最终版英语文章结构.ppt
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英语演讲-Unit-8-Speaking-to-Inform最终版.ppt
Public Speaking
Unit 8 Speaking to inform
精心整理
1
The ultimate goal of an informative speech is to convey knowledge and help the audience better understand your communication message. Knowing how to construct an effective informative speech will benefit anyone trying to communicate information in the classroom, business sector, military and nonprofit industry.
If your specific purpose pertains to showing how some event led to something, then you could use a “causal” order.
A third option is choosing a “topical” order in which you can talk about event aspects in any logical order.
Unit 8 Speaking to Inform
精心整理
2
1. The first step is to decide an appropriate topic. Remember that an informative speech does not advocate a political position, cause, way of thinking or action to take. Think of yourself as a teacher who will be simply presenting the facts in an objective way.
Unit 8 Speaking to inform
精心整理
1
The ultimate goal of an informative speech is to convey knowledge and help the audience better understand your communication message. Knowing how to construct an effective informative speech will benefit anyone trying to communicate information in the classroom, business sector, military and nonprofit industry.
If your specific purpose pertains to showing how some event led to something, then you could use a “causal” order.
A third option is choosing a “topical” order in which you can talk about event aspects in any logical order.
Unit 8 Speaking to Inform
精心整理
2
1. The first step is to decide an appropriate topic. Remember that an informative speech does not advocate a political position, cause, way of thinking or action to take. Think of yourself as a teacher who will be simply presenting the facts in an objective way.
文章结构PPT课件
• the bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl.
– 1) p4 introduction of the narห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ator -protagonist
– 2) p5-21 introduction of the first antagonist -- Petey Burch
The whole story—— The writer is
satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school
The very beginning ——the narrator
begins with all the beautiful words he can think of to praise himself at every conceivable opportunity - takes every opportunity to downgrade his roommate.
文章结构
Relationship
Burch
want
Raccoon coat
Belongs to Belongs to
polly
Dobie Gillis
Want a wife
• Preface ：para 1-3 • Sect 1 : para. 4 --59 • Sect 2 : para 60 -- 125 • Sect 3 : para 126-- 154
– 5) p.40 --59 a deal over Polly
• Sect 2. para 60 -- 125
– 1) p4 introduction of the narห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ator -protagonist
– 2) p5-21 introduction of the first antagonist -- Petey Burch
The whole story—— The writer is
satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school
The very beginning ——the narrator
begins with all the beautiful words he can think of to praise himself at every conceivable opportunity - takes every opportunity to downgrade his roommate.
文章结构
Relationship
Burch
want
Raccoon coat
Belongs to Belongs to
polly
Dobie Gillis
Want a wife
• Preface ：para 1-3 • Sect 1 : para. 4 --59 • Sect 2 : para 60 -- 125 • Sect 3 : para 126-- 154
– 5) p.40 --59 a deal over Polly
• Sect 2. para 60 -- 125
英语语篇结构
英语语篇结构
一、问题解决型。
该类型的文章所使用的基本结构是：提出问题--分析问题--解决问题。
此类文章通常会以某种现象或话题作为开篇，进而针对这种现象或话题展开讨论分析，最终找到该现象或话题出现的内在根源并提出解决方法。
二、议论型。
该类型的文章所使用的基本结构是：提出论点--列举论据--得出结论。
此类文章属于议论文体的标准模式，与问题解决型文章很相似，都是开篇列出作者观点，接下来举例论证此观点，最后得出结论。
三、因果型。
该类型的文章所使用的基本结构是：陈述结果/现象--分析原因。
此类文章比较接近于说明文，文章大多以一种现象或结果开篇立意，然后进一步探讨导致这种现象或结果的原因。
此类文章大多围绕社会生活、文化教育等领域展开。
四、立论/驳论型。
该类型的文章与议论型文章同属议论文，但在篇章结构上有所不同。
立论型文章的基本结构是：提出观点--赞同认可--论证观点；而驳论型文章的基本结构是：提出观点--发表异议--阐述作者观点--论证作者观点。
一般此类文章会在开篇提出一种当下流行的观点或现象，然后作者就这一观点或现象阐述自己的看法并标明态度（支持或反对），接下来作者根据自己的态度进行进一步论证，若支持，则举例加以论证；若反对，则提出自己观点并加以论证。
五、研究成果展示型。
此类文章所使用的基本结构是：研究起点--研究过程--研究结论。
此类文章作者会首先提出相关领域的研究成果或提出一个科学假设，进而具体介绍研究的实验过程或理论完善的过程，最后说明研究结论。
文章结构分析(UnderstandingTextStructure)(课堂PPT)
14
Another text structure
The cardinal and the cedar waxwing are two common birds. Both have crests on their heads. Both are common at birdfeeders. But the birds have some differences. The male cardinal is a bright red, while the waxwing is brown. The cedar waxwing often migrates from place to place. On the other hand, the cardinal stays in one place year after year.
