Two techniques Marlowe use in the soliloquy
相似相溶原理的英文
相似相溶原理的英文The Principle of Similarity and SolubilityThe concept of similarity and solubility is a fundamental principle in various scientific disciplines, particularly in chemistry and physics. This principle, also known as the "like dissolves like" principle, suggests that substances with similar chemical or physical properties tend to be soluble in one another. This principle has far-reaching implications in understanding the behavior of materials, the formation of solutions, and the design of effective separation and purification techniques.At the core of the principle of similarity and solubility is the idea that the interactions between molecules or particles are governed by the intermolecular forces that exist between them. These intermolecular forces, which include van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and dipole-dipole interactions, play a crucial role in determining the solubility of a substance in a given solvent. When the intermolecular forces between the solute and the solvent are strong, the solute will readily dissolve in the solvent, resulting in a homogeneous solution.One of the most widely recognized examples of the principle ofsimilarity and solubility is the solubility of polar and nonpolar substances. Polar substances, such as water, tend to be soluble in other polar solvents, like alcohols or ammonia, due to the strong dipole-dipole interactions between the molecules. Conversely, nonpolar substances, such as oils and fats, are typically insoluble in polar solvents but readily dissolve in other nonpolar solvents, such as hydrocarbons or carbon tetrachloride, where the intermolecular forces are more compatible.The principle of similarity and solubility also extends to the behavior of ionic compounds, where the solubility is determined by the strength of the ionic bonds and the interactions between the ions and the solvent molecules. Ionic compounds with high lattice energies, such as sodium chloride (table salt), are generally less soluble in water compared to ionic compounds with lower lattice energies, such as potassium nitrate.The understanding of the principle of similarity and solubility has led to the development of various separation and purification techniques in chemistry and related fields. For example, the process of recrystallization, which is commonly used to purify organic compounds, relies on the principle of similarity and solubility. In this process, the impure compound is dissolved in a suitable solvent, and the solution is then slowly cooled or evaporated, allowing the pure compound to crystallize out while leaving the impurities behind.Another application of the principle of similarity and solubility is in the design of effective solvents for various industrial and research applications. The selection of an appropriate solvent is crucial in processes such as extraction, reaction, and cleaning, as the solvent must be able to effectively dissolve the target compounds while leaving the unwanted substances behind.Furthermore, the principle of similarity and solubility has implications in the field of biological systems, where the solubility and transport of various biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, are crucial for the proper functioning of living organisms. The ability of these biomolecules to interact with and dissolve in the aqueous environment of the body is essential for their participation in various metabolic and physiological processes.In conclusion, the principle of similarity and solubility is a fundamental concept that underpins our understanding of the behavior of materials and the design of effective separation and purification techniques. By recognizing the importance of intermolecular forces and the compatibility between solutes and solvents, scientists and engineers can harness this principle to develop innovative solutions to a wide range of practical problems in chemistry, physics, and beyond.。
literary terms
Alliteration:头韵∙use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse; "around the rock the ragged rascal ran"∙(alliteratively) in an alliterative manner; "the early Norse poets wrote alliteratively"∙In poetry, alliteration refers to repetition of a consonant in any syllables that, according to the poem's meter, are stressed as if they occurred at the beginning of a word, as in James Thomson's verse "Come…dragging the lazy languid Line along" .∙(Alliterations) Do any of your spelling words begin with the same sound? Even if they don't, you can write alliterations for them! Try to use as many words as you can within the sentence that have the same beginning sound -- BUT it has to make sense to be a sentence! Now try saying them quickly. ...∙words and phrases of which a (primary- or secondary-stressed) syllable alliterates with another (stressed) syllable of the same word or phrase. ...∙Used for poetic effect, a repitition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frost's poem "Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,": I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. ...