BOOK8M1语法
book8unit1重点句型结构
2. 从1882年至1940年，天使岛成为一个著名的移民站， 许多中国人在那儿申请美国居住权。 From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for the right to live in the USA. where I am supposed I have reached a point in my life _________ to make decisions of my own. where you will be forced to Put yourself in situations _______ communicate in English, and you will see more progress over time.
_______ Given enough time, he could do it better. 如果给他充足的时间，他可以做得更好。 （表条件） Mr. Lee stood there, __________ surrounded by many students. 李老师站在那里，许多学生围着他。 （表伴随） Wounded the brave soldier continued to fight. __________, 虽然受伤了，这位勇敢的战士仍然继续作战。 （表让步） __________________( 受……驱使) by a great demand for Driven by green products, the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality. (drive) Given proper training _____eenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. (give)
高中英语选修Book 8 Unit1复习要点
Book 8Unit 1名词：1.California2. Californian3.distinction4. Immigrant5.strait6. Bering strait7. the Arctic8. means9. majority 10. ministry 11. Catholic 12. Alaska13. San Francisco 14. adventurer 15. hardship 16. rail17. percentage 18. Los Angeles 19. Italy 20. Italian21. Denmark 22. Hollywood 23. boom 24. aircraft25. Cambodian 26.Korea27. Korean 28. Pakistan 29. Pakistani 30. Immigration 31. crossing 32. vice 33. nephew 34. pole35. applicant 36. customs37. socialist 38. socialism39. cattle 40. Hispanic41. luggage=baggage 42. cable43. cable car 44. tram45. brake 46. conductor47. slip 48. wharf49. bakery 50. ferry51. Angel Island 52. hire53. seagull 54. punishment55. justice 56. authority57. reform 58. grasp动词59. illustrate 60. elect61. boom 62. immigrate63. occur 64. indicate65. slip 66. ferry67. hire 68. mourn69. reform 70. grasp71. insert形容词：72. distinct 73. prehistoric 74. racial 75. socialist76. apparent 77. fascinating78. miserable 79. civil80.thoughtful81. thankful其它：86. despite(介词) 87. apparently(副)88. nowhere不规则动词shave shaved, shaved, shavenoccur occurred, occurred词组1.live on2. by means of3. make a life4. Keep up5. back to back6. team up with7. mark out 8. take in9. a great/good many 10. apply for汉译英1.史前的2.大多数3.尽管4.苦难5.选举6.繁荣7.申请人8.显而易见地9.惩罚10.悲惨的11.改革12.迷人的13.抓住14.关切的，深思的15.继续生存16.借助17.习惯于新生活18.坚持，沿袭19.背靠背20.与…合作21.画线22.包括，吸收，理解，欺骗23.许多24.申请答案1.prehistoric 2.majority 3.despite 4.hardship 5.elect6.boom7.applicant8.apparently9.punishment10.miserable 11.reform 12.fascinating 13.grasp14.thoughtful 15. live on 16.by means of 17.make a life18.keep up 19.back to back 20.team up with 21.mark out22.take in 23.a good/great many 24.apply for1.美国第三大洲 1. the third largest state in the USA2.延续，继续存在（活着） 2. live on3.把…称作… 3.know sth as sth4.用…办法，借助… 4.by means of5.在十六世纪 5.in the 16th century6.在欧洲人到达以后 6.after the arrival of the Europeans7.遭受极大痛苦7.suffer greatly8.而且，另外8.in addition9.除…之外9.in addition to sth10.在十六世纪初期10.in the early 16th century11.对…宣战11.declare war on12.实现梦想12.achieve one’s dream(of doing)13.习惯于新的生活方式，工作等13.make a life14.十九世纪六十年代14.in the 1860s=in the 1860’s15.建立属于自己的城镇15.establish a town of one’s own16.保留，坚持，维持，沿袭16.keep up17.到20世纪20年代17.by the 1920s18.直接到旅店18.go straight to the hotel19.去观光19.go exploring20.与…合作或一起工作20.team up with21.画线，标出…界线，专为…选定21.mark out22.对…有一个很好的了解22.have a good idea of23.许多，很多23.a great/good many24.好好的观赏24.have a good view of25.抓住机会干某事25.grasp the opportunity of doing sth26.双向活动26.a two-way activity1.美国第三大洲 1.2.延续，继续存在（活着） 2.3.把…称作… 3.4.用…办法，借助… 4.5.在十六世纪 5.6.在欧洲人到达以后 6.7.遭受极大痛苦7.8.而且，另外8.9.除…之外9.10.在十六世纪初期10.11.对…宣战11.12.实现梦想12.13.习惯于新的生活方式，工作等13.14.十九世纪六十年代14.15.建立属于自己的城镇15.16.保留，坚持，维持，沿袭16.17.到20世纪20年代17.18.直接到旅店18.19.去观光19.20.与…合作或一起工作20.21.画线，标出…界线，专为…选定21.22.对…有一个很好的了解22.23.许多，很多23.24.好好的观赏24.25.抓住机会干某事25.26.双向活动26.Book 8 Unit 11.California has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.2.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows .3.It is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.4.Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.5.After the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.6.