪率birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性;原因v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的,非常(= vastly)perplex v. 困扰,迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证,目击n. 目击者,证人undergo v. 经历了= experience distinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调(= stress )continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的,不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述,精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事,忙于conservative a. 保守的n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持= stick toUnit 10scatter v. 遍布,散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离,隔绝isolated adj. 分离的,隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…(比例)(= account for)组成(be made up of…由…构成)弥补,化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s;volcanic ~s milestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨,横越n. 跨距,跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示,提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒,使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作,移动(= mobility )mobile adj.(可)移动的,流动的mobility n. orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造,构造;构思,构想,想象in detail adv. 细节的,详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…,在…方面,与…有关= in terms of = regardingreadily adv. 轻易地,容易地translate… into… 将… 解释为determine v. 确定,决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的,静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地,分别地anchor v. 固定在,停留n 节目主持人layer n. 层,层次measuring instrument 测量工具,测量仪器measure n. 措施;衡量指标,测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于,局限于frame n. 框架,范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动,推进,加速broad adj. 宽阔的,巨大的,广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙,裂痕(= crack )entire adj. 完全的,整体的entirely adv. 完全地,彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始,引发take initiative 积极行动,采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形;易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的~ly adv. 一直inconsistency n. 不一致,变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型,圆屋顶be deducted from 由… 推论出stable adj. 稳定stability n. 稳定Unit 11rough adj. 粗糙的,粗略的;困难,复杂roughly adv. 大约,大致(后跟数字或数目)slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧,灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉appeal v. (to,for)上诉,申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿,补偿compensation n. 赔偿,补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为,主张;保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任,对…应负责任be liable to 易…的,有…可能的liability n. 义务,法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n. 运气;财富;财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎;警告precaution n. 预防,防范,警惕appropriate adj. 正确,适当的= proper inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏,药物交互作用interact with 互动,相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定,规则regulate v.规范,管理regular adj. 规则的,标准的;定期的regularity n. 规律性,规则性customer n. 顾客,消费者client n.顾客,客户potential customer 潜在顾客,可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制,定做,用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转,逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔;主张;宣称,声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称(= claim)side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹,瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的= unmatched unsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的,空前的precede v. 先于,在… 之前(发生)proceed to 着手做,进入(下一个议程或项目)athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院,机构judge n. 法官v. 判断judgement n.判断justice n. 司法;正义;法官recommendation n.建议;推荐recommend v. 建议;推荐counsel v. 建议carry v. 有,蕴含着,承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的;相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量,重量issue v. 发布,出台n. 问题,争端,事务guideline n. 指导,方针,大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明,陈述,规定statement n bombard sb. with… v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.(演说、文章等)冗长的= tedious lengthen v. 延长shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋,被忽略= be buried triviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草n. 草案,草稿moderate adj. 适度,中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事,顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬,挑错promise v. 承诺n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足,不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustrate discard v. 抛弃discard… in words 口头,表面上抛弃Unit 12web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务,互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义,抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚v.制定,开发,研发(=develop) attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的,过时的fashionable a. 时髦的,流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理,行得通;有意义nonetheless adv. 然而,但是(= nevertheless ) hesitate v. 犹豫,犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任n. 托拉斯,大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任,怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险,冒…的风险= threatenrisk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to 允许出入,允许接触access n. 接近,利用(网络)accessible adj. 可获得的,可利用的intranet n. (单位内部)局域网model n./v. 模式,方式,模仿,建模focus on 集中于;全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的,可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址,场所;网址=websitedirect a. 直接的,径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播,传染transmission n. message n. 信息,消息send out messages screen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送,送货上门;发言,发表演说updated adj. 最新的,更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的,一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. (to)同意,赞同monitor n. 监视器,显示器as yet (到目前为止)尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售,特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动,促进;促销;提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供;出价,报价provide v. 提供= offerprovided conj. 如果(= if)think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念,概念,想法,意见connotation n. 内涵,含义,意义event n. 活动,事件,事情eventually adv. 最终,最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前,曾经(= used to);一旦,如果univited a. 不请自来的,未经请求的distinction n. 区别;显赫身份,声望distinct a. 截然不同的,明显独特的draw v. 做比较,进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较(相同点或不同点)prospect n. 前景raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬,恐吓,令人害怕,使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助,采取,求助于the best resort 最好的办法,最好的手段the last resort最后的手段;终审法庭,最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合cost n.支出,成本;代价at all ~s 不惜一切代价地cost and benefit 利弊costly adj. 昂贵的= expensivefree fall 自由落体,自由降落enterprise n. 企业silicon n. 硅,电脑业in silicon在互联网上silicon chips 硅片,芯片,集成电路板set up 设立,创立take the online plunge投身于互联网,置身于网络expand v. 扩大expansion n. 扩展。
启航考研英语3147核心词汇