∙The same consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a sentence or a line of poetry. For example, the sound of P in Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.∙repetition of sounds, usually the first letters of successive words, or words that are close together.Alliteration usually applies only to consonants.∙The repetition of initial consonant sounds in words (e.g. rough and ready).∙using the same consonant to start two or more stressed words or syll= ables in a phrase or verse line, or using a series of vowels to begin such words or syllables in sequence. Alliteration need not re-use all initial consonants: words like "train" and "terrific" alliterate.Shakespearian sonnetWilliam Shakespeare wrote one hundred fifty-four sonnets. A sonnet is a form of lyric poetry with fourteen lines and a specific rhyme scheme. (Lyric poetry presents the deep feelings and emotions of the poet as opposed to poetry that tells a story or presents a witty observation.) .The topic of most sonnets written in Shakespeare's time is love–or a theme related to love.∙ A sonnet is a form of a poem that originated in Europe, mainly Italy: the Sicilian poet Giacomo da Lentini is credited with its invention.[1] They commonly contain 14 lines. The term "sonnet" derives only from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning "little song" or "little sound". By the thirteenth century, it signified a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure. Conventions associated with the sonnet have evolved over its history.Writers of sonnets are sometimes called "sonneteers," although the term can be used derisively.One of the best-known sonnet writers is William Shakespeare, who wrote 154 of them (not including those that appear in his plays). A Shakespearean, or English, sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line containing ten syllables and written in iambic pentameter, in which a pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable is repeated five times. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g; the last two lines are a rhyming couplet. Soliloquy自言自语，独白∙An act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, esp. by a character in a play∙ A part of a play involving such an act∙The act of a character speaking to himself so as to reveal his thoughts to the audience; A speech or written discourse in this form; To issue a soliloqu∙speech you make to yourself∙ a (usually long) dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflectionsA monologue in a drama used to give the audience information and to develop the speaker's character. It is typically a projection of the speaker's innermost thoughts. Usually delivered while the speaker is alone onstage, a soliloquy is intended to present an illusion of unspoken reflection.a speech in which a character, alone on the stage, addresses himself or herself; it is a dramatic means of letting the audience know the character's thoughts and feelings.Epic史诗A long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nationHeroic couplet英雄双韵体∙ a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter and written in an elevated style ∙It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry, which rhyme & are written with five beats each∙(in verse) A pair of rhyming iambic pentameters, much used by Chaucer and the poets of the 17th and 18th centuries such as Alexander Pope∙ A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines.The rhyme is always masculine. ...∙iambic pentameter lines rhyming in pairs, most commonly used for satiric or didactic poetry, and particularly favoured in the eighteenth century.∙Two successive lines of rhymed poetry in iambic pentameter, so called for its use in the composition of epic poetry in the 17th and 18th centuries. ...∙Two successive rhyming lines of iambic pentameter. The second line is usually end-stopped. It was common practice to string long sequences of heroic couplets together in a pattern of aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff (and so on). ...∙ A pair of rhyming lines that are written in iambic pentameter. This couplet is called "heroic" because it was first used to translate Greek and Roman epics.∙ A pair of rhymed lines of iambic pentameter. For example, see Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Pardoner´s Tale." Perhaps the most polished instances of this form are provided by Alexander Pope.Free verse 自由体诗∙Poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter∙unrhymed verse without a consistent metrical pattern∙Free verse is a form of poetry which refrains from meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern.∙Freeverse is the Filipino rock band.∙The following is an episode list for the 1980s undercover cop television series Miami Vice. In the United States, the show was aired on NBC. The first episode of the series premiered on September 16, 1984 with the series concluding on May 21, 1989 after five seasons. ...∙Poetry composed of either rhymed or unrhymed lines that have no set meter.∙Unrhymed Poetry with lines of varying lengths, and containing no specific metrical pattern. The poetry of Walt Whitman provides us with many examples. Consider the following lines from "Song of Myself. ...