汇识学院：探秘3dsMax渲染-连载中
3dsMax三维建模与渲染技巧总结
3dsMax三维建模与渲染技巧总结Chapter 1: Introduction to 3ds Max3ds Max is a professional software widely used in the field of 3D modeling and rendering. With its powerful features and user-friendly interface, it has become a popular choice for artists and designers. In this chapter, we will explore the basic functions and capabilities of 3ds Max.1.1 Overview of 3ds Max- 3ds Max is a comprehensive 3D modeling, animation, and rendering software developed by Autodesk.- It provides a wide range of tools and functions for creating realistic 3D models, animations, and visual effects.- 3ds Max is commonly used in industries such as architecture, gaming, film, and television.1.2 Interface and Navigation- The 3ds Max interface consists of various panels and menus, allowing users to access different tools and functions.- Users can navigate the 3D viewport using keyboard shortcuts, mouse controls, and navigation tools like Pan, Zoom, and Orbit.- Understanding the interface and navigation techniques is crucial for efficient workflow in 3ds Max.Chapter 2: 3D Modeling TechniquesIn this chapter, we will delve into various 3D modeling techniques utilized in 3ds Max. These techniques will help users create intricate and accurate 3D models for their projects.2.1 Polygon Modeling- Polygon modeling is one of the most common techniques used in 3ds Max.- Users can create complex shapes by manipulating vertices, edges, and faces of a polygonal mesh.- Tools such as Extrude, Bevel, and Bridge can be used to add details and refine the model.2.2 NURBS Modeling- Non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) modeling is ideal for creating smooth and organic surfaces.- NURBS surfaces are defined by control points and curves that can be manipulated to create complex shapes.- This technique is commonly used for designing products, vehicles, and characters.2.3 Sculpting- Sculpting allows artists to use virtual clay tools to shape and refine their models.- 3ds Max provides sculpting tools like the Clay Brush, Inflate, and Smooth to add details and create realistic surfaces.- This technique is particularly useful for character modeling and organic forms.Chapter 3: Texturing and MaterialsThe process of adding textures and materials to 3D models is crucial to enhance their visual appeal. In this chapter, we will explore the various texturing and material creation techniques in 3ds Max.3.1 UV Mapping- UV mapping is the process of unwrapping a 3D model's surface into a 2D plane to apply textures accurately.- Users can create UV coordinates and adjust them to minimize texture distortion.- 3ds Max provides tools for automatically generating UV maps or manually adjusting them.3.2 Material Creation- 3ds Max offers a library of pre-made materials that users can apply to their models.- Users can also create custom materials by adjusting intrinsic properties like diffuse color, reflectance, and transparency.- The Material Editor allows users to create complex shaders by combining various maps and procedural textures.3.3 Texture Mapping- Texture mapping involves applying 2D images or procedural textures to the surface of a 3D model.- Users can use tools like the UVW Map modifier and texture coordinates to precisely position and scale textures.- Texture maps such as Diffuse, Specular, Normal, and Bump can be used to enhance the realism of the model.Chapter 4: Rendering TechniquesRendering is the final step in creating a 3D model and bringing it to life. In this chapter, we will explore different rendering techniques and settings in 3ds Max.4.1 Render Engines- 3ds Max supports multiple render engines, such as Arnold, V-Ray, and Mental Ray.- Each render engine has its own set of settings and capabilities, allowing users to achieve different visual results.4.2 Lighting- Proper lighting is essential for creating realistic and visually appealing renders.- 3ds Max provides various types of lights, including omni, spot, and directional lights, as well as daylight systems.- Users can adjust the intensity, color, and positioning of lights to achieve the desired lighting effects.4.3 Global Illumination and Ambient Occlusion- Global illumination simulates the way light interacts with the environment, creating realistic and soft shadows.- Ambient occlusion is a technique that enhances the depth and shading of objects by simulating indirect light.- Both global illumination and ambient occlusion can greatly improve the realism of rendered images.ConclusionIn this article, we have covered the fundamental aspects of 3ds Max, including its interface, modeling techniques, texturing and material creation, and rendering techniques. By mastering these skills, designers and artists can create stunning 3D models and visual effects for various industries. Remember, practice is key to becoming proficient in using3ds Max, so keep exploring and experimenting with this powerful software.。
3ds max渲染
（6）、Box Selected(边界盒选择）对当前选择物体的边界盒（白色外框）区域进行渲 染。渲染开始时会弹出一个对话框，用于指定渲染图像的高度和宽度,并且还含 Constrain
Aspect Ratio (约束纵横比例）的选项。
（7）、Region Selected(当前选择区域）对当前选择物体所在区域进行渲染,选择了一 个或多个物体后， 由所选物体的边界盒确定渲染区域，区域内的所有物体都会进行渲染。 如果未选中任何物体，会自动渲染整个场景，选择的物体与 Selected（当前选择）渲染方
第十章
第九章 第一节 第二节
渲染与输出
第三节 第四节 第五节 练习题
：
渲染就是依据所指定的材质，所使用的灯光，以及诸如背景与大气等环境的设
置，将在场景中创建的几何体实体化显示出来。通过渲染场景对话框来创建渲染并将
它们保存到文件中，渲染的结果还能够通过虚拟帧缓存器显示在屏幕内。 渲染能够在多外理器设置上多思路多步骤地进行，一台双处理器的Windows NT 系统可以比单独处理器系统节省将近一半的渲染时间。渲染还可以通过网络执行在多
3、Render Type(渲染类型）
在渲染工具中央，还有一个决定渲染类型的下拉选单，提供８种不同的渲染类型，主
要用于控制渲染图像的尺寸和内容，如图所示。
（1）、View(视图）对当前激活全部内容进行渲染，是默认渲染类型。
（2）、Selected(当前选择）只对当前激活视图中选择的物体进行渲染。
（3）、Region(区域）只对当前激活视图中，所指定区域进行渲染。进行这种类型的渲 染时，会在激活视图中出现一个虚线框，用来调节要渲染的区域，按下右下角的OK 钮可以 对此区域执行渲染。这种渲染仍保留渲染设置的图像尺寸，周围区域是黑色的。
3DsMAX渲染基础剖析
学习目标
1. 2. 3. 4.
