lecture 5 Writing a Summary
英语作文写作之Summary概括
Make sure you understand the text completely
9
How to write a summary.
Write the main idea of each section. Looking at your notes, decide what the main
states/maintains/argues that ... (Author's last name) also believes that ... (Author's last name) concludes that
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Examples
The following two examples are summaries of articles you can go back and read on your own.
idea of the main piece is and write the thesis.
10
How to write a summary.
Notes: the source (author--first/last name, title,
date of publication, volume number, place of publication, publisher, URL, etc.) the main idea of the original (paraphrased) the major supporting points (in outline form) major supporting explanations (e.g. reasons/causes or effects)
高中英语Summary Writing公开课精品PPT课件
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Mini-dictionary
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Summary Writing
In order to leave a good impression on you, I have been puzzled about what to wear and which color to wear this morning.
Summary Writing
and for various types of treatments when we are ill.
Some people even believe that the blind can benefit
from the ‘vibrations’ that color gives off.
Specific example
➢ Find out the topic sentence of Para.3.
Companies use color to great effect to encourage us to buy their products. Examples Meaning
Lecture 16a Writing a summary
Writing a Summary●Summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer originaldocument. It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible.When one writes a summary, one should not interpret or comment.●It is very practical in research work. Sometimes you need to give a briefintroduction to the main ideas of a long, thick and heavy original work. And sometimes you don't have time or possibility to read all about the original work.Then you may want to read just a summary of it.●Summary should be a brief and short restatement, with all the contents to thepoint, and with an absolute loyalty to the original author.Brief and Short means a summary cannot be too long or even longer than original work.Restatement reminds you that you are writing about others’ work. To the point emphasizes that you need a good judgment to select the main ideas and omit those minor details.Loyalty to the author rules out the possibility for you to express your own idea. No personal comment is allowed in summary.● A summary may be an accurate condensation of your own work but most oftenit is an objective restatement of others’ work.In a summary, the "I" that refers to the original author should be replaced by" the author" or "this essay". No "I" is allowed in a summary.●Summary writing can offer students various practices.First, you should read the original essay and try to understand it correctly. This is the understanding ability.Then based on what you understand you need to focus on the main points. This is the selecting judgment.Lastly you should organize your selected points into a composition. This is your expressing ability.●Thus, writing a good summary requires a high proficiency in English.●Types of summariesThere are at least two kinds of accounts, which are called summaries. One is called the analytic summary and the other the paraphrase summary. The major difference between these two kinds of summaries is in the perspective from which you write them.In the analytic summary, you speak in your own person, explaining what the author of the work you are summarizing has said, and speaking of the author as a separate person.In a paraphrase-summary, as in a paraphrase, you pretend to be the author of the work and speak from her or his point of view. The summary seems to be a simplified version of the work written by the same author.Imagine you want to write a summary for "In Alaska: Where the Chili isChilly," an article written by Gregory Jaynes about Fran Tate, who started a Mexican restaurant in Barrow, Alaska. If you are writing an analytic summary, your summary may start like this:For Gregory Jaynes, Fran Tate embodies the astonishing independence and toughness that is typical of Alaska at its best. Tatehas opened a Mexican restaurant-- an unlikely enterprise-- in BarrowAlaska.But if you write a paraphrase summary, then your summary might start as follows:In the fall of 1978, Fran Tate wrote some hot checks to finance the opening of a Mexican restaurant in Barrow, Alaska. All the banks shehad applied to for financing had turned her down. But Fran was surethat Barrow lusted for a Mexican restaurant, so she went ahead withher plans.In writing the summary (also abstract), one needs to give attention to the following guideline principles1)Center on the major theme of the book, keep essential information, maintainemphasis of the original information, and leave out unimportant details.2)Be faithful to the original, reflect accurately what the author says, do notintrude your own opinions or add information not presented in original.3)Summarize the entire passage; do not summarize only part of the passage.4)Write the summary in continuous prose, not in the form of an outline.5)Convey the message fully and clearly so that the reader does not have to refer tothe original passage. That is, the summary should be self-contained.6)Write the summary by paraphrasing or restating the author’s ideas in your ownwords, simple and concrete. Do not make the summary a patchwork made up of phrases and sentences quoted from the original passage.7)Quotations may be used to support the summary statements, but you do notneed to copy the original passage virtually word for word.8)When the author’s words are exactly quoted, enclose them in quotation marks.9)Use no more words than required. When no requirement for length is specified,one third of the original length suffices for the purpose.10)In order to make the summary concise, clear and easy to read and understand,you may(1)Drop insignificant details, only keep main points;(2)Reduce examples(3)Simplify descriptions(4)Eliminate repetitions;(5)Replace sentences with clauses, clauses with phrases;(6)Use general words to summarize or generalize specific details.(7)Put the main points of a dialogue into indirect speech.(8)Use shortest possible transitions.Summary writing practiceSummary Practice 2, p.p. 8-10, about “Territoriality”, with reference summaries on p.11, <<英语写作自学辅导>>, and p.3, <<英语写作辅导教材>>, respectively.Summary Practice: “Ordinary aspirin is truly a wonder drug”, p.p.5-6, <<英语写作辅导教材>>, reference on p.6Summary Practice: “How to give a good speech”, p.p.6-8, <<英语写作辅导教材>>, reference on p.8.。
英语作文写作之Summary 概括
A
3
What is a Summary?
