词典中最常见的缩略语

外贸英语缩略语的特点及翻译

随着全球化和电子商务的不断发展，外贸英语缩略语的应用和流行程度会越来越高。作为译者，我们需要不断学习和积累相关知识，以更好地适应市场需求和国际贸易的发展。我们还可以通过探讨和研究外贸英语缩略语的翻译方法和技巧，不断提高翻译的准确性和效率，为推动中外贸易合作做出更大的贡献。
参考内容
外贸英语，作为专门用途英语（ESP）的一种，主要用于国际贸易交流和商务活动中。由于其涉及的领域广泛，包括商品交易、商务谈判、支付方式、物流等多个方面，因此外贸英语有其独特的语言特点和使用规则。在翻译外贸英语时，也需要采取适当的翻译模式以确保信息的准确传递。
4、格式化翻译：在外贸英语中，有许多固定的格式和规范，如商业发票、装箱单、提单等。对于这些格式化的文本，可以采用格式化翻译的方法，即按照固定的格式和规范进行翻译。这种翻译模式需要熟悉各种外贸文档的格式和规范，以确保信息的准确传递。
总之，外贸英语作为专门用途英语的一种，具有其独特的语言特点和使用规则。在翻译外贸英语时，需要采用适当的翻译模式以确保信息的准确传递。译员还需要不断学习和掌握最新的外贸知识和语言变化，以便更好地满足市场需求。
3、增译法：增译法是指在翻译过程中添加额外的信息，以使目标读者更好地理解源语言的意思。在外贸英语翻译中，增译法经常被用于添加专业术语的解释或补充信息。例如，“Payment terms are negotiable”可以翻译为“付款条件可以协商”，同时可以添加注释以解释“payment terms”和 “negotiable”的含义。
3、书面语言的使用：外贸英语通常使用正式和书面的语言，以确保交流的准确性和可靠性。例如，在外贸合同中，会使用“whereas”和“hereinafter referred to as”等正式的语言表达方式。

缩略语

缩略语是现代语言中一种常见的语言现象, 一些术语性的专有名称, 往往都是词的固定组合, 名称的长度比较大。

所谓缩略语就是对术语性专有名称的简略叫法。

不同的缩略语有不同的简化方法, 这与民族语言使用的文字结构体系有关。

汉语是音节文字, 在简化时一般是选择有一定意义的单音节因素, 以保留音节的整体性, 如: “中华人民共和国”简称“中国”, “中国人民政治协商会议”简称“政协”或“人民政协”。

英语是因素文字, 在简化时一般用字母来代表一个语素或词,如: “National Basketball Association”简称“NBA”。

翻译是兼有解码和编码的一个十分特殊的过程, 具体到缩略语, 可以遵从如下模式: 源语缩略语→源语原文→目的语原文→目的语缩略语。

在这一过程中从源语原文到目的语原文的翻译不在本文讨论范围之内, 属一般的翻译问题。

汉英缩略语的翻译可以从以下两方面进行讨论。

汉语缩略语的英译汉语缩略语译成英语时很容易做到字面上的形式对等,但这种简单的字面对等不能表达缩略语所含的信息, 因而不具有可理解性。

下面就汉语缩略语的主要翻译方法进行一下归纳。

( 1) 解释性翻译这是一种意译法, 完全避开了“缩略”。

缩略语的理解需要有文化背景知识。

功能对等论者认为, 翻译就是译意。

翻译策略应以反映深层结构的功能对等为主, 而不是反映表层结构的形式对应。

如果缩略语只是在上下文使用, 或虽为常用语但原文照译却不为外国读者理解时, 则须把缩略语所包含的信息全部表达出来。

如: “三来一补”如只按汉语缩略语直译成“three processing industries and one compensation”的话, 外国人固然看不懂, 就连中国的非行内人士也不一定弄清它指的是“来料加工、来料装配和来样加工, 补偿贸易”。

所以, 初译时要解释成“processing rawmaterials on client’s demands, assembling parts for the client, processing according to the client’s samples and compensation trade in foreign trade business”。

