中考英语完形填空试题类型与解题技巧

中考英语完形填空试题类型与解题技巧英语组庄英一、题型解读完形填空题是在单项选择基础上发展起来的介于单项选择和阅读理解之间的一种题型。

是一种集透彻理解原文和正确运用语言知识为一体的综合性很强的试题。

难度较大，选项迷惑性强，既考查学生的语言知识，又考查学生运用语言知识的能力，还考查他们的做题策略。

它题材广泛，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、传记故事等。

近几年在试题设计上选择学生感兴趣的热门话题以及语法等基础知识，并且要求学生具有语言知识辨析能力、语境把握能力、逻辑思维能力、信息快速查找能力和文化背景透析能力。

学生在做完形填空试题时往往表现出这样那样的问题：一是不善于把握语篇的主旨大意，对篇章整体的推断无法驾驭，出现偏差，理解方面甚至于文章的主题相悖。

二是容易受思维定势的干扰，分析语篇不透彻，忽视特定语境中英语知识的运用。

三是对完形填空试题怀有厌恶、恐惧心理，做题时处于被动的应付状态。

四是急于求成，欲速则不达。

有的学生试图“一步到位”，未通览全文就边读边填。

有的学生因为篇章中设置的空格颇多造成一个又一个理解障碍，担心通读文章抓不住大意反而会浪费时间，于是逐句地读，空格逐个地填，思路局限于孤独的词组和句子，结果是就句论句，理解偏离文章主题，无法形成连贯的思路，事倍功半。

五是有些学生对特定的语境不作深入理解，一看到熟悉的语法结构便不假思索，立即选定答案，导致“定势思维”错误。

六是有些学生碰到难题，思考良久，还是不能解决问题，浪费了宝贵的时间。

不言而喻，学生做题时所犯的这些通病是阻碍他们走向成功的绊脚石。

二、试题类型中考的完形填空主要考查以下几个方面的内容：1、词汇：考查的内容有近义词的区别、名词和代词、形容词和副词、介词和连词、动词和动词短语及词组的固定搭配和习惯用法。

2、语法：考查各种语法规则在文章中的运用。

其中包括名词的单复数、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级、动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词的用法等。

