M1U1 定语从句之关系代词(学生版)
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一、什么是定语
定语是对名词或者代词进行修饰或者限定的成分,定语一般可以翻译成“….的”
二、定语可以由什么充当。
the green team ______________
a girl in red _______________
a book written by Luxun _____________
the girl sitting next to me ______________
the work to be done __________________
a lady who sat next to a black man ______________________
三、定语从句的三大要素
1. 定语从句______________________________________________
2. 先行词__________________________________________________
3. 关系词（关系代词、关系副词）_________________________________
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词有when, where, why
四、判断下列复合句中的从句是否为定语从句。
1. The man that helped you is Mr. White.
2. Our teachers and parents hoped that we can enter a good university after graduating from Huairen high school three years later.
3. This is the school bag which my mother bought me yesterday.
4. The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.
5. China is no longer what it used to be.
6. I don’t know the boy whom you gave the book to just now
五、关系词的三大功能
1. 引导定语从句
2. 在从句中替代先行词（从句中不能再出现先行词或代替先行词的代词）
3. 在定语从句中充当一定的成分
功能2讲解：
判断下列两组定语从句的正误
①The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.
②The student whom we saw him just now is the best runner in our school.
③The trees which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.
④The trees which they are behind the office building have lost their leaves.
功能3讲解见课本P8
六、关系代词的用法
1. 在定语从句中，当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用that 或which, 在从句中可以做主语或宾语，其中做宾语时可以被省略。
•The earthquake which/that happened in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
•The train which/that h as just left is for Shanghai.
•He likes the birthday presents that/which/ his friends gave him.
•I’ll tell you the things that/which/ I have heard
练练吧：
①The paintings ______________ David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.
②This is the book ____________ I bought yesterday.
③This is the factory ___________ produces famous bikes.
④We all hope to enter a university _____________ is beautiful and famous.
2. 在定语从句中，当先行词为人时，关系代词可以用that, who, whom, 其中that 和who 在从句中可以做主语或者宾语，whom 只能做宾语，做宾语时，这三个关系代词都可以被省略掉。
•I’m going to see a friend who/that has just come back from the UK.
•She is the teacher who/that taught us English Literature.
•The student whom/who/that we saw at the school gate is from America.
•I don’t know the man whom/who/that my mother is talking to.
练练吧：
①Do you know the student ____________ left a moment ago?
②Most of the students _______________ he taught have become his friends.
③A football fan is a person _________ has a strong interest in football.
④The students _____________ have finished your homework put up your hands.
3. whose 在定语从句中表示一种所属关系，可翻译为“…的”，既可以指人，也可以指物，相当于of which/whom. 在定语从句中做定语。
•I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.
= I sat nest to a girl the name of whom was Diane.
•The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.
= The club the members of which are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.
练练吧：
①A person __________ email account（邮箱）is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails.
②His parents wouldn’t let him marry the girl ___________ family was poor.
③The book ___________ cover is green is mine.
④Weihua attended a school in the UK ___________ school hours are quite different from the school hours in China.
七、五个关系代词的用法小结
八、定语从句谓语动词的单复数应该和先行词保持一致。
1. I, who _______ (be) your friend, will try my best to help you.