考点5】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)
英语定语从句考点重点归纳总结
英语定语从句考点重点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
掌握定语从句的用法和特点对于英语学习者来说至关重要。
本文将对英语定语从句的考点进行重点总结和归纳。
一、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词：关系代词常用于引导定语从句，包括that，which，who，whom，whose等。
2.关系副词：关系副词也可以引导定语从句，主要包括when，where，why等。
二、定语从句的作用和位置定语从句通常用来修饰名词或代词，它可以紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后，也可以放在句子的末尾。
如果定语从句紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后，通常用关系代词来引导；如果放在句子末尾，则用关系代词或关系副词来引导。
三、定语从句的几种类型分析1.限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句是定语从句的一种常见形式，它对被修饰的名词起到了限定和具体化的作用，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整。
关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在从句中修饰时间、地点或原因。
2.非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句是用来对被修饰的名词进行补充说明或者陈述一些额外信息的。
非限定性定语从句通常用逗号或者破折号与主句隔开，去掉定语从句对整个句子的意思没有太大影响。
四、定语从句的连接词使用注意事项1.关系代词that和which的区别：that通常用来引导限定性定语从句，which则常用于非限定性定语从句。
2.关系代词who和whom的区别：who用来引导指人的定语从句，并在从句中担任主语或者宾语；whom通常用于非限定性定语从句，担任宾语。
3.关系代词whose的用法：whose用来引导定语从句，表示所属关系。
5.关系副词when，where和why的用法：when用来表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。
五、定语从句的注意事项1.省略关系词：当关系从句中作主语、宾语或者介词宾语时，关系词（常用的是that或which）可以省略。
高考英语考点归纳(一)—定语、名词性从句
考点归纳（一）A. 定语从句1. 只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况？先行词前为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时．先行词前有：all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等不定代词修饰时．先行词被序数词修饰时．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时．先行词前only, just, very, last有等修饰时．先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时．主句是以who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时．在there be 句型中．2. reason后面用什么引导？way 后面用什么引导？reason后面的定于从句用why引导。
way 后面定语从句用in which 或that引导that可以省略。
3. one of 和the (only) one of 引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么？前者引导的定于从句谓语动词用复数；后者用单数。
4. as 和which引导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区别？as和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句．都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分．as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首，并常和know, see, expect等词连用．意为："正如．．．"．而which不能位于句首．5. as 可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句？such... as the same... as so ... as..6. the same．．．as和the same ．．．that 引导的定语从句如何区别？the same．．．as 引导的定语从句指的是相同事物，强调同类．the same．．．that引导的定语从句指的是同一物．This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.（相同）This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr. Li. (同一物)7. such．．．as ．．．和such．．．that．．．如何区分？such．．．as ．．．引导的是定语从句．as必须代替先行词在其引导的从句中充当成分．such．．．that．．．引导的从句是状语从句．that只是引导从句并不在其引导的从句中充当成分．在选择填空练习题中，首先看从句中是否缺句子成分，如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句；如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语成分．8. whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点？whose 作定语,后面跟名词.一般有三种表示形式.例:This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.= This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off.= This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.B. 名词性从句1. 主语从句主要用于哪些句型中？It is + (名词、形容词、过去分词) + that ...It seems(mattes / happened) that...2. that在名词性从句中应注意哪些问题？★that在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中（除宾语从句）即使不充当成分，that 不能省。
高中英语名词性从句详解(最新整理)
I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. I consider it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken
English. We think it possible that the young master at least two foreign languages. ⑥某些动词后面，宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟。 这类动词常见的有：command（命令）, demand（要求）, desire（希望）, insist（坚持）, order（命令）, propose（提议）, recommend（推荐）, request（要求）, require（要求）, suggest（建议）等。 He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限
在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语 从句的先行词。 在②句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词 those，代词不能用作 同位语从句的先行词。 在③句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词 fact，它同样可以用作 定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。 由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但 定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。 2．when，where，why 引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地 点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地 点和原因的名词。例如：
注意事项：定从与同位语从句的区别，不要混淆哦！
高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了!