词典学专业术语

词典学术语abbreviation缩略语abbreviative notation缩略标记abridged删节的，未足本的abridged dictionary节本词典abridgement删节，节本absolute equivalent绝对对应词absolute synonym绝对同义词abusage滥用abusive language辱骂语academic dictionary学术词典academic lexicography学术词典学academy dictionary学院词典accent mark重音号acceptability接受性acceptability rating接受等级access alphabet检索字母表access point检索项access structure检索结构acknowledges致谢项acrolect上层方言acronym首字母缩略词active dictionary积极词典，主动性词典active vocabulary积极词汇adjectival noun形容词性名词adjective complement形容词性补语adjective compound复合形容词adjunct附加性副词adnominal名词修饰语advanced searches高级搜索affix词缀affixation词缀法，词缀词agglutinative language黏着型语言alien word外来词allomorph语素变体allophone音位变体allusion典故alphabetic arrangement字母顺序排列alphabetic order字母顺序alphabetic sequence字母顺序alphabetic writing字母文字，拼音文字alphabetization按字母顺序排列alphanumeric combination字母数字组合词alphapedia字顺百科alternative lexicography另类词典学ambiguity歧义ambilogy双关语amelioration of meaning词义的扬升Americanism美国词语，美式英语Ampersand&号（=and）analogical dictionary类义词典analytic definition分析式释义analytic language分析型语言analytical ordering分析排列angle brackets尖括号animate noun生物名词，动物名词anisomorphism语言差异性antedating早于已摘录文献的引语anthroponymy人名学antidictionary反动词典appendix附录appreciative赞赏的，褒义的appropriateness得体性，适切性approximative equivalent近义对等词arch弓形符（即︵）archaic word古词archaism古体，古语archaizing dictionary仿古词典archeography古文献学archive引语档案areal linguistics区域语言学argot黑话arrow箭号article词条，条目artificial language人工语言asserted meaning陈述意义association联想association by contiguity相邻联想association by contrast对比联想association by similarity类似联想association group联想词群associational word联想词associative meaning联想意义asterisk星号（*）at单价号（@）attestation isolee个别使用attributive adjective修饰性形容词authentic example真确性例证authentication求证authenticity真实性author dictionary独编词典author’s dictionary作家词典automatic lemmatization自动归目automatic lexicography自动词典学autosemantic word自义词auxiliary verb助动词back clipping截尾缩略back matter附录部分，后文back matter structure附录结构back page material后页材料back-formation逆构词法backward dictionary逆序词典，倒排词典barbarism不纯正的词语，粗野语base词基，词根base structure基础结构base word词目base-repeating词根重叠释义法basic searches基本搜索basic sense基本义项basic vocabulary基本词汇basic word stock基本词汇bias word倾向性词语bias-free vocabulary无偏见词汇biblical expression圣经词语bibliography书目；目录学bidirectional dictionary双向双语词典bifunctional dictionary双功能词典big dictionary大型词典bilingual dictionary双语词典bilingual edition双解本，双解版bilingual learner’s dictionary双语学习词典bilingual lexicography双语词典学bilingual thesaurus双语分类词典bilingualized dictionary双解词典biographical dictionary人名词典biographical entry人名条目biographical lexicography人名词典学biographical sources传记资料blend混成词，拼缀词blending混成法，拼缀法；拼缀词bogey怪字bold-faced type黑体字borrowed word外借词borrowing借词bound equivalent局限对应词bound form黏附形式bound morpheme黏着词素bound root黏着词根braces大括号brackets方括号breve短音符bridge dictionary桥接词典British National Corpus英国国家语料库broad notation宽式标音法broad transcription宽式音标，宽式记音法browser浏览器buying guide购买指南cacography拼写错误cacology用词不当calque仿照词canonical form标准形式cant隐语，黑话capital letter大写字母caret脱字号（^）casual style随便语体，随意文本catachresis词语误用catchword眉词，导词categorical diversity范畴的差异性categorical equivalence范畴对应关系categorical identity范畴一致性categorization划分范畴，归类caution提醒号CD-ROM dictionary光盘词典censorship审查制度census普查，调查centered period分节点，音节号，中黑点（·）character dictionary字典character set字集check mark核对号（√）children’s dictionary儿童词典chronological dictionary序时词典circular definition循环释义circularity循环释义，互训circumflex音调符号，长音符号circumlocution迂回曲折表达法，遁词citation引语，书证，例证citation file引例档案classificatory label分类标注，类别标记clause idiom成语性分句cliché陈词滥调clipped form截短形式clipped word截短词clipping截短法close construction封闭结构closed combination封闭型组合closed corpus封闭式语料库closed-class words封闭性词类code代码codification编码coding代码化cognate同源词cognitive meaning认知意义coherence连贯性co-hyponym共下义词，共同受支配词coinage新造词语coined term新造术语coined word新造词，新创词college dictionary大学词典collegiate dictionary大学词典collocation搭配（关系）collocational information搭配信息collocative meaning搭配意义colloquial language口语colloquial standard口语标准语colloquial word口语词colloquialism口语词colorpedia彩图百科comb effect梳子效应combinatory possibility组合可能性combinatory variant组合变体combining form组合形式commercial dictionary商业词典common core vocabulary基本词汇，共有核心词汇common usage普通用法common word普通词compact dictionary缩印词典compact edition缩印版comparative lexicography比较词典学compilation（词典）编纂compiler编纂者compiler perspective编篡者视角complementaries互补反义词complete antonym完全反义词complete synonym完全同义词complex word复杂词componential analysis成分分析，义素分析composition合词法compound复合词compound word复合词，合成词compounding复合构词法comprehensive dictionary详解词典computational lexicography计算词典学computer lexicography计算机词典学conceptual connection概念联系conceptual dictionary概念词典conceptual meaning概念意义concise dictionary简明词典concordance语词索引confrontationist linguistics对照语言学conjunct连接性副词connotation隐含意义；附加意义；内涵connotative meaning内涵意义connotative style咨询文体content word实义词context语境context definition语境释义法context of situation言语环境，情景语境contextual definition语境释义contextual function语境功能contextual meaning语境意义contextual theory语境理论contract word缩写词contracted form,contraction缩写contradictory term对立性反义词contrast对称词contrastive analysis对比分析contrastive