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.7.Today there are about 25000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.8.The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.9.Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.10.Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.11.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.12.People from different parts of the world, attracted by climate and lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.13.Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.14.Now I have a really good idea of what the city’s like.P8课文(不读) 背P1第一段P3最后一段填空1.is likely that Native Americans were living California at least fifteen thousand years ago.2.They came to the town means of a bridge.3.Today there are more native Americans (live) in California in any other state.4.Two centuries ①(late), the Spanish had settled ②most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of ③we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish④(go) to California, the majority⑤(be) religious men, ⑥ministry was to teach the Catholic religion ⑦the natives. In 1846, the United States declared war⑧Mexico and after the war⑨(win) by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. ⑩, there is still a strong influence In the State.5.Fact, few achieved their dream becoming rich. Some died returned home, most remained in California to make life for themselves(尽管)great hardship.6.People different parts of the world, (attract) by the climate and the lifestyle, still (immigrate) to California. It (believe) that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great there will be no distinct major racial or (culture) groups, simply a mixture of many races and cultures.7. (build) in 1873, the cable car system was invented by…1.It, in2. by3.living, thanter, in, what, to go, were, whose, to, on, won, However5. In, of, or, but, a, despite6.from, attracted, immigrate, is believed, that, cultural, but7.Built.Book 8 Unit 1改错1.（7处错）1 California is the third largest state in USA but have the largest population. It too2 has the distinction of be the most multicultural state in America, having attracted3 people from all over the world. The custom and languages of the immigrants live4 on in his new home. This diversity of culture is not surprised when you know the5 history of California.2.(12处错误）1 Exactly when the first people arrived in where we now know as California, no one2 really know. However, it is likely that native Americans were living in California at3 least fifteen thousands years ago. Scientists believe that these settler crossed the4 Bering Strait in the arctic to America by the means of a land bridge which existed in5 prehistoric times. In 16th century, after the arrive of the Europeans, the native6 people suffered great. Thousands were killed and forced into slavery. In addition,7 many died from the diseases bringing by the Europeans. However, some survived8 these terrible times and today there are many native Americans live in California9 than in any other state.1. 第一行：USA前加the have has too also第二行：be being 第三行：custom customs第四行his their surprised surprising2. 第一行：where what 第二行：know knows第三行：thousands thousand settler settlers第四行：by后的the去掉第五行：16th前加the arrive arrival第六行：and or 第七行：bringing brought第八行：many more live living。
Book8 Unit 1 知识点
take on 承担，从事；呈现take one’s place 入座；代替某人的位置【高手过招】：用take的相关短语填空：①Don’ t be by his promises.②Who do you think will now that the governor has been dismissed?③These boxes of yours are too much space.④I was really when seeing old photos.⑤Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now_____ _____ ______.The opera is soon to begin.⑥Tom carefully what the teacher said.A little quiz:1. Eventually he gave in to the wish of the ________.A. mostB. majorityC. averageD. common2. He’d _________a volleyball court on the beach with stick.A. turned outB. marked outC. made outD. broken out3. Didn’t it ever ______to you that one day you wouldn’t be fired because of your carelessness?A. dreamB. occurC. expectD. happen4. Students sometimes support themselves by ______ of part time job.A. waysB. helpC. meansD. assistance5. An uncle of mine lived ______cancer for over 20 years，and died ____January at the age of 86.A．