英语翻译技巧第十节 省略法
省略译法——精选推荐
三、省略法Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法也被称为减词法(pruning)。
跟增词法刚好相反，省略法是指把原文中有的词语省掉不译出来，但省掉的都是一些可有可无的或违背译语语言习惯的词，如实词中的代词、动词的省略，虚词中的冠词、介词和连词的省略等，目的是为了在忠实的基础上使译文更加简洁通顺。
一、由于语法差异而需要省略：1.代词的省略：英语中代词的使用频率远远高于汉语，根据实际情况有时需要把代词所指代的人或事物重复出来，而有时则可以直接省掉，有人称代词（主格或宾格），物主代词等。
Order is order. W e cannot complain, we cannot bargain, we cannot question and we cannot suggest changes.命令就是命令，不得抱怨，不得讨价还价，不得置疑，不得建议修改。
One must make painstaking efforts before one can master a foreign language.要掌握一门外语非下苦功夫不可.He put his hands in his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.他把双手放进衣兜里，耸了耸肩。
A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearms are activated by a device like this one.脊髓神经有损伤的人使用这样的装置后，前臂肌肉被激活，便能抓住东西。
2．Omitting the imp ersonal pronoun “it”This often occurs when “it” is meaningless or empty.It的省略：it作形式主语或宾语，强调句中的it，或表示自然现象、时间、地点、距离等的it 常常可以省略。
翻译 省略法
Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile. 埃格伯特说，他（开车）每天一英里就只赚一块钱。
（五）省略介词
一般来说，表示时间和地点的英语介词，译成汉语如果出现在句首， 大都可以省略，出现在句尾大都不可省略。
1.省略表示时间的前置词
Eg. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 1949年中华人民共和国成立。 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 2. 省略表示地点的前置词 Eg. Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所严禁吸烟。 In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South. 冬天，北方的天气比南方冷得多。
（六）省略动词
英语句子中一般必须有谓语动词，而汉语句子中的谓语并不一定 非有动词充当，形容词和名词等同样可以作谓语。英译汉时可根据汉语的 习惯适当省略原文中的某些动词。 主要有两类：省略一些连系动词 省略一些与具有动词含义的名词等搭配使用的动词 Eg. When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。
（四）省略冠词
1. 英语有冠词，但是汉语没有，因此，英译汉是往往可将冠词省略 Eg. A teacher should have patience in his work. 当老师应该有耐心。（省略不定冠词A） It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past. 在过去，飞往月球是绝对办不到的事情。（省略定冠词The） 2. 但是在某些场合，冠词不能省略，要翻译为“一个，每一，这个，那个”等 Eg. He left without saying a word. 他一句话也不说就走了。 This is the book you wanted. 这就是你要的那本书。
英语笔译技巧--省略法
英语笔译技巧--省略法2017年英语笔译技巧--省略法省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅，更符合译文习惯。
但需要注意的是，省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去，省略不能改变原文的意义。
现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨省略法：省略法是指在翻译中，原文中有些词在译文中可以省略，不必翻译出来。
因为译文中虽然没有这个词，但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思，或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的'。
(一)省代词1.省略作主语的人称代词(1)省略作主语的人称代词根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复出现。
英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译时常常可以省略。
Ihadmanywonderfulideas,butIonlyputafewintopractice.我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。
(2)英语中，泛指人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。
Weliveandlearn.活到老，学到老。
Whenwillhearrive?—Youcannevertell.他什么时候到?——说不准。
2.省略作宾语的代词英语中有些作宾语的代词，不管前面是否提到过，翻译时往往可以省略。
Pleasetakeofftheoldpictureandthrowitaway.请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。
3.省略物主代词英语句子中的物主代词出现的频率相当高。
一个句子往往会出现好几个物主代词，如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来，那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。
所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下，在翻译时物主代词大多被省略。
Iputmyhandintomypocket.我把手放进口袋。
(二)代词it的省略it起着代词的作用，在译文中，当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候，往往可以省略。
Outsideitwaspitchdarkanditwasrainingcatsanddogs.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。
省译法
4、省略冠词
英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译 汉时往往要将冠词省略。相反，汉译英时，多 要增加冠词，也就是增译法中的增加冠词。 1). A book is useful. 书（是）有用（的）。 2). The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。
3). A teacher should have patience in his work. 当教员的应当有耐心。（不定冠词A） 4). The girl standing at the window is his girlfriend. 站在窗口的（那个）女孩是他女朋友。 此句中girl后有定语，汉译时定冠词The 可省 也可保留。）