linguistics对比语言学conversion词类转化法conversive换位反义词cooccurrence同现cooccurrence relation同现关系cooccurrence restriction同现限制cooccurrence-range搭配cooccurrent meaning共现意义copying in dictionaries词典抄借copyright版权core group核心词群core sense核心义项core vocabulary核心词汇core word核心词co-reference互见corpus语料库corpus composition语料库的组成corpus correction语料库矫正corpus-orient lexicography语料库技术词典学correction矫正correctness正确性count noun可数名词countable noun可数名词coverage覆盖度creole混合语creolized language混合语cross reference互参，互见，交互参照cross-classification交叉结构cross-reference structure参见结构cryptogram密码cryptology隐语cultivated spoken language有教养的口头语言cultivated usage优雅用法cultural borrowing文化借用cultural context文化环境cultural dictionary文化词典cultural guide文化向导cultural lexicography文化词典学cultural-bound lexical item文化局限词汇项cultural-bound term(word)文化局限词cultural-loaded expression文化含义词cultural-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇culture-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇cuneiform,cuneiform writing楔形文字curtailed word缩短词cyclopedia百科全书cynicism挖苦语dagger剑号（┼）data bank数据库database数据库，资料库databases&audio-visual materials数据库与声像资料data-processing资料加工，数据处理dead affix废弃的词缀，废缀dead conjugation已经不用的词形变化形式dead language死语言dead metaphor死隐语dead word废词deadjective suffix附加于形容词的后缀deadjective verb来自形容词的动词declension（静词）词尾变化decode解码decoding dictionary解码词典decoding function解码功能de-etymologization词源中断definiendum被下定义的词语，被释词目definiens(pl.definientia)下定义用的词语，释义defining dictionary释义词典defining vocabulary(DV)定义用词汇，定义用词汇总表definition释义，定义deflexion词尾消失degeneration of meaning词义的降格deictic field指示范围denominal adjective来自名词的形容词denominal noun来自名词的名词denominal suffix附加于名词的后缀denominal verb来自名词的动词denotation所指意义，字面意义denotational meaning指称意义，所指意义denotative meaning外延意义denotatum(pl.denotata)所指客观对象density of entries词条密度derivation派生词；派生法derivation by zero suffix零位后缀派生法derivational affix派生词缀derivational antonym派生反义词derivational compound派生复合词derivational morpheme派生形素derivational suffix派生后缀derivative派生词derived form源出（<）derived sense派生义项derived stem派生词干deriving form派生形式derogatory贬损的，贬义的description描写descriptive dictionary描写性词典descriptive equivalent描写性对应词descriptive function描写功能descriptive trend描写性倾向descriptivism描写主义descriptor系索词，标志词designate定义，所指内容的组成designation指称意义designative word指称词designatum(pl.designata)所指内容desk dictionary案头词典desktop e-dictionary桌面电子词典desktop electronic-dictionary桌面电子词典deterioration of meaning词义降格，词义贬降determiner限定词deverbal adjective来自于动词的形容词deverbal noun来自于动词的名词deverbal suffix附加于动词的后缀diachronic approach历时角度diachronic dictionary历时词典diacritic变音符，附加符号diacritic sign附加符号diacritical mark变音符，附加符号diacritical marking符号标音法dialect dictionary方言词典dialect lexicography方言词典学dialectism方言词语diction措词dictionary词典，字典dictionary awareness词典意识dictionary criticism词典批评dictionary culture词典文化dictionary family词典家族dictionary for comprehension理解型词典dictionary for production生成型词典dictionary for speakers of the source language源语用户词典dictionary for speakers of the target language目的语用户词典dictionary for translation翻译词典dictionary form词典形式dictionary history词典史dictionary lookup词典查检dictionary maker词典编篡者dictionary making词典编篡dictionary meaning词典意义dictionary of proverbs谚语词典dictionary of the literary language书面语词典dictionary of the spoken language口语词典dictionary proper正文部分dictionary research词典研究dictionary review词典评论dictionary structure词典结构dictionary text词典语篇dictionary typology词典类型学dictionary use词典使用dictionary user词典使用者dictionary with bilingual双解词典dictionary word词典词didactic function教导功能differentia specifica属差differentia(pl.differentiae)种差differential dictionary区别性词典differential linguistics区别语言学diglossia双语现象diglottic level双语现象的变体diminutive指小（词）diminutive suffix指小后缀directories of agencies机构指南disambiguation消除歧义discourse meaning话语意义discrimination辨异，词义辨析disjunct分离性副词distinctive feature区别性特征distributional analysis分布分析法ditransitive verb双宾语动词ditto“同上”号（″）division into syllables分音节DJ丹尼尔▪琼斯标音法domesticated word归化词dominant sense主要意义double brackets双方括号double check双核对号（√）double dagger双剑号（╪）double scale组成一对的同义词double virgules双斜线号（//）doublet同源异体字echoic word拟声词edition版本editor编辑EFL lexicography英语作为外语的学习词典学electronic bilingual dictionary电子双语词典electronic dictionary电子词典electronic lexicography电子词典学elevation of meaning词义的扬升ellipsis省略号（…）ELT lexicography英语教学词典学emotive meaning情感意义emotive overtone感情色彩empirical ordering经验排列enclitic后接词encode编码，组码encoding dictionary编码词典encoding function编码功能encyclopedia百科全书encyclopedia definition百科释义encyclopedic dictionary百科词典encyclopedic entry百科条目encyclopedic matter百科信息English Philological Society英语语文协会entailed meaning蕴含意义entry条目，词条entry pane条目窗entry word词目ephemeral word瞬息新词equivalent对应词equivalent analogue等值的对应体ESL(English as second language)作为第二语言的英语ethnolinguistic bilingual dictionary人类语言学双语词典etymological dictionary词源词典etymology词源（学）euphemism委婉语everyday expression日常用语example,example-sentence例句exclamation mark感叹号exegetic dictionary注释词典exemplification括注法explanatory definition解说式释义explanatory equivanlent解释对等词explanatory gloss解释性说明explicit cross-reference明示互参extended sense引申意义extension外延extension of meaning语义扩大extinct language死语，死亡语extralinguistic context语言外语境familiar