Summaries are much shorter than the original source.
A
4
What is a Summary?
Summaries do not include the summary writers opinion or interpretation.
A
6
What is a Summary?
Rearranging words or substituting words is not enough. You must express the meaning of the writing in your own words. (But not use your own opinions/interpretations)
A
13
How to write a summary.
A
14
How to write a summary.
For longer summaries: The author goes on to say that ... The article (author) further states that ... (Author's last name) also
Looking at your notes, decide what the main idea of the main piece is and write the thesis.
A
10
How to write a summary.
Notes:
the source (author--first/last name, title, date of publication, volume number, place of publication, publisher, URL, etc.)
高中英语Summary-Writing概要写作公开课精品课件
4.As a matter of fact how it affects our family relationships depends on our attitude toward technology. Actually, it is not technology but people’s attitude towards it that influences family relations.
the negative effect the reason
5
Para.3: However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships.
3
Read for structure
What is the phenomenon?
What are the effects?
What really matters?
…
negative & positive our attitude to technology
4
Read for topic sentences
Technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members. 47% said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their interests.
英语作文写作之Summary概括
How to write a summary.
In his/her article (or lecture) ”_ (title, first letter capitalized) ,” year. (author/lecturer's last name) argues/claims/reports/contends/ maintains/states that ____________________________.
Parents should watch television with their children and talk about it, rather than using it as a baby-sitter. They should pay attention to the quality of what their children watch; if a child seems to watch too much, they need to ask what else the child has to do, and whether s/he is trying to escape real life for some reason.
Break Time
Writing Survey: Summaries
1.) Why do we write summaries?
2.) What is your understanding of the summery writing process? What does Matt recommend?
What is a Summary?
A good summary will probably include the main idea of each paragraph and the main evidence supporting those ideas.
大学英语学术写作知到章节答案智慧树2023年南京大学
大学英语学术写作知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新南京大学第一章测试1.The pre-writing techniques are useful because they help writers ________.参考答案:generate ideas;organize ideas2.The mega argument of an essay needs to be supported by a set ofcontributing arguments ________.参考答案:that contains specific and convincing evidence3.You will need materials that do not agree with your standpointbecause ________.参考答案:you need to know both the pros and cons4. A worthwhile question has to have theoretical or practical significance.参考答案:对5.Academic writing has to be参考答案:appropriate6.What is mentioned about the importance of writing?参考答案:It can help you to reach people in different time and space.;It requiresyou to make a distinction between facts and opinions.;It allows you toorganize your thoughts in clear and logical ways.;It encourages you toseek worthwhile questions.第二章测试1.One thing that is shared by the 3 body paragraphs is that they each ________.参考答案:begin with a topic sentence2.There is a pattern of essay structures that all academic writers have to follow.参考答案:错3.How is the essay structured?参考答案:It has 3 body paragraphs.4.Your interest in a topic comes from参考答案:your familiarity with the topic;your past experience5.“Women CEOs do not make as much as their male counterparts” ________.参考答案:is an answer to the topic question6.“Pumpkin pie is the best fall treat…” ________.参考答案:is an opinion7. A persuasive essay ________.参考答案:involves an argument第三章测试1.What is the difference between pedagogy and gatekeeping?参考答案:The former offers specific help.2.When doing peer review, the writer can get ________ from other fellow writersor readers.参考答案:feedback3.When you give subjective feedback, it may mean that ________.参考答案:you admit being ignorant about what is discussed in the paper4.What part of the second sentence shows that it is an implication of the study?参考答案:"offers clear evidence"5.The topic in the introduction is broader in scope than the thesis.参考答案:对第四章测试1.When you take notes you ________.参考答案:use symbols and abbreviations;write down some phrases;note downthe author and year of publication2.What is the challenge that artificial intelligence looks to overcome?参考答案:The speed with which humans can perform the given tasks.3.Which sources may lack authority?参考答案:Graduate students’ theses.4.If you want to find summaries of previous research, what kind of source willyou look for?参考答案:Books.5.You should consult librarians, digital specialists or professors because________.参考答案:they may know what’s available6.Why are writers encouraged to use evidence?参考答案:In order to support their claims.;It is essential to use others' ideas.7.So long as you acknowledge the original author(s), it doesn't matter howmuch you quote.