3、句型：考查学生在学习过程中接触到的许多特殊句型。

4、结构：文章中简单句的基本句型，句子和句子之间，段落与段落之间，上下文之间的逻辑关系。

三、解题技巧1、略读全文，掌握大意略读即快速地读，以了解文章内容为目的。

完形填空首先是测试理解能力，所有的题目只有在比较准确地理解短文大意，了解文章结构和句子结构后，才能有把握去选填。

很多学生在考试时为了节约时间，边读边选，但这样做十分容易出错，因为这样会打断阅读理解的整体连贯性，不易通览全文，理清文章的脉络。

边读边选还有可能造成断章取义，一空填错，后面都跟着错。

较好的方法还是先花1到2分钟把文章略读一下，注意：快读的目的是读懂，只快不懂或似懂非懂，走个过场那只是浪费时间和精力。

学生要根据文章的内容和自己的情况，调整自己的阅读速度。

略读之后，对文章的内容、结构和文章的主要线索都要心中有数。

完形填空短文的第一句话通常不挖空。

这便于学生对短文主题、内容和背景有个大概了解。

第一句话也常直接点明主题内容，是设置语境的框架性句子。

通读全文时，不要拘泥于一词一义的理解，对个别不认识的单词、短语，只要不影响理解全文就可以不管它。

2、瞻前顾后，谨慎选择文章大意了解后就开始选择。

每个空格究竟该选哪个选项才恰当取决于以下几个方面：第一、语境。

语境即上下文、它包括选择项在所在句子中的语义联系。

所在句与周围语句在意义上的关系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章内容主线的关系。

有些选择项根据上下文就能比较容易地作出正确判断，二有些选择项则根据整篇文章的大意才能推出。

第二、语法知识。

从语言环境筛选后，不能得出最终答案，还要从语法角度再考虑动词的形式、句子的结构等。

第三、必要的常识。

第四、注意同义词的细微区别和一些固定搭配。

总之，判断正确答案要从多角度去考虑，把语境、语法、词法、常识、固定搭配等有机结合起来考虑是做好完形填空的最佳方法。

3、复读全文，仔细检查完成选择后，最好再利用一两分钟将短文从头看一遍，将选定的答案代入文中阅读，对感觉不恰当的，可尝试这样的解题步骤：第一步：纵观加联想。

通读全文，掌握大意。

在通读的过程中，通过前后联想，猜测空格词的意思，以期达到掌握大意的目的。

第二步：先易且定夺。

对照选项再读全文，验证、修正原来的猜测，将有把握的答案确定下来。

这时往往绝大多数小题都已解出。

第三步：攻难再复读。

重点检查尚未解出的小题的前后句子，解出那些原来拿不准的少数题。

第四步：反思并修正。

将少数单词放入原文中重读全文，看看逻辑上有没有问题，以期发现错误并加以改正。

四、中考完型填空例题解析（09年苏州中考题）My mother often asked me, “What is the most important part of the body?” Through the years I would guess at 1 I thought was the correct answer.When I was younger, I thought sound was very important to us as humans, so I said, “My __2 , Mommoy.”She said, “No. Many people are deaf. But you 3 thinking about it and I will ask you again soon.”Then last year, my grandpa 4 . Everybody was hurt. Everybody was crying. My mom looked at me when it was our 5 to say our final goodbye to Grandpa. She asked me, “Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?”I was shocked 6 she asked me this now. I always thought this was a game between her and me. She saw the confusion(迷惑) on my face and told me, “This 7 is very important. It shows that you have 8 lived your life.” I saw her eyes well up with tears(眼泪). She said, “My dear, the most important body part is your shoulder.”I asked, “Is it because it holds up your head?”She replied, “No, it is because it can hold the head of a friend or loved one when they __9 . Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometimes in life, my dear. I only hope that you have enough love and 10 that you will have a shoulder to cry on when you need it.”1. A. if B. what C. that D. whether2. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head3. A. feel B. stop C. keep D. forget4. A. worried B. visited C. died D. came5. A. need B. chance C. duty D. turn6. A. when B. unless C. before D. but7. A. experience B. answer C. problem D. question8. A. easily B. really C. carefully D. especially9. A. sleep B. think C. laugh D. cry10.A. visitors B. friends C. classmates D. teachers【语篇解读】身体上最重要的部位是什么？经过了很多年作者终于找到了答案，相信在读完这篇文章后你一定会对此有一番思考。

【答案解析】1、B 此句是一个宾语从句。

意思是：这些年来我一直在想这个问题的正确答案是什么。

2、A 从下一段可知：作者认为耳朵是人身上最重要的部位。

3、C 虽然stop, keep forget后都可以跟动名词。

但上下文可知：妈妈让我继续思考这个问题，下次还会问我。

4、C 有“Everybody was hurt.”可知应选C。

5、D 此题考查习惯用法It’s one’s turn to do sth.（轮到某人做某事）。

6、A 此句是个时间状语从句。

翻译为：当此时她问我这个问题时我感到很吃惊。

7、D 由上下文可知妈妈指的是：这个问题很重要。

8、B 妈妈的意思是：这个问题表明了你是否真正领悟了生活的真谛。

9、D 由后一句“Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometimes in life, my dear.”可知应选D。