理解渲染的用途 掌握渲染器类型及转换方法 掌握渲染的基本设置 能够根据需求渲染出相应的效果图
对制作好的场景进行渲染
当用户设置好灯光、材质以及动画后，就需要进行渲染来得到最终的 表现效果。渲染可以将场景中所包含的颜色信息、阴影、特效等通过 图像或者是动画的形式表现出来。渲染的图像会显示在3ds Max的渲 染帧窗口中，用户可以将渲染的结果保存为各种格式。 学习建议 3ds Max提供了两种渲染器，一种是默认使用的扫描线渲染器，一种 是mental ray渲染器。本节将向读者介绍最常用的扫描线渲染器。学 习本节内容时，读者应该着重掌握渲染场景的基本方法，以及“渲染 场景”对话框中的一些基本设置。
在场景中创建完成模型后，还要将其表现出来，以 方便用户更直观地查看场景效果。而表现的方法即 是渲染。渲染场景是制作效果图很重要的一步，如 果渲染设置不当，即是模型再好、材质调配得再逼 真、灯光布置得再合理，渲染效果也不会理想。
4.渲染设置
1.
渲染工具: 3ds Max 2009的渲染工具栏位于主工具栏右端， 其中第一个按钮能打开“渲染设置”对话框（快捷 键【F10】），可修改渲染器等属性。 第二个按钮是“渲染帧窗口”，可查看上一张渲染 效果图。 第三个按钮是“渲染产品”。
核心知识点
1．“采样质量”卷展栏
2．“渲染算法”卷展栏
案例拓展练习——mental ray的全局照明
如果要使用默认的扫描线渲染器进行室内场景渲染，需要创建多个灯 光来为场景提供照明。而mental ray渲染器带有全局光照功能，可以 在只有少量灯光的条件下为室内场景提供全局照明。
3ds max学习课件11渲染基础
渲染效果
场景中偏黄，主要因为太阳光的颜色影响，也因为某些材质的影响，这里 将除了玻璃材质和金属材质的其他材质的【Color Bleed Scale】（颜色溢出比 例）设置得低一些，具体数值请读者把握，设置完毕后重新设置并计算
环境和效果对话框
执行菜单栏【Rendering】（渲染）/【Environment】（环境）命令， 或敲击键盘上的8键，可以打开【Environment and Effects】（环境和效果） 对话框，这里主要了解【Common Parameters】（公用参数）卷展栏和 【Exposure Control】（曝光控制）卷展栏。 1 、公用参数卷展栏 【Common Parameters】（公用参数）卷展栏如图25-15所示。这里用于 设置背景及全局照明的相关参数。
渲染类型
主工具栏的 和 之间有一个 择不同，渲染的取舍不同。 （视图）渲染类型列表，这里的选
在（视图）列表中，选择【Selected】（选择的）项，在视图中随意选 择一个几何体对象，进行渲染，渲染后的效果如下图。
渲染效果
使用【Region】（范围）选框进行渲染。
范围选择及渲染的效果
3 、公用面板 打开【Render Scene】（渲染场景）对话框，默认处于【Common】 （公用）面板下，在该面板下，【Assign Renderer】（指定渲染器）卷展 栏的用法已经介绍，这里只需要了解【Common Parameters】（公用参数） 卷展栏，以组为划分的卷展栏。
公用参数卷展栏
4 、渲染器面板 单击【Render Scene】（渲染场景）对话框顶端的【Renderer】（渲染 器），即可切换到【Renderer】（渲染器Biblioteka 面板，这里仅需要了解两个组的 设置。
3DSMAX灯光渲染篇PPT
5
应用 主光是三点光照中的主要
部分，其应用也最广泛。它是 场景中最主要、最光亮的光， 负责照亮主角，所以主光的选 取极其重要， 是光照质量的决定性因素，是 场景气氛的主导因素，是角色 感情的重要表现因素。下面单 从主光使用的角度说主光的用 法。
个图像的外观是至关重要的。在一些情况下，唯一的目标是清晰地看到一个或 几个物体，但通常并非如此，实际目标是相当复杂的。
灯光有助于表达一种情感，或引导观众的眼睛到特定的位置。可以为场景 提供更大的深度，展现丰富的层次。因此，在为场景创建灯光时，你可以自问， 要表达什么基调？你所设置的灯光是否增进了故事的情节？
● 自由聚光灯 ● 目标聚光灯 ● 自由有向光源 ● 目标有向光源 ● 泛光灯
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设置灯光(1)：目标聚光灯
聚光灯投射非平行光
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设置灯光(1)：自由 聚光灯
自由聚光灯，没有目标点。通过旋转调整方向。
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设置灯光(1)：目标有向光源
有向光源产生平行光，用来模拟太阳光。
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设置灯光(1)：自由有向光源
果，可以将环境光的颜色设置为接近主光的颜色。 3. 模拟室内效果时，一般不使用环境光。
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灯光参数
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课堂练习一 聚光灯位置
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课堂练习二 聚光区与衰减区
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课堂练习三 灯光投影
25
灯光阴影
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课堂练习一 灯光阴影参数
27
课堂讲解 负光
28
课堂练习二 光线追踪投影类型
29
渲染部分
3dsmax渲染（3dsmaxrender）
3dsmax渲染（3dsmax render）300 questions about 3DSMAX rendering1. After I render it, there are a lot of jagged teeth which I can't stand. What's the reason for this? I've added nodes!Answer: under the render menu, select the SMOOTH project.2. Please point out how to import the plan into the background of the sceneAnswer: the selected view is (can be any point of view), according to the Alt+B, or in the background rendering, command, click the Files picture file in the pop-up window, then select the DisplayBackground (background), other settings due to circumstances. Setup completed.3. How do I use 3DMAX to output a transparent PHOTOSHOP file or transparent file?Answer: 3DMAX cannot output Photoshop files, but supports transparent channels. Besides, what do you do for that purpose? Photoshop is usually made of material, and then call with 3dmax.Or: use 3DSMAX output as *.TIF file, the file format will retain transparent channel, opened with PHOTOSHOPE, you can see in the access panel. What effect do you do, if you just want to get the.Gif file, you can put pictures in PHOTOSHOP to go, and then use the magic wand to remove the black background, and then save the file format for.GIF. can not get a transparent.GIF format file?A transparent background is generated in 3DMAX, most of which is to do video post synthesis in non-linear editing software. The TGA image sequence frame of 32bit should be generated. If the image is 24bit, the background is still opaque4. I set the size of the animation in AVI format to 800*600. Why did the rendered animation quality be poor and there was some jitter?! Excuse me, but where exactly is this not set up?!Answer: you must have chosen the compression program! You'd better not compress or use the default compression when exporting animation! (if the hard disk space is enough!) After the point save, the selection compression program appears at the point setup.5. Why do I make max4 objects in perspective that are made up of multiple diagonal facets?Answer: point material renderer,Basic parameters------shading------phong, just OK!6. How do I add a sound file to the animation process?Answer: there are two ways, one is in the editor using the wav file or metronome, but this material is too simple and sparse, two, my favorite is the synthesis in Primere, this method is very easy to use.7. 