style非正式文体family of languages语系field场field theory词场理论field label学科标注figurative meaning比喻意义figurative speech比喻语figurative-metaphorical比喻隐喻的figure of speech修辞格file资料档案files of citation引例档案filler-in填空词fist参见号fixed accent固定重音fixed collocation固定搭配fixed phrase固定短语fixed stress固定重音fixed word-combination固定词组fixed word-order固定词序folk definition通俗释义folk etymology民俗词源，俗词源学folk speech民间语folk usage通俗用法folk-etymological民俗词源的forcing example强迫性例证foreign affix外来词缀foreign learner’s dictionary外国学习者词典foreign word外来词，外语词foreignism外来词语form of address称呼形式form speech正式言语form style正式文体form word形式词format板式，开本formative构词成分formulaic definition程式释义four-letter word四字母语，粗俗词语frame(structure)框架（结构）free combination自由组合free morpheme自由语素free root自由词根free translation意译free variant自由变体free variation自由变异free word order自由词序French quotes法文引号，书名号frequency词频frequency word-book频率词表front and back clipping对词的首部与尾部的缩略front clipping对词的首部的缩略front matter前页部分front matter,front page material前页，前页材料，（正文前的）材料frozen expression定型短语frozen style拘谨文体full homonym实足同形同音异义词full word实词，完全词function word功能词，虚词functional equivalent功能等值functional label功能标注functional language功能语言functional marker功能标记functional typology功能分类法functional varieties功能变体functional word功能词，虚词fuzzy terms模糊词语gazetteer地名索引，地名词典gem dictionary珍宝词典，精选词典general concordance普通词表general dictionary通用词典；普通词典generalization of meaning词的普遍化general-purpose bilingual dictionary综合性双语词典，通用双语词典general-purpose dictionary综合性（语文）词典general-purpose English dictionary综合性英语词典generative dictionary生成词典generic term类属词genus总属genus proximum近种geographical dictionary地理词典geographical entry地理条目geographical sources地理资料ghostword鬼词，别字giving synonyms同义词释义gleaning补遗gloss夹注，注释glossary注释词表，术语汇编glueword连接词gobbledygook官样文章Gothic writing哥特体字，黑体字governed word受支配词governing word支配词government publications政府出版物gradable adjective等级形容词grammar语法grammatical bound meaning受语法限制的意义grammatical coding语法代码grammatical collocation语法搭配grammatical context语法语境grammatical function语法功能grammatical information语法信息grammatical labeling语法代码grammatical marker语法标记grammatical motivation语法理据grammatical pattern语法模式grammatical sequence语法序列grammatically-partial word虚词graphic illustration插图，图解graphic substance形的实体graphic symbol书写符号guide word眉题，向导词habitual collocation习惯性搭配habitual co-occurrence习惯性同现handheld electronic dictionary掌上电子词典haplography掉字，漏写hard word难词head phrase词条headword词目heavy-duty word重负荷词hesitation-form犹豫形式hierarchical structure层级结构hierarchical system层级系统hieroglyphic writing象形文字high word高位词historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical dictionary（按历史原则编写的）历史词典historical lexicography历史词典学historical ordering历史排列historical principle历史性原则historism历史词语homograph同形异义词homography同形异义homonym同音异义词，同形异义词homonymy同音异义，同形异义homophone mark同音号humorous幽默的hybrid混合词hybrid language混杂词hybrid word混合词，杂交词hyperonym总义词hypersemanticized discourse超语义化的说法hyphen连字符；隔音号hyphenated name连号hyphenation断词hyphenation routine连字法规则hypocoristic form爱称形式hypocoristic word爱称词hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系identifying indication识别性说明ideogram表意文字ideographic symble表意符号ideographic writing表意文字ideography表意文字研究ideographical dictionary概念词典，义类词典ideographical function意识功能idiom习语，成语idiomatic expression习惯性词语idiomatic usage习惯用法idiomatics习语学，成语学illiterate language文盲用语illustration插图，例证illustrative citation例证，引证illustrative example说明性例句；例证illustrative quotation例证imitation binding仿古装帧imitative semantic change语义变化模仿immediate postpositive直接后置形容词implicative method隐含法implicit cross-reference暗示互参impolite word不礼貌用语imposition强加inappropriate不得体的indention缩格index索引index verborum词语出处索引indexation索引检索indexes&abstracts索引与摘要indexing language索引语言infix中缀inflected language屈折语inflection屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectional language屈折语inflectional morpheme屈折词素inflectional variant屈折变体inflective language屈折语inflexion屈折变化inflexional ending词尾屈折inflexional language屈折语inflexional series屈折序列inflexional suffix屈折后缀informal style非正式文体informant语言调查合作人information card背景资料卡information category信息范畴information retrieval language情报检索语言informative dictionary知识性词典initial inflexion开首屈折initial part词首部分initialism首字母连写词inkhorn term学究气的用语innovation新造词insertible equivalent可插入对应词instruction manual说明手册instrument language古今语言instrumental case工具格intensifier强调成分interactive dictionary交互词典interface language接口语言interjection感叹词interlingual dictionary语际词典interlingual interference语际障碍interlingual purism语际语言纯正主义International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)国际音标，国际音标注音法internationalism国际词intimate style亲昵语体intralingual purism内部语言纯正主义introspective example自省性例证invented example自造词irregular inflection不规则屈折形式italic斜体字italic bold-face type斜黑体jargon行话KK KK音标koine共通语，共同语language for specific purposes专门用途语言language notes语言说明language transfer语言迁移language typology语言类型学langue语言，语言系统latent word潜在词Latinism拉丁词语learned word文言词learner’s dictionary学生词典lemma词目lemma unit词目单位letter-by-letter arrangement纯字母排列法lexeme词汇单位；词位，词素，词项lexical词汇的，语词的lexical ambiguity词汇歧义；词汇模糊性lexical collocation词汇搭配lexical context词汇语境lexical