高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了！定语从句作为英语语法，在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分，也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大，屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志！概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which 替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)关系词的分类①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）③关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类：①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较：He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
名词性从句考点归纳
名词性从句考点纳概念: 在整个句中起名词作用的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
判断：主语从句在谓语动词前，且常用形式主语it宾语从句在动词、介词、形容词后表语从句在系动词后（be, seem, look等）同位语从句在名词后且引导词在从句中不作成分连接词分为三类：从属连词：that, (不充当从句的任何成分, 不可省，没有意义whether/ if (不充当从句的任何成分，不可省，“是否”的意思)连接代词：what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever),whose: 充当主、宾、表、定连接副词：when, where, how, why (充当状语)名词性从句的做法1.判断2.从句中缺什么给什么考点一：what vs. thatwhat 在句中充当成分，后面跟意思是：that在从句中充当成分，后面跟，意义you have done might do harm to other people.you don’t like him is none of my business.考点二：that 的省略●由连接词that引导从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但是，从句是并列句时，第二个分句及以后的分句前的that 。
He told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow and he will visit many sights.●that位于句首引导主语从句时，不能省略。
He will win the match is certain.It is certain that he will win the match.he will win the match is certain.考点三：whether vs. if在名词性从句中表示“是否”多用，if 只用于引导从句。
考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句
考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句）定语从句考点归纳1．高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。
2．选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。
把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。
例如：I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。
又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。
3．注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。
4．注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗? (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+w hich”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?(Do you remember the day when you joined our club?)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.常用关系词列表:名词性从句考点归纳1．在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。
考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句
【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句）定语从句考点归纳1．高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。
2．选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。
把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。
例如：I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。
又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school.“in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。
3．注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。
4．注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you他就是你想见的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days agoA. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as 引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.名词性从句考点归纳1．在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。
考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句优选稿
考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句）定语从句考点归纳1．高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。
2．选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。
把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。
例如：I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。
又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。
3．注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。
4．注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+w hich”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.常用关系词列表:名词性从句考点归纳1．在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。
复合句(状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句)
4. while从句的谓语动词不可以是短暂性的。
考点归纳2：时间、条件状语从句的时态一致性 1. 句型“It will be＋段时间＋before从句”，表示 “不久 …… 就 ……”。从句用一般现在时代替一般将来 时。
2. 句型“It is＋段时间＋since＋一般过去时。”主 句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。若从句谓语 动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若从句谓语动词是 短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。
【解析】B 题意：2011年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特· 米德尔顿步入了他们的婚礼殿堂。先行词是表示时间 的名词，定语从句缺少状语，所以用 when 引导。 that 在从句中不能作状语； since 与 before 不能引导定语从 句。
例 2 ： (2011· 江 西 卷 )Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you. A. whenever C. whichever B. however D. wherever
【解析】D 他的字迹模糊不清，以至于很难弄清他 到底在试图表达什么。所选项引导 make out后的宾语 从句，并在从句中作表语，故用what。
【小结】
状语从句是近几年高考常考的内容之一。主要考 查时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结 果状语从句，目的状语从句，条件状语从句和让步状 语从句。很少考查方式状语从句。
考点归纳2：关系代词与关系副词的选用 如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从 句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用 when, where, why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或 理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状语，而是作主语、 宾语或表语，引导词则用that或which。
英语六级语法常见考点归纳
英语六级语法常见考点归纳在英语六级考试中，语法一直是考生最为担心的部分之一。
熟练掌握常见的语法知识点，不仅可以帮助我们更好地理解英语句子的结构和含义，还可以在考试中迅速准确地回答语法相关的问题。
本文将对六级考试中常见的语法知识点进行归纳总结，以便考生们能够更好地备考。
一、时态和语态1. 一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或真理性陈述。
例句：I usually go to school by bus.2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。
例句：She is watching TV at the moment.3. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例句：He lived in London for five years.4. 现在完成时：表示过去某个时间开始的动作一直持续到现在，或者与现在有关的动作。
例句：I have known her since we were in college.5. 过去进行时：表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
例句：We were having dinner when the phone rang.6. 一般将来时：表示将来某个时间或将来习惯性的动作。
例句：They will come to visit us next week.7. 被动语态：表示动作的承受者，强调动作的发出者。
例句：The book was written by Mark Twain.二、条件句1. 条件句类型一：表示对未来可能发生的事情进行设想或推测。
例句：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.2. 条件句类型二：表示虚拟的条件，与事实相反。
例句：If I were you, I would study harder.3. 条件句类型三：表示过去的不可能发生的情况。
例句：If I had known about the plan, I would have joined.三、虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气用于表达非现实或假设的情况，通常包括以下几种情况：- 表示建议、要求、命令：I suggest that he (should) come early.- 表示愿望、要求、建议：I wish I were taller.- 表示假设的情况：If I were you, I would go.四、从句连接词1. 名词性从句：作为主语、宾语或表语，连接词有that, whether, what等。
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【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句）定语从句考点归纳1．高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。
2．选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。
把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。
例如：I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：thescientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。
又如：The school _____I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。
3．注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which 引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。
4．注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
考点精析1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you他就是你想见的人吗(who/that在从句中作主语)Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的.(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了(which/that在句中作宾语)2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.(1). When, there, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗(2). that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days agoA. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案: (1) D (2) A关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).4.限制性和非限制性定语从句(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子(限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的(非限制性)(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍5.介词+关系词(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.(2)that前不能有介词.(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(This is the house where I lived two years ago)Do you remember the day on which you joined our club(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.Tom, as we know is from England.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.7.关系代词的that用法(1)不用that的情况1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:2)介词后不能用.例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.常用关系词列表:名词性从句考点归纳1．在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。
根据它们在句中所充当的成分不同，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。
2．广东高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在连词的选择及各类名词性从句的应用上，注意掌握常见的从属连词that、if、whether等的用法、常见的连接代词who、what、which、whoever等的用法以及常见的连接副词when、where、why、how等的用法。
3．几个要注意的问题：A．同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别：一方面从概念和功能上区别：名词性从句作同位语一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。