Unit Onevote v. /n. 投票debate v. /n. 辩论,争论authority n. 政府;权威专家,权威(人士)occupation authorities 占领当局be authorized to do 得到授权be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利,有做…的权利incurably ill patients 晚期患者terminally ill 晚期的,终期的convince v. 坚信,相信;令人信服word n. 消息flash v./n. 闪现,,闪动,出现executive a.执行的 n.执行官chief executive 首席执行官the right to…(有)做…的权利have rights doing sth. 有权做某事society n. 协会,社团academic ~ 学术社团specific society 具体的、特定的社团community n. …界, 团体;社会,社区legal community 法律界scientific community 科学界religious community 宗教团体health research community 医疗研究团体via prep. 经由,通过post v. 张贴,发布;(在网上)发帖bulletin n. 公告,报告import n. 重要性,重要意义;进口implications n. 含义,意义;暗示,启示imply v. 暗示,推论出;蕴含着…implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的explicit a. 表达明确地,明白的sink in 被了解 alike adj. 类似的,同类的deal with 安排,处理,思考breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气association n. 协会associate… with…把…和…联系起来bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地,厉害地bill n. 法案,法律;账单passage n. 通过;经过;道路,通道tide n. 潮流,趋势likely adj/adv. 很有可能,可能的= possible be likely to 常常,很有可能unlikely adj. 不可能 = impossible aging population 老龄化的人口extend v. 延长,延伸,推广life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式be extended indefinitely 无限期延长get on with 继续做have something to do with…与…有关have much to do with 与…很有关系observer n. 观察者,旁观者observe v. 观察,注意;评论observation观察(报告),观察(结论);评论make observations 做评论domino(es)多米诺效应(~ effect)request v. 请求,要求deadly adj. 致命的dreadful adj. 可怕的;极大的inject v. 注射,注入pill n. 药丸suffering n. 痛苦,受罪 suffer v. 遭受diagnose v. 诊断cool off 平静下来,变凉certificate n. 证明(书、证等)haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的,不易忘怀的terrifying a. 可怕的,令人害怕的spiritual a. 精神上的fight for 努力…,为…而努力claw v. 抓(scratch)mask n. 面具object to 反对 objection toobjectionable 引起反对的,讨厌的objective adj. 客观的objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正,客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点be responsible for 对…负责(表示原因)significance n. 重要性,意义calm a . 平静的,镇静的intense a.强烈的,剧烈的(~ fear 非常担心)characteristic n.(~s)特点,特色 a. 特有的be characteristic of 特点是 = be typical of be characterized by 特点是,以…为特点experience v./n.经历(= undergo=go through)shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡,变腐败 in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同(approval)disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的(indifference)carefree adj. 不关心的,冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑,不信suspicion n. 怀疑,猜疑,不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的(= prejudiced)prejudice n./v. (持有)偏见= biaspuzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑 word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusion confused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然,困惑;混淆confusion n. 困惑,混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观(精神)pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观(精神)reserve v. 预留,保留;储备(金)reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置,空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者,狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗;暗淡doom n. 末日,宿命 gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Twoconsistent a. 一直的,一贯的,始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭,法院,足球场frequently adv. 经常,频繁地(反义词rarely)small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的,粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有,应该受到;值得comment on (做)评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本,本来dull a. 无趣的,无聊的(dullness)existence n. 存在;生存状态, 生活(life)typically ad. 通常,一般地(= generally)distant a. 远的,距离远的source n. 来源,本源;根源,原因 =origin diversion n. 娱乐;转移diverse adj. 不同的,多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目;程序 = projectharsh a. 残酷的;严厉、苛刻的(harshness)harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境,前方shape v. 塑造,形成;外形,体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好,好客(~ to sb.)injure v. 伤害(injury)turn to 诉诸,求助于,寻求…的帮助= resort to lodge n. 乡间小屋,旅社 v. 借宿,临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处,避难处 v. 保护,庇护residence n. 住处,住宅;居住dwelling n. 住所,处所dwell v. 住,居住mere(ly)adj./adv. 仅仅,不过,只(= only)charitable a. 仁慈的,慈善的impulse n. 冲动;推动,动力on the part of…从…的角度(on my part在我看来)reflect v. 反映,表现(= mirror);反省,反思(~ on) reflection n.weary a.疲倦的,筋疲力尽的(=exhausted)tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地(~ soon非常一小会儿)pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的,完全彻底的(properly)casual a. 不经意的,偶然的,临时的casualness n. 随便,随意,非正式interpret v. 阐释,说明interpret as 理解为,解释为artificial a. 假的,人造的;矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑(群)complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象,征兆;符号assume v.(没有根据地)认为,假定;承担assumption n. 假设,假定,设想,认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了,构成了(…的基础);强调fail v. 失败 fail to 不能,未能translate v. 转化;理解more than 不仅仅是,远远胜过brief a.短暂的,简短的 in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要,简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇,遇到distinguish between 区分,区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现,显现(~ oneself) ~ation manifesto n. 宣言,声明exclusive adj.独一的(exclusive use单独使用)equal v. 等于,相当于entertain v. 招待,款待(=treat);使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持,持续(传统,习惯等)keep up with 跟上,追上keep doing 一直,持续做某事Unit Threesubstance n. 物质other than 除了(…之外)rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上,学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语,专用名词 v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…,指的是;谈到,提及chemical n. 化学药品,化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人 v.(~ to)沉迷于addiction n. (to)上瘾,沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒,酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生,心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释,说明misuse v. 误用,用错;使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的(= widespread)aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静;平息下来sociable a. 社交的,增进友谊的nerve n. 神经;勇气,胆量apparent a. 显然的,明显的 = obvious apparently adv. 显然,明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用,消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ on poison v 中毒,投毒 (~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的,感觉的perception n. 知觉,感觉perceive v. 观察,感知distort v. 扭曲,歪曲(~ion)repeated use 反复使用,再三使用repeated adj. 再三的,反复的,重复性的lead to 导致,造成(= result in =cause)substance dependence 物质(药物)依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍,承受( tolerate v. )be tolerant of 容忍 tolerate v. 忍受,容忍desire n./v.期望,希望 ~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现;外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销,撤退,收回(withdrawal n.)symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止,废止,放弃affect v. 影响 effect n. 影响;效果mood n. 情绪,心情group v. 归类,分类 = classifystimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质) depress v. 使压抑,使消沉,使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉(hallucination n.幻觉,幻想)hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初,起初(=originally);第一,首先(= primarily)speed up 加速(slow down 减速,放缓)activate v. 刺激,使活跃起来primary a.初步的,首要的;主要的,重要的primarily adv. 主要的(=predominantly)首先,第一(=firstly=initially)primacy n. 首要地位,优势 = predominancevariety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的,彻底的,激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的,有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱,更可取,更好preference n. 优先权,优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的 ~ policiesin that 之所以这样是因为(解释原因)fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的,无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的,深刻的,感人的pierce v. 刺穿,刺透,刺 fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生,来源于;原因是… = arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于,归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe… to …原因在于,原因是 = due toconsumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.)production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的(= intention)quantitative a. 定量的,按一定数量的application (to) n. 应用,使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. (to)应用,适用于employ v. 使用;雇佣employer n. 用人单位;老板employment n. 使用;职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的(nagative a. 