density词汇密度lexical entry词项，语词条目lexical equivalent词义对应词lexical expression词汇表达方式lexical field词汇场lexical gap词汇空缺lexical grammar词汇语法lexical item词汇单位；词位，词素，词项lexical meaning词汇意义lexical set词群，词集lexical stock词汇总库lexical unit词汇单位lexical word词汇词lexicographer词典学家，词典编篡者lexicographese词典用语lexicographic context词典语境lexicography词典学，词典编篡，词典编篡学lexicology词汇学lexicon词典（尤指古代语言的词典）；词库ligature连音符lingua franca混合语，通用语，交际语linguistic context语言语境linguistic dictionary语文词典linguistic matter语言信息linguistic typology硬译分类学linguistics across culture跨文化语言学literal error排字错误，印刷错误literal meaning字面意义literal translation直译，硬译literary书面语literary language文学语言literary standard文学标准语literary word书面词语live suffix活后缀living affix现在通用的词缀living conjugation“活”的（词形）变化living language现用语言，活语言living word现在通用的词汇loan blend借词混成词，借词拼缀词loan shift转用借词loan translation翻译借词，仿译词loan word借词，外来词local dialect地方方言locution措词logical definition逻辑式定义logical ordering逻辑排列logographic lexicon字典logography速记符long vowel长元音lower-case letter小写字母（印刷用语）LSP lexicography专业英语词典学machine-readable dictionary机读词典machine-aided lexicography机助词典学macro-lexicography宏观词典学macron长音符（加在元音上的“-”）macrostructure宏观结构made-up example自造例main word主导词majuscule大写字母makeshift language代用语言malformation构词错误，误构manual手册maps&atlases地图与地图集marginal meaning外延意义mark,marker标记master index总索引meaning意义meaning discrimination词义辨析meaning-oriented principle意义中心原则means of access检索途径measure adjective度量形容词measure noun度量名词mechanical dictionary电脑词典mediostructure中间结构medium dictionary中型词典megastruture整体结构metalanguage元语言metalexicography元词典学metaphor隐喻metaphoric meaning比喻意义，喻义metaplasm词形变异methodology方法论metonymy换喻，转喻microcontext微观语境microglossary微词典microlexicography微观词典学microstructure微观结构middle matter正文部分midline dot分节点mixed language混合语modal verb情态动词mode式momentary event verb瞬间动作动词monolingual dictionary单语词典monolingual lexicography单语词典学monosemic word单义词monosemy单义性moribund language垂死语言morpheme语素morpheme word语素词morphemic arrangement语素顺序排列morphemic dictionary词素词典morphemical mark形态符号morphology词法morphology label词法标注mother tongue negative transfer母语负迁移motional verb动作动词motivated word有理据的词motivation of word词的理据multi-lingual dictionary多语词典multilingual lexicography多语词典学multi-media dictionary多媒体词典multiword lexical unit多单词词位，复词词汇单位narrow Romic严式罗密克音标narrow transcription严式音标，窄式记音法narrowed meaning狭义narrowing词义缩小native affix本族词缀native language本族语native speaker说本族语的人native speaker’s dictionary本族语词典native word本族词natural language自然语言near-synonym近义词negative transfer负迁移neoclassic formation新古典词的构词法neoclassic word新古典词neologism新词nest(ing)派生词群nest-alphabetic method词集字母排列法nil-equivalent零对应词，无对应词noetics义位学nomenclature术语集nominal definition名目定义nonce-word临时词non-designative非指称词non-echoic word非拟声词non-gradable adjective非等级形容词non-historical dictionary非历史词典non-insertible equivalent非插入对应词non-productive无构词能力的non-restrictive collocation非限制性搭配nonstandard非标准（用语）normal dictionary传统词典normative dictionary规范词典normative lexicography规范性词典学notional passive意义上被动notional system概念系统notional word实义词noun名词noun adjunct附加名词noun cluster名词词组noun compound复合名词noun of multitude群体名词noun-drivative派生名词now rare目前少用nuance细微差别numbered clause分节号（§）numeral数词object宾语object language目的语，对象语言obsolescent陈旧的obsolete已废的obsolete affix废缀obsolete word旧词obsoletism已废弃的词语one-phrase definition单一短语释义法one-to-one correspondence一一对应one-to-one equivalent一一对等on-line dictionary在线词典，网络词典onomasiological gap词汇空缺；名称空缺onomasiology定名学onomasticon专名词典onomatopoeic word拟声词open combination开放型组合open corpus开放式语料库open-class words开放性词类opposite meaning对立意义optional variant随意变体oratorical style演说文体ordinal number序数词ordinals序数词orthographic criterion书写标准orthographic syllable拼法音节orthography正字法，拼写法ostensive definition直观定义ostensive definition直观释义法output language输出语outside matter正文外部分overall-descriptive dictionary全面描写词典over-defining过度释义P marker短语标记pagination页码检索paper dictionary纸质词典paradigm（名词、动词等的）词形变化表paragraph分节号（§）；段落；段落号（▪）parallel bars平行号（║）parent language母语，源语parentheses圆括号parole言语paronym形似词partial conversion部分词类转化partial equivalent部分对应词partial homonym部分同音同形异义词participle分词particle小品词，语助词parts of speech词类parts-of-speech label词性标注passive dictionary被动型词典，消极词典patois土话pedagogical dictionary教学词典pedagogical lexicography教学词典学pejorative轻蔑词pejorative epithet表贬损的修饰语pejorative suffix贬义后缀perfect antonym完全反义词perfect equivalence完全对等perfect equivalent完全对等词perfect homonym完全同音同形异义词period句号period dictionary断代词典period lexicography断代词典学peripheral kinds of vocabulary边缘性词汇peripheral language外围语periphrastic definition迂回定义peroration of meaning词义的降格personal suffix人称后缀phantom word幻象词phenomenological typology现象分类法philological bilingual dictionary语文学双语词典philological dictionary语文词典philology语文学phoneme音位，音素phonemic notation音标，音位标音法phonemic transcription音位标音phonemic word音位词phonemics音位学，音素学phonetic acronym语音缩写词phonetic alphabet音标，语音字母phonetic change语音演变phonetic convergence音变的汇合phonetic hyphen隔音号（-）phonetic motivation拟声理据phonetic pattern语音模式phonetic spelling表音拼写法phonetic syllable语音音节phonetic symbol音标，音符phonetic transcription注音，标音法phonetic writing拼音文字phoneticism音标拼词法phonographic