∙lines with no prescribed pattern or structure∙Poetry which lacks a regular stress pattern and regular line lengths (and which may also be lacking in rhyme). Free verse should not be confused with blank verse.∙poetry without any fixed pattern of meter, rhythm, or rhyme, but which instead exhibits its own natural rhythms, sound patterns, and seemingly arbitrary principles of form. Example: most of the poems in Leaves of Grass.∙poetry that does not use traditional meter or rhyme.∙ a form of poetry that does not contain repeated rhythms or regular rhyme, but does use other sound devices like assonance, alliteration, imagery.Blank verse∙Blank verse is poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter∙Blank Verse is any verse comprised of unrhymed lines all in the same meter, usually iambic pentameter. It was developed in Italy and became widely used during the Renaissance because it resembled classical, unrhymed poetry.Elegy哀歌; 悲歌; 挽歌.∙ A poem or prose selection that laments or mediates on the passing or death of something or someone of value.∙ A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead∙ A lyric poem that laments the death of a person or the eventual death of all people. In a conventional elegy, set in a classical world, the poet and subject are spoken of as shepherds. ...∙poem of loss, usually mourning the death of a public figure, or someone close to the poet.∙ A mournful or contemplative lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead, often ending in consolation.Objective correlative∙An objective correlative is a literary term referring to a symbolic article used to provide explicit, rather than implicit, access to such traditionally inexplicable concepts as emotion or colour. Epiphany∙An epiphany is the sudden realization or comprehension of the (larger) essence or meaning of somethingStream of consciousness意识流∙ A person's thoughts and conscious reactions to events, perceived as a continuous flow. The term was introduced by William James in his Principles of Psychology (1890)∙ A literary style in which a character's thoughts, feelings, and reactions are depicted in a continuous flow uninterrupted by objective description or conventional dialogue. James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and Marcel Proust are among its notable early exponentsHumanism∙Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new learning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, but the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.Metaphysical poetry∙The term "metaphysical poetry" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery in drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved, with God, or with himself.∙The metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion. These poets were not formallyaffiliated; most of them did not even know or read each other.Enlightenment∙ A European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith∙The Enlightenment MovementThe 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality & science. They called for a reference to order, reason & rules & advocated universal education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander pope & so on.Lake poets∙The Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century. As a group, they followed no single "school" of thought or literary practice then known, although their works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review[citation needed]. They are considered part of the Romantic Movement.Romanticism∙ A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual∙An art style which emphasizes the personal, emotional and dramatic through the use of exotic, literary or historical subject matter.∙ A term loosely applied to literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and 19th centuries.Resulting in part from the libertarian and egalitarian ideals of the French Revolution, the romantic movements had in common only a revolt against the prescribed rules of classicism. ...American transcendentalism∙American transcendentalism was an important movement in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century (about 1836-1860). It began as a reform movement in the Unitarian church, extending the views of William Ellery Channing on an indwelling God and the significance of intuitive thought. It was based on "a monism holding to the unity of the world and God, and the immanence of God in the world" (Oxford Companion to American Literature 770). For the transcendentalists, the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains.∙Transcendentalists rejected Lockean empiricism, unlike the Unitarians: they wanted to rejuvenate the mystical aspects of New England Calvinism (although none of its dogma) and to go back to Jonathan Edwards' "divine and supernatural light," imparted immediately to the soul by the spirit of God.∙Basically, Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-re1iant.Critical realism批判现实主义∙The Victorian Age is an age of realism rather than of romanticism-a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral & physical diseases as they are. To be true to life becomes the first requirement for literary writing. As the mirror of truth, literature has come very close to daily life,reflecting its practical problems & interests & is used as a powerful instrument of human progress.