3D Max 4 has two kinds of simulated depth method is what?Answer: 1: has a function to open this button in the camera roll exhibition, a simulation module 2: in depth rendering sub menu editor environment under the camera! More accurate, faster.8. Ask your experts, how can you render the background is transparent?. That is, there is no background, not white or blackAnswer: it JPEG, help select output transparent image "in the PHOTOSHOP 6 menu, became. Video software post-processing, you can add alpha channels9. Can you tell me how to make 3ds Max render faster? Can I render it with other software?Answer: reduce unnecessary material and some unnecessary objects can improve speed, improve the computer configuration is also possible, you can use Lightscape rendering, the effect is very good.The optimization of skin, is your layout object, you can try to reduce the value of shape and path, of course, the premise is not to damage your shape, because it is set in the SKIN PARAMETERS, so I would say that the optimization of SKIN, which has a OPTIMIZE SHAPES, you choose that one is optimal.10. Why does my model work differently in different views? In front view, rendering works very well! Quite normal! But in perspective, after rendering, it's deformed! Some things didn't show up!Some things are incomplete Is it the problem with my graphics card?Answer: the view is different, of course, the effect is different, different vision represents different directions and faces. You can hide all the objects first, then restore the view, and finally unhide all, and then the full view.11. How to make the background of 3dsmax's output graph transparent, only the thing I painted and no background, in the process of animation, can again group, without affecting the animation has been completedAnswer: you can use the TARGE storage mode, to AFTER EFFECT software, rendering into a channel AVI, you can.12. Who can tell me the functions and uses of video compositing?Answer: video post is equivalent to Photoshop filter, it is in video post, every render 1 frames, and then add the special effects you set, such as lens halo, luminous effect, etc.. Please refer to the relevant Max books for specific operations.In video post, you can add a lot of dazzling special effects, the guests of your work after processing. Of course, you must first understand the usefulness of those parameters, and the use of Track view for your post synthesis plays a decisive role.13. What compression method is best for 3dmax4 rendering animation?Answer: avi, because most playback software supports it.14. The renderer plugin is installed. Where do you choose the renderer in MAX4.02?Answer: in the render settings, but you want to have other renderer installed15. Lightscape, what is it?Answer: Lightscape is not a plugin, but an independent rendering software. It has only rendering capabilities, no modeling capabilities, and can only render good 3D models. It is commonly used in conjunction with modeling software 3DMAX and CAD.16. Why can't I render the filter effect with the floodlight?There is a pickup light in it, and you can click on it to select the floodlight17. Could you tell me why the lens effect flare I added in video post is not visible after rendering in quick render?Answer: if you add this effect, you can't render it on the small teapot on the toolbar. You should click on the villain icon on the VIEWPOST toolbar to render it.18. Video Post's lens glow has the option of object ID. Who knows how to set the ID number for an object?Answer: right click objects, select attributes, in the pop-up dialog box, you can define the object ID number.19. Is