消极的)positive forces积极力量=driving forces推动力Unit Fourcontribute to 导致,促成;为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributing factors) decline n./v. 衰退,下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的 a ~ industryfade v. 渐渐消失,衰弱,减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的,日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的,日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌,降低(fell,fallen)= drop rise v./n. 上升,增加(rose ,risen)on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现,完成,达到complete v. 完成,使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀,使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的,各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心(的),中心take over 接管,接班,接任late a. 已逝的,已故的 alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易 dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v. 再设计,重新建造,结构重组flap n./v. 辩论,辩护 debate n. 争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达 ~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫,辩护defender n. 支持者,辩护人 =supporterdefendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理,为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护,理由是…release v. 发表,发行 issue v.under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的,猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反,违背(规章等)= infringeviolate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试,检验;试验democratic a. 民主的,大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执,争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的,使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协,让步(=retreat ;=back off)hard-line 强硬路线 ~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some levelstockholder n. 股东,股票持有人cite v. 引用,引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v.宣布 = declarelaunch v. 发动,发起 ~ a drive to do sth.drive v. 驱动,推动driving force 推动力,驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下,暗处develop v. 制定,培养;发展;研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发,分配;发行,销售distribution n. 发行,销售;发放,分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会;委员会boss and board 管理层 = the managementlicencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的 oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士,知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.(法律、合同等的)修改,修订unite v. 团结,联合为一Unit Fivemonetary a. 金融的,货币的steer v. 驾驶,驾驭land v. 着陆(take off 起飞,猛增)brake n./v. 闸;刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的,易变的effect(on …)n. 影响(= influence on )hence adv. 因此就出现了,因此就有了analogy n. 类比anlogous adj. 相当于,类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为;行为(~ online transactions进行网上贸易)liken…to… v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂,破碎rear v. 后部的,后面的view n. 景色,风景;观点,看法faulty a 有缺点的,不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀,引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力(能力),最大承受量(容量)utilization n. 利用,使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循,按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的,可比作extremely a. 极端地,非常地last v. 持续(一段时间)amaze v. 令人吃惊,使吃惊amazing a.神奇的,奇异的Unit Sixit doesn’t help that 无法阻止,无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起;俘获,夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination)giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的 = giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭…摆布drought n. 干旱(flood n. 洪涝)ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的,迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated(with )对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten(to do)有…的危险,威胁(到)= riskthreat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固,加强bid n. 出价,投标bid for(投标)竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位;状态tend to 往往,通常会intend v. 打算,目的在于~ doing/to do sth.be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势,倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺,夺去…fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不 = hardlygenerate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件,神话;荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的,想象的,虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的,进步的= civil civilize v. 让…变得文明,使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…) troops n. 军队( = forces )contention over 竞争,争夺… (contend v. ) contend v.主张;竞争,斗争(contention n. )give the go-ahead 允许,许可wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使 = even ifalthough ( = though ) ad. 尽管,虽然destruction n. 毁灭,破坏the powerful 权贵,强势阶层the powerless 平民,群众far from 远非,根本不是,根本没有far beyond 远远超过,远非resolve v. 决心;解决(同问题、分歧连用)conflict n. 冲突,斗争,摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大,巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视,忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的,至关重要的vitality n. 生命力,活力concern v. 与…有关 n. 担忧,关切concerning prep.就…而言;与…有关concerned 相关的(后置修饰词)voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心,担心,重视strengthen v. 巩固,加强weaken v. 消弱,使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的 n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及,使普遍 = popularize no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙(贬义)= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃,跳,飞跃Unit Seventale n. 故事,童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含,加入;合并revival n. 复兴,振兴,重生establish v. 建立,确立;公认,确定established adj. 确定的,既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的;多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新,变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持,负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的,官方的~ status官方地位statistics n. 统计数字,统计学mildly adv. (mild adj. )轻微的,适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造 ~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均(只用于数字或人的资质)previous adj. 以前的,过去的acceleration n. 加速,加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环,周期 business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用,循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的,充分的~ evidence inconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据(不可数名词)treasury secretary n. 财政大臣,财政部长disjunction n. 分离,不吻合,出入anecdote n. 趣闻,轶事downsize v. 裁减,精简overall adj. 整体,全部的,总的factor n. 因素,要素joint adj. 共同的,联合的join v. 连接,结合equipment n. 装备,设备,装置machinery n. (总称)机器,机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大,很有关系speculate (on) v. (对…进行)预测,推测speculative adj. 预测的,猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地,不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布,均衡分布的suppose v. 假设,猜想,想象academic v. 学者,大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的;粗糙的,粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况;;案例,例子;(法律)案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入,财政收入colleague n. 同事,伙伴 = company mechanistic adj.机械的 mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的,机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式,方法(= in a… manner) version 版本;说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的 sufficiency n. long-term adj. 长期的 ~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率,直言不讳的dismiss… as…认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问 ( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏;复原,恢复exclude v. 排除,除去…之外include v. 包含,包括fall short of 落后于,达不到(目标),不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测,预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题 / 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑,质疑 = suspectquestionnaire n. 