10、B 由本段的第一句可知：妈妈希望将来作者哭泣时能拥有足够的爱和朋友的肩膀让他（她）依靠。

五、完形填空辅助练习A（09年常州中考）Once there was a grasshopper(蚱蜢), who was the best hopper(跳跃者) in the world. She taught other grasshoppers how to hop. Soon all grasshoppers were hopping well, so she felt very __1Then one day an eagle showed up. She immediately 2 to teach the eagle how to hop, as she was sure that hopping was the key to 3 , but every time she advised the eagle to hop, he just said, “There is no need. You are 4 with hopping, but I can fly. ““Stop this silly talking of flying!” screamed the grasshopper. “Flying is 5 in your imagination. “The next day, some of the grasshoppers went to talk to the eagle. “How is it that you don’t know how to hop, yet you still talk of flying? It 6 our teacher’s orders. ““Hopping is useful, but wh en you can fly, it is no longer 7 .” said the eagle.“Tell us more, “ said the grasshoppers.The eagle began telling them what the world 8 the grass fields was like. It was a world that included mountains, rivers and oceans(海洋).Then the eagle took one 9 grasshopper in his powerful talon(爪) to the sky. The grasshopper could see the mountains, rivers and oceans that the eagle had 10 .After the eagle landed, he saw a spark (闪光) in the grasshopper’s eyes. The grasshopper told others what he had seen in the sky. Therefore, the grasshoppers dreamt of flying in the sky.1. A. angry B. relaxed C. stressed D. proud2. A. forgot B. decided C. failed D. refused3. A. business B. weakness C. happiness D. sadness4. A. satisfied B. strict C. patient D. careful5. A. just B. even C. hardly D. ever6. A. turns down B. puts off C. goes against D. works out7. A. harmless B. dangerous C. necessary D. safe8. A. past B. through C. under D. beyond9. A. sad B. brave C. attractive D. frightened10. A. imagined B. created C. changed D. describedB（09年南京中考）Itzhak Perlman was born in Israel. But his music had made him a citizen of the world. He has played in __1every large city. He has won fifteen Grammy Awards and four Emmys.Perlman suffered a terrible disease which hurt his __2at four. Today he uses a wheelchair or walks with crutches(拐杖). But none of these __3him from playing the violin. As a young child, he took his first lessons at the Music Academy of Tel Aviv. Very quickly, his __4 talent was recognized. At the age of thirteen he went to the United States to __5on television. His playing led him to the Juilliard School in New York.His music is full of power and strength. It can be __6 or joyful, loud or soft. But people say it is not the music __7that makes his playing so particular. They say he is able to show the joy he __8in playing, and the feelings that great music can express.Anyone who has attended his performance will tell you it is exciting to watch him play. His face changes __9the music from his violin changes. He smiles and closes his eyes when the music is light and happy. He often _10 dark when the music seems dark and frightening.Itzhak Perlman has received many honours, and continues to receive honours for his music.1. A. even B. almost C. only D. already2. A. hands B. arms C. legs D. eyes3. A. stopped B. moved C. protected D. got4. A. common B. usual C. simple D. special5. A. practise B. watch C. appear D. train6. A. happy B. cheerful C. noisy D. sad7. A. alone B. lonely C. alive D. available8. A. touches B. feels C. develops D. achieves9. A. as B. while C. and D. or10. A. performs B. thinks C. looks D. soundsC(09年无锡中考)Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good college and has everything that money can buy. The __1is that the people in Jean’s family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite __2.So Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ. She likes being anonymous(匿名的), talking topeople who do not __3about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she __4with quite often.Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and he lived in New York. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a __5interest in rock music and modern dance. So they always spent hours talking happily on QQ and sometimes they even __6 the time. Of course they wanted to know more about each other. David sent her a picture of himself: He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile. __7time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.When Jean’s father told her that he was going on a business trip to New York, she __8him to let her go with him, so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would __9 him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer. But when she knocked on David’s door in New York, she found that the special friend she had __10to was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim.1. A. reason B. problem C. question D. truth2. A. proud B. delightful C. lonely D. alone3. A. think B. tell C. care D. know4. A. meets B. works C. plays D. connects5. A. common B. different C. same D. mixed6. A. lost B. forgot C. chose D. watched7. A. So B. Because C. As D. Since8. A. allowed B. promised C. asked D. liked9. A. lend B. return C. recommended D. take10. A. written B. listened C. said D. repliedD（09年连云港中考）In New York, on a Friday night, a poor young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his __1. His music was so great that many people put money into his __2.The next day, the young artist came to the _3place, and played the violin as usual. Different from the day before, he took out a piece of paper and put __4on the ground. The paper read, “Last night, a man called George Sang put an important thing into my hat __5. Please come to get it soon. ”__6about half an hour, a(an) __7man ran there in a hurry, “Oh, it’s you. You did come here.” The young violinist asked __8, “Are you Mr George Sang?”