∙In the philosophy of perception, critical realism is the theory that some of our sense-data (for example, those of primary qualities) can and do accurately represent external objects, properties, and events, while other of our sense-data (for example, those of secondary qualities and perceptual illusions) do not accurately represent any external objects, properties, and events. Put simply, Critical Realism highlights a mind dependent aspect of the world, which reaches to understand (and comes to understanding of) the mind independent world.Imagism意象派∙ A movement in early 20th-century English and American poetry that sought clarity of expression through the use of precise images. The movement derived in part from the aesthetic philosophy of T.E. Hulme and involved Ezra Pound, James Joyce, Amy Lowell, and others∙ a movement of early 20th-century poets who used colloquial, concise, and image-laden language, not poetic diction. These include Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, H.D., D. H. Lawrence, William Carlos Williams, and Amy Lowell.Lost generation迷惘的一代∙It refers to, in general, the post-World WarⅠgeneration, but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists, who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism.The remark of Gertrude Stein, "You are all a lost generation, "addressed to Hemingway, was used as an epigraph to the latter's novel The Sun Also Rises, which brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. The generation was "lost" in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U.S. that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial, materialistic, and emotional barren. The term embraces Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, E.E.Cummings, and many other writers who made Paris the center of their literary activities in the 1920s.∙The generation reaching maturity during and just after World War I, a high proportion of whose men were killed during those years∙An unfulfilled generation coming to maturity during a period of instability∙This term refers to a group of American writers who lived primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s. Bitter about their World War I experiences and disillusioned with different aspects of American society, these writers were seen to be ex-patriots.。
外研社学术英语(第二版)综合Unit 2 (教师用书U2
Unit 2 EconomicsI Teaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 2, students (Ss) are expected to develop the following academic skills and knowledge:II Teaching Activities and ResourcesReadingText ALead-inTeaching StepsAsk Ss to work in pairs and do the task in Lead-in. Then invite several Ss to share their answers with the whole class.Answer Keys1.The invisible hand.2.Our economic life is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of totalstrangers.The activities of countless far-flung men and women have to be intricately choreographed and precisely timed. However, no one coordinates it, and yet they do cooperate. It’s “the invisible hand” —the mysterious power that leads innumerable people, each working for his own gain, to promote ends that benefit many. Out of the seeming chaos of millions of uncoordinated private transactions emerges the spontaneousText AnalysisTeaching Steps1.OverviewAsk Ss to preview Text A before class. Or, allocate some time for Ss to read the text quickly in class. Then invite several Ss to summarize the main idea of Text A.2.In-Depth Analysis1)Show Ss the following words and ask them to contribute to the class as muchas possible with what they know about these words. Provide additional information in Supplementary Information when necessary.•the invisible hand•free-market economy•economic downturn•An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations2)Explain some important language points in Language Support to Ss.3)Discuss with Ss the invisible hand in the author’s eyes by doing Task 1 inCritical reading and thinking.4)Organize a group discussion about the questions from Task 2 in Criticalreading and thinking. Encourage Ss to think independently, critically and creatively and share their ideas with each other.Supplementary Information1.free-market economyIn a free market economy, the laws and forces of supply and demand, rather than a central government, regulate production and labor. The prices for goods and services are self-regulated by buyers and sellers negotiating in an open market.Most companies and resources are not owned by the state. Instead, they are owned by private individuals or entities who are free to trade contracts with each other. 2.economic downturnAn economic downturn is a general slowdown in economic activity over a sustained period of time. It occurs when the value of stocks, property, and commodities fall, productivity either grows more slowly or declines, and GDP shrinks, stands still or expands more slowly. It can happen in a specific region (e.g.the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s) or on a global scale (e.g. the global financial crisis in the late 2000s). The main features of an economic downturn include rising unemployment, falling share and house prices, low consumer confidence and declining investment.4．