问卷 reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出,造成) unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革 (liberal reform 自由改革) essential(for/to)adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮,一捆,一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eightuneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. (问题等的)方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判;试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话,言语 harsh remarksmake a passing remark 短暂发言,说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙,分裂deepen v. 加深,深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者,评论家 criticize v. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的;批评的;至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金 v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地,显著地assemble v. 集合;组装find fault with 批评,挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家,思想家philosophy n. 哲学,人生准则,生活方式create v. 创造(creation n. 创造,创造物)creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化;物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象(phenomena 复数)contradict v. 与…矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照,对比(不同点)survey n./v. 调查;纵览,通盘考虑reveal v. 显示,显示出;揭示,揭露;泄露tag n. 标签 v. 贴标签(= label )label v./n. (贴)标签,标示epithet n.称号attach… to…将…联系在一起attach importance to…强调,重视…advocate v. 提倡,倡导 n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.) smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望,盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章,散文 article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的,必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to… v. 与…有关,相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱,先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗,枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果,逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的consequently adv. 因此 = thus = thereforenote v. 注意到;写道 n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味,明显特征denote v. 指示,表示的是have… in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的,共同的annoy v. 惹恼,激怒,令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对,挑战confrontation n. 对抗,冲突,不和separation n. 分裂,分离separate adj. 独立的,各自的,分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱,赚得;博得,得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的,可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的;赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的,有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明,例证context n. 上下文,语境Unit Nineemerge v. 出现 = appearemergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数,人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与…竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性,竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位,是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了,充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升,增长(= rise)add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的,每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家) prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开,掉出,退出shift v. /n. 转换,变化,转移,转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化,重要变化wave n. 浪潮,潮流( = trend )one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色,作用 play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获,收割generation n. 一代(人)two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关,相关的 closely related to career-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子,实例rapid adj. 迅速的,飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的,巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏,破坏be composed of 由…组成的square n./a. 平方(的) ~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑;远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的 space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫,通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的,城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率;费率interest rates 利率 divorce rate离婚率crime rate犯罪率 birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例 sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性;原因 v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的,非常(= vastly)perplex v. 困扰,迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证,目击 n. 目击者,证人undergo v. 经历了 = experiencedistinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力 v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调(= stress )continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的,不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述,精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的 delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事,忙于conservative a. 保守的 n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持 = stick toUnit 10scatter v. 遍布,散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离,隔绝isolated adj. 分离的,隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山 volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学 geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…(比例)(= account for)组成(be made up of…由…构成)弥补,化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s;volcanic ~s milestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着 markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨,横越 n. 跨距,跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示,提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒,使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作,移动(= mobility )mobile adj.(可)移动的,流动的mobility n. orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造,构造;构思,构想,想象in detail adv. 细节的,详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…,在…方面,与…有关= in terms of = regardingreadily adv. 轻易地,容易地translate… into…将…解释为determine v. 确定,决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的,静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地,分别地anchor v. 固定在,停留 n 节目主持人layer n. 层,层次measuring instrument 测量工具,测量仪器measure n. 措施;衡量指标,测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析 self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于,局限于frame n. 框架,范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动,推进,加速broad adj. 宽阔的,巨大的,广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙,裂痕( = crack )entire adj. 完全的,整体的entirely adv. 完全地,彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始,引发take initiative 积极行动,采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形;易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的 ~ly adv. 一直inconsistency n. 不一致,变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型,圆屋顶be deducted from 由…推论出stable adj. 稳定 stability n. 稳定Unit 11rough adj. 粗糙的,粗略的;困难,复杂roughly adv. 大约,大致(后跟数字或数目)slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难 catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧,灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉 appeal v. (to,for)上诉,申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿,补偿compensation n. 赔偿,补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为,主张;保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任,对…应负责任be liable to 易…的,有…可能的liability n. 义务,法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n. 运气;财富;财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎;警告precaution n. 预防,防范,警惕appropriate adj. 正确,适当的 = proper inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏,药物交互作用interact with 互动,相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定,规则regulate v.规范,管理regular adj. 规则的,标准的;定期的regularity n. 规律性,规则性customer n. 顾客,消费者client n.