不定式和分词作状语,独立成分,独立主格结构和with复合结构(24张)
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构，它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是，它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导，并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语，后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如：- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系，即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词，它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如：- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系，但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下，独立主格放在句子的开头，用逗号与主句分开。
例如：- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词，后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系，但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
with 的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如:。
The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛. Don't talk with your mouth full。
嘴里有食物时不要讲话.2. with+宾语+副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed。
他眼睛半闭着听音乐. She sat with her head bent。
她低着头坐着。
4。
with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes。
冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning。
他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着. 5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms。
他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year—old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6。
with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如：With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film。
下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash。
with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
中考英语《句型结构》知识点：With的复合结构作独立主格
中考英语《句型结构》知识点：With的复合结构作独立主格在句子中，With可以引导复合结构作为独立主格来描述动作进行的方式、原因、伴随状态等情况。
下面是一些常见的使用With复合结构作独立主格的句型结构：1. With + 名词短语：用于描述动作进行的方式或条件。
例如：- With a smile, he greeted everyone in the room. （带着微笑，他向房间里的每个人问好。
）- With a lot of practice, you will improve your English. （通过大量的练习，你会提高英语水平。
）2. With + 动词的ing形式：用于描述动作进行时的伴随状态或条件。
例如：- With the baby crying, it was hard to concentrate. （宝宝在哭，很难集中注意力。
）- With the team working together, they completed the project on time. （团队一起努力，他们按时完成了项目。
）3. With + 副词/介词短语/从句：用于描述动作进行的原因或条件。
例如：- With the weather being so hot, we decided to go swimming. （由于天气太热，我们决定去游泳。
）- With the price of gas rising, many people are using public transportation. （由于汽油价格上涨，很多人使用公共交通工具。
）需要注意的是，With的复合结构作独立主格时，常与主谓语动词形成非限制性定语从句的关系，可以省略关系代词或并列连词(如that, which, and)。
希望以上内容对你有所帮助！。
with的复合结构作状语
页眉内容with的复合结构作状语：1．With + 名词+ 现在分词；表主动.With time passing by, he almost forgot everything.===As time passed by, he almost forgot everything.随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘掉了一切。
2．With + 名词+ 过去分词；表被动，He sat on the chair, with his eyes closed.===He sat on the chair, and his eyes was closed.他坐在椅子上，双眼紧闭。
3．With + 名词+ to do ; 表将来。
The manager has been busy these days, with a lot of work to do.经理最近一直很忙，有很多工作要做。
4．With + 名词+ 形容词; 表状态。
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.=== He stood in the rain, and his clothes was wet.With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.===Because his son was so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.5．With + 名词+ 副词；表状态.Our school looks even more beautiful, with all the lights on.===Our school looks even more beautiful, if all the lights are on.所有的灯都开着时，我们的学校看上去更美。
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.==The boy was walking, and his father was ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
独立主格结构和with复合结构
Withr a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步去了。
2. with+名词(代词)+形容词/副词/介词短语
The meeting over(=After themeetingwasover), they all went home.会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children(=andmany of themwerechildren).
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
二．with复合结构
with复合结构也是一种独立主格结构，用法同独立主格结构。主要有以下两种情况：
1.with+名词(代词)+分词/不定式
He fell asleep with the windows open.他开着窗睡觉。
He came into the room,withhisdog out.他回到了房子里，他的狗在外面。
He came out of the library,witha large book under hisarm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。
独立主格结构和with复合结构
一．独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成的一种独立结构，用来修饰整个句子。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词，如果有并列连词或从属连词，则用完整的谓语动词形式。
高考英语独立主格结构和with复合结构
一．独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成的一种独立结构，用来修饰整个句子。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词，如果有并列连词或从属连词，则用完整的谓语动词形式。
The exam to be held tomorrow(=Because the exam will be held tomorrow),Ican’t go to the cinematonight.由于明天要考试，我今夜不能去看电影。
2.名词(代词)+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
So many people absent(=Because somany peoplewereabsent), the meeting had to be called off.这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
名词/代词+having beendone(表被动且完成)
名词/代词+to do/ to be done（表将来）
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we’ll go out for a walk.如果天气允许，我们将出去散散步。
The boys rushed out, each carrying a schoolbag (=and each was carrying a schoolbag).孩子们跑了出来，每人背着一个书包。
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
With复合结构与独立主格结构
一：With复合结构与独立主格结构with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种结构形式。
从某种意义上说，它们可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。
它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。
虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。
抓住这一点，就可以把二者融会贯通，从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。
with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词（作逻辑主语）+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词（作逻辑主语）+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）请看下例：一、作时间状语1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday.=Our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday. 3、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.4、With the wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel.=The wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel.二、作原因状语5、With it being Sunday, the library was closed.=It being Sunday, the library was closed.6、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.=The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. 7、With us to care for the children you are able to be carefree away from home.=We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home.（注意此处的we 不得改成us，用了us便不是独立主格结构了。
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Reflection： 不定式主要是用作什么状语？ 作其它状语时，句子结构有什么特征？
三、. 分词作状语 1.分词作状语的形式
形式 (not) doing
(not) having done (not) being done
(not) having been done v.-ed (done)
意义 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
不定式或分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致，若不一致， 则需要带有自己的逻辑主语,称之为独立主格结构。 独立主格结构:名词/代词+分词/不定式(名词，形容词，副词，介词短语) ; with复合结构：with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式（名词，形容词，副词，
介词短语）。
特点: ①逻辑主语独立存在，与句子的主语不同。 ②逻辑主语与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。 ③独立主格结构一般由逗号与句子分开。
4) The holiday
finished (finish),we began our new term.