An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations（《国富论》）An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is Adam Smith’s masterpiece. It was first published in 1776, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in economics. Through reflection over the economics at the beginning of theIndustrial Revolution, the book touches upon broad topics such as the division of labor, productivity and free markets.Language Support1.Individual buyers and sellers will act according to what is in their own bestinterests. (Para. 2)The phrase “in one’s interest” means “for one’s benefit or advantage”（为了……的利益；为……着想）. There are some relevant expressions, such as “in the interest of one”, “in one’s own interest”, and “in one’s best interest”.e.g. It’s obviously in their interest to increase profits.I suspect it’s in your own best interest to quit now.2.Customers are likewise typically looking out for their self-interests. (Para. 4)The word “likewise” is used to signal a comparison that explains how things are similar（同样的；此外）.e.g. In this episode, we will likewise deal with another extremely commonquestion.Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.Other special words and expressions are often used to signal the comparison of two or more people, places, things, ideas, etc. Here are some examples of these signposts for your reference:similarly, both, just as, and also, resemble, parallel, in the same manner, inthe same way, alike, equally3.The market becomes more efficient as buyers and sellers move in the samedirection—as if directed by an invisible hand. (Para. 5)这里的as if用于省略句。
高级英语2第三版unit2课文翻译+课后英译汉部分划线
高级英语2第三版unit2课文翻译+课后英译汉部分划线Unit 2 Marrakech马拉喀什见闻1、As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.尸体被抬过去的时候，成群的苍蝇嗡嗡地飞离了餐馆的饭桌，尾随尸体去，几分钟后又嗡嗡地飞了回来。
2、The little crows of mourners – all me and boys, no women – threaded their way across the marker place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flied is that the corpses here are never put into coffins; they are merely wrapped in a piece of ray and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole afoot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth. Like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried.一支人数不多的送葬队伍-其中老老小小全是男的，没有女人——挤过一堆堆的石榴，穿行在出租车和骆驼之间，迂回着穿过市场，嘴里还一遍遍地哀号着一支短促的悲歌。
23816471_电解水替代强碱提取大豆渣可溶性多糖工艺优化研究
第44卷第1期2021年1月河北农业大学学报JOURNAL OF HEBEI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITYVol.44 No.1Jan.2021电解水替代强碱提取大豆渣可溶性 多糖工艺优化研究袁 森，杜明星，李博生（北京林业大学 生物科学与技术学院，北京 100083）摘要：豆渣为大豆加工的剩余物，利用率低，电解水（Electrolyzed Water，EW）是1种酸碱温和，环境友好的溶剂。
此实验以豆渣为原料，目的是对电解水替代强碱提取大豆渣可溶性多糖的方法进行探究优化。
以电解水不同程度代替传统工艺中所用的NaOH，在单因素试验的基础上，应用正交分析法得到了电解水提取大豆渣多糖最佳工艺条件：提取温度65℃、提取时间70 min、提取pH =11、料液比1∶10，所得大豆渣可溶性多糖提取率为8.71%；优化实验中得到了当EW∶NaOH（V∶V）=4∶6时综合提取效果最好，提取率为12.08%。
该方法与传统碱提法的提取率相近，但减少了40%的强碱使用量，在工业生产上不失为1种即经济又绿色的提取方法。
关 键 词：豆渣；电解水；提取；可溶性多糖中图分类号：TS214.9开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：文献标志码：AOptimization of extraction of soluble polysaccharides from soybeanresidue by electrolyzed water replacing strong alkaliYUAN Sen, DU Mingxing, LI Bosheng(College of Biological Science and Technology，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China) Abstract: Okara is the remainder of soybean processing with a low utilization rate. Electrolyzed water (EW) is anenvironment-friendly solvent with mild acid-base. This experiment used okara as the raw material to explore andoptimize the extraction method of soluble polysaccharides from okara with electrolyzed water instead of strong alkali.The electrolysis water was used to replace the NaOH, which was used in the traditional process. On the basis of singlefactor test, the orthogonal process was adopted to obtain the optimal process conditions for the extraction of soybeanresidue polysaccharides from electrolysis water: extraction temperature 65 ℃, extraction time 70 min, extraction pHof 11, material-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10, and the extraction rate of soluble polysaccharides from soybean residue was8.71%. The optimization experiment showed that when EW∶NaOH (V∶V)=4∶6, the comprehensive extraction effectwas the best, and the extraction rate was 12.08%. The extraction rate of this method is similar to that of the traditionalalkali extraction method, but it reduces the use of strong alkali by 40%. It is an economical and environment-friendly收稿日期：2020-07-02基金项目： 国家林业与草原局重点项目（2017-01）.第一作者： 袁 森（1995-），男，河南开封人，硕士研究生，主要从事农产品加工及贮藏工程研究.E-mail:***********************通信作者： 李博生（1956-），男，北京人，博士，教授，主要从事螺旋藻及微藻藻种选育和产业发展研究.E-mail: ****************本刊网址：http: // hauxb. hebau. edu. cn: 8080 /CN/ volumn / home. shtml文章编号：1000-1573(2021)01-0085-06DOI：10.13320/ki.jauh.2021.001186第44卷河北农业大学学报我国是大豆种植和加工的主要国家之一，近年来，我国自产和进口大豆总量约为9000余万t，在大豆工业生产过程中会产生30%左右的豆渣，因此，豆渣的综合利用显得尤为重要［1-3］。
库仑法容量法英文