the rendering time of the 3DMAX inaccurate? Time per frame is OK. How long have you been using the time and the rest of the time?Answer: he calculates the average time used for each frame. The first frames are always incorrect, but the latter is fine!20. which prawns know the problem of rendering with mental ray? (3dsmax4.0)Answer: 1. Shader: Strauss shader is not supported. (you can use all other Shader type)2.MaterialsBlend material: no Mix, just render material 1. (can be used by Photosho)Matte/shadow material: you cannot use Ray - Trace map when using this option. (you can use Flat mirror or Reflect/refract map)Morpher, Shellac material: not supported.Raytrace Material: applied to the Lection or Refraction map section.3.MapAadobe, Photoshop/Premere, Plug-in, Filter, map: not supported.Bitmap: JPEG is not supported.Brick map: it can be supported, but the effect is not very satisfactory. (depending on the situation, there are restrictions on the use)Flat mirror map: no effects are displayed in the first Frame. (except for the first Frame, it works well.)Gradient Ramp/paint map: not supported.Raytrace map: ignore arguments.(在mental ray rendering选项中调节) 即, 可直接运用, 没必要调整参数.refraction: 不支持 hin wall map.3dmax使用300问 - (2) - > > 渲染部分返回21.我做好图后, 渲染很慢, 有时要好几个小时, 请问有什么办法能使它快一些的, 有没有插件之类的能用的答: 如果很复杂, 渲染速度满是正常现象.一般有几个原因会造成这种情况:1电脑配置不够高或硬件配置不合理, 不知你的配置如何?2多边形物体没有优化, 比如物体的段数, 造成渲染时面数过多, 可有可无的线结构就删除它, 也可以把段数设少些, 这样物体表明看起来不平整, 可用材质修改器: smooth进行平滑3对于镜像贴图, raytraced和flat mirrort效果差不多, 但raytraced (光线跟踪贴图) 渲染时比后者要慢很多, 如果不是太精细的图形, 建议使用flat mirror.22.想请教3dmax4中如何导出图形, 希望图形文件大一些, 用于扩展, 最后用于印刷怎么做?答: 打开渲染设置, 你要多大的图都可以, 渲染后设置你喜欢的格式保存即可.一般我打0号图渲染设置4000 * 3000.23.作动画时怎么切换, 比如再教室外然后再进教室里, 怎么办呀?答: 在不同的地方设置不同的摄像头, 在不同的摄像头设置不的关键帧.24.经常用3d max画建筑效果图, 但是在渲染欧式建筑及中国古建筑时非常慢, 有时需要等4、5个小时, 我的机器配置不算低, 有哪位大师肯告知?答: 可以尝试一下使用mental ray进行渲染, 效果应该不错, 软件可以到视觉中国下载.尽可能把模型的面数做少, 灯光一定要精减.材质也尽可能不用光能追踪用反射贴图、镜反射.25. "发光效果: glow" 可以给任何对象增加发光效果.但我不知道"glow" 在什么地方可以找到, 望所有知道的朋友给我帮助.谢谢. 9.答: 发光效果在 "rendering 菜单中下" video "post".26.我的3d max 在作 4.02 "video" post "中的 lens effects glow", "highlight 等效果时在 lens effects", "preview" 和渲染时都能看到, 为什么就是无法输出到avi文件里呢?答: 须将输出文件与效果项并列.27.我只会设定整个场景模糊, 但我要的是单独一个物体在运动中产生模糊效果, 如飞机螺旋桨.答: 在物体上点右键可以找到模糊参数的, 在渲染菜单上也有, 找一下就可以了.28.见不到玻璃本身.渲染时一片漆黑的?答: 一、改变渲染背景, 二、加一张背景图.29.为什么用ray渲染画面全黑?答: 如果你是说的mently ray, 那很可能是没有安装mently ray的保护服务器. .30.怎样用max作出比较真实的火来? ????答: 很简单啊. 实在不象用photoshop处理啊. 你可以用环境光来设置, 大气效果加体光勉强可以的.31.你们怎么可以装上mental ray?1: 安装mental ray 不能启动3dmax的原因有两个a你安装的版本不对, 因为对于3.1和4.0的3dmax需要不同的mental ray 版本(b 在mental ray 的安装目录下的bin目录的ray.exe文件应该用修改过的文件替换, 同样rayserver.exe也要用修改的server.exe替换For your wrong installation, the Max can not be started. You can modify the registry after the install, and delete the max key,32., the configuration of my computer is: P4, 1.7G, 512DDR, ATA133, 60G (7200), Eyre sand, Q2, MXR/32M-6, Gigabyte's 845D (1150 ocean)?. When you run the 300000 side, you are already powerless. Why is that? I use the operating system is WIN2000, 3DMAX4.0 English version. Please expert adviceDo you mean that the rendering is still too slow to update in the diagram, and the amount of such a large number of surface cuts is very large at that time. When you run, do you observe the flash of the hard disk lamp? Yes, it may be virtual within inches at work, even though you have 512M DDR but the real use of how many, don't forget to windows regardless of your inner size is much, it will use virtual memory, intended to use to build within the optimization software of the virtual memory to turn off. To some extent, it can increase the speed ofoperation. Don't do this with small memory 256M!33. I installed a MENTALRAY. As a result, MAX can no longer start.I unloaded the MAX and reinstalled it. This time the KEYGEN produced CODE, and the computer denied it. Is it necessary to force me to reinstall the WIN2000? I can't help it anymore.Your question I have confused (supposedly whether you installed for3.1 Mr or for4 Mr should not boot max. Especially the former, in the MR for max4 interface has not come out, we are the first to install MR for max3.1 interface, and then through the upgrade program to make it work in max4 but also has never encountered a situation that can't start) two declassified documents plus Mr not installed will not affect