for；from B．with；of C．with；in D．against；with6．The ________of school leavers that go to university is about fifty percent.A．degree B．percentage C．level D．standard7．The agreement indicates that the two companies will ________with each other again.A．team up B．turn up C．look up D．pick up8．The position，however，________you are applying，is not quite a well-paid one.A．that B．which C．for which D．to which9．Many died or returned home，but most remained in California to ________a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms.A．make B．come C．bring D．lay10. ------- What do you think of Harry, our new roommate?-------- I am not sure, but he is always asking ______ questions.A. a great many ofB. a great manyC. a great numberD. a large amount of11. The tourism of our country _________, and already in some places it _________ one of themain industries.A. has boomed; is becomingB. boomed; has becomeC. is booming; has becomeD. is booming; is becoming12. (2009. 浙江，7) There is a great deal of evidence _________ that music activities engagedifferent parts of the brain.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating13. (2009.福建，34) In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, ________the 60th anniversary of the founding of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. markingB. markedC. having markedD. being markedCharles R. Drew was a medical student at Columbia University in New York. Before he graduated, he wrote an article 1_____ blood bank, that is, the storing of blood. Up till then, a lot of people had died from loss of blood 2_____ there was no blood bank.When the United States entered the Second World War, it became 3_____ to set up blood banks. Dr Drew became 4_____ of the red cross's first blood bank. When the Red Cross 5_____ blood banks to collect and store blood for men 6____ in battle, black American gave blood along with the whites. At 7_____ their blood was not accepted. Later blood from the blacks was 8______ but was stored in a 9_____ place from "white" blood. Although the best doctors 10_____ that there was 11_____ difference at all between the blood of blacks and whites, the Red Cross, with the support of the government, 12_____ to separate black blood from white blood.After the war, Dr Drew was 13_____ from Washington with three other doctors to attend a medical meeting in a southern state. In northern Carolina their car went 14_____ a ditch（深沟）and Dr Drew was 15_____ hurt. He had lost 16____ blood by the time a passing car took him to the 17_____ hospital. But they were stopped at the gate of the hospital. "18____him to the hospital for blacks." No matter 19_____ they said, they could not get into the hospital. They had to take him to the 20_____ hospital, but on the way Dr Drew died because he had lost too much blood.1. A. of B. on C. for D. in2. A. though B. if C. because D. and3. A. possible B. impossible C. important D. necessary4. A. visitor B. head C. receiver D. supporter5. A. started B. expected C. promised D. forbade6. A. died B. killed C. wounded D. fighting7. A. most B. least C. first D. last8. A. received B. accepted C. lost D. found9. A. good B. cool C. hot D. separate10.A. discovered B. invented C. insisted D. regretted11.A. little B. much C. some D. no12.A. began B. refused C. stopped D. continued13.A. driving B. walking C. arriving D. traveling14.A. from B. into C. along D. off15.A. hardly B. nearly C. badly D. not16.A. some B. little C. all D. much17.A. biggest B. most modern C. nearest D. cheapest18.A. Take B. Bring C. Send for D. Find19.A. how B. what C. where D. who20.A. colored B. better C. farthest D. same答案解析：1、选B。
选修八unit1语法
选修八unit1语法Book8 Unit1语法导学案（A）名词性从句（I）---宾语从句和表语从句学习目标：知识目标：复习，领会、名词性从句的用法，本单元学习掌握宾语从句和表语从句。
能力目标：掌握名词性从句的相关概念、能解决名词性从句的问题。
情感目标：自主、合作、探究，激情展示，大胆质疑，分享成果。
激发学生对语法的学习热情。