5) As a result, the virus had been found in the majority of provinces ，
with thousands of people i_n_f_ec_t_e_d___（infect）.
2.分词作状语的句法功能
eg.
As she didn't see anybody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
2) He glanced at her, noticing （notice）that though she was tiny, she seemed
very well.
and noticed that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.
区别：He lifted a rock only __t_o_d_r_o_p__(drop) it on his own.
3) When offered help,one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”. when he is offered help
lives to prevent the virus from further spreading.
中国所有的人都在牺牲他们正常生活的许多方面，以防止病毒进一步
传播。
二、不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 eg:1) He wrote an outline to refer to (so as / in order ) not to leave out any
不定式作原因状语，多见于表语(形容词)之后，这些表示情绪的形容词, 常见的有: happy, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, delighted, pleased 等。
4.特殊句型“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”
不定式作目的状语,其前还可加in order/so as,用in order /so as to do 结构进行强调。 区别：to do/in order to do可以放在句首;
so as to do 一般只放在句中。 否定: not to do/ in order not to do/ so as not to do
eg.1) Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong. 2) To tell you the truth (说实话）, I feel a little annoyed. 3） Provided（假如）that people each were sincere, they should forgive
important details for the presentation. in order/so that he couldn’t leave out...
2) In order to/To contain (contain) its spread, the Chinese government has stepped up measures, calling on people to stay at home __t_o_a_v_o_i_d_(avoid) infection.
each other a lot. 4) T__a_k_in_g__in__to__a_c_co_u__nt(考虑到）that the next one to two weeks are extremely
important in stopping the spread of infection, the government considers there to be a large risk of transmission at sports, cultural events and large gatherings of people.
3.不定式作原因状语
not，never， only，just，
but，all
翻译：I’m only too pleased to go with you.
我非常乐意和你一起去。 very
eg.You may be surprised to learn (learn)that a person can survive the disaster.
4) Having been warned (warn)many times, he still turned a deaf ear to
the novel coronavirus. Though he had been warned many times,,
5) Generally speaking , if taken （take）according to the directions , the drug
五、独立主格结构和with复合结构作状语
eg.1) Here're the first two volumes, the third one _to__c_o_m__e_ （come) out next
week.
2) Weather permitting (permit),we are going to call on you tomorrow. 3) So many people b_e_i_n_g_a_b_s_e_n_t（absent), we had to put off the meeting.
分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随、 结果等状况。为了强调,还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。
Reflection： 分词一般作什么状语？
如何区分使用它的不同形式？
四、独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式不受主句的影响,称作独立成分。常 见的有: generally speaking __一__般__来__说____; frankly speaking___坦__白__地__说_____; judging from/by......__根__据__…__…__来__判__断__ compared to/with _与__…__…__相__比____ supposing/ provided/ providing ...___假__如__，__如__果____ considering...given.../taking...into consideration(account) 考__虑__到__…__鉴__于__._._._ to tell you the truth/to be honest with you /honestly speaking _说__实__话_____
时间、条件、原因、目的、
让步、方式或伴随、结果。
一、不定式、分词作状语的基本原则
（不含地点和比较状语）
不定式、分词作状语时,句子主语一般是其逻辑主语，并且和句子主
语之间存在逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式、分
词作状语。
All of the people in China are sacrificing many aspects of their normal
济南市2020年寒假延期开学网络学习资源
高二年级英语学科 不定式和分词作状语 山东省实验中学西校 付韶光 济南市教育教学研究院监制
高二英语同步语法复习
不定式和分词作状语
非谓语动词用法比较
主动语态
被动语态
句法功能
do 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 主宾表 定 状状 补
不定 式
现在 分词
动名 词
4 ) Back off, Mom, I'm old enough to make (make) my own decisions!
5) I'm too tired
to stay
(stay)up any longer.
不定式可作结果状语，常出现在下列结构中: so/ such...as to ...enough to only to (常表示“意外的或事与愿违的结果”) too...to 等
eg:1) This question is easy to answer. 2)Data is nearly impossible to collect （collect） in the dark.