to Max when you start at rendering suggest that the two file is not loaded. So these things should be drained out. Yes, and now you are really not good to answer this question, if you want to modify the registry, I think the problem must be resolved, there is no way, but also from the installation of Win2000, and then look at the problem to solve. What experience and lessons should we draw from you? What you do have to think twice, like you in this matter there are many ways to save (you should not delete the max if it is busy, but Max could not start because the tip defect dynamic link files the most simple approach is to use shift+delete directly to delete Max's folder, it will not reinstall max the required registration code, and add delete the reload Max also has the effect of different approaches but equally satisfactory results)So what you should do in the future is..:1: Bahrain WIN2000, Max and commonly used software, immediately use ghost C to clone C all files but also add up to six hundred or seven hundred megabytes of hard disk speed stuff, then three or four minutes to fix (reinstall the system just like you install a max4 with the time almost)When 2: is normal, you must remember to export the registry of the system, so that you can recover if anything goes wrong34. Can 3DS render animations with alpha channels?Yes, in videopost.35. I make 3D rendering backgrounds are black, how to change the background ah?. Consult your master.In the background dialog box, select "USE MAP" and then select the image file you want as the background36. Excuse me, how can you use the camera to make a big picture?Move the camera up to the top of the building, with a wide-angle lens, slightly downward, so that you don't know what it will do to you.37. Would you please tell me how to translate the animation intoa movie? If there are multiple animations, how do you want to merge? Thank youThere's a late video compositing software that tells jokes, I just use premireCan be rendered into a form, but it's too big. Is there any compression in 3D? It's avi38. I would like to ask you how to combine them after you have finished some animation with 3DMAX,Besides the VIDEO POSET of 3DMAX itself, what other methods can be used for synthesis?Hope to have expert advice one or two. Or any other software that can be used for later synthesis, and what software is it?.Thank you ~~~~~~~~~~~~With AE, CB, AM, such late software can beAdobe effects company after produced, dedicated to complete the task you requested, I heard that now all out to 539. After you finish an animation with 3DMAX. Would like to further deal with his later effects. What software should I use?. How to achieve the best results?.Max's video40. Can you tell me how to make particles emit colored light?.In videopost, add halo effect to the ion, or give the ion to the material. Adding glowy in the effect is also good. The global illumination is a little smaller, and the element'sluminescence is a little bigger3DMAX uses 300 -->> Q rendering part (3) return41. Want to know to do indoor renderings of the ceiling between the halo is how to do, please enlighten.Isn't it easy to do it in potoshop? Why do you do it in 3Dmax? And very slowly.If you really do not love to do with PS, then you put the lamp into a rectangular aperture (elongated halo), then adjust the parameters of it, but you have to be prepared for the light, and too many open shadow, although the effect is good, but slow enough.The light in 3dsmax use can be said to have Xiao He, Xiao He also lost, try a few times.42. I'm not used to 4. 0 of the operation, the machine also can not move, please ask MetalRay, for, 3dmax3.1?Yes, without changing the mentalray source, just download 3 of the interface, /bar_on_top.html on the top to find, and some43. Does the MetalRay renderer come with 4?Not here, here to download one,/soft/html/3764.htm44. I would like to ask you to do animation, if I want to do 150200 frames, how to set, and that is, if I have done a lot of frames of things, rather than in the same 3D file, how can I make them link up?To set up 150200 or more of the animation frames, frame is arranged on the lower right corner of the key frame has a Time Configuration button, click, open the Time Configuration dialog, the dialog box is the animation format, display time, speed, the number of animation frames, set key mode. Set the number in the Length.Merging multiple animation files can use the track view Track view. If it is only connected, it can be edited in Premiere after rendering it into a video file.45. How can I improve the resolution of the image? I see some works with the resolution of 300DPI.