库仑法容量法英文Coulomb's Law and Capacitance: Understanding the Fundamentals of ElectricityElectricity is a fundamental aspect of our modern world, powering our devices, lighting our homes, and enabling the vast interconnected systems that support our daily lives. At the heart of this electrical realm lies the understanding of two crucial concepts: Coulomb's law and capacitance. These principles, rooted in the pioneering work of scientists and physicists, provide the foundation for our comprehension of the behavior and interactions of electric charges.Coulomb's law, named after the French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, is a fundamental principle that describes the force of interaction between two stationary electric charges. This law states that the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Mathematically, this relationship can be expressed as F = k(q1 * q2) / r^2, where F is the force, q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges, r is the distance between them, and k is a constant known as the Coulomb constant.This law has far-reaching implications in the world of electricity and electronics. It governs the behavior of charged particles, such as electrons and protons, and helps us understand the interactions between charged objects. For instance, Coulomb's law explains the attraction and repulsion between charged particles, which is crucial in understanding the behavior of electric fields and the movement of electric current.Capacitance, on the other hand, is a measure of the ability of a system to store electric charge. It is a fundamental property of electrical circuits and devices, and it plays a crucial role in the storage and manipulation of electrical energy. Capacitance is typically measured in units of farads (F), and it is determined by the physical characteristics of the capacitor, such as the area of the plates, the distance between them, and the dielectric material used.Capacitors are essential components in many electronic circuits, serving a variety of functions. They can be used to filter and smooth electrical signals, to store energy for later use, and to control the flow of electric current in various applications. Capacitors are found in a wide range of electronic devices, from simple household appliances to complex communication systems and advanced computing technologies.The concept of capacitance is closely tied to Coulomb's law. When a capacitor is charged, the electric field between the plates creates a potential difference, or voltage, across the capacitor. The amount of charge that can be stored in a capacitor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and this relationship is described by the formula Q = C * V, where Q is the charge, C is the capacitance, and V is the voltage.Understanding the interplay between Coulomb's law and capacitance is crucial for the design and analysis of electrical circuits and systems. Engineers and scientists use these principles to predict the behavior of electrical components, to design efficient power supplies and energy storage systems, and to develop advanced technologies that rely on the manipulation of electric charges.In the field of electronics, Coulomb's law and capacitance are fundamental concepts that underpin the operation of a wide range of devices, from simple switches and transistors to complex integrated circuits and microprocessors. These principles are also essential in the study of electromagnetism, which encompasses the behavior of electric and magnetic fields and their interactions.As our reliance on electricity and electronic technology continues to grow, the understanding of Coulomb's law and capacitance will become increasingly important. Researchers and engineers willcontinue to explore new applications and innovations that leverage these fundamental principles, driving the development of ever-more sophisticated and efficient electrical systems that power our modern world.。
小学上册第十次英语第六单元全练全测(含答案)
小学上册英语第六单元全练全测(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Which day is the weekend?A. MondayB. FridayC. SundayD. Wednesday2.The flowers are _____ in the sunshine. (smiling)3.My ______ tells me about different cultures.4.The chemical symbol for vanadium is _______.5.What is the name of the tool used for writing?A. PenB. BrushC. MarkerD. Pencil答案:D6.The __________ (历史的推动) inspires change.7.__________ are used in batteries to store chemical energy.8.What animal is known as "man's best friend"?A. CatB. BirdC. DogD. Fish答案:C9.What is the opposite of soft?A. HardB. SmoothC. GentleD. Tender10.What do we call the study of the mind and behavior?A. PsychologyB. SociologyC. AnthropologyD. Psychiatry答案:A11.Which sport is played with a round ball and a net?A. SoccerB. BaseballC. FootballD. Golf答案:A12.The first female governor in the U.S. was ________ (娜奈·亨利).13.My cousin is a __________ (演员).14. A ___ (小狐) has a bushy tail.15.I have a _____ (新朋友) at school.16.The __________ is a famous desert in the southwestern United States. (死谷)17.My ________ (玩具名称) is a fun way to bond with friends.18.