18
Compare and contrast graphic organizer
• To organize details from a paragraph in compare and contrast, use a Venn diagram
19
RHale Waihona Puke view• Can you explain the difference between chronological order and compare and contrast?
3
What is a text structure?
• Writers use different structures to build their ideas
• Each text structure communicates ideas in a different way
Another text structure
The cardinal and the cedar waxwing are two common birds. Both have crests on their heads. Both are common at birdfeeders. But the birds have some differences. The male cardinal is a bright red, while the waxwing is brown. The cedar waxwing often migrates from place to place. On the other hand, the cardinal stays in one place year after year.
18
Compare and contrast graphic organizer
• To organize details from a paragraph in compare and contrast, use a Venn diagram
19
RHale Waihona Puke view• Can you explain the difference between chronological order and compare and contrast?
3
What is a text structure?
• Writers use different structures to build their ideas
• Each text structure communicates ideas in a different way
文章结构分析 Unders ndingTextStructure
Which paragraph is in chronological order?
Pennsylvania has many historic sites. You can visit Revolutionary war sites, like Valley Forge. You can also visit important locations from the Civil War, like Gettysburg. Finally, you can also see the site of the first oil well in Titusville. Pennsylvania has many neat places to visit!
Compare and contrast clue words
When authors use the text structure of compare and contrast, they often use special clue words to show this text structure.
• But what if an author doesn’t want to show how something happened in sequence?
• The author would need to use another text structure!
Another text structure
What is a text structure?
• Writers use different structures to build their ideas
• Each text structure communicates ideas in a different way
英语记叙文的写作的结构ppt课件
2)并说明你参加的理由
3)以及在活动中你都做了什么,
4)同时谈谈你对课外活动的看法.
.
8
There are many after-class activities
in our school, such as running, playing
tennis,playing basketball and so on. I
.
3
每个人都需要朋友。你的朋友叫什么？ 来自哪里？你们是怎样认识的？谈谈 你们之间的友谊以及你的看法。
everyone, friend ,come from, get to know, be sure.
.
4
Everyone needs friends. But different people have different ways to make friends.
.
1
英语记叙文的写作的结构
• Beginning Topic sentence 主题句
Middle Supporting sentence 支持句 (举例说明、分层描写、解释原 因等)
Ending Conclusion 结论句
.
2
写作基本要求． １．仔细研读汉语及英文提示词，千万不要漏项． ２．列出可能用到的句型，注意关联词的使用，如： and, but, so, although, because等． ３．语法方面：时态，人称的准确使用． ４．形成整个文段，想好“开头，中间，结尾”（发 表议论，谈感受）． ５．可以适当分段． ６．写完后要通读检查．
found the Great Wall looked like a huge
dragon on the mountains. It took us
3)以及在活动中你都做了什么,
4)同时谈谈你对课外活动的看法.
.
8
There are many after-class activities
in our school, such as running, playing
tennis,playing basketball and so on. I
.
3
每个人都需要朋友。你的朋友叫什么？ 来自哪里？你们是怎样认识的？谈谈 你们之间的友谊以及你的看法。
everyone, friend ,come from, get to know, be sure.
.
4
Everyone needs friends. But different people have different ways to make friends.
.
1
英语记叙文的写作的结构
• Beginning Topic sentence 主题句
Middle Supporting sentence 支持句 (举例说明、分层描写、解释原 因等)
Ending Conclusion 结论句
.
2
写作基本要求． １．仔细研读汉语及英文提示词，千万不要漏项． ２．列出可能用到的句型，注意关联词的使用，如： and, but, so, although, because等． ３．语法方面：时态，人称的准确使用． ４．形成整个文段，想好“开头，中间，结尾”（发 表议论，谈感受）． ５．可以适当分段． ６．写完后要通读检查．
found the Great Wall looked like a huge
dragon on the mountains. It took us
高考英语复习备考：文章的基本结构分析课件
ing Paragraph: Four Main Components
A. Paraphrase of the Lead-In
Example
In conclusion, as one can see, thanks to our mother, our father’s absence from our world was never a painful issue for my sisters and me.
