现代大学英语精读3Unit1
杨立民《现代大学英语精读（3）》（第2版）【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Unit1）
杨立民《现代大学英语精读（3）》（第2版）【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Unit1）Unit1一、词汇短语Text Acrisis[]n.危机；危险期；决定性时刻adj.危机的；用于处理危机的【例句】Affair have reached a crisis.事情已经发展到了紧要关头。
endeavor[]n.&v.努力，尽力，力图【例句】We must always endeavour to improve our work.我们任何时候都要努力改进自己的工作。
【词组】make one’s(best)endeavor(s)尽全力，竭力【助记】end（最后）+eavor（联想favor）→最后，缘分使努力成为现实。
perceive[]v.感知，察觉；理解，领悟，意识到【例句】Did you perceive a red colour or a green one?你看出来是红颜色还是绿颜色？【词组】perceive sth.as sth.理解或领悟某事物；认为【助记】per（透过）+ceive（取）→透过感觉来拿→察觉。
【派生】perception n.知觉；[生理]感觉；看法；洞察力；获取encyclopedia/encyclopaedia[]n.百科全书【例句】A dictionary deals with words and an encyclopedia deals with facts.词典讲解单词，而百科全书讲解事实。
genetic[]adj.遗传的，起源的【例句】Genetic engineering will have revolutionaryconsequences for mankind.遗传工程将对人类产生深远的影响。
【词组】genetic material遗传物质；基因材料genetic information遗传信息【派生】genetical adj.遗传的；起源的；创始的genetics n.遗传学【助记】gene（基因）+ticendow[]v.资助，捐赠；（with）给予，赋予【例句】Nature endowed her with a beautiful singing voice.大自然赋予她一副美妙的歌喉。
最新现代大学英语精读3uint1原文
Your College YearsHave you ever considered the changes that are taking place and will take place in your life as a college student? Has it ever occurred to you that your professors and other school personnel have certain goals for your growth and maturity during your college years? Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood? Though college students seldom think about them, key changes will probably happen to them during their college years.During this time, students are going through an identitycrisis and are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They have, of course, plenty of both. It is important to know how people perceive themselves as well as how other people perceive them. According to Piers and Landau, in an article discussing the theories of Erik H. Erickson in International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences (1979), identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. People are influenced by their environment and, in turn, influence their environment. How people see themselves in both roles is unquestionably a part of their identity.While students are going through an identity crisis, they are becoming independent from their parents, yet are probably still very dependent on them. This independence / dependence struggle is very much a part of the later adolescence stage. In fact, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education. Immediately after graduating from high school, some graduates choose to enter the work world. As a result ofthis choice, they may become financially independent from their parents. But college students have chosen to grow and learn new skills that take years to develop, so they probably need at least some degree of dependence on their parents.In his April 1984 article "Psychological Separation of Late Adolescents from Their Parents" in the Journal of Counseling Psychology, Jeffery A. Hoffman observed that there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from one's parents. First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda. Second, there is attitudinal independence, which means that individuals learn to see and accept the difference between their own attitudes, values, and beliefs and those of their parents. The third process of psychological separation is emotional independence. Hoffman defines this process as "freedom from an excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support inrelation to the mother and father." For example, college students would feel free to select the major that they want to pursue without feeling they must have parental approval. Fourth is freedom from "excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father." College students need to stand back and see where they are in the independence / dependence struggle.Probably one of the most stressful matters for young college students is establishing their sexual identity, which includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women. Each must define her or his sexual identity in a feminine or masculine role. These are exciting times yet frustrating times. Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. For example, when I was working with a young college student, he bounced into my office once with a smile on his face and excitement in his voice. The young man declared, "I've just had the best day of my life!" He wenton to explain how he had met an extraordinary young woman and how this relationship was all he had dreamed a romantic relationship should be. That same young man came into my office less than a week later, dragging his feet with a dismayed, dejected look on his face. He sat down in the same chair, sighed deeply, and declared, "I've just had the worst day of my life!" He and the young woman had just had an argument, and their relationship was no longer going well. Thus, the way students are relating to those of the opposite sex has a definite influence on their emotions.At the same time, these young adults are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world. This aspect of growth deals not only with interaction with the opposite sex but with friends of both sexes and all ages. As they grow and reach young adulthood, the way they relate to others changes. It is a time when they as adults should think about how they relate to and show proper respect for peers, how they relate to the children and young adolescents in their lives, and how they relate to their parents and show them affection. For example,when I was a graduate student at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, I visited my parents after I had just finished a course in counseling. During the course I had come to realize that while my world was expanding and new options were opening for me, my father, who was in his sixties, was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow. During my visit home, my father and I had several conversations in which we discussed the content of my course and how it applied to our lives. I found myself seeing my father in a different way and relating to him as a friend whom I could encourage. I was consciously encouraging the man who over the years had encouraged me. I was relating to my father in a different way.Another change for college students is internalizing their religious faith, their values, and their