8. 正是呢！我一见了妹妹，一心都在他身上 了，又是喜欢，又是伤心，竟忘记了老祖 宗。该打，该打！ ―Of course,‖ she said, ―I was so carried away by joy and sorrow at sight of my little cousin, I forgot our Old Ancestress. I deserve to be caned.‖ ―Yes, of course. It was just that seeing my little cousin here put everything else out of my mind. It made me want to laugh and cry all at the same time. I’ m afraid I quite forgot about you, Grannie dear. I deserve to be spanked, don’t I?‖
After-class work
英语翻译技巧第十节省略法
第十节省略法省略是删去一些可有可无的，或违背译文语言习惯的词.一．从语法角度来看（一）省代词1.省略作主语的人称代词（1）英语中通常每句都有主语，如主语不变，译成汉语时不必重复.1）He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable。
2）But it's the way I am， and try as I might，I haven’t been able to change it.3）They had murdered his father， they had taken the best of him， they had crushed his whole family。
4）Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread—and-butter, but there was nowhere to put it and she couldn't possibly throw it away。
1)他消瘦而憔悴，(）看上去很惨。
2)但我就是这个脾气，（）虽然几经努力，（）却未能改变过来。
3)他们害死了他的父亲,(）榨干了他的精力，(）毁了他的全家.4)这时劳拉宁愿(）手里没有这块涂上黄油的面包,拿着又没有地方放，（）又不可能扔掉.作业:1.I am 78 years old； I have been confined to my room witha paralytic stroke for the past 14 months.2. Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he onlyput a few into practice。
3. We can measure the amount of water in a pot， but we can’t measure its heat. We haven’t an instrument for that。
英译汉翻译技巧省略法
英译汉翻译技巧省略法省略法(omission)是为了行文的简洁和更符合目的与习惯，将一些重复的词语或一些已被涵盖的意义省去的翻译方法，而原文的意义并未因此受到任何损失。
1.When she could no longer decide, she became depressed. Whenever Dwight picked up the baby to take him to his place or to the doctor’s for a checkup, she felt relief.她无法抉择，心情压抑，而前夫马赛一把孩子接走或是送到诊所接受检查她就会有一种轻松感。
2.Rupert with his flexible young knees sat in a hunch-and-crouch pose in imitation of the natives.鲁珀特年龄小，双膝柔韧，学着当地人的样子，弓背缩身地跪坐着。
3.Stainless steel possess good hardness and high strength.不锈钢硬度大，强度高。
4.Penicillin works by not allowing a bacterium to build its cell wall.青霉素的作用是不让细菌制造细胞壁。
5. This is the solid rocky bottom under the ooze and mud of the ocean floor.海底软泥和泥层下面是坚硬的岩石层。
6. There is a 30% increase of our installed capacity with this year.今年，我们的装机容量增加了 30%。
7.在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的的错误。
We must avoid making mistakes in our work.8.质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电也不带阴电。
英语翻译之省略法
• 从语法和修辞的角度看，省略有下列几种情况： • ⑴省译冠词 • 英语中冠词用得很多，汉语中却没有冠词。汉译英时要 注意加上名词前面的冠词，而英译汉时，冠词往往可以 省译。 • 例：The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substance. • 化学反应的速度和反应物的浓度成正比。 • The basic function of the triode is as an amplifier. • 三极管的基本功能是作电流放大器。 • ⑵省译介词 • 英语中，词与词的关系通常是用介词来表示的。而汉语 中，词与词的关系是通过语序和逻辑关系
②重复动词的省译。
• 在复合句中，如果从句中的谓语动词与主 句中的相同，往往省略不译。 • 例：When heated, gases act in exactly the same way as liquid acts. • 气体受热时所发生的变化与液体完全一样。
• 在实践中，动词省译还见于下列两种情况： • •某些系动词，如be, become, get等，如以形容 词或介词短语作表语时，这类动词常可省译。 • 例：The stages of rocket get smaller towards the top. • 愈朝顶端，火箭的级就愈小。 • •动词与具体动作意味的名词连用。 • 例：Let’s make an adjustment. • 让我们调整一下吧。
• He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.(省略作主语的人称代词) • We live and learn.（泛指的人称代词作主语） • Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.省略泛指的人称代词 • The more he tried to hide his warts，the more he revealed them.(省略作宾语的代词）)
英译汉翻译技巧——省略法
省略法
首先请试译下面的句子：
Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory.
译文一：约翰博士一到实验室，他就继续做实验。 译文二：约翰博士一到实验室就继续做实验。
译文一将主从句的主语都译出，貌似“忠 实”，但产生歧义，可能让人以为“他”和”语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往可 将冠词省略。
A teacher should have patience in his work. 当教员的应当有耐心。（省略不定冠词A）
It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.
