宾语从句和表语从句..
宾语从句和表语从句
一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad 等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
从句类型及例子
从句类型及例子从句是一个句子的一部分，由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。
从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
下面将分别介绍这三种类型的从句，并给出相应的例子。
一、名词性从句名词性从句在句子中充当名词的角色，可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
名词性从句有三种类型：主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句子中作主语，常常以that引导。
例子：- That he is late again is really annoying.（他再次迟到真是让人恼火。
）- Whether she will come to the party is still unknown.（她是否会来参加派对还不确定。
）2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语，常以that引导，也可以用whether/if引导。
例子：- He asked me if I had finished the report.（他问我是否已经完成了报告。
）- I don't know whether he will come or not.（我不知道他是否会来。
）3. 表语从句表语从句在句子中作表语，常以that引导，也可以用whether/if 引导。
例子：- The fact is that he is a talented musician.（事实是他是一位有才华的音乐家。
）- My concern is whether we can finish the project on time.（我关心的是我们是否能按时完成项目。
）二、形容词性从句形容词性从句用于修饰名词或代词，相当于一个形容词，一般由关系代词（如who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如when, where, why）引导。
1. 关系代词引导的形容词性从句关系代词引导的形容词性从句修饰先行词，在从句中充当某一成分。
宾语从句和表语从句要点归纳
宾语从句和表语从句一、宾语从句要点归纳★宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
★that在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。
但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。
如：My uncle said (that) he would come and that he would also bring his son.★whether和if都意为“是否”，通常情况下，二者都可以引导宾语从句；但在介词之后或与or not连用时，只能用whether。
注意：当whether与or not 不连在一起时，口语中可用if取代whether，当然也可以用whether。
如：I don't know if / whether there will be trains any more. They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.I don't know whether or not I should take his advice.I'm not sure if / whether the train will arrive on time o r not.★有时可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句后置。
如：We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with var ious difficult problems.★在第一人称I / we与动词think, expect, believe, guess, suppose等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。
如：I don't suppose you're used to this diet.二、表语从句要点归纳★表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
高中英语知识点归纳宾语从句与表语从句的区别
高中英语知识点归纳宾语从句与表语从句的区别宾语从句和表语从句是英语语法中两个重要的从句类型。
尽管它们在形式和用法上有些相似，但它们之间存在着明显的区别。
本文将对宾语从句和表语从句进行详细归纳和比较分析。
宾语从句（Object Clauses）宾语从句是一个句子，被用作主句中的宾语。
它通常回答了主句中的动词或介词所问的疑问。
通常有三种类型的宾语从句：陈述句型、疑问句型和祈使句型。
以下是宾语从句的特点和用法：1. 宾语从句常常由连接词引导，如that、whether、if等。
例句：He asked me whether I had finished my homework.2. 宾语从句中的谓语动词常按照陈述句的语序来构造，即主语+谓语（不需要使用助动词do/does/did）。
例句：She told us that she was going to study abroad.3. 宾语从句不加标点符号与主句隔开。
例句：I don't know if I can attend the party.4. 宾语从句可以出现在动词宾语的位置，也可以出现在介词宾语的位置。
例句：I believe that he is telling the truth.They are discussing whether to go on a trip.表语从句（Predicate Nomination Clauses）表语从句用来说明主语的身份、状态、特点等，并与系动词（如be、seem、appear等）连用，充当系动词的宾语。
以下是表语从句的特点和用法：1. 表语从句通常由连接词引导，如that、whether等。
例句：His dream is that he becomes a successful businessman.2. 表语从句中的谓语动词与主从句的主语保持一致。
例句：The problem is that we have run out of time.3. 表语从句不加标点符号与主句隔开。
宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。翻译时大多数可译成
英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
翻译时大多数可译成相对应的汉语，但也还有一些其它处理方法。
下面分别加以介绍：一、主语从句1.以what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句一般可按原文顺序翻译，例如：What he told me is only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而己2.以“it”作形式主语的主语从句1）逻辑主语从句如提前译出，有两种情况：若强调，“it”一般可译出来；如不强调，“it”可不译出来。
It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参不参加会议没有多大关系。
（不强调）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.在飞机坠毁之后，驾驶员竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。
（强调）2）逻辑主语从句不提前，“it”一般不需译出。
It is suggested that the meeting should be canceled.有人建议取消会议。
二、宾语从句1.用that, what, how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不须改变顺序。
I told him that because of the last condition,I′d have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。
2.用“it”作形成宾语的句子，that宾语从句可按原文顺序译出，“it”可不译。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o′clock in the morning.我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。
宾语从句和表语从句详解