Thesis Statement & Essay Map.
The Thesis Statement is the main idea of the entire essay. In this case, the Thesis Statement
is that the author’s mother is an amazing woman.
Example:
Like a father, she ①brings in the money, ②pays the bills, ③sets the rules, and ④disciplines us whenever it is needed. But even though she is ⑤rough and tough, she ⑥has a loving and tender heart. Like all mothers, she bandages our wounds, ⑦gives us kisses, ⑧talks “girl talk” to us, or ⑨simply holds us when we want to be held.
III. Topic sentence for 2nd body paragraph A. Point one B. Point two
A. Paraphrase of the Lead-In
Example
In conclusion, as one can see, thanks to our mother, our father’s absence from our world was never a painful issue for my sisters and me.
Thesis Statement & Essay Map.
The Thesis Statement is the main idea of the entire essay. In this case, the Thesis Statement
is that the author’s mother is an amazing woman.
Example:
Like a father, she ①brings in the money, ②pays the bills, ③sets the rules, and ④disciplines us whenever it is needed. But even though she is ⑤rough and tough, she ⑥has a loving and tender heart. Like all mothers, she bandages our wounds, ⑦gives us kisses, ⑧talks “girl talk” to us, or ⑨simply holds us when we want to be held.
III. Topic sentence for 2nd body paragraph A. Point one B. Point two
高中作文结构图解英语
高中作文结构图解英语Introduction。
Hook: In today's fast-paced world, mastering the art of writing an English essay is essential for high school students.Background information: Writing an English essay requires a clear structure and organization to effectively convey ideas.Thesis statement: This essay will explore the structure of a high school English essay and provide tips for writing a successful essay.Body。
I. Introduction。
Topic sentence: The introduction is the first part ofan English essay and serves to grab the reader's attention.Explanation: It should include a hook, background information on the topic, and a thesis statement that outlines the main points of the essay.II. Body paragraphs。
Topic sentence: The body paragraphs make up the main content of the essay and support the thesis statement.Explanation: Each body paragraph should focus on a specific point or argument, supported by evidence and examples.Transition: Use transition words to connect ideas and ensure a smooth flow between paragraphs.III. Conclusion。
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Together with the carbohydrate in the bread this combination is a varied source of nutrients and the only real cause for concern are the high fat and calor课ie件 content.
课件
This paragraph is missing the topic
sentence. Read the paragraph
and choose the best topic sentence:
Cats You don't have to take a cat for a walk every
课件
课件
Find the topic sentence, supporting
sentences, and concluding sentence
in these paragraphs:
Winter Winter is my favorite season because I like the clothes, the food and the activities. In the winter, I can wear a big coat and my favorite sweater. When it's cold, I can eat hot foods and soup. I can drink hot chocolate too. Best of all, in the winter I can do a lot of activities. I can play in the snow and make a snowman. I can go skiing, ice skating, or stay at home by the fireplace. That's why winter is my favorite season.
课件
3. End with a concluding/ transitional sentence
Conclusion = an ending sentence that explains what your paragraph is about.
If you want to, you can add a concluding comment after the concluding sentence.
A. Children love to eat candy on Halloween. B. You can dress as a mummy, a witch, or a princess on
Halloween. C. These are the traditions of Halloween in America.
day like a dog. Cats also know how to clean themselves, so you don't have to wash them. If you want to go on vacation, you can leave some food for your cat and it will be okay. A cat can sleep on your bed and keep you warm at night. That is why cats are good pets. A. Cats are very clean animals. B A cat is a good pet. C. Cats and dogs are good for children.
Topic Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Concluding/ transitional sentence
课件
The Paraburger
People generally think of burgers as unhealthy but a good one may contain all the basic nutrients for a heantences, supporting details, and conclusion:
Tests I don't like tests. Every time I take a test, I
feel nervous. When I study for a test, I don't know if I will be able to get a good grade. I worry a lot about the test, so I can't sleep. After the test is over, I worry about my grade. When my teacher gives me my grade, I can't relax because I know I will have another test soon. Tests give me a lot of stress. That's why I don't like tests.
课件
2. Add supporting sentences
Supporting sentences = more information about your topic. One way to do this is to imagine your topic sentence as a question and then ask yourself: How can I prove this is true? What examples can I give?
课件
This paragraph is missing the concluding sentence. Read the paragraph and choose the best conclusion.