参考答案:错8.For both summaries and paraphrases, writers should ________.参考答案:acknowledge the original writer;use their own words第五章测试1.In the conclusion, writers usually repeat the central idea and keys points.参考答案:对2.Evidence can be ________.参考答案:documentation;quotes;facts3.An introduction usually includes ________.参考答案:a thesis statement;background information;a hook4.The use of counter argument makes the essay more persuasive because________.参考答案:you can respond to the readers' objections5.According to the lecture, how many steps are involved in writing an outline?参考答案:Four.6.When writing an outline, writers arrange their ideas ________.参考答案:in a coherent order7.How many patterns will be introduced in this lecture?参考答案:Seven8.When introducing a solution, you need to explain why it is ________.参考答案:workable9. A chronological pattern follows the ________ order while the sequentialpattern emphasizes the ________ in a process.参考答案:time, steps10.In a comparison-contrast essay, writers can list the points by focusing on________.参考答案:different objects and looking at different dimensions;different aspects of the objects of comparison and contrast第六章测试1.What constitutes plagiarism?参考答案:Asking someone else to write a paper for you.;Copying others'sentences without using quotation marks.;Taking a large chunk ofsomeone else's paper as your own.2.You need to proofread your paper in order to make sure that ________.参考答案:anything you take from an outside source is acknowledged3.What needs to be credited or documented?参考答案:Exact words or phrases you copy from another source.;Informationobtained in an interview.;Diagrams, charts, or other visual materialsfrom books or the Internet.4.Proper use of quotations requires the use of introductions and ________.参考答案:explanations5.You will not quote unless ________.参考答案:you have to use the exact words from the source6.Experienced writers often use ________ that can help with the overall structureand flow of the summary.参考答案:transition words7.Good summaries should be fair, ________, accurate, and complete.参考答案:balanced8.When writing a summary, you should always remember to include youropinions and interpretations.参考答案:错第七章测试1.The three compulsory elements of a paragraph in academic writing are: thetopic sentence, support sentences, and the point sentence.参考答案:错2.Sentence cohesion can be achieved by ________.参考答案:use of reference words;use of transitional words and phrases3.In a unified paragraph, ________.参考答案:all sentences center around one main idea4.The use of transitions can help novice writers to generate more ideas.参考答案:对5.The use of transitional expressions can guarantee logical connectionsbetween sentences.参考答案:错6.One problem with subornination is that ________.参考答案:writers may cram too many ideas into one sentence7.One problem with coordination is that it is often underused by studentwriters.参考答案:错8.Where do writers usually put the most important idea in a sentence?参考答案:At the end.第八章测试1.The first letter of every word in a title should be capitalized.参考答案:错2.The title of a research paper often includes ________.参考答案:the purpose of the writing;the topic;the focus3.It is necessary to consider both sides of a controversial question.参考答案:对4.You can start with opposing opinions when you are drafting your thesisstatements.参考答案:对5. A good thesis statement is ________.参考答案:a declarative sentence;limited to one main idea;short and simple第九章测试1.When you quote from a source, you need to provide information about________ for in-text citations.参考答案:the author, date, and page number(s)2.APA style follows an author-date system for in-text citations.参考答案:对3.When there are two authors, the authors names are in the "last name, firstname" order.参考答案:错4.MLA style follows an author-date system for in-text citations.参考答案:错5.All abstracts begin with the background of the research.参考答案:错6.The length of abstracts ________.参考答案:varies from journal to journal第十章测试1.In academic writing, writers tend to use more nouns to describe actions. Butexcessive use of nouns may ________.参考答案:result in wordiness and confusion in logic2.General statements are not precise in meaning and, therefore, they should beavoided.参考答案:错3.When used properly, first person can help writers prove that ________.参考答案:they are speaking as an authority4.Admitting that your research is built on other people's research will enhancethe significance of your work.参考答案:对5.Too many images on one slide can be ________.参考答案:distracting6.Why should presenters try to entertain their audience at the beginning?参考答案:Because the audience will only give presenters a few minutes' grace. 7.What should presenters consider in the step of planning?参考答案:Time.;Audience.;Purpose.第十一章测试1.Don’t wait till the last minute before the deadline.（）参考答案:对。
Writing a Summary
In your summary, be sure that you… you…
include important data but omit minor points; include one or more of the author’s examples or illustrations (These will bring your summary to life. ) ; do not include your own ideas, illustrations, metaphors, or interpretations.