宾语从句和表语从句详解宾语从句和表语从句详解名词性从句指的是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句.这种从句可以做主语.宾语.表语.同位语等,所以这类从句包括主语从句.宾语从句.表语从句和同位语从句.各种名词性从句的结构都是相同的,即由if, whether, that和各种疑问词充当连接词,后接陈述语序.例如:What they are doing seems very important.(主语从句)他们在做的事似乎很重要.My hope is that he will be the best student in the class.(表语从句)我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生.Nobody knows who he is.(宾语从句)大家都不知道他是谁.I don t like the idea that money is everything.(同位语从句)我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点.引导名词性从句的连接词中,除了that,if和whether之外其它的都作从句中的一个成分.【宾语从句】在句子中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫做宾语从句.引导宾语从句的词有连词that, whether, if;连接代词who, which, what以及其强调形式 whoever, whichever, whatever; 连接副词 when, where, why, how等.例如:Do you know where the Greens live?I have no interest in how rich he is.宾语从句主要用于下面五种结构:1.由that引导的宾语从句(that 引导宾语从句时,特别是在口语中可省略)The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.that引导的宾语从句多用于say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, e_pect, e_plain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等后.当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, e_pect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示.例如:I don t think it is right for him to treat you like that.(= I think it is not right for him .)that不能省略的情况:(1)当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省.如:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked notto tell you.(2)当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省.如:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine greencoat and his black silk cap.(3)当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省.如:I can t tell him that his mother died.2.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序.用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等.I can t decide which book I should buy.3.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的.意思是是否 .宾语从句要用陈述句语序.一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用.4.宾语从句后带有宾补时,需用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句后,这时that不省略.例如:He thought it wrong that they left the child alone at home.【表语从句】在句子中作表语的从句叫做表语从句.引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether;连接代词who,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why以及其它连词as if,as though,because等.例如:The question is whether it is worth reading.They are just what I want.That s why they were late.1.含有表语从句的复合句中的主语通常是fact,truth,e_planation,problem,opinion,view等.如:The fact is that fish can t go without water.事实是鱼离开水不能存活.2. as if (as though)也可以用于表语从句.但多是以下面形式出现.主语+look(seem)as if+从句如:It looked as if it was going to snow.It seems as if there will be a quarrel soon.注意:不用 if 引导表语从句.reason做主语时,表语从句应由that引导,不用because. that 引导表语从句时,通常不能省略.专项练习（附答案）1. I flew to New York for the talk show on TV last week. Is that ______you had a few days off?A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where2. I ask her _____ come with me.A. if she willB. if will sheC. whether will sheD. will she3. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever4. Can you tell me ________?A. who is that gentleman isB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom is that gentleman5. Can you tell me ________ the railway station?A. how I can get toB. what can I get toC. where I can got toD. where can I get to6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever7. Do you know ________ ?A. what is his nameB. how is his nameC. what his name isD. how his name is8. Go and get your coat. It s________ you left it.A. thereB. whereC. there whereD. where there9. I wonder how much ________.A. does the watch costB. did the watch costC. the watch costedD. the watch costs_. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.A. what;thatB. that;thatC. what;whatD. that;what_. Is Mary from New York City? I don t know _______.A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from_. Henry killed the dog. I ll ask him why ________.A. did he do thatB. he did thatC. he didD. he has done so_. Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know ________.A. how he is getting alongB. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting alongD. what is he getting along_. I am sure ________ he said is true.A. thatB. about thatC. of thatD. that what_. You can t imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were e_citedB. how e_cited they wereC. how e_cited were theyD. they were how e_cited_. Why the e_plosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. that_. We gave him ________ help we could.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. this_. E_cuse me would you please tell me ________?A. when the sports meet is taken placeB. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to beginD. when the sports meet is to take place_. This book will show you ________ can be used in other conte_ts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed_. Where do you think ________?A. has he goneB. has he beenC. he s goneD. was he参考答案:1. A 由句子结构得知,空白处应选能在表语从句中作状语的连接副词,A. B. D.三个答案均能满足这一要求,但根据句意应选A,why为连接副词,在表语从句中作原因状语.2. A 宾语从句作ask的直接宾语,应用陈述句语序.3. A 空白处在宾语从句中做主语,因而可首先排除C.D两项.whoever = anyonewho与题意不符,故答案为A.4. C 宾语从句应用陈述句语序. 你能告诉我那位绅士是谁吗?5. A 问路应该说How can I get to ,宾语从句应用陈述句语序,故选A.6. B 空白处为want 的宾语,应选用连接代词,而whichever常用作定语,whatever = anything that,故答案为B.7. C 8. B 9. D_. A what he said在复合句中做主语,that是强调句用法._. D _. B _. A_. D 在作表语的形容词后的宾语从句中的that不可省略._. B 这是一个由how引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序,故答案为B._. D 表语从句中的that不可省略. _. B _. D _. B _. C。