顾客,客户potential customer 潜在顾客,可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制,定做,用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转,逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔;主张;宣称,声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称(= claim)side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹,瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法 a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的 = unmatchedunsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的,空前的precede v. 先于,在…之前(发生)proceed to 着手做,进入(下一个议程或项目)athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院,机构judge n. 法官 v. 判断 judgement n.判断justice n. 司法;正义;法官recommendation n.建议;推荐recommend v. 建议;推荐 counsel v. 建议carry v. 有,蕴含着,承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的;相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量,重量issue v. 发布,出台 n. 问题,争端,事务guideline n. 指导,方针,大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明,陈述,规定 statement n bombard sb. with… v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.(演说、文章等)冗长的 = tedious lengthen v. 延长 shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋,被忽略 = be buriedtriviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草 n. 草案,草稿moderate adj. 适度,中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事,顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬,挑错promise v. 承诺 n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足,不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustrate discard v. 抛弃discard… in words 口头,表面上抛弃Unit 12web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务,互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义,抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚 v.制定,开发,研发(=develop) attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的,过时的fashionable a. 时髦的,流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发 ~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理,行得通;有意义nonetheless adv. 然而,但是(= nevertheless ) hesitate v. 犹豫,犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑 self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者 dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的 fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任 n. 托拉斯,大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任,怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径 path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险,冒…的风险 = threatenrisk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to 允许出入,允许接触access n. 接近,利用(网络)accessible adj. 可获得的,可利用的intranet n. (单位内部)局域网model n./v. 模式,方式,模仿,建模focus on 集中于;全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的,可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址,场所;网址=websitedirect a. 直接的,径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播,传染 transmission n. message n. 信息,消息 send out messages screen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送,送货上门;发言,发表演说updated adj. 最新的,更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的,一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. (to)同意,赞同monitor n. 监视器,显示器as yet (到目前为止)尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售,特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动,促进;促销;提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出 n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供;出价,报价provide v. 提供 = offerprovided conj. 如果(= if)think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念,概念,想法,意见connotation n. 内涵,含义,意义event n. 活动,事件,事情eventually adv. 最终,最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前,曾经(= used to);一旦,如果univited a. 不请自来的,未经请求的distinction n. 区别;显赫身份,声望distinct a. 截然不同的,明显独特的draw v. 做比较,进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较(相同点或不同点)prospect n. 前景raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬,恐吓,令人害怕,使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助,采取,求助于the best resort 最好的办法,最好的手段the last resort最后的手段;终审法庭,最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合cost n.支出,成本;代价at all ~s 不惜一切代价地cost and benefit 利弊costly adj. 昂贵的 = expensivefree fall 自由落体,自由降落enterprise n. 企业silicon n. 硅,电脑业in silicon在互联网上silicon chips 硅片,芯片,集成电路板set up 设立,创立take the online plunge投身于互联网,置身于网络expand v. 扩大expansion n. 扩展fanciful adj. 新奇的in vain 徒劳,白费,没有用处。
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语核心词汇必备-商志3147词汇(增加单元对应信息)

2010全国硕士研究生入学考试英语核心词汇必备编讲商志主讲介绍:★“考研路上最不可错过的一位英语老师”★考研英语辅导史上划时代的人物,考研英语辅导高分神话的缔造者★中国单词第一人,传奇考研英语写作创始人,高联考研英语首席主讲★直取本质,彻底破解,主讲的考研英语词汇班、写作班、强化班、全程班等创造了多项他人无法打破的记录注意:1.本资料为考研英语3147个核心词汇系列资料部分。
2.本资料为传奇考研名师------ 商志老师教学团队版权所有。
3.本资料为半成品,商老师仅在高联英语课堂面授精确意思及其具体记忆方法。
Unit One 9701vote v. /n. 投票debate v. /n. 辩论,争论authority n. 政府;权威专家,权威(人士)occupation authorities 占领当局be authorized to do 得到授权be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利,有做…的权利incurably ill patients 晚期患者terminally ill 晚期的,终期的convince v. 坚信,相信;令人信服word n. 消息flash v./n. 闪现,,闪动,出现executive a.执行的n.执行官chief executive 首席执行官the right to… (有)做…的权利have rights doing sth. 有权做某事society n. 协会,社团academic ~ 学术社团specific society 具体的、特定的社团community n. …界, 团体;社会,社区legal community 法律界scientific community 科学界religious community 宗教团体health research community 医疗研究团体via prep. 经由,通过post v. 张贴,发布;(在网上)发帖bulletin n. 公告,报告import n. 重要性,重要意义;进口implications n. 含义,意义;暗示,启示imply v. 暗示,推论出;蕴含着…implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的explicit a. 表达明确地,明白的sink in 被了解alike deal with 安排,处理,思考breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气association n. 协会associate… with… 把…和…联系起来bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地,厉害地bill n. 法案,法律;账单passage n. 通过;经过;道路,通道tide n. 潮流,趋势likely adj/adv. 很有可能,可能的= possiblebe likely to 常常,很有可能unlikely adj. 不可能= impossibleaging population 老龄化的人口extend v. 延长,延伸,推广life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式be extended indefinitely 无限期延长get on with 继续做have something to do with… 与…有关have much to do with 与…很有关系observer n. 观察者,旁观者observe v. 观察,注意;评论observation观察(报告),观察(结论);评论make observations 做评论domino(es)多米诺效应(~ effect)request v. 请求,要求deadly adj. 致命的dreadful adj. 可怕的;极大的inject v. 注射,注入pill n. 药丸suffering n. 痛苦,受罪suffer v. 遭受diagnose v. 诊断cool off 平静下来,变凉certificate n. 证明(书、证等)haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的,不易忘怀的terrifying a. 可怕的,令人害怕的spiritual a. 精神上的fight for 努力…,为…而努力claw v. 抓(scratch)mask n. 面具object to 反对objection toobjectionable 引起反对的,讨厌的objective adj. 客观的objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正,客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点be responsible for 对…负责(表示原因)significance n. 重要性,意义calm a . 平静的,镇静的intense a.强烈的,剧烈的(~ fear 非常担心)characteristic n.(~s)特点,特色a. 特有的be characteristic of 特点是= be typical ofbe characterized by 特点是,以…为特点experience v./n.经历(= undergo=go through)shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡,变腐败in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同(approval)disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的(indifference)carefree adj. 不关心的,冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑,不信suspicion n. 怀疑,猜疑,不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的(= prejudiced)prejudice n./v. (持有)偏见= bias puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusion confused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然,困惑;混淆confusion n. 困惑,混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观(精神)pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观(精神)reserve v. 预留,保留;储备(金)reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置,空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者,狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗;暗淡doom n. 末日,宿命gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Two 9702consistent a. 