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Yemen?A. Sana'aB. ShibamC. MaribD. All of the above19.Chemical reactions can produce light, heat, or ______.20.What do we call the person who teaches students?A. DoctorB. TeacherC. ChefD. Engineer答案:B21.What is the name of the famous artist known for his paintings of water lilies?A. Claude MonetB. Vincent van GoghC. Pablo PicassoD. Leonardo da Vinci22.What is the name of the region of space that contains many small, icy bodies?A. Kuiper BeltB. Oort CloudC. Asteroid BeltD. Heliosphere23.I think pets are important because they can provide __________.24. A butterfly starts as a ______.25.An element with a full outer shell of electrons is usually __________.26.I enjoy ________ at the beach.27.How many colors are in a standard rainbow?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight答案:C28.What do we call the place where animals are kept for public viewing?A. ZooB. AquariumC. FarmD. Jungle答案:A29.The __________ (罗马帝国) was one of the most powerful empires in history.30.What is the term for a baby pig?A. CalfB. PigletC. FoalD. Kid答案:B Piglet31.My _____ (玩具飞机) flies high in the sky.32. Carta was signed at Runnymede, near ________ (伦敦). The Magn33.The Earth's surface features are influenced by both ______ and erosion.34.Which fruit is red and round?A. BananaB. AppleC. GrapeD. Pineapple35.The chemical formula for copper(I) oxide is _______.36.The chemical formula for table sugar is ______.37.We will have a ___. (party) next month.38.Which animal can fly?A. DogB. CatC. BirdD. Fish答案:C39.__________ are used to improve the flavor of food.40.We can play ________ (游戏名称) with our ________ (玩具).41. A base turns red litmus paper ________.42.The Earth's crust is made up of tectonic ______.43. A ____ is known for its loud, distinctive call at night.44.The dog is ___ at the park. (running)45.We need to ________ (study) for the test.46.The owl has excellent _________. (视力)47.The ______ loves to explore new ideas.48.What is the name of the famous scientist who developed the theory of relativity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Albert EinsteinC. Galileo GalileiD. Nikola Tesla49.Which festival is known as the Festival of Lights?A. ChristmasB. HanukkahC. DiwaliD. Eid答案:C Diwali50.Brazil is famous for its __________. (亚马逊热带雨林)51.What do we call the act of facilitating learning?A. TeachingB. EducatingC. MentoringD. All of the Above答案:D52.My toy _____ can move its arms and legs.53.Which animal is known as the king of the jungle?A. TigerB. LionC. BearD. Cheetah答案:B54.I have a ________ (玩偶) that talks when you squeeze it.55.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. SugarB. FlourC. SaltD. Milk答案:B56.What do we call the person who teaches students?A. EngineerB. TeacherC. DoctorD. Chef答案:B57.What do you call a group of wolves?A. PackB. FlockC. SchoolD. Herd58.In _____ (80), you can see the Northern Lights.59.My uncle, ______ (我的叔叔), is a skilled carpenter.60.I planted _____ (西红柿) last season.61.What is the name of the famous explorer known for crossing the Antarctic?A. Ernest ShackletonB. Robert ScottC. Roald AmundsenD. James Cook62. A ______ plays a key role in the habitat.63.What do you call a large mammal that lives in the ocean?A. FishB. WhaleC. SharkD. Dolphin64.My ________ (玩具名称) is a favorite among my family.65.My brother loves to play . (我哥哥喜欢玩。
中央音乐学院考博英语翻译真题及其解析
中央音乐学院考博英语翻译真题及其解析Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that theirpredecessor''s musical style did not include essentialcharacteristics that define jazz as jazz.Thus,1940''s swing wasbelittled by beboppers of the1950''s who were themselves attackedby free jazzes of the1960''s.The neoboppers of the1980''s and1990''s attacked almost everybody else.The titanic figure of Blacksaxophonist John Coltrane has complicated the arguments made byproponents of styles from bebop through neobop because in his ownmusical journey he drew from all those styles.His influence on alltypes of jazz was immeasurable.At the height of his popularity,Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop,the style that had broughthim fame,to explore the outer reaches of jazz.Geng duo yuan xiao wanzheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mianfei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jiazi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Coltrane himself probably believed that the only essentialcharacteristic of jazz was improvisation,the one constant in hisjourney from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal,Indian,andAfrican melodies.On the other hand,this dogged student andprodigious technician—who insisted on spending hours each daypracticing scales from theory books—was never able to jettisoncompletely the influence of bebop,with its fast and elaborate chainsof notes and ornaments on melody.Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played thetenor saxophone:he favored playing fast runs of notes built on a melody and depended on heavy,regularly accented beats.The first led Coltrane to sheets of sound”where he raced faster and faster, pile-driving notes into each other to suggest stacked harmonies.The second meant that his sense of rhythm was almost as close to rock as to bebop.Three recordings illustrate Coltrane''s energizing explorations. Recording Kind of Blue with Miles Davis,Coltrane found himself outside bop,exploring modal melodies.Here he played surging, lengthy solos built largely around repeated motifs—an organizing principle unlike that of free jazz saxophone player Ornette Coleman, who modulated or altered melodies in his solos.On Giant Steps, Coltrane debuted as leader,introducing his own compositions.Here the sheets of sound,downbeat accents,repetitions,and great speed are part of each solo,and the variety of the shapes of his phrases is unique.Coltrane''s searching explorations produced solid achievement.My Favorite Things was another kind of watershed.Here Coltrane played the soprano saxophone,an instrument seldom used by jazz musicians.Musically,the results were astounding.With the soprano''s piping sound,ideas that had sounded dark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy.When Coltrane began recording for the Impulse！Label,he was still searching.His music became raucous,physical.His influence on rockers was enormous,including Jimi Hendrix,the rock guitarist,who,following Coltrane,raised the extended guitar solo using repeated motifs to a kind of rock art form.The primary purpose of the text is to[A]discuss the place of Coltrane in the world of jazz and describe his musical explorations.[B]examine the nature of bebop and contrast it with improvisational jazz.[C]analyze the musical sources of Coltrane''s style and their influence on his work.[D]acknowledge the influence of Coltrane''s music on rock music and rock musicians.Which of the following best describes the organization of the fourth paragraph？[A]A thesis referred to earlier in the text is mentioned and illustrated with three specific examples.[B]A thesis is stated and three examples are given each suggesting that a correction needs to be made to a thesis referred to earlier in the text.[C]A thesis referred to earlier in the text is mentioned,and three examples are presented and ranked in order of their support of the thesis.[D]A thesis is stated,three seemingly opposing examples are presented,and their underlying correspondence is explained.According to the text,John Coltrane did all of the followingduring his career EXCEPT[A]improvise on melodies from a number of different cultures.[B]perform as leader as well as soloist.[C]spend time improving his technical skills.[D]eliminate the influence of bebop on his own music.According to the text a major difference between Coltrane and other jazz musicians was the[A]degree to which Coltrane''s music encompassed all of jazz.[B]repetition of motifs that Coltrane used in his solos.[C]number of his own compositions that Coltrane recorded.[D]indifference Coltrane maintained to musical technique.In terms of its tone and form,the text can best be characterized as[A]dogmatic explanation.[B]indignant denial.[C]enthusiastic praise.[D]speculative study.[答案与考点解析]「答案」A「考点解析」本题是一道中心主旨题。
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Three techniques Marlowe use in the soliloquy In 1558, Christopher Marlowe wrote a great play, The TragicalHistory of Doctor Faustus. As one of Marlowe’s best works, it bases on a German folk tale and tells a story of Faustus who sells his soul to the evil Lucifer in exchange for amazing powers and secret knowledge over a period of twenty-four years. In the scene at the end of the play, Doctor Faustus’soliloquy gets into an emotional climax. Marlowe uses three techniques to build up the emotional tension in the soliloquy.
First, Marlowe uses the change of time to present the emotional tension. At the beginning of the ends of the play, it tellsthat“now hast thou but one bare hour to live”. Then, “half the hour is past”. And then “the clock strikes twelve”. With the change of time, we can feel that the situation becomes more and more urgent.With time going by, Faustus has less and less time to live, and his mood get more and more agitated. Gradually he gets into an emotional climax.
Second, the environment description helps to build up the emotional tension. When there is only one hour to live, “mountains and hills, come,come and fall on me”. Half the hour later, “if thou wilt not have mercy on my soul”. After the clock strikes twelve, “thunder and lightning”. And as we all know, the environment has a great effect on the characters’mood.so the change of environment reflects the change of Faustus’ mood. Gradually he gets into an emotional climax.
Third, the tone of voice also plays an important role in building up the emotional tension. At first, “yet will I call on him---O spare me”. At that time the tone is very soft. Then, “yet for Christ’s sake, whose blood hath ransomed me, impose some end to my incessant”,
and “cursed be the parents that engendered me: no Faustus, curse thy self, curse Lucifer”. Obviously, the tone gets more intense than before. After the clock strikes twelve, “my God, my God, look not so fierce on me!”It is not hard to see the tone of voice becomes most intense ever. With the tone becoming more and more intense, gradually he gets into an emotional climax.
In conclusion, Marlowe uses three techniques to build up the emotional tension, namely the description of time changing, the environment description and the tone of voice. Just because of these techniques, we can have a better understanding of the role, theplay,the theme and the profound meaning that Christopher Marlowe wants to express.。