alphabet表音字母phonology音系学，音位学phrasal verb短语动词phrase短语，词组phrase clipping短语略写phrase idiom惯用短语phrase marker短语标记phraseological dictionary熟语词典phraseological lexicography熟语词典学phraseology熟语，熟语集phrasing措词pictograph象形文字pictographic writing图画文字pictorial arrangement图式顺序排列pictorial dictionary图画词典pictorial illustration插图pidgin混杂语pidgin English洋泾浜英语plurality复数性，多重性plurilingual多语种的plurilingualism多语制pocket dictionary袖珍词典pocket electronic dictionary掌上电子词典poetic word诗歌用语poetical archaic word诗用古词poetry诗体poetism诗体词语polite formulas礼貌套语polylingual多语种的polylingual dictionary多语种对照词典polylingualism多语制polyseme,polysemous word多义词（现象）polysemy多义现象，一词多义polysyllable多音节词polytechnic dictionary科技词典popular etymology俗词源学popular language俗语popular word俗语词portmanteau word紧缩词post-modifier后置修饰语postpositive后置形容词pragmalinguistics语用语言学pragmatic analysis语用分析pragmatic equivalent语用对应词pragmatic failure语用失误pragmatics语用学predeterminer前置限定词predicative表语preface序言prefix前缀prefixation加前缀premodifier前置修饰语prescriptive规范性的prescriptive dictionary规范词典prescriptive grammar规定语法prescriptive lexicography规定性词典学prescriptive trend规定性倾向prescriptivism规定主义present participle现在分词presentational affix表义词缀presentational or tectonic typology表述（或构造）分类法primary accent主重音primary linguistic data第一手语言资料primary meaning本义primitive原始词principal language主体语言print dictionary印刷型词典printing印刷proclitic后接发音词productive activity（说、写等）产出性活动productive affix有派生能力的词缀，派生词缀productive bilingual dictionary能产性双语词典productive dictionary产出型词典productive function产出功能productivity能产性pronominal adjective代词性形容词pronouncing dictionary发音词典pronunciation key发音表prototype原型proverb谚语provincial standard地方标准punctuation mark标点符号punning双关语purism语言纯正主义purrword褒词quadrilingual dictionary四语词典quasi-normative bilingual dictionary准规范化双语词典quasi-synonym准同义词quasi-synoymous word准同义词questionnaire问卷，调查表quotation书证quotation mark引号radiation（词义的）辐射radical词根，部首radical flexion词根屈折radical language词根语radical sense原始义range of application使用范围range of collocation搭配范围rare罕用reading programme阅读项目real definition真实定义realization体现关系Received Pronunciation(RP)标准发音receptive activity接收活动receptive function接收功能receptor language接收语reciprocal dictionary互补词典reciprocal relation相互关系reduced entry减缩词条reduplication重叠reduplicative word重叠词reference参见reference book工具书reference dictionary查考型词典reference matter检索信息reference mark检索符号reference need检索目的reference skill检索技巧reference unit检索单位referent所指事物，词目所指的对象referential definition所指释义referential meaning information所指意义referential pragmatics指代语用学referential symbolism所指符号refinement修饰reflected meaning发射意义regional word地区性词regionalism区域词语register域register label语域标注relational word关系词relative synonym相对同义词，近义词reroute重新查找respelling schemes重拼法respelling system重拼发音符号系统restricted language限制性语言restriction of meaning词义的限制restrictive collocation限制性搭配reverse dictionary逆序词典rheme述位rhyming dictionary音韵词典Roman type正体字root词根root antonym词根反义词root inflexion词根屈折root form词根形式，根式round brackets圆括号runic writing北欧古代文字running head向导词run-on(entry)副词目，内词条sandhi连读变音scholarly dictionary学术词典schoolboy slang学生俚语scientific terminology科技术语search检索，搜索searching window检索窗secondary accent次重音，次重音号secondary compound二次复合词secondary derivative次派生词secondary language第二语言secondary meaning次要意义secondary morpheme-word次语素词secondary phoneme次音位secondary stress次重音segmental dictionary部分语词词典，特种语词词典selection of entries(articles)选条selection of head characters选字selection of headwords选词selection preference选择倾向selection restriction选择限制sell-aware form自觉形式semantic affinity语义一致semantic arrangement语义顺序排列semantic coincidence语义重合semantic component语义成分semantic condensation语义缩合semantic contradiction语义矛盾semantic contrast语义对比semantic criterion语义标准semantic dictionary主题词典semantic divergence词义分化semantic extension语义扩展semantic factor语义因素semantic field语义场semantic function语义功能semantic glosses语义注释semantic inclusion语义包容semantic intersection语义交叉semantic marker语义标记semantic motivation语义理据semantic properties语义特征semantic prototype model语义原型模式semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学sememe义素semi-bilingual半双解semicolon分号semiology,semiotics符号学semi-unabridged dictionary半足本词典sense义项sense discrimination义项区分sense relation义项关系sentence connector连接词sentence idiom成语性句子sentence pattern句型sentence substitute替代词set expression固定词语shades of meaning语义色彩shift sign移位符（加在元音上的符号，如︵，′）short cuts词义速查short vowel短音符shortening缩短法signification词义singularity单数性slang俚语slang dictionary俚语词典slang expression俚语词语slang word俚语词slant斜线号（/）slip资料卡small capital小大写small dictionary小型词典snarl word贬词social dialect社会方言social-situational feature社会情景特征social-cultural meaning社会文化意义sociopragmatic information社会语用信息sociopragmatics社会语用学solecism语法错误solid compound固定复合词sound pattern语音模式sound shift语音演变sound system语音系统sound-variation语音变异source蓝本sources of statistics统计资料speaker-meaning说话人的用意special dictionary专科词典special lexicography专科词典学special pages专题页special-field dictionary专科词典specialized dictionary专门词典specialized meaning专用义specific term/word狭义词specifying gloss规定性注释speech act言语行为speech level label语言层次标注speech mechanism言语机制speech recognition言语识别speech repertoire活用语言库。