一直的,一贯的,始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭,法院,足球场frequently adv. 经常,频繁地(反义词rarely)small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的,粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有,应该受到;值得comment on (做)评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本,本来dull a. 无趣的,无聊的(dullness)existence n. 存在;生存状态, 生活(life)typically ad. 通常,一般地(= generally)distant a. 远的,距离远的source n. 来源,本源;根源,原因=origin diversion n. 娱乐;转移diverse adj. 不同的,多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目;程序= projectharsh a. 残酷的;严厉、苛刻的(harshness)harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境,前方shape v. 塑造,形成;外形,体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好,好客(~ to sb.)injure v. 伤害(injury)turn to 诉诸,求助于,寻求…的帮助= resort to lodge n. 乡间小屋,旅社v. 借宿,临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处,避难处v. 保护,庇护residence n. 住处,住宅;居住dwelling n. 住所,处所dwell v. 住,居住mere(ly)adj./adv. 仅仅,不过,只(= only)charitable a. 仁慈的,慈善的impulse n. 冲动;推动,动力on the part of…从…的角度(on my part在我看来)reflect v. 反映,表现(= mirror);反省,反思(~ on)reflection n. weary a.疲倦的,筋疲力尽的(=exhausted)tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地(~ soon非常一小会儿)pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的,完全彻底的(properly)casual a. 不经意的,偶然的,临时的casualness n. 随便,随意,非正式interpret v. 阐释,说明interpret as 理解为,解释为artificial a. 假的,人造的;矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑(群)complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象,征兆;符号assume v.(没有根据地)认为,假定;承担assumption n. 假设,假定,设想,认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了,构成了(…的基础);强调fail v. 失败fail to 不能,未能translate v. 转化;理解more than 不仅仅是,远远胜过brief a.短暂的,简短的in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要,简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇,遇到distinguish between 区分,区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现,显现(~ oneself)~ation manifesto n. 宣言,声明exclusive adj.独一的(exclusive use单独使用)equal v. 等于,相当于entertain v. 招待,款待(=treat);使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持,持续(传统,习惯等)keep up with 跟上,追上keep doing 一直,持续做某事Unit Three 9703substance n. 物质other than 除了(…之外)rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上,学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语,专用名词v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…,指的是;谈到,提及chemical n. 化学药品,化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人v.(~ to)沉迷于addiction n. (to)上瘾,沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒,酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生,心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释,说明misuse v. 误用,用错;使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的(= widespread)aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静;平息下来sociable a. 社交的,增进友谊的nerve n. 神经;勇气,胆量apparent a. 显然的,明显的= obvious apparently adv. 显然,明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用,消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ on poison v 中毒,投毒(~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的,感觉的perception n. 知觉,感觉perceive v. 观察,感知distort v. 扭曲,歪曲(~ion)repeated use 反复使用,再三使用repeated adj. 再三的,反复的,重复性的lead to 导致,造成(= result in =cause)substance dependence 物质(药物)依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍,承受(tolerate v. )be tolerant of 容忍tolerate v. 忍受,容忍desire n./v.期望,希望~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现;外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销,撤退,收回(withdrawal n.)symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止,废止,放弃affect v. 影响effect n. 影响;效果mood n. 情绪,心情group v. 归类,分类= classifystimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质) depress v. 使压抑,使消沉,使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉(hallucination n.幻觉,幻想)hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初,起初(=originally);第一,首先(= primarily)speed up 加速(slow down 减速,放缓)activate v. 刺激,使活跃起来primary a.初步的,首要的;主要的,重要的primarily adv. 主要的(=predominantly)首先,第一(=firstly=initially)primacy n. 首要地位,优势= predominance variety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的,彻底的,激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的,有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱,更可取,更好preference n. 优先权,优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的~ policiesin that 之所以这样是因为(解释原因)fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的,无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的,深刻的,感人的pierce v. 刺穿,刺透,刺fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生,来源于;原因是…= arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于,归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe… to …原因在于,原因是= due to consumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.) production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的(= intention)quantitative a. 定量的,按一定数量的application (to)n. 应用,使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. (to)应用,适用于employ v. 使用;雇佣employer n. 用人单位;老板employment n. 使用;职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的(nagative a. 消极的)positive forces积极力量=driving forces推动力Unit Four 9704contribute to 导致,促成;为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributing factors) decline n./v. 衰退,下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的a ~ industry fade v. 渐渐消失,衰弱,减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的,日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的,日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌,降低(fell,fallen)= droprise v./n. 上升,增加(rose ,risen)on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现,完成,达到complete v. 完成,使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀,使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的,各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心(的),中心take over 接管,接班,接任late a. 已逝的,已故的alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v. 再设计,重新建造,结构重组flap n./v. 辩论,辩护debate n. 争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫,辩护defender n. 支持者,辩护人=supporter defendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理,为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护,理由是…release v. 发表,发行issue v.under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的,猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反,违背(规章等)= infringe violate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试,检验;试验democratic a. 民主的,大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执,争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的,使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协,让步(=retreat ;=back off)hard-line 强硬路线~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some level stockholder n. 股东,股票持有人cite v. 引用,引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v. 宣布= declarelaunch v. 发动,发起~ a drive to do sth. drive v. 驱动,推动driving force 推动力,驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下,暗处develop v. 制定,培养;发展;研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发,分配;发行,销售distribution n. 发行,销售;发放,分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会;委员会boss and board 管理层= the management licencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士,知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.(法律、合同等的)修改,修订unite v. 团结,联合为一Unit Five 9705monetary a. 金融的,货币的steer v. 驾驶,驾驭land v. 着陆(take off 起飞,猛增)brake n./v. 闸;刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的,易变的effect(on …)n. 影响(= influence on )hence adv. 因此就出现了,因此就有了analogy n. 类比nanlogous adj. 相当于,类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为;行为(~ online transactions进行网上贸易)liken…to…v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂,破碎rear v. 