(picture format for storage with no attenuation format, such as TIF), on the map.46. When you're doing the smoke, you want to do something about the effect of the wind. What's the connection between the wind and the particles, and how do you make the smoke?With the help of tool face version of the two button warp link objects (that is connected by the connecting button object), as for the internal ion system of Max smoke, I do not think so, your satisfaction with afterburn effect.Here's the download: /, here's the profile: ///rjjs/cjzl/AfterBurnA.htmIt's nice to use a particle system for burning. Smoke is good, but you have to add glow. Remember to use the elements to shine. Is it not good to add to the menu?47. I have to study on the dynamics of but not very good to havea problem do not understand 3dmax4.0 Max added a more powerful function plugin (max comes with a very good use of his time) to control the system default, 100 'how to increase this value, by the time the zoom effect is not very good.Ask everyone to discuss how to increaseThe value of time (time:__) in the system?You said the dynamics of self generation of Max is very good? The stuff from max2.0 but not upgraded. It does not support the flexible dynamic function is too single. But max4.2 has integrated functions more powerful plugin, from rigid, flexible and even Everything is contained therein. fluid mechanics. As for the time to ask questions, you. Is a 4 or 4.2!4 is a test version can only simulate the 100 frames and 4.2 without limit in simulation, simulation tool face and senior version of the plugin settings in the third column of animation control can change the time settings, time scales in the set.48. In an animation process, setting different rendering frames, for example in an animation, how to play in the slow speed of change, but still need to keep 24 frames per second in playingspeed.Using the track view to edit the key, you can achieve the zoom time, control the number, look at the expression controller, OK, no more, the max script can be done49. Discussion about the renderer.The best quality is not BR, but it is the slowest. FR is the fastest, especially the global lighting, but the quality is generally the same. MR is one of the best renderer in the world, but many of its outstanding features have not been brought into max. Raytrace is its greatest advantage, but it is not practical and effective. Ls should be pretty good, but it hasn't been upgraded for a long time.Each of the above renderer has its own advantages and disadvantages. Personally, Mr has the best overall lighting effect, but it's too slow. Rayracte is also the best Mr, but the most promising non fr, as long as the operation and quality has improved, it will inevitably become the ultimate renderer max! Effect diagram does not have to say, LS preferred!Is there a renderer that can achieve the LS effect in max? If it does, it can be inverted and modifiedBr works well, but I can't stand the speed. Fr quality is poor, but can be used, of course, the effect is not comparable to LS, and in general, in Max, there is no more ideal renderer, which is the shortcomings of Max over the years, but I am more confident of fr!50. MR and LS which is better ah? People say MR is the global illumination, but I used to feel how MAX and renderer almost better, costs a lot of effort to put on, or I didn't set up? You, you usually are used to render what? If you have learned LS still need to use MR? Or is there a better recommendation?There's no mistake! MR is one of the best renderer in the world. You must not shoot good parameters. Many of its functions are closed by default. As for its rendering with LS renderings can also use it, but other rendering...... especially...... unless you have used low polygon for the game and real-time 3D modeling, otherwise low polygon modeling is a