宾语从句表语从句
【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：名词性从句——宾语从句与表语从句二. 知识精讲在复合句中起名词性作用的句子叫名词性从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，因此名词从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
（一）宾语从句1. 概念及引导词在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的连接词有连接代词（who, whom, whose , what , which, whoever , whatever, whichever ）、连接副词(when , where , how, why )及从属连词(that , whether, if ).例：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就起什么名字。
That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。
2. 宾语从句的种类常见的宾语从句有动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句三种。
（1）动词的宾语从句They know that the habit may kill them. 他们知道这个习惯会害死他们。
They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student.他们怀疑Jack是否是一个好学生。
They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service.他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服务最好。
宾语从句与表语从句
宾语从句与表语从句一、宾语从句1.that 引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时无意义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略eg: I made it clear that I was determined to carry out this plan.我已表明决心执行这个计划。
2.whether/if 引导的宾语从句wether/if 作“是否”讲，常用在ask, care, find out, know, wonder 等动词后。
Eg: I wonder if/ whether he can come tomorrow.在下列情况下一般只用whether, 不用if:(1)引导主语从句并在句首时；（2）引导表语从句时；（3）引导从句作介词宾语时；（4）从句后有“or not”时；（5）后接动词不定式时；3.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句此类词主要包括连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词when, where, how, why.这些词在句中都承担一定的成分，但其后的从句一定要用陈述语序。
Eg: Do you know where Jim’s father works?你知道吉姆的父亲在哪里工作吗？4.宾语从句中的时态宾语从句的时态必须与主句呼应。
Eg: He says he is going to swim with his friend tomorrow.5.宾语从句中的否定转移在I/we think (believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine 等)后面的从句里，如果含有否定含义，往往需要把否定词由从句转到主句，这叫做否定转移。
Eg：I don’t think you are fit for the job.注意：在发生否定转移的句子中，其反义疑问句的人称及助动词应与从句的人称和动词相对应。
Eg：I don’t think you are right, are you ?我认为你不正确，对吗？（不用do I）一、表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句，引导表语从句的连接词主要有：连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which; 连接副词when, where, how, why 及从属连词that, whether, as if, because 等。
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5.He said to us that they would help us through the whole work. 6. I am sure that he will pass the exam. 7.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 8. I don't understand why so many people are crowding round him.
引导宾语从句的, what, which, whoever, whatever，whose等在从句中 主语，宾语,表语和定语. I can’t tell you who will go there with me. Do you know what they are? He asked me what John was doing in the classroom? He asked me which book I liked best. Do you know whose book it is?
引导宾语从句的词有：用法
注意：连接副词when, where, how, why等 在从句中作状语,不能省略
Could you tell me how we can get to the station? I don’t know when the meeting will begin. Do you know why Tom went there yesterday? Do you know where they will go?
Noun clauses as the object
宾语从句
Noun clauses as
the object and the predicative 表语 宾语
宾语从句是在主从复合句中作 宾语的从句。
1.I don’t know whether he will come here. 2.She told/said to me what she had done in the classroom. 3.She laughed at what I told her. 4.I am pleased that you have passed the exam.
注意5：宾语从句的语序为陈述 句语序。
注意4： 1.who具有疑问含义，表示特指； whoever指任何…人，表示泛指。 2.whatever比what的语气强， whatever意为“anything that （任何事物）” 3.which具有疑问含义，表示“哪 一个…”; whichever强调无论哪 一个…
1.Do you know who broke the window? 2.We will punish whoever breaks the law. 3.Are you sure what she said? 4.Do whatever you like. 5.I can’t tell you which girl will go there. 6.You can take whichever book you like from here.
注意2：并列连词连接两 个或者两个以上的that引 导的宾语从句时,只有第 一个that能够省略。
1.I think (that) smoking is harmful to your health. 2. I believe (that) you have done your best and that he will make progress. 3. He understand (that) friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.
注意3： 在宾语从句中，if和whether表 示是否时一般可以互换。但是 以下情况中只能用whether: 1.从句中有or not时。 2.引导介词的宾语从句时。 3.后面直接跟动词不定式(to do) 时。
1.He asked me if /whether I could help him. 2.I wonder whether it is true or not. 3.They are talking about whether he will come. 4.He doesn’t know whether to go there by himself.
Unit 4 Grammar
Noun clauses as the subject
主语从句 (Subject Clause)
主语从句是在复合句中充当主 语的从句。
1. That he finished writing the composition
in such a short time surprised us all. 2. What we need are good doctors. 3. Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
注意1：宾语从句一般 位于及物动词、及物 动词+间接宾语、介词 和be动词+形容词等的 后面。
引导宾语从句的词有：
注意:从属连词that(一般可以省略) 没有具体含义,不做成分，只做连接词； if/whether表示“是否”，不做成分，只 连接词。
He knows (that) Jim will work hard. He said to us (that) he wouldn’t go there. He asked me whether/if I would go there. I wonder if/whether you could do me a favor.