morals. Since birth, one or more parents have been modeling for them and teaching them certain beliefs, values, and morals. In their adolescent years, however, these matters are questioned and in some cases rebelled against. Now, as young adults, they have the opportunity to decide forthemselves what beliefs, values, and morals they are going to accept for their lives. In the late sixties, a young woman from a background that was extremely prejudiced against people from other races came to college convinced that her race was superior. She was distressed because she had been put into a dorm that had people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Over the next four years, this student, who considered herself intelligent, found herself in classes and social events in which people of other races performed as well as or more competently than she did. As she finished her senior year, she had grown to realize that people of other races were not only equal to her but were people who could be her friends and from whom she could learn. These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime.In addition to affirming personal values, college students develop new ways to organize and use knowledge. The challenges of academic life not only introduce them to new knowledge but force them to evaluate how they gather, process, and apply knowledge in their lives. Forsome, this will be a painful experience, but for all it will be a growing experience. One student with whom I had worked went on to become an English teacher. She shared with me how her attitude toward literature changed during her college years. "In high school I made good grades in English," she observed, "but the material meant very little to me." She then went on to explain how in college she came to realize that literature is one of the best ways to understand a culture. Her way of learning had changed. All students should be aware of how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning, how they process the knowledge presented to them, and how they organize this knowledge.And last of all, these young adults are becoming world citizens, are becoming aware not only of other groups in their own culture but also of people of other cultures. As they meet these people and interact with them, they find themselves being introduced to new ways of life and new ways of interpreting life. As they do so, they grow and become more mature people. A student attending a community college in his home town explained how as astudent he came to know a student from a Third World country —a country he had not even heard of before. The international student, who expected to be appointed to an important governmental position when he returned home, had a brother who taught law at the major university of his country. The American student and the international student became close friends and spent many hours sharing their thoughts and dreams. The American student observed, "Because of our friendship, I have come to understand people of Third World countries in a way I never realized possible. I can no longer read the newspaper or watch a television newscast without seeing the people from other countries in a different light. They are now real people who have dreams, hopes, and struggles, just as I do." Because of the opportunities he had while attending college, this young man, like many other students, experienced a new understanding of the world and of himself.College is designed to be a time of personal growth and expansion. At times it can be threatening. For certain, itis an experience that contributes to young adults' growth and maturity. Not only are they being introduced to new people and new knowledge, but they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information. Just as proudly, they are growing in their understanding of themselves, others, and the world in which they live.。
现代大学英语精读3 第二版 课后翻译 完整版 第一单元--第十六单元
Unit1 他对他的研究如此专心致志，从来没有过很快就要退休的念头。
1. He is so devoted to his research that it never occurs to him that he will soon have to retire. 很多人都曾说过，如果没有有效的制约，我们都有滥用权力的倾向。
2. Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we all have a tendency to abuse our power. 有些国家拒绝卷入这一争端，而且他们对外国的干涉非常反感。
3. refuse countries Some foreign any resent they and dispute this in involved get to interference. 控制沙城暴需要大量的工作和资金。
4. The control of sandstorm will involve a lot of work and money. 5. 你们用这些技术的时候，必须考虑到当地的条件。
You must take the local conditions into consideration when you apply these technologies. 美元的报名费。
50所有的申请者都必须填好这些表格，然后邮寄6. All applicants will have to fill out these forms and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars 他根据对孩子们行为的观察得出结论：学习是一种自然的乐趣。
7. (careful) his on Based that conclusion the to came he behavior, s ’childrenof observation learning is a natural pleasure. 在一个多民族的国家里，各民族之间的和谐需要小心处理。
现代大学英语精读3-第二版-unit1、2课文翻译[1]
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Unit 1 Your college years1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化？你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标？你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化？尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。
2在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要了解自己的身份，掌握自身的优缺点。
当然，优缺点他们兼而有之，且两者都为数不少。
重要的是人们如何看待自己，其他人又如何看待他们。
皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论，根据他们的观点，性格特征是由先天基因（即父母的遗传物质）所决定，由外部环境而形成，并受偶然事件的影响的。
人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。
人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。
3学生们经历自我认同危机的时候，他们也开始渐渐独立，但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。
这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。
事实上，这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。
高中一毕业，一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。
这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。
但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我，因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。
41984年4月杰利弗·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》，文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。
第一，独立处理日常生活的能力，它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力，如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。
第二，态度独立，即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。
第三个心理分离过程是情感独立，霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。
例如，大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业，而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。