学习重点：学习掌握宾语从句和表语从句；学习难点：掌握名词性从句中的时态、语序；if 与whether的用法区别；以及what与which ，who与whoever的区别。
第一部分：预习案概念：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
连词：that, whether, if, as if, as though引导词：连接代词：指人的who(ever), whom(ever) , whose；指物的which(ever),what(ever), whose连接副词：when, where, why, because, how等。
例句呈现：宾语从句1组. 1.We know (that) she did a good deed yesterday.2. Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game.3. I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not.2组. 1. We know (that) she studies English every day.2. We know (that) she studied English last term.3. We know (that) she will study English next year.4. We know (that) she has studied English since 2005.1. She said she enjoyed reading English novels.3组 2. She said the girl was doing some washing .3.She told me that she had never been there before.4. She told me that she would never forgive me.表语从句：4组 1.My suggestion is that we should go shopping.2. It seems that it is going to rain.3.It looks as if it’s going to rain.4.The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.观察以上各组例句，结合语法书，完成以下问题1) 宾语从句的句子结构：____________________________________________________________表语从句的句子结构：____________________________________________________________2)从句中的时态问题在名词性从句中，特别是宾语从句中要注意时态呼应问题，当主句动词是现在时，从句的时态_________________________________；当主句的时态是过去时，从句的时态________________ ____，客观事实除外。
Book8 Unit1
Book8 Unit1 一、短语live on 继续生存by means of…用……办法；借助……be in the majority 占大多数make a life (made) 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生keep up (kept)坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）back to back 背靠背team up with 与……合作或一起工作mark out 划线；标出……界线take in (took taken) 欺骗/吸收/包括a great/good many 许多；很多（可数）apply for 申请；请示得到It is likely that= Sb is likely to doIt occurred to me that..突然想到Some people believe that=It is believed that….（主语从句）have a population of ...人口有……the majority of多数mix ...with/and 把……与……混合sth.occurs to sb. 某人想起（某事）go straight to直接去…drop one’s luggage放下行李go exploring 去探索get a spectacular view of 观看美景a better form of transport一种更好的交通方式have good idea of 想要做某事all sorts of各种各样的二、重点单词illustrate vt. 说明；阐明distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民live on 继续存在；继续生存strait n. 海峡the Arctic 北极means n. 手段；方法prehistoric adj. 史前的majority n. 大多数；大半ministry n.（政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责adventurer n. 冒险家despite prep. 尽管；不管hardship n. 苦难；困苦elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的percentage n. 百分比；百分率boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）immigration n. 移民；移居入境racial adj. 人种的；种族的crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道vice n. & adj. 代理；副职nephew n. 侄子；外甥pole n. 地极；电极；磁极applicant n. 申请人customs n. 海关；关税；进口税socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的socialism n. 社会主义occur vi. 发生；出现cattle n. 牛（总称）indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆tram n. （有轨）电车apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑动；滑倒wharf n. 码头bakery n. 面包房；面包厂ferry n. 渡船；渡口vt.摆渡；渡运hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的angle n. 角；角度nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的punishment n. 处罚；惩罚justice n. 公正；公平mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的authority n. 权威；权力(pl)当局；官方reform vt. & vi. 改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良grasp vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的insert vt. 插入；嵌入1、illustrate vt. 说明,阐明——illustration n. 说明,例证, 图表,图解by way of illustration 以实例说明2、majority n.大多数，大半——major adj.较多的；主修的v.主修(科目)——minor adj.较少的，次要的vi.辅修——minority （pl:minorities）n.少数The majority____________ for the budget.（was / were）The majority of students ________ hard-working. （are/ is）The majority of the damage _______ easy to repair.（is）the majority of+名词，表示“多数”，其后的谓语动词取决于of之后的名词。
八年级上册英语m1的语法知识点
八年级上册英语m1的语法知识点八年级上册英语M1是新学期开始的一个重要模块，其中包含了大量的语法知识点，这些知识点是学好英语的基础，很多语法规则在后面的学习中都会反复出现。
下面我们详细介绍一下这些重要的语法知识点。
一、现在进行时
现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或状态，其结构为“主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词”，例如“我们正在学习英语。
”“We are learning English.”