very large work, I suggest you use MR, and her strong is known global.Note: Lightscape is a stand-alone program that you have to make exact low polygon models in Max and export to Lightscape.You can also try FR, and she won't let you down! New features in the latest version supports up to more than 200 (the fastest ray tracing, global illumination, the fastest......) most worthy of mention is that it doesn't seem to support MR on Max is not complete, but a genuine and perfect Max joint Max plugin!51. Every time when rendering the display screen is not the same: the rendered objects can be seen for a while, while other was behind it; this can cover the object, object, see clearly in view as clear as noonday: (Okay！ There's something like that, mostly the problem of the graphical display (which means your operation doesn't meansoftware). If you don't move anything, each render is different, and this is the first time you've heard. But if the render result is different from the view display,See if you misuse lsolate (isolation). But more often than not, when you select something behind an object, the software will show you the selected item at the front (easy to operate).Apology: as a result of the reprint of the article without the author's permission, the author caused serious copyright infringement. Here, to the website and the article author A Long expresses the most sincere apology. After consultation with the author, the source of the article has been corrected and the author's column, and promised that such errors will not occur again in the future.。
3dmax渲染时模型消失的解决方法
3dmax渲染时模型消失的解决方法在使用3ds Max进行渲染时，有时可能会遇到模型消失的问题。
这可能是由于各种原因引起的，例如材质设置错误、灯光设置问题或者显示设置不正确等。
在本文中，我们将讨论几种可能的解决方法，以帮助您解决这个问题。
1. 检查材质设置：首先，确保您的模型已正确应用材质。
在3ds Max中，通过选择模型并转到“材质编辑器”来检查材质设置。
确保每个模型都具有正确的材质，并已正确应用到模型表面，以保证渲染时不会出现消失的情况。
2. 调整光照设置：光照是影响模型可见性的重要因素。
确保您的灯光设置正确。
您可以尝试调整环境光照、点光源或聚光灯等设置，以查看模型是否重新出现。
有时，灯光设置不正确可能导致模型消失或被过度照亮，因此需要仔细检查和调整。
3. 检查显示设置：有时，显示设置不正确可能导致模型无法正确显示。
在3ds Max中，您可以通过查看“显示器和窗口配置”来调整显示设置。
确保勾选了正确的选项，例如激活了“显示选择的对象”或“渲染选择的对象”等选项。
这些设置可以确保您选择的模型在渲染时显示出来。
4. 检查相机设置：相机设置也会影响模型的可见性。
确保您的相机设置正确，并且位于正确的位置和角度。
有时，错误的相机设置可能导致模型消失或无法正确渲染。
您可以尝试调整相机位置和角度，以查看模型是否重新出现。
5. 检查层和对象隐藏：在进行复杂的模型渲染时，有时会将某些对象或层隐藏起来以提高效率。
如果模型消失了，可能是因为它们被意外隐藏或放置在其他层中。
您可以检查层面板或使用“选择集”来查找并显示隐藏的对象。
确保将模型所在的层和对象显示出来，以便正确渲染。
综上所述，模型消失是3ds Max渲染中常见的问题，但是我们可以通过检查材质设置、调整光照设置、检查显示设置、调整相机设置以及检查隐藏的层和对象来解决它。
无论是初学者还是有经验的用户，都应注意这些因素，以确保模型在渲染时正确显示。
希望本文提供的解决方法能给您带来帮助，并使您的渲染工作更加顺利。
3ds Max 渲染参数
标准渲染渲染类型：在3ds Max中主要包括3种动画渲染类型：1、快速渲染——往往用于产品级别的测试渲染。
2、实时渲染——用于材质、灯光的效果调节。
3、最终渲染场景——最终的产品渲染，用于平面、视频的输出。
动作调节时用“快速渲染”，在材质调节时用“实时渲染”，在对产品整体调节时用“最终渲染”。
渲染产品：第一个渲染产品用于对产品级别的快速渲染；第二个渲染迭代会忽略文件输出、网格渲染、多帧渲染，导出到MI文件，以及电子邮件通知，在图像上进行快速迭代时使用该选项；第三个实时渲染用于实时渲染。
快速渲染不经过渲染设置，直接按当前设置进行渲染，如果有保存图像的设置，它也会自动执行。
渲染帧窗口：在渲染帧窗口的坐上角有一个“要渲染的区域”下拉选项，提供了5种渲染类型，它们只对除实时渲染外的渲染工具起作用。
“视图”：对当前激活视图全部内容进行渲染。
“选定”：对当前激活视图中被选择的对象进行渲染。
“区域”：对当前激活视图中的指定区域进行渲染。
“放大”：与区域渲染使用方法相同，不同的是渲染后图像的尺寸。
对于区域渲染，相当于在原效果图上切一块进行渲染；对于区域放大，是将这切下的一小块放大到最后的渲染尺寸，这种放大不是图像的像素放大，而是视野缩小，所以渲染图像的质量不变，仍是高清晰。
“裁剪”：只渲染选择的区域，并按区域面积进行裁剪，产生和框选区域等比例的图像。
“渲染设置”：“公用”（Common）选项卡1、“时间输出”（Time Output）：确定将要对哪些帧进行渲染。
a)“单帧”（Single）：只对当前帧进行渲染，得到静态图像。
b)“活动时间段”（active time segment）：对当前活动的时间段进行渲染，当前时间段来自屏幕下方时间滑块的显示。
c)“范围”（frames）：特殊指定单帧或时间段进行渲染，单帧用“，”号隔开，时间段用“-”连接。
例如1,3,5-12分别表示对第一帧、第三帧、第5~12帧之间进行渲染。
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江西省南昌市2015-2016学年度第一学期期末试卷（江西师大附中使用）高三理科数学分析一、整体解读试卷紧扣教材和考试说明，从考生熟悉的基础知识入手，多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力，立足基础，先易后难，难易适中，强调应用，不偏不怪，达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。
试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内，几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容，体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。
1．回归教材，注重基础试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则，尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及，其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景，把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中，使学生感受到了数学的育才价值，所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际，操作性强。
2．适当设置题目难度与区分度选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题，都是综合性问题，难度较大，学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及扎实深厚的数学基本功，而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法，否则在有限的时间内，很难完成。