现代大学英语精读第二版book3unit1
Unit 1
Warming up
Warming up Questions/Activities
1. What is the article mainly about? 2. How much do you know about developmental changes?
What does the author say that strikes you most? 3. What is an identity crisis? Can you define “identity〞? 4. Are there any other key concepts mentioned in the text that
2. identity: the qualities that make sb or sth what they are
3. who you are; what strengths and weaknesses you have; how you perceive yourself as well as how other people perceive you ( self image and the image you present to others)
• parallelism, e.g.
✓ words (para. 2): strengths and weaknesses ✓ phrases (para. 2): determined by genetic endowment;
shaped by environment; influenced by chance events ✓ sentences (para. 1): 3 consecutive questions
现代大学英语精读3第一单元知识点归纳
Unit1I.Word Studyaffection n.a gentle feeling of love and caringExamples: Every mother has/feels affection toward her children.He is held in great affection.affectionate a. He looks at her with affectionate looks.cf: affectation n.矫饰affirm v.to declare (usually again) positively; strengthen beliefs, ideas, or feelings Examples: affirm one’s judgment/innocence affirm sth. to sb.affirm that it is trueaffirmative a. affirmative reply/nod/reactionapply She is applying for a scholarship. Ointment ['ɔɪntmənt] n. 软膏, 油膏We should apply what we have learned to practice. a/the fly in the ointmentNot all natural laws can apply to human society. 扫兴的人；煞风景的事物Apply some of this ointment to the swollen part, and the pain will soon be gone.Capability n. the natural ability, skill, or power that makes you able to do sth. Examples: He has the capabilities of solving/to solve practical problems.It’s quite above his capabilities.ability :the power to do sth. well acquired naturally or by learningcapacity :ability to hold, contain, or learnfaculty: a special abilityHe has the ability to do the work, but he’s too lazy and won’t do it.The book is within the reading capacity of young readers.The auditorium has a seating capacity of 300 people.He has a faculty for painting.Contribute v. a. to join with others in giving help, money, etc.b. to help to cause or produceExamples: contribute food and clothing for the refugees contribute to the Red Cross Exercises contribute to one’s health. Drinking contributed to his ruin.distribute v. to give things to a large number of people; spread sth. over an area Examples: distribute pictures among children distribute magazines to subscribers distribute manure over a field (manure [mə'nʊə, -'njʊə] n. 肥料;粪便)counsel v. (fml.) to advise n. advice; opinion; suggestion counselor n. adviser; lawyer Examples: counsel care in the forthcoming negotiationHe counseled them giving up/to give up the plan.Distinct a. clearly different or belonging to a different type b. easily seen, understood; plain Examples: Silk is distinct from rayon. They are similar in form but distinct in kind.There is a distinct improvement in his pronunciation rayon['reɪɔn].He is at a distinct a dvantage in the competition n. 人造丝;人造纤维丝n. distinction ad. Distinctlydistinctive a. serving to mark a difference or make distinctExample: Soldiers wear a distinctive uniform.endeavore v. (fml.) to try very hard n. (fml.) effort; attemptExamples: He endeavoreo calm himself down but in vain.His endeavors to persuade her to go with him failed.endowment n. a. a quality or ability that someone has naturallyb. money, property, etc. given to provide an incomeExamples: They are men of great endowments.The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments.endow. a. to possess naturally, be born with b. to give a college, hospital, etc. a large sum of money that will provide it with an incomeExamples: She i s endowed with both beauty and brains.That hospital is privately endowed.Ethical a.connected with principles of what is right and what is wrongExamples: an ethical principle\an ethical basis for educationethnic a. a. of race or the races of mankind b. (colloq.) of a particular cultural group Examples: ethnic clothes/food/music/restaurantsExcessive a. much more than is reasonable or ecessaryExamples: excessive rainfall excessive chargesexcess n. an excess of enthusiasm.That is a city with a population in excess of two million.handle v. a. to touch, lift or turn with the hands b. to operate with the handsc. to manage, control or cope withd. to buy and sellExamples: This box contains delicate china. Please handle with care.This computer is easy to handle. This shop does not handle imported goods.We have to handle the relationship between our two countries carefully.Inherit v. to receive (genetic characters) from one’s parentsExamples: inherit money/estate/title(头衔)She inherited