英语单词缩略词大全

英语单词缩略词大全IT：信息技术（Information Technology）PC：个人电脑（Personal Computer）APP：应用程序（Application）CPU：中央处理器（Central Processing Unit）www：环球信息网/万维网（World Wide Web）WiFi：无线网络/无线保真技术（Wireless Fidelity）CD：光盘/激光唱片（Compact Disk）DJ：音乐节目主持人（Disc Jockey）TEL：电话机（Telephone）VCD：录像光盘（Video Compact Disk）DVD：数字录像光盘（Digital Video Disk）VCR：盒式磁带录像（Video Cassette Recorder）MV：音乐短片（Music Video）KTV：卡拉OK（Karaok TV）TV：电视（TeleVision）GPS：全球定位系统（Global Positioning System）ETC：不停车收费系统（Electronic Toll Collection）ABS：防锁死刹车系统（Antilock Brake System）SUV：运动型多用途轿车（Sport Utility Vehicle）BRT：快速公交系统（Bus Rapid Transit）LRT：轻轨公交系统（Light Rail Transit）ATM：自动取款机（Automatic Teller Machine）国家/地区及国际组织类PRC：中华人民共和国（The People s Republic of China）HK：香港（Hong Kong）JP：日本（Japan）KR：韩国（Korea）UK：英国（United Kingdom）US：美国（United States）USA：美国（United States of America）RUS：俄罗斯（Russia）SGP：新加坡（Singapore）EU：欧洲联盟/欧盟（European Union）UN：联合国（United Nations）WTO：世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization）WHO：世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）CIA：美国中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency）FBI：美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of investigation）FDA：食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration）ICAC：廉政公署（Independent Commission Against Corruption）OPEC：石油输出国组织/欧佩克（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）图片机构/公司和协会类EMS：邮政特快专递（Express Mail Service）PLA：中国人民解放军（People s Liberation Army）CCTV：中国中央电视台（China Central Television）CBA：中国篮球协会（Chinese Basketball Association）NBA：美国篮球协会（National Basketball Association）BBC：英国广播公司（British Broad-casting Corporation）VOA：美国之音（Voice of America）IOC：国际奥委会（International Olympic Committee）ISBN：国际标准书号（International Standard Book Number）其他常见杂类缩写Ad：广告（Advertisement）Add：地址（Address）BBQ：烧烤（Barbecue）DIY：自己动手/自助服务（Do it Yourself）ET：外星人（Extra Terrestrial）ID：身份证（Identification Card）IQ：智商（Intelligence Quotient）EQ：情商（Emotional Quotient）PE：体育（Physical Education）No.：号码/编号（Number）KFC：肯德基（Kentucky Fried Chicken）DNA：遗传基因组织（Deoxyribonucleic Acid）GMT：格林威治时间或国际标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time）GDP：国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）OMG：我的上帝/我的天哪（Oh My God）SOS：求救信号（Save Our Soul）UFO：不明飞行物（Unknown Flying Object）VIP：重要人物/贵宾（Very Important Person）WC：厕所（Water Closet）Mr.：先生（Mister）Ms.：女士（Mrs. or Miss）Mrs.：夫人/太太（Mistress）AD：公元（Anno Domini）BC：公元前（Before Christ）AM：上午（Ante Meridiem）(before noon)PM：下午（Post Meridiem）(afternoon)CEO：首席执行官（Chief Executive Officer）CFO：首席财务官（Chief Finance Officer）COO：首席运营官（Chief Operating Officer）CTO：首席技术官（Chief Technology Officer）PhD：博士（Philosophy Doctor）MBA：工商管理硕士（Master of Business Administration）MPA：公共管理硕士（Master of Public Administration）中国人民银行：PBC（The People s Bank of China）中国建设银行：CCB（China Construction Bank）中国农业银行：ABC（Agriculture Bank of China）中国工商银行：ICBC（Industrial & Commercial Bank of China）中国银行：BOC（Bank of China）交通银行：BCM（Bank of Communications）招商银行：CMB（China Merchants Bank）。

MTI 翻译硕士必备缩略语.