二、一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性的动作或状态，其结构为“主语+动词原形+s/es”，例如“我每天都去学校。
”“I go to school every day.”
三、一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时刻或一段时间内所发生的动作或状态，其结构为“主语+动词过去式”，例如“昨天我看了一部电影。
”“Yesterday I watched a movie.”
四、现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，其结构为“主语+have/has+过去分词”，例如“我已经完成了作业。
”“I have fin ished my homework.”
五、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态，其结构为“主语+will+动词原形”，例如“明天我将会去上学。
”“I will go to school tomorrow.”
六、情态动词
情态动词有can、could、may、might、must等，表示能力、请求、建议、推测等不同的意义。
它们的用法比较灵活，请注意。
以上就是八年级上册英语M1的主要语法知识点，希望同学们能够认真学习，并在后续的英语学习中逐步熟练掌握。
Book8Unit1知识点
Book8 Unit1 Revision（讲解版）一、学习目标1.掌握重要词汇、语言点、句型，并能在训练中准确使用。
2.训练学生的词汇，句型及语法的灵活使用水平。
二、学法指导1.通过知识梳理，构建本单元的知识框架。
2.先独立完成各项练习，再通过小组讨论及教师讲解解决难点。
三、语境串记基点一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累写得准用得活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.means n．手段；方法2.occur vi.发生；出现3.reform v.改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良4.grasp vt.&n. 抓住(紧)；掌握；领会5.boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期6.luggage n. 行李7.slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n. 滑动；滑倒8.hire vt.&n. 租用；雇用9.customs n．海关；关税；进口税→customer n．顾客10.majority n．绝大部分；大半→major adj.主要的vi.主修n．专业→minority n．少数11.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n．选举12.distinct adj.清晰的；明显(确)的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓著13.applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请→application n．申请书；申请14.apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地1.He won the election and was elected presidentof the country. (elect)2.He indicated that an indicator should give mesome indications of how I did in thetest.(indicate)3.The results of the survey fell into distinctgroups. The old were scholars of greatdistinction while the young were theopposite. (distinct)4.Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparentmistakes in the accident.(apparent)5.All the applicants can apply in person or byletter and at the same time should hand intheir applications before May 6th. (apply)6.One of the major problems is that a majorityof the graduates who major in English find itdifficult to find a good job. (majority)7.“Walk across this street and turn left at thefirst crossing.” the boy told the lady. (cross)8.If a customer wants to bring the goods he buysabroad back to inland, he has to pay somecustoms when he passes through the Customs.(custom)15.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication n．迹象；标示→indicator n．指示器；指示信号16.crossing n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道→cross n．十字；交叉adj.交叉的；生气的v．使交叉；横过→across prep.在……的对面(过)?积得多平时多积累，考场出华章1.与“雇用；辞退”相关的词汇①hire n．&vt.雇用②employ vt.雇用③take on 雇用④fire vt.解雇⑤dismiss vt.解雇⑥discharge vt.辞退⑦lay off 解雇⑧turn away 解雇2.单复数意义不同的名词小结①custom (风俗)→customs (海关)②manner (方式)→manners (礼貌)③paper (纸)→papers (文件)④art (艺术)→arts (文科)⑤arm (手臂)→arms (武器)⑥brain (脑袋)→brains (脑力)⑦work (工作)→works (作品)⑧short (短的)→shorts (短裤)3.“多数与少数”面面观①major adj. 主要的②majority n. 绝大部分③minor adj. 少数的④minority n. 少数4.以后缀“-ing”结尾的名词①crossing 十字路口②singing 唱歌③swimming 游泳④writing 写作二、短语——在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多写得准用得活(选用左栏短语填空)1.live_on 继续存有；继续生存2.make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3.mark_out 标出……界线4.keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭5.take_in 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解6.apply_for 申请；请示得到7.occur_to_sb. 某人突然想到8.by_means_of 用……办法；借助于9.back_to_back 背靠背10.team_up_with 与……合作11.a_great/good_many 很多；很多12.the_majority_of 绝大部分……1.In some rural places of China, some people still prefer keeping_up their traditional lifestyle.2.After 15 years in the USA, he has finally made his decision to apply_for_American citizenship.3.While you are reading an article, you'd better mark_out the key words and topic sentences.4.—The trade caused me $500 worth of loss. —Pity! You didn't listen to my advice; otherwise, you would not have been taken_in.5.You can team_up_with one other class member if you can't finish it on time.?积得多平时多积累，考场出华章1.“v.＋out”结构的短语荟萃①mark out 标出……界线③turn out 结果是⑤make out 理解；辨认出②work out 锻炼④cut out 删去⑥come out 出版；开花2.“v.＋in”结构短语荟萃①break in 强行闯入②give in 屈服；投降③turn in 上交三、句式——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句明句式学仿写1.However, it is likely thatNative Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. it is likely that ...“有可能……”。