“Yes! Yes!” Then the violinist asked; “Did you lose something?”“Lottery(彩票). It’s the most valuable lottery in my 70 years of life,” said the man.The violinist __9 a lottery ticket. George Sang’s name was on it, so the violinist __10 it to him.Later someone asked the violinist, “Since you __11play the violin every day to make your tuition fee(学费) in the university, why didn’t you keep the lottery ticket for yourself?”The violinist said, “__12I don’t have much money, I live happily; but if I lose honesty, I won’t be happy forever.”Through our lives, we can get a lot and lose so __13 . But being __14should alwaysbe with us. If we act in a dishonest way, we may __15in a short period. However, from the long-term view, we will be a loser.1. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. sax(萨克斯)2. A. bowl B. hat C. pocket D. hands3. A. similar B. different C. strange D. same4. A. it B. its C. they D. them5. A. by then B. by mistake C. by the way D. by hand6. A. After B. Before C. From D. When7. A. young B. old C. small D. tall8. A. coldly B. angrily C. calmly D. sadly9. A. took out B. took off C. took back D. took away10. A. sold B. bought C. gave D. lent11. A. could B. had to C. should D. must12. A. Although B. Once C. If D. Unless13. A. many B. much C. little D. few14. A. kind B. rich C. honest D. poor15. A. fail B. relax C. suffer D. succeedE（08年南京中考）In America, where labor(劳工) costs are so high, “do-it-yourself”is a way of life. Many people __1their own cars, build their own garages, and even rebuild their own houses. __2 Many of them will also write their own books. In Hollywood there is a __3that publishes(出版) children’s books with the help of computers. __4other book companies also publish that way, this company is not like the others. It __5the reader to become the main character with the help of computers. Here is __6they do it. Let us suppose a child is named Hody. The computer uses this information to make up a story __7pictures. The story is then printed up. “This book is about me,” a child who __8such a book might say. So the company is called the “Me-Books Publishing Company”.__9like me-books because they like to see it prints their own names, their pictures, and the names of their friends and their pets. But more __10, in this way, readers are much more interested in reading the stories. Me-books are helping children to learn how to read.1. A. make B. build C. buy D. repair2. A. Otherwise B. Only C. Once D. Soon3. A. director B. person C. company D. computer4. A. However B. Although C. That D. Unless5. A. allows B. hates C. hires D. pays6. A. what B. how C. why D. where7. A. with B. about C. for D. except8. A. prints B. borrows C. sells D. receives9. A. Writers B. Children C. Companies D. Friends10. A. impossible B. imaginative C. important D. inactiveF（08年苏州中考）Each morning, I walked past a security guard(保安). He __1everyone that walked byhim. I __2how he knew so many people by their first names. The first few times I saw him, I didn’t say hello back to him __3he greeted me. I was lost in my own world. On Monday he asked, “How was your __4?” I told him about my visit to my sick, elderly mother. He told me how __5he was for my mother’s sickness. As I walked away, I realized I did not even know his __6. The following day, I asked, “What’s your name?” He answered, “Gary.” I said, “I’m Deborah.” After that, we talked a couple of times a week. We __7stories about our weekends, our dreams and our families. Gary got offered a new job and moved __8. It has been years since I last spoke to him, yet the memory feels like yesterday.I look back at what became a friendship of sharing stories from the heart. When you say __9 to a stranger, you become a pebble(鹅卵石) thrown into a lake. With each ripple(涟漪) you create, you spread __10that continues to give.1. A. watched B. believed C. thanked D. greeted2. A. complained B. admired C. expected D. forgot3. A. when B. until C. before D. and4. A. visit B. weekend C. mother D. sickness5. A. afraid B. glad C. sorry D. surprised6. A. age B. job C. name D. family7. A. wrote B. heard C. read D. shared8. A. away B. over C. on D. in9. A. yes B. hello C. no D. goodbye10. A. news B. virus C. love D. sadnessG（05年常州中考）Shyness(害羞) means feeling frightened when you’re around other people. Some children are __1shy. Some become very shy later because of their life experience. __2, everybody gets a little shy sometimes. It’s just how much they feel shy.Most people have red faces and talk in __3sentences when they are shy. But some become __4shy and they won’t go to a restaurant because they are too nervous to __5 and pay for their food. Some are afraid of meeting __6people, so they seldom go outside. This kind of shyness can be __7for a person.If shyness doesn’t stop you from doing something you want to do, being shy isn’t a big __8. Some experts say shy people are good at working because they think more and __9 less. But remember not to let good opportunity(机会) pass you by just because of it. If you have to sing a song at a birthday party or give some performances in front of others, just do it. There’s __10to be afraid of.1. A. shown B. born C. thought D. seen2. A. Sooner or later B. In fact C. So far D. First of all3. A. broken B. strange C. different D. boring4. A. very B. too C. quite D. so5. A. pack B. order C. cook D. serve6. A. new B. foreign C. old D. friendly7. A. good B. helpful C. bad D. usual8. A. question B. example C. excuse D. problem9. A. do B. talk C. get D. sleep10. A. something B. everything C. much D. nothing。