后部的,后面的view n. 景色,风景;观点,看法faulty a 有缺点的,不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀,引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力(能力),最大承受量(容量)utilization n. 利用,使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循,按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的,可比作extremely a. 极端地,非常地last v. 持续(一段时间)amaze v. 令人吃惊,使吃惊amazing a.神奇的,奇异的Unit Six 9801it doesn’t help that 无法阻止,无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起;俘获,夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination)giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的= giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭… 摆布drought n. 干旱(flood n. 洪涝)ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的,迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated(with )对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten(to do)有…的危险,威胁(到)= risk threat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固,加强bid n. 出价,投标bid for(投标)竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位;状态tend to 往往,通常会intend v. 打算,目的在于~ doing/to do sth.be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势,倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺,夺去… fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不= hardlygenerate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件,神话;荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的,想象的,虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的,进步的= civil civilize v. 让… 变得文明,使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…) troops n. 军队(= forces )contention over 竞争,争夺… (contend v. ) contend v.主张;竞争,斗争(contention n. )give the go-ahead 允许,许可wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使= even ifalthough ( = though ) ad. 尽管,虽然destruction n. 毁灭,破坏the powerful 权贵,强势阶层the powerless 平民,群众far from 远非,根本不是,根本没有far beyond 远远超过,远非resolve v. 决心;解决(同问题、分歧连用)conflict n. 冲突,斗争,摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大,巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视,忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的,至关重要的vitality n. 生命力,活力concern v. 与…有关n. 担忧,关切concerning prep.就…而言;与…有关concerned 相关的(后置修饰词)voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心,担心,重视strengthen v. 巩固,加强weaken v. 消弱,使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及,使普遍= popularize no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙(贬义)= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃,跳,飞跃Unit Seven 9802tale n. 故事,童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含,加入;合并revival n. 复兴,振兴,重生establish v. 建立,确立;公认,确定established adj. 确定的,既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的;多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新,变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持,负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的,官方的~ status官方地位statistics n. 统计数字,统计学mildly adv. (mild adj. )轻微的,适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均(只用于数字或人的资质)previous adj. 以前的,过去的acceleration n. 加速,加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环,周期business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用,循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的,充分的~ evidence inconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据(不可数名词)treasury secretary n. 财政大臣,财政部长disjunction n. 分离,不吻合,出入anecdote n. 趣闻,轶事downsize v. 裁减,精简overall adj. 整体,全部的,总的factor n. 因素,要素joint adj. 共同的,联合的join v. 连接,结合equipment n. 装备,设备,装置machinery n. (总称)机器,机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大,很有关系speculate (on) v. (对…进行)预测,推测speculative adj. 预测的,猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地,不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布,均衡分布的suppose v. 假设,猜想,想象academic v. 学者,大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的;粗糙的,粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况;;案例,例子;(法律)案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入,财政收入colleague n. 同事,伙伴= company mechanistic adj.机械的mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的,机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式,方法(= in a… manner) version 版本;说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的sufficiency n. long-term adj. 长期的~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率,直言不讳的dismiss… as…认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏;复原,恢复exclude v. 排除,除去…之外include v. 包含,包括fall short of 落后于,达不到(目标),不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测,预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题/ 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑,质疑= suspect questionnaire n. 问卷reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出,造成) unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革(liberal reform 自由改革) essential(for/to)adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮,一捆,一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eight 9803uneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. (问题等的)方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判;试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话,言语harsh remarksmake a passing remark 短暂发言,说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙,分裂deepen v. 加深,深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者,评论家criticize v. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的;批评的;至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地,显著地assemble v. 集合;组装find fault with 批评,挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家,思想家philosophy n. 哲学,人生准则,生活方式create v. 创造(creation n. 创造,创造物)creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化;物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象(phenomena 复数)contradict v. 与… 矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照,对比(不同点)survey n./v. 调查;纵览,通盘考虑reveal v. 显示,显示出;揭示,揭露;泄露tag n. 标签v. 贴标签(= label )label v./n. (贴)标签,标示epithet n.称号attach… to… 将… 联系在一起attach importance to… 强调,重视…advocate v. 提倡,倡导n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.) smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望,盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章,散文article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的,必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to… v. 与… 有关,相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱,先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗,枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果,逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的consequently adv. 因此= thus = therefore note v. 注意到;写道n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味,明显特征denote v. 指示,表示的是have… in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的,共同的annoy v. 惹恼,激怒,令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对,挑战confrontation n. 对抗,冲突,不和separation n. 分裂,分离separate adj. 独立的,各自的,分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱,赚得;博得,得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的,可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的;赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的,有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明,例证context n. 上下文,语境Unit Nine 9804emerge v. 出现= appearemergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数,人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与… 竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性,竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位,是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了,充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升,增长(= rise)add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的,每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家) prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开,掉出,退出shift v. /n. 