her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.n. inheritance继承遗留物继承权n. heritage（非物质文化）遗产,传统interpret a. to make clear the meaning of (either in words or by artistic performance)b. to consider to be the meaning ofc. to give an immediate oral translation of Examples: interpret a difficult passage in a book We interpreted his silence as a refusal.Will you interpret fo r the foreign visitors?n. interpreter口译工作者;口译译员n. interpretation解释, 说明; 诠释；表演; 演奏inhibition n. (psych.) a feeling of worry or embarrassment that stops you doing or saying what you really want toExample: Wine weakens a person’s inhibitions.inhibit v. to hinder; to restrain inhibit sb. from doing sth.involve v. a. to include as a necessary part or result b. to affectExamples: All reforms involv e certain tasks. He was deeply involved in the scandal The building of the dam involved relocating almost one million people.You have to involve every country in the fight against global warming.a. involved n. involvementobserve v. a. to see or notice; watch carefully b. to say by way of comment c.遵守Examples: The accused was observed trying to force the lock of the door.Some scientists observed that global warming is not necessarily related to human activities. n. observation a. observant善于观察的;观察力敏锐的；严守教规的occur v. a. to happen b. to come into one’s mind suddenly n. occurrence Examples: Over the years many floods have occurred in that area.It occurred to him that there was a better way to do it.I guess it never occurred to him to put aside some money for a rainy day.perceive v. (fml.) to become aware of, esp. throughthe eyes or the mindExamples: Musicians can perceive small differences in sounds.He gradually perceived that language and culture can’t be separated.a. perceptive洞察力强的adv. perceptively n. perceptiveness洞察力强;敏锐;理解力a. perceptible可感觉〔感受〕到的,可理解的,可认识的n. perceptionproject v. a. to plan\b. to cause a shadow, an outline, etc. on a surface\c. to present sb./sth./yourself to other people in a particular way, esp. one that gives a good impression Examples: project a dam/a new canal project a picture on a screenproject the future roles as men or womenshrink v. a. to make or become smaller, esp. through wettingb. to move back; show unwillingness to do sth.Examples: Will this shirt shrink in the wash?\ Car sales have been shrinking recently.A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers.contract v. to make or become smaller or shorter; make or become tighter or narrower Examples: Metals contract as they become cool. (n.合同v.订合同，染上) contract one’s muscles/the brows(眉)/foreheadII.Phrases and Expressionsbe equal to v.to be just as good as; have strength, courage,ability etc. for sth. Examples: Many of our products are equal to the best in the world.It is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color. He is equal to doing this task.dawn on/upon v.to begin to appear; grow clear to the mind Cf:It occurs to sb. that…Examples: The truth began to dawn on him. \It suddenly dawned on me that there was another thing that contributed to their economic success.drag one’s feet v.(figurative usage) to delay deliberatelyExamples:The local authorities are dragging their feet closing these coal mines.I can understand why they are dragging their feet over this reform. The reason is that it will affect their personal interests.for certain ad.certainly; definitely; no doubtExamples: He is probably an accountant. I don’t know for certain.I can’t say for certain how much this car will cost. It must be in the neighborhood of twohundred thousand yuan.freedom/free from no longer having sth. you do not wantfreedom from taxation freedom of press/speechExamples: The most important freedom our people should have is the freedom from hunger.An ideal society is one free from exploitation and oppressionWe look forward to a world founded upon essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want… everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear… anywhere in the world. “—Franklin D. Roosevelt go through1) to be passed or approved The Bill did not go through.2) to be concluded The deal did not go through.3) to discuss in detail Let’s go through the arguments again.4) to search The police went through the pockets of the suspected thief.5) to complete Let’s go through the exercises.6) to undergo; suffer He seemed to have forgotten all that he had gone through.7) to consume; use up It did not take Albert very long to go through his inheritance.8) to continue firmly to the end Knowing full well the difficulties the work involved, theywere still determined to go through with it.pull through1)to make sth. or sb. through by pullingThe eye of the needle is too small and I can’t pull the thread through.2) to survive a difficult or dangerous situationThat newly liberated country is going to have a rough time, but it will pull through.3) to recover or help to recover from illnessHe was badly injured in the accident, but the doctors made every effort to pull him through. in turnThe candidates were summoned in turn to see the examiner.Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.in/with relation to as regards; concerningExamples: I have a lot to say in relation to that affair.The project was outlined with relation to available funds.in a different light in a different wayExamples: After I took that course, I began to see the world in a different light.What he did made us see him in a different light.in the light of after considering (sth.)He decided to make further improvements on the computer’s design in the light of the requirements of customers.shed/throw a new light on to make sth. clearer; provide new information These facts shed a new light on the matter.independent from/of not dependent on or controlled by other persons or things Examples: If you have a car, you are independent from/of trains and buses.That’s an objective law independent from/of man’s will.Cf: Promotion is dependent on/upon one’s record of success.stand back1) to stand to the rear The child stood back at the sight of the ferocious dog.2) to distance oneself mentally in order to understand or judge better Sometimes an administrator must stand back from day-to-day business to grasp the wider pattern of events.3) to withdraw or retreat from making discussions, influencing events, etc.She ran the family and her husband stood back.III.Word BuildingIV. From the textDevelopmental changes Move from adolescence to young adulthood Identity crises Genetic endowment Chance event Later adolescent stage Pursue a college education Enter the work world Handle finances Determine one ’s daily agenda Select the major that they want to pursue Parental approval Establish one ’s sexual identity Relate to the opposite sex Have a romantic relationship with Bounce into my officeExcitement in one ’s voiceDrag one ’s feetGive and receive affectionShow proper respect forRebel againstPut into a dormAffirm personal valuesAcademic lifeA growing experienceThe knowledge presented to sb.New ways of interpreting lifeInternational studentsTelevision newscastIn a different lightPersonal growth and expansionAcquire new ways of assembling and processing informationMy world is expanding and new options are opening for me ,but my father, who was in his sixty, was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow.Be appointed to an important governmental positionEvaluate new ways of gather process and apply knowledge in one ’s lifeFour distinct aspects to psychological separation from parentsDefine one ’s sexual identity in a feminine/muscular roleDevelop new ways to organize and use knowledgePeople from a variety of ethnic backgroundsBecome financially independent from parentsGrow and learn new skills that take years to develop。
现代大学英语精读3(第二版)Unit1课文翻译及课文知识重点
Book3 Unit 11.It occurs to sb that 使某人突然意识到It strikes to sb thatIt occurs on sb thatIt occurs to sb to do sth2.dawn on 破晓；（逐渐被人）明白3.identity crisis 认同危机4.go through 经历5.chance event 偶然事件6.in turn 轮流；反过来7.be independent from 独立于8.be dependent on 依赖于9.separation from 分开10.fear loss 患得患失11.define sth as 把……定义为12.be freedom from 免于……不受……约束13.stand back 往后站；处在离……较远的地方；不介入14.feel lower or higher 情绪低落15.nothing ……than……否定+比较级=最高级16.bounce into 突然闯进；蹦进；胁迫sb做17.have a romantic relationship with 爱上sb18.drag one’s feet 无精打采的走19.relate to 有良好关系e to realize 逐渐意识到21.model for =make an example for sb 为sb做榜样22.rebel against 反抗23.be prejudiced against 对……有偏见24.be equal to 相同；等同25.in addition to 除了26.appoint to position 任命；委派27.in a different light = in a different way 以另一种不同的观点来看28.for certain 确定地，肯定地29.contribute to 促成30.observe v.观察observation n.观察力observant n. 善于观察的31.handle v. 触摸；控制；处理32.apply v.申请；应用；适用于；敷，涂33.involve v. 需要，包括，影响，involve sb or sth 牵涉；包含involve doing sth 包含involve sb in sth 把sb卷入sthbe involved in sth 被卷入involved a. 复杂的involvement n. 牵扯；财政困难34.border issue n. 边境问题35.settle dispute 解决争端36.transport gas from sth 传输气体37.see to it 处理；照顾38.critical condition 危险期39.leave it aside 搁置；不考虑leave sb/sth behind 未能/忘记带…leave off 停止leave sth. off 不再穿某物leave it out 忽略；不提及leave sth over 推迟某事40.look at = look into 调查look up 仰视；改善look sth up 查阅（字典，参考书中）look sb up 看望或接触sblook ahead 计划未来look down upon 瞧不起look upon …as 把……视为41.set to 开始精力充沛的做sthset about doing 开始做sthset out to do 开始做sthset out sth 陈述sth42.sent out 派遣43.be content with 知足的44.be free from 摆脱45.interact with 与……相互作用Translation1.她打算申请那个学术工作。
现代大学英语精读3 Unit 1 课文 翻译及课文知识重点