HalloweenHalloween is a traditional American holiday. Americans celebrate it every year on October 31. Children dress in Halloween costumes and go trickor-treating. Adults have parties and decorate their homes. The stores sell a lot of candy and things that are black and orange. People eat donuts and drink apple cider. They also carve pumpkins to make jack-olanterns. ______________________________________ _________
My Wonderful Sister My sister Doris is very friendly, patient, and smart. She can make friends with anyone, because she is very funny. Doris is friendly to everyone, so she has a lot of friends. She is also very patient. She can help children, even when they are crying. If she has to wait at the grocery store, she doesn't get angry. She just starts to talk with the other customers. Another great thing about Doris is that she is smart. She studies a lot and gets good grades in school. She is also very good at solving problems. This is why Doris is a great sister.
Organising Paragraphs
Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences
课件
The Paraburger
课件
One paragraph one idea, here the idea is describing how healthy a burger is…
1. Start your paragraph with a topic sentence
Topic sentence = a sentence that explains what you are going to write about. It should have a subject, a verb, and a controlling idea.
Most burgers contain meat which is a source of protein and Ashdown (1997) reports that 97% of all burgers sold in the USA include some salad thus providing vitamins and fiber too.
课件
This paragraph is missing the topic
sentence. Read the paragraph
and choose the best topic sentence:
Cats You don't have to take a cat for a walk every
课件
课件
Find the topic sentence, supporting
sentences, and concluding sentence
in these paragraphs:
Winter Winter is my favorite season because I like the clothes, the food and the activities. In the winter, I can wear a big coat and my favorite sweater. When it's cold, I can eat hot foods and soup. I can drink hot chocolate too. Best of all, in the winter I can do a lot of activities. I can play in the snow and make a snowman. I can go skiing, ice skating, or stay at home by the fireplace. That's why winter is my favorite season.
课件
3. End with a concluding/ transitional sentence
Conclusion = an ending sentence that explains what your paragraph is about.
If you want to, you can add a concluding comment after the concluding sentence.
A. Children love to eat candy on Halloween. B. You can dress as a mummy, a witch, or a princess on
Halloween. C. These are the traditions of Halloween in America.
day like a dog. Cats also know how to clean themselves, so you don't have to wash them. If you want to go on vacation, you can leave some food for your cat and it will be okay. A cat can sleep on your bed and keep you warm at night. That is why cats are good pets. A. Cats are very clean animals. B A cat is a good pet. C. Cats and dogs are good for children.
Topic Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Concluding/ transitional sentence
课件
The Paraburger
People generally think of burgers as unhealthy but a good one may contain all the basic nutrients for a heantences, supporting details, and conclusion:
Tests I don't like tests. Every time I take a test, I
feel nervous. When I study for a test, I don't know if I will be able to get a good grade. I worry a lot about the test, so I can't sleep. After the test is over, I worry about my grade. When my teacher gives me my grade, I can't relax because I know I will have another test soon. Tests give me a lot of stress. That's why I don't like tests.
课件
2. Add supporting sentences
Supporting sentences = more information about your topic. One way to do this is to imagine your topic sentence as a question and then ask yourself: How can I prove this is true? What examples can I give?
课件
This paragraph is missing the concluding sentence. Read the paragraph and choose the best conclusion.
HalloweenHalloween is a traditional American holiday. Americans celebrate it every year on October 31. Children dress in Halloween costumes and go trickor-treating. Adults have parties and decorate their homes. The stores sell a lot of candy and things that are black and orange. People eat donuts and drink apple cider. They also carve pumpkins to make jack-olanterns. ______________________________________ _________
My Wonderful Sister My sister Doris is very friendly, patient, and smart. She can make friends with anyone, because she is very funny. Doris is friendly to everyone, so she has a lot of friends. She is also very patient. She can help children, even when they are crying. If she has to wait at the grocery store, she doesn't get angry. She just starts to talk with the other customers. Another great thing about Doris is that she is smart. She studies a lot and gets good grades in school. She is also very good at solving problems. This is why Doris is a great sister.
Organising Paragraphs
Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences
课件
The Paraburger
课件
One paragraph one idea, here the idea is describing how healthy a burger is…
1. Start your paragraph with a topic sentence
Topic sentence = a sentence that explains what you are going to write about. It should have a subject, a verb, and a controlling idea.
Most burgers contain meat which is a source of protein and Ashdown (1997) reports that 97% of all burgers sold in the USA include some salad thus providing vitamins and fiber too.