转换,变化,转移,转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化,重要变化wave n. 浪潮,潮流(= trend )one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色,作用play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获,收割generation n. 一代(人)two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关,相关的closely related to career-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子,实例rapid adj. 迅速的,飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的,巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏,破坏be composed of 由… 组成的square n./a. 平方(的)~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑;远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫,通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的,城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率;费率interest rates 利率divorce rate离婚率crime rate犯罪率birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性;原因v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的,非常(= vastly)perplex v. 困扰,迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证,目击n. 目击者,证人undergo v. 经历了= experience distinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调(= stress )continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的,不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述,精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事,忙于conservative a. 保守的n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持= stick toUnit 10 9805scatter v. 遍布,散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离,隔绝isolated adj. 分离的,隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…(比例)(= account for)组成(be made up of…由…构成)弥补,化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s;volcanic ~s milestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨,横越n. 跨距,跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示,提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒,使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作,移动(= mobility )mobile adj.(可)移动的,流动的mobility n. orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造,构造;构思,构想,想象in detail adv. 细节的,详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…,在…方面,与…有关= in terms of = regardingreadily adv. 轻易地,容易地translate… into… 将… 解释为determine v. 确定,决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的,静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地,分别地anchor v. 固定在,停留n 节目主持人layer n. 层,层次measuring instrument 测量工具,测量仪器measure n. 措施;衡量指标,测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于,局限于frame n. 框架,范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动,推进,加速broad adj. 宽阔的,巨大的,广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙,裂痕(= crack )entire adj. 完全的,整体的entirely adv. 完全地,彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始,引发take initiative 积极行动,采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形;易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的~ly adv. 一直inconsistency n. 不一致,变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型,圆屋顶be deducted from 由… 推论出stable adj. 稳定stability n. 稳定Unit 11 9901rough adj. 粗糙的,粗略的;困难,复杂roughly adv. 大约,大致(后跟数字或数目)slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧,灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉appeal v. (to,for)上诉,申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿,补偿compensation n. 赔偿,补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为,主张;保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任,对…应负责任be liable to 易…的,有…可能的liability n. 义务,法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n. 运气;财富;财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎;警告precaution n. 预防,防范,警惕appropriate adj. 正确,适当的= proper inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏,药物交互作用interact with 互动,相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定,规则regulate v.规范,管理regular adj. 规则的,标准的;定期的regularity n. 规律性,规则性customer n. 顾客,消费者client n.顾客,客户potential customer 潜在顾客,可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制,定做,用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转,逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔;主张;宣称,声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称(= claim)side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹,瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的= unmatched unsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的,空前的precede v. 先于,在… 之前(发生)proceed to 着手做,进入(下一个议程或项目)athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院,机构judge n. 法官v. 判断judgement n.判断justice n. 司法;正义;法官recommendation n.建议;推荐recommend v. 建议;推荐counsel v. 建议carry v. 有,蕴含着,承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的;相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量,重量issue v. 发布,出台n. 问题,争端,事务guideline n. 指导,方针,大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明,陈述,规定statement n bombard sb. with…v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.(演说、文章等)冗长的= tedious lengthen v. 延长shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋,被忽略= be buried triviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草n. 草案,草稿moderate adj. 适度,中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事,顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬,挑错promise v. 承诺n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足,不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustrate discard v. 抛弃discard… in words 口头,表面上抛弃Unit 12 9902web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务,互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义,抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚v.制定,开发,研发(=develop) attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的,过时的fashionable a. 时髦的,流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理,行得通;有意义nonetheless adv. 然而,但是(= nevertheless ) hesitate v. 犹豫,犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任n. 托拉斯,大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任,怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险,冒…的风险= threaten risk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to 允许出入,允许接触access n. 接近,利用(网络)accessible adj. 可获得的,可利用的intranet n. (单位内部)局域网model n./v. 模式,方式,模仿,建模focus on 集中于;全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的,可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址,场所;网址=websitedirect a. 直接的,径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播,传染transmission n. message n. 信息,消息send out messages screen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送,送货上门;发言,发表演说updated adj. 最新的,更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的,一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. (to)同意,赞同monitor n. 监视器,显示器as yet (到目前为止)尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售,特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动,促进;促销;提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供;出价,报价provide v. 提供= offerprovided conj. 如果(= if)think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念,概念,想法,意见connotation n. 内涵,含义,意义event n. 活动,事件,事情eventually adv. 最终,最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前,曾经(= used to);一旦,如果univited a. 不请自来的,未经请求的distinction n. 区别;显赫身份,声望distinct a. 截然不同的,明显独特的draw v. 做比较,进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较(相同点或不同点)prospect n. 前景raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬,恐吓,令人害怕,使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助,采取,求助于the best resort 最好的办法,最好的手段the last resort最后的手段;终审法庭,最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合。