试比较：……树叶从树上落下来，草也枯死了。 前者简明洗炼。
小结
1. 省译法不是任意省略、删减。从以上各例句中 不难看出，某些词语如果不删减，译文必定不够简 洁，或累赘不堪，甚至影响整体意思的表达。采用 省略法不仅使译文读起来流畅、自然，而且突出了 原文的整体意思。 2. 应该特别注意的是，省略绝不能影响原文的中 心思想和整体意思，否则就是违背“忠实”这一基 本原则。从原则上讲，翻译不能对原文内容作任何 删减，所以，采用省略法必须以不损害原文的内容 为前提。 3. 与增译法（amplification)相比,减省的情况要 少得多，所以，省略法要慎用，绝不可想删就删， 随心所欲。
Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟。
（六）省略动词
英语句子中一般必须有谓语动词。而汉语的谓语 并不一定非由动词充当，形容词和名词等同样可 以作谓语。
When the pressure gets low, the boilingpoint becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。
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第十节省略法省略是删去一些可有可无的，或违背译文语言习惯的词。
一．从语法角度来看（一）省代词1.省略作主语的人称代词（1）英语中通常每句都有主语，如主语不变，译成汉语时不必重复。
1）He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 2）But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.3）They had murdered his father, they had taken the best of him, they had crushed his whole family.4）Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhere to put it and she couldn’t possibly throw it away.1)他消瘦而憔悴，（）看上去很惨。
2)但我就是这个脾气，（）虽然几经努力，（）却未能改变过来。
3)他们害死了他的父亲，（）榨干了他的精力，（）毁了他的全家。
4)这时劳拉宁愿（）手里没有这块涂上黄油的面包，拿着又没有地方放，（）又不可能扔掉。
作业：1.I am 78 years old; I have been confined to my room with a paralytic stroke for the past 14 months.2. Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.3. We can measure the amount of water in a pot, but we can’t measure its heat. We haven’t an instrument for that.4. The Grand Dukes always liked new ideas, and later they were good friends of Galileo.（2）泛指的英语人称代词作主语时，即使是第一个主语，汉译时也可省略。
1）We live and learn.2) You can never tell it’s good to be famous.3) Even as the doctor was recommending rest, he knew that this in itself was not enough, that one could never get real rest without a peaceful mind.4) All those years in the military, where there were certain standards and rules; where young men treated their superiors with respect; where you gave an order and it was obeyed; where a uniform meant you were all onthe same side.1) （）活到老，学到老。
2）（）很难说出名是好事。
3）尽管医生建议休息，他也知道休息本身是不够的，如果心情不平静，（）是休息不好的。
4）多年来的军队生涯，那里总是有一定的标准和规则；年轻人尊敬上级，（）发出的命令，人人遵守；同样的制服就意味着( )站在同一边。
2.省略作宾语的代词1）The more he tried to hide his faults, the more he revealed them.2) She laid her hand lightly on the boy’s a rm as if to thank him for it.3) In fact, Hitler’s “blitz” carried him so far, to the very gate of Leningrad by September, a city he was never to seize.1）他越是要掩盖他的过错，就越是会暴露（）。
2）她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢（）。
3）事实上希特勒所进行的“闪电战”曾（）深入苏境，九月份已直逼列宁格勒-----一座他始终未能攻陷的城市。
作业：1. I’ve received your letter and read it with delight.2.If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.3. You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again.4. In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say openly that he accepted them.3.省略物主代词1）So the train came, he kissed his little sister lovingly, and put his arms about his mother’s neck and then was away.2) Entering the garden, she felt the flowers were growing in her eyes and in her fingers.3) It was his turn to answer a question. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes to the ceiling, but said nothing.1) 于是火车来了，他爱抚地亲了一下小妹妹，用两条胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后就走了。
2）走进花园，她觉得眼里和手里都长着花儿。
3）轮到他回答问题。
他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天花板，一句话也不说。
作业：1.He put up his hand in a salute.2.In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia.3.He sat , cursing himself, till his phone rang.4.Her dark hair waved untidy across her broadforehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight..（二）省略非人称的或强势句中的it1.非人称用it1) Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.2) He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15.3) It was growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.1)外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。
2）他一看表，是七点一刻了。
3）她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。
2.强势用it1）It was only then that I began to have doubts whetherI would tell my story to my friends.2）It was with some difficulty that he found the way tohis own house.3）Peter has always enjoyed claiming that it was he and not George, who was the first to reach the summit of the mountain.1)只是在这个时候，我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟能不能告诉朋友。
2)他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。
3)彼得一直津津乐道的是，第一个到达山顶的实际上并不是乔治，而是他自己。
作业：1.It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast.2.It is only shallow people who judge by appearances.3.It is in the plant that we work together with the workers.4.Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.（三）省略连接词1.省略并列连接词1）He looked gloomy and troubled.2）Despite the cold weather with snow and rain, and approaching final exams, students still smile in thecampus.3）He considered National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much.4）Your son or your father or your wife or your cousin or your best friend or your boss or your secretary might tell on you.1)他看上去有些忧愁不安。
2)尽管天气寒冷，雨雪交加，期末考试临近，校园里学生们照常面带笑容。
3)他认为国家安全委员会机构太庞大，人多嘴杂，容易泄密。
4)你的儿子，你的父亲，你的妻子，你的表亲，你的好友，你的上司，你的秘书，都可能告发你。