精心整理 Book3Unit1使某人突然意识到1.ItoccurstosbthatItstrikestosbthatItoccursonsbthatItoccurstosbtodosth破晓；（逐渐被人）明白2.dawnon认同危机3.identitycrisis经历4.gothrough5.chanceevent偶然事件轮流；反过来6.inturn独立于7.beindependentfrom依赖于8.bedependenton分开9.separationfrom患得患失10.fearloss把……定义为definesthas11.免于……不受……约束befreedomfrom12.往后站；处在离……较远的地方；不介入standback13.情绪低落14.feellowerorhigher……than……否定+比较级=最高级15.nothingbounceinto 突然闯进；蹦进；胁迫sb做16.爱上sb17.havearomanticrelationshipwith18.无精打采的走’sfeetdragonerelateto有良好关系19.cometorealize逐渐意识到20.为sb做榜样modelfor=makeanexampleforsb21.反抗rebelagainst22.对……有偏见beprejudicedagainst23.beequalto相同；等同24.inadditionto除了25.任命；委派appointtoposition26.inadifferentlight=inadifferentway以另一种不同的观点来看27.forcertain确定地，肯定地28.促成contributeto29.观察30.observev.观察力observationn.善于观察的observantn.触摸；控制；处理handlev.31.applyv.申请；应用；适用于；敷，涂32.需要，包括，影响，involvev.33.牵涉；包含involvesborsthinvolvedoingsth包含把sb卷入sthinvolvesbinsth被卷入beinvolvedinsthinvolveda.复杂的牵扯；财政困难 involvementn.边境问题borderissuen.34.解决争端settledispute35.传输气体transportgasfromsth 36.处理；照顾seetoit37.危险期criticalcondition 38.搁置；不考虑leaveitaside39.未能/忘记带… leavesb/sthbehind停止leaveoff不再穿某物leavesth.off忽略；不提及leaveitout推迟某事leavesthover40.调查lookat=lookinto仰视；改善lookup查阅（字典，参考书中） looksthup看望或接触sblooksbup计划未来lookahead瞧不起lookdownupon…as把……视为lookupon开始精力充沛的做sth41.setto开始做sth setaboutdoingsetouttodo开始做sth陈述sthsetoutsthsentout派遣42.becontentwith知足的43.摆脱befreefrom44.interactwith与……相互作用45.Translation1.她打算申请那个学术工作。
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para4
resentment and anger: All these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful.
These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for freedom from this.
What is the main idea of para1?
Many key changes happen to college students during their college years.
What can you learn from para1?
Three expressions of “Have you thought about…？”
anxiety: They are anxious because they are eager to please their parents.
mistrust: They sometimes feel unhappy because they think their parents are not fair to them.
What factors may influence identity?
Identity may be influenced by genes, environment and opportunities.
What’s the main idea of para3?
•
It may be heightened by their choice to
para3
What’s the main idea of para3? The independence/dependence struggle
four aspects to psychological separation (para 4)
1. Functional independence. 2. Attitudinal independence. 3. Emotional independence. 4. Freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”
para4
freedom from vs freedom of
freedom from hunger; freedom from fear
freedom of speech; freedom of religion
“We look forward to a world founded upon essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want… everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear… anywhere in the world. “
First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda.
para4
responsibility: They feel they are responsible to their parents for everything they do.
inhibition: They are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly.
During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are.
experiencing; undergoing; suffering
… identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events.
Freedom from excessive guilt…mother and father
excessive guilt: Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong.
no longer having something you do not want Children need their parents to tell them what to do or not to do. They also need to be close to their parents and receive encouragement, love, all kinds of emotional support which give them strength. But when they grow up, they no longer have the same needs like babies.
pursue a college education.
independence /dependence struggle
become stronger or intensified
If they choose to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their parents.
para7
internalize: to make faith, value, morals, attitudes, behavior, language etc. part of your nature by learning or assimilating them unconsciously.
It refers to the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that you go through during adolescence when you are not sure who you really are and what your purpose in life is.
accidental
Who we are is determined by three things: first, our genes, or what our parents have given us; second, environment; third, luck or opportunities.
Unit 1 Your college years
1. As a college student, have you experienced anything different from your middle school life?
2. Have you had any psychological problems ever since you entered college?
para5
Probably nothing can make students feel…relationship with.
When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally.
independence in handling everyday life situations; the ability to solve practical problems
determining what they are going to do every day
Hoffman defines this process as “freedom from an excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in relation to the mother and father.”