The Body of a Summary Essay
The body of a summary essay paraphrases and condenses the original piece.
Try to follow the logical order of the original.
Consider yourself as a summarizing machine; you are simply repeating what the source text says, in fewer words and in your own words. But the fact that you are using your own words does not mean that you are including your own ideas.
Taking notes does not include writing the lecture’s every word; instead, they summarize the main points in a way one will understand later. Whether relating an anecdote, describing your progress on a project, or a research, you might include summaries and abstracts with your long reports. The job is to represent the full scope and detail of the important material accurately in the fewest words.
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III. Qualities of a Good Summary
1.
A good summary should give an objective outline of the whole piece of writing. It should answer basic questions about the original text such as "Who did what, where, and when?", or "What is the main idea of the text?", "What are the main supporting points?", "What are the major pieces of evidence?". It should not be a paraphrase of the whole text using your own words.
4. Write a topic sentence--a one-sentence summary of the entire passage. The topic sentence should express the central idea of the passage, as you have determined it from the above steps. You may find it useful to keep in mind the information contained in the lead sentence or paragraph of most newspaper articles--the what, who, why, where, when and how of the matter. In the case of persuasive passages, summarize in a sentence the author’s conclusion. In the case of descriptive passages, indicate the subject of the description and its key feature(s).
IV. Six Steps for Writing a Summary
When you write a summary, remember your purpose. You are demonstrating that you fully understand a passage that you have read. Just go through the following steps when you need to write a summary for a passage:
5. Write the first draft of your summary by combining the topic sentence with the information from step three. Eliminate repetition and combine sentences for a smooth and logical flow of ideas. 6. Revise your summary, inserting transitional words and phrases where necessary to ensure coherence. Check for style. Avoid series of short, choppy sentences. Check for grammatical correctness, punctuation, and spelling. Hints: (1) Write in the present tense. (2) Introduce the author and title f the work in the opening sentence. Refer to authors in subsequent sentences by their last names.
V. Samples of Summary Writing
(1) The original:
For generations, Americans have researched into their pasts to discover who their ancestors were. In recent years, more people have developed an avid interest in their genealogy and the cultural heritage of their ancestors. This interest was sparked for two reasons.
2.
A good summary should not include selected examples, details, or information which are not relevant to the piece of writing taken as a whole.
4. A good summary should probably include the main idea of each paragraph, and the main evidence supporting that idea, unless it is not relevant to the article or essay as a whole. A summary does not need a conclusion, but if the original ends with a message to the reader this should not be left out. 5. A good summary may use key words from the original text but should not contain whole phrases or sentences from the original unless quotation marks are used. Quotations should only be made if there is a reason for using the original words, for example because the choice of words is significant, or because the original is so well expressed. 6. Rearranging the words used in the original, or keeping the same structure but just substituting different words is not enough. You must express the sense of the original using your own words and structures. In a word, a good summary must be brief, complete, and objective.
1. Read the passage carefully. Find the author's main idea and subordinating ideas and show your clear understanding of the structure. 2. Reread. This time divide the passage into sections or stages of thought. Label on the passage itself, each section or stage of thought. Underline key ideas and terms. 3. Write one-sentence summaries on a separate sheet of paper of each stage of thought or, if appropriate, of each paragraph.
III. Qualities of a Good Summary
1.
You should not give your own ideas or criticisms as part of the summary. However, if you want to comment on a piece of writing it is usual to begin by summarizing it as objectively as possible.
2.
When writing academic papers, people often need to insert summaries of something that they have read or heard. For example, you might want to summarize the the main points of a book that is relevant to your topic. In such cases, it is extremely important to use your own words, or quotation marks if you are actually quoting, in order to avoid plagiarism.
II. When are summaries used?
1.
If you are reading something that is very important for your studies and/or difficult to understand, writing a summary helps you to make sure that you have understood it. You can also refer to it later to refresh your memory, for example when you are revising for an exam, or when you are talking about it in class.