Book8Unit1
Ⅰ.重点单词识记1．abuse /ə′bjuːz/v t.& n．虐待；辱骂；滥用2．desperate /′despərət/adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望3．vain /veIn/adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的4．theme /θiːm/n．主题，主题思想；主题音乐5．reform /rI′fɔːm/v t.& v i.& n．(使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良6．rescue /′reskjuː/n．& v i.& v t.救援，营救7．supreme /suː′priːm/adj.最高的，至高无上的8．reputation /ˌrepjʊ′teIʃn/n．名誉，名声9．debt /det/n．债务，欠款10．monument /′mɒnjʊmənt/n．纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念塑像；古迹11．adore /ə′dɔː(r)/v t.热爱，喜爱，爱慕12．spring /sprIŋ/v i.突然出现；跳，蹦；n.春天，春季；泉13．characteristic /ˌkærəktə′rIstIk/n．特征，特点；adj.典型的，独特的，特有的→character n．(书写或印刷)文字，符号；人物；性格，特点14．criminal /′krImInl/n．罪犯；adj.犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的→crime n．罪，罪行15．tension /′tenʃn/n．紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立→tense adj.令人紧张的；神经紧张的；绷紧的，不松弛的16．generous /′dʒenərəs/adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的→generously ad v.慷慨地；大方地→generosity n．慷慨，大方；宽宏大量17．violent /′vaIələnt/adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的→violence n．暴力，暴行18．threat /θret/n．威胁，恐吓→threaten v t.威胁，恐吓19．resist /rI′zIst/v i.& v t.反抗，抵制，抵挡→resistant adj.抵制的；抵抗的；有抵抗力的→resistance n．反对，抵制，抵抗20．reunite /ˌriːjuː′naIt/v t.& v i.(使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合，再联合→unite v i.& v t.联合，团结；统一→united adj.联合的，团结的，统一的Ⅱ.重点短语识记1．have nothing to do with与……无关2．come out出版，发行；结果为3．at a time一次4．be set in以……为背景5．bent on (doing) sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事)6．on the run躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波7．live up to达到，符合(期望)8．worn out破烂不堪的，废旧的；精疲力尽的9．come to one’s rescue救援某人，帮助某人10．touch on谈及，涉及11．be intended to be/do sth.目的是作为某物，目的是做某事12．divide...into...把……分成……13．no different并无不同14．compare...to...把……比作……15．in tune音调准确；演奏合调Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵1．Pip’s sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良、淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
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BOOK8M1 GrammarReview of subjects and verbs【学习目标】1. ①了解主语由什么来充当②掌握主谓一致的规则。
③了解动词的基本分类。
一．Review of subjects【观察领悟】品读例句，体会黑体部分在句中的用法。
①Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.②They called him Tom.③Thirty is enough.④Swimming is good exercise.⑤To plant these flowers took us two hours.When to hold the meeting has not been decided.⑥The beautiful is not always the useful.⑦The aged are well taken care of in the village.⑧Whether he will come is doubtful.⑨I t’s no use crying over spilt milk.It’s difficult t o imagine a more inhabitable place.It’s certain that he will come the day after tomorrow.10) There are four chairs and a table in the room.【自我归纳】►主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。
主语通常由①②③④⑤⑥/⑦⑧等来充当。
►当句子的主语为动名词，动词不定式或从句时，可用_______做形式主语，把真正地主语后置。
►there be句型中，主语是there吗？______________________________Subject Verb Agreement主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
（一）语法一致：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。
不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。
1. 由and或both...and连接的两个并列成分做主语时（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。
Bread and butter is our daily food.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句：Each doctor and（each）nurse is given a new shirt.No sound and no voice has been heard.2.动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：Eight hours of sleep is enough.Ten dollars is enough for him.4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each, the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：Is anybody going to tell him the news ?Someone wants to see you.5.倒装句中的语法一致On the wall are two pictures, which attract many people.（二）就近原则1、由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的那个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
例句：①. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.②. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.2、注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