3．布局合理，考查全面，着重数学方法和数学思想的考察在选择题，填空题，解答题和三选一问题中，试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。
包括函数，三角函数，数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。
这些问题都是以知识为载体，立意于能力，让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。
二、亮点试题分析1．【试卷原题】11.已知,,A B C 是单位圆上互不相同的三点，且满足AB AC →→=，则AB AC →→⋅的最小值为（ ）A ．14-B ．12-C ．34-D ．1-【考查方向】本题主要考查了平面向量的线性运算及向量的数量积等知识，是向量与三角的典型综合题。
解法较多，属于较难题，得分率较低。
【易错点】1．不能正确用OA ，OB ，OC 表示其它向量。
2．找不出OB 与OA 的夹角和OB 与OC 的夹角的倍数关系。
【解题思路】1．把向量用OA ，OB ，OC 表示出来。
2．把求最值问题转化为三角函数的最值求解。
【解析】设单位圆的圆心为O ，由AB AC →→=得，22()()OB OA OC OA -=-，因为1OA OB OC ===，所以有，OB OA OC OA ⋅=⋅则()()AB AC OB OA OC OA ⋅=-⋅-2OB OC OB OA OA OC OA =⋅-⋅-⋅+ 21OB OC OB OA =⋅-⋅+设OB 与OA 的夹角为α，则OB 与OC 的夹角为2α所以，cos 22cos 1AB AC αα⋅=-+2112(cos )22α=--即，AB AC ⋅的最小值为12-，故选B 。
【举一反三】【相似较难试题】【2015高考天津，理14】在等腰梯形ABCD 中,已知//,2,1,60AB DC AB BC ABC ==∠= ,动点E 和F 分别在线段BC 和DC 上,且,1,,9BE BC DF DC λλ==则AE AF ⋅的最小值为 .【试题分析】本题主要考查向量的几何运算、向量的数量积与基本不等式.运用向量的几何运算求,AE AF ，体现了数形结合的基本思想，再运用向量数量积的定义计算AE AF ⋅，体现了数学定义的运用，再利用基本不等式求最小值，体现了数学知识的综合应用能力.是思维能力与计算能力的综合体现. 【答案】2918【解析】因为1,9DF DC λ=12DC AB =，119199918CF DF DC DC DC DC AB λλλλλ--=-=-==， AE AB BE AB BC λ=+=+，19191818AF AB BC CF AB BC AB AB BC λλλλ-+=++=++=+，()221919191181818AE AF AB BC AB BC AB BC AB BCλλλλλλλλλ+++⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=+⋅+=+++⋅⋅ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭19199421cos1201818λλλλ++=⨯++⨯⨯⨯︒2117172992181818λλ=++≥+= 当且仅当2192λλ=即23λ=时AE AF ⋅的最小值为2918. 2．【试卷原题】20. （本小题满分12分）已知抛物线C 的焦点()1,0F ，其准线与x 轴的交点为K ，过点K 的直线l 与C 交于,A B 两点，点A 关于x 轴的对称点为D ． （Ⅰ）证明：点F 在直线BD 上； （Ⅱ）设89FA FB →→⋅=，求BDK ∆内切圆M 的方程. 【考查方向】本题主要考查抛物线的标准方程和性质，直线与抛物线的位置关系，圆的标准方程，韦达定理，点到直线距离公式等知识，考查了解析几何设而不求和化归与转化的数学思想方法，是直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题，属于较难题。
【易错点】1．设直线l 的方程为(1)y m x =+，致使解法不严密。
2．不能正确运用韦达定理，设而不求，使得运算繁琐，最后得不到正确答案。
【解题思路】1．设出点的坐标，列出方程。
2．利用韦达定理，设而不求，简化运算过程。
3．根据圆的性质，巧用点到直线的距离公式求解。
【解析】（Ⅰ）由题可知()1,0K -，抛物线的方程为24y x =则可设直线l 的方程为1x my =-，()()()112211,,,,,A x y B x y D x y -，故214x my y x =-⎧⎨=⎩整理得2440y my -+=，故121244y y m y y +=⎧⎨=⎩则直线BD 的方程为()212221y y y y x x x x +-=--即2222144y y y x y y ⎛⎫-=- ⎪-⎝⎭令0y =，得1214y yx ==，所以()1,0F 在直线BD 上.（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）可知121244y y m y y +=⎧⎨=⎩，所以()()212121142x x my my m +=-+-=-，()()1211111x x my my =--= 又()111,FA x y →=-，()221,FB x y →=-故()()()21212121211584FA FB x x y y x x x x m →→⋅=--+=-++=-，则28484,93m m -=∴=±，故直线l 的方程为3430x y ++=或3430x y -+=213y y -===±，故直线BD 的方程330x -=或330x -=，又KF 为BKD ∠的平分线，故可设圆心()(),011M t t -<<，(),0M t 到直线l 及BD 的距离分别为3131,54t t +--------------10分 由313154t t +-=得19t =或9t =（舍去）.故圆M 的半径为31253t r +== 所以圆M 的方程为221499x y ⎛⎫-+= ⎪⎝⎭【举一反三】【相似较难试题】【2014高考全国，22】 已知抛物线C ：y 2＝2px(p>0)的焦点为F ，直线y ＝4与y 轴的交点为P ，与C 的交点为Q ，且|QF|＝54|PQ|.（1）求C 的方程；（2）过F 的直线l 与C 相交于A ，B 两点，若AB 的垂直平分线l′与C 相交于M ，N 两点，且A ，M ，B ，N 四点在同一圆上，求l 的方程．【试题分析】本题主要考查求抛物线的标准方程,直线和圆锥曲线的位置关系的应用,韦达定理,弦长公式的应用,解法及所涉及的知识和上题基本相同. 【答案】（1）y 2＝4x. （2）x －y －1＝0或x ＋y －1＝0. 【解析】（1）设Q(x 0，4)，代入y 2＝2px ，得x 0＝8p，所以|PQ|＝8p ，|QF|＝p 2＋x 0＝p 2＋8p.由题设得p 2＋8p ＝54×8p ，解得p ＝－2(舍去)或p ＝2，所以C 的方程为y 2＝4x.（2）依题意知l 与坐标轴不垂直，故可设l 的方程为x ＝my ＋1(m≠0)． 代入y 2＝4x ，得y 2－4my －4＝0. 设A(x 1，y 1)，B(x 2，y 2)， 则y 1＋y 2＝4m ，y 1y 2＝－4.故线段的AB 的中点为D(2m 2＋1，2m)， |AB|＝m 2＋1|y 1－y 2|＝4(m 2＋1)．又直线l ′的斜率为－m ，所以l ′的方程为x ＝－1m y ＋2m 2＋3.将上式代入y 2＝4x ，并整理得y 2＋4m y －4(2m 2＋3)＝0.设M(x 3，y 3)，N(x 4，y 4)，则y 3＋y 4＝－4m，y 3y 4＝－4(2m 2＋3)．故线段MN 的中点为E ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2m2＋2m 2＋3，－2m ，|MN|＝1＋1m 2|y 3－y 4|＝4（m 2＋1）2m 2＋1m 2.由于线段MN 垂直平分线段AB ，故A ，M ，B ，N 四点在同一圆上等价于|AE|＝|BE|＝12|MN|，从而14|AB|2＋|DE|2＝14|MN|2，即 4(m 2＋1)2＋⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2m ＋2m 2＋⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2m 2＋22＝4（m 2＋1）2（2m 2＋1）m 4，化简得m 2－1＝0，解得m ＝1或m ＝－1， 故所求直线l 的方程为x －y －1＝0或x ＋y －1＝0.三、考卷比较本试卷新课标全国卷Ⅰ相比较，基本相似，具体表现在以下方面： 1. 对学生的考查要求上完全一致。
即在考查基础知识的同时，注重考查能力的原则，确立以能力立意命题的指导思想，将知识、能力和素质融为一体，全面检测考生的数学素养，既考查了考生对中学数学的基础知识、基本技能的掌握程度，又考查了对数学思想方法和数学本质的理解水平，符合考试大纲所提倡的“高考应有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度”的原则． 2. 试题结构形式大体相同，即选择题12个，每题5分，填空题4 个，每题5分，解答题8个（必做题5个），其中第22，23，24题是三选一题。
题型分值完全一样。
选择题、填空题考查了复数、三角函数、简易逻辑、概率、解析几何、向量、框图、二项式定理、线性规划等知识点，大部分属于常规题型，是学生在平时训练中常见的类型．解答题中仍涵盖了数列，三角函数，立体何，解析几何，导数等重点内容。
3. 在考查范围上略有不同，如本试卷第3题，是一个积分题，尽管简单，但全国卷已经不考查了。
四、本考试卷考点分析表（考点/知识点，难易程度、分值、解题方式、易错点、是否区分度题）。