例句：①. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.②. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.3、名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。
例句：①. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift..②.You as well as I are wrong.（三）意义一致1. all指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词用单数。
All are going to be present at the meeting and all is ready for the meeting.2. 集合名词group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等名词等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 例句The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.注意：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。
people 民族（可数名词，peoples)3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。
例句：（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.5、主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft 飞行器, ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .2.) Many means have not come into effect.6、the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等。
如，⑴The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.⑵The new is sure to replace the old.二．Review of verbs(复习动词)一.【概念】表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。
二. 【分类】根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类三．【深层点拨】1. 实义动词根据其后能否直接带宾语，可分为两类：动词(vt)—-后面可以直接跟宾语与动词(vi)---无被动，后面不可以直接跟宾语.The price (rise) now.The price (raise) by the market now.2. 连系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征或身份等。
常见的连系动词有表示状态的，也有表示状态变化的。
★表状态的有①be, seem, appear等。
②由感官动词变化而来，意思为“看/听/摸/尝/闻起来③stand, keep, prove, remain等由不及物动词转化而来。
★表示状态变化的有become, get, grow, turn, fall等。
3.助动词本身没有独立的词义，不能单独作谓语，只能用来帮助主要动词构成时态，语态，语气以及陈述句，否定句和疑问句。
基本的助动词有do, does, did, have, has, having, had, be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being等。
I did come here yesterday.(did在此表示)4. 情态动词情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词一起构成谓语；但情态动词本身有一定的意义，表示“可能，可以，必须，应该，敢于”等意思。
此外，多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
这种动词（词组）常见的有：can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to, need, dare, used to, have to等。
You shal l fail if you don’t work hard.巩固练习一．单项选择1．Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes sent to the disaster-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.A. has beenB. have beenC. is beingD. are being2. In fact, is hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A. thatB. thisC. itD. which3. really maters in sports is not the winning, but the taking part.A. WhatB. ItC. ThatD. How4. ----What made him so excited?----- the first prize in the English contest.A. As he wonB. WinningC. WonD. Because of winning5. Never before in greater need of patience and courage than today.A. have you beenB. you have beenC. were youD. you were6. ----Did you go to the show last night?-----Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area invited.A. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was7. The hospital very well, where many wounded people every day.A. is operated; operationB. operates; are operatedC. operates; are operatedD. operates; operates on8. Every day the boy, together with his classmates, to go to the playground andfootball, themselves.A.are noticed; play; enjoyingB. is noticed; plays; enjoyingC.are noticed; plays; enjoysD. is noticed; play; enjoying9. It was never clear the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A. thatB. howC. whenD. why10. Was it from the lake he often went fishing he saved the drowned girl?A. that; thatB. where; whereC. where; thatD. that; where11. Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.A. looksB. smellsC. feelsD. tastes12. You park here! It’s an emergency exit.A. wouldn’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t13. If you have a job, yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.A. do devoteB. don’t devoteC. devotingD. n ot devoting14. I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I .A. was doingB. am doingC. have doneD. had been doing15. a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It hasB. They haveC. I t remainsD. There remains16. One—third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizensblack people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is二．用动词的适当形式填空。