MTI缩略语大全IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织UNSC United Nations Security Council 联合国安理会UNESCO UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织UNSCOM UN Special Commission 联合国特别委员会UNCTAD UN Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易暨发展会议UNEP UN Environment Programme 联合国环境规划署UNGA the United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会UNDP UN Development Program 联合国开发计划署NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 美国国家航空航天管理局AMA American Medical Association 美国医药协会DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid 脱氧核糖核酸PBOC People's Bank of China 中国人民银行CAFTA Central America Free Trade Agreement 中美洲自由贸易协定NAFTA North America Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定AIG American International Group 美国国际集团DOF Degree of Freedom 自由度B2C Business to Customer 企业对消费者的电子商务模式MFNS Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇原则TARP Troubled Asset Relief Plan 不良资产救助计划ZPG Zero Population Growth 人口零增长RU Rugby Union (英国橄榄球联合会SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 严重的急性免疫缺陷综合征AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合症HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus 艾滋病毒NNP Net National Production 国民净产值CAT Carburetor Air Temperature 汽化器空气温度IMP International Master Program 欧洲国家的一种面向国际学位制度SSN Society Security Number 社会保险账号AMIS Automatic Measure Integrated System自动测量系统集成FTI Federal Tax Included 联邦税款在内VAT Value Added Tax 增值税SGP stability and growth pact 增长与稳定公约(欧盟UNICEF UN International Children's Emergency Fund 联合国儿童基金会SADC Southern African Development Community 南非发展共同体BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司CNN Cable News Network 美国有线电视新闻网络ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Australian Broadcasting Corporation 澳大利亚广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting system 哥伦比亚广播公司PBS Public Broadcasting Service美国公共广播电视公司GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线业务ECB 1.European Central Bank 欧洲央行2.Environmental Conservation Board 环境保护组织ILO International Labor Organization 国际劳工组织UDD United Democratic Front against Dictatorship 反独裁民主统一战线FAO Food Agricultural Organization (of the UN(联合国粮食及农业组织WFTU World Federation of Trade Union 世界工会联合会WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织NPC National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会CPPCC Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议CCP Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党GDP Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值GNP Gross National Product 国民生产总值CPI Consumer Price Index 消费品价格指数AQI Air Quality Index 空气质量指数SME Small and Medium—size Enterprise(s中小型企业CIF Cost Insurance and Freight 到岸价格HBS Harvard Business School 哈佛大学商学院IPCC Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change 政府间气候变化专门委员会IPO Initial Public Offerings 首次公开募股(发行HEC Harbour Entry Control 港口进入管制WWF World Wildlife Fund 世界野生动物基金会WWW World Wide Web 万维网NIC Network Information Center 网络信息中心ISO 1. International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织2.International Science Organization 国际科学组织TPP Toward Peak Performance 接近峰值性能MOFCOM The Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China 中国商务部OECD Organization for Economic Co—operation and Development 经济合作与发展组织IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能组织ASEM Asia—European Meeting 亚欧会议ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东盟APEC Asia—Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经贸合作组织IPR Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权CEPA Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement 更紧密经贸关系的安排CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器UFO Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物FBI Federal Bureau Of Investigation 美国联邦调查局CIA Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局NGO Non—Government Organization 非政府组织NPO Non—profit Organization 非营利组织PHD Doctor of Philosophy 哲学博士学位MBA Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士MPA Master of Public Administration 公共管理硕士GRE Graduate Record Examination 美国硕士研究生入学资格考试TOEFL Test of English As a foreign Language 托福IELTS International English Language Testing System 雅思CETI Certificate of English Translation and Interpreting 英语翻译资格证书考试CATTI China Aptitude Test For Translators And Interpreters 全国翻译专业资格考试PETS Public English Test System 公共英语等级考试。

英语词典中的那些缩略语

英语词典中的那些缩略语一. 各种表示词性(part of speech)的缩略语n.[C] 或CN=countablenoun 可数名词n.[U] 或UN=uncountable noun 不可数名词v.[T] 或vt=transitiveverb 及物动词v.[I] 或vi=intransitive verb 不及物动词a 或adj=adjective 形容词ad 或adv=adverb 副词conj=conjunction 连接词prep=preposition 介词pron=pronoun 代词int=interjection 感叹词abbr=abbreviation 缩写，缩略语二. 各种对词条加以说明的注释性缩略语esp=especially 尤指;尤用于usu=usually 通常作pl=prural 复数形式sing=singular 单数形式pers pron=personal pronoun 人称代词attrib=attributive 用作定语pred=predicative 用作表语pref=prefix 前缀suff=suffix 后缀neg=negative 否定式euph=euphemistic 委婉语fig=figurative 比喻用法idm=idiom 习语fml=formal 正式用语;书面语infml=informal 通俗用语;口语ironic 讽刺用语;反语joc=jocular 戏谑语compar=comparative form 比较级superl=superlative form 最高级approv=approving褒义derog=derogatory贬义app=appendix 附录dialect 方言sl=slang 俚语taboo避讳语non-standard 不规范用法old-fashioned 过时用法rare 罕见用法BrE 或Brit=British English 英式英语AmE 或US=American/United States English 美式英语ScotE=Scottish English 苏格兰英语IrE=Irish English 爱尔兰英语CanE=Canadian English 加拿大英语AustrE 或Austral=Australian English 澳大利亚英语NZE=New Zealand English 新西兰英语InE=Indian English 印度英语。

缩略语知识点大全

习用性（既是常用的，又是定型的）
语法特征
识别方法提取方法还原方法
1.汉语缩略语与其非缩略形式虽然词汇意义相同，但语法功能不一定相同。2.缩略语的语法功能与构成方式有关。3.略语与原形功能基本一致。4.数字缩略语主要是名词性的。5. 缩略语大多是名词。
基于用户查询日志和锚文字的汉语缩略语识别法、行缩略语对应原语言的还原法、余弦相似度方法、在生语料中自动抽取现代汉语缩略语的方法。缩略语词典的自扩展缩略语词典的方法、在生语料中自动抽取现代汉语缩略语的自扩展缩略语词典方法、基于互联网, 实现英语缩略语源词组及中文翻译的自动获取方法。基于模糊匹配的缩略语还原算法、利用匹配概率和共现概率进行缩略语对应原语言的还原法。
省力原则
解读过程产生条件缩略机制
首先是激活扩散，然后确定选项。
约定俗成、使用范围要广、不应产生歧义、确实有缩略的必要
约定性缩略、理据性缩略
特点类别判定选择规则
原因条件
对应性、能产性强、缩略语构成成分选择上的规律性
1.按照缩略的主观作用来分，可分为自然缩略、故意缩略、预期缩略、超前的故意缩略、个别性的故意缩略。2.按照缩略代表形式的选用，可分为以因素为选用单位的缩略、以音节为基础的缩略、以语素为基础的缩略、以下位词为单位的缩略、表项缩略。3.按缩略成型来分，可分为整体缩略、部分缩略、缩略后调整。 1.原式成分间关系较固定。2.时间上的后随性。3.形式上的可逆性。 1.词汇层面的缩略自然选择规则：语序选择：首词优先、首字优先、末字末词的采用。2.长度的选择：双音化、三音形式、四音形式。类比舍去、先入为主、结构和语义字义作用：缩略中的结构影响、缩略中的语义和字义影响。3.故意缩略的选择规则：有理化倾向、类比采用、语义重心选择、表意倾向、心理选择。 1.汉语构词法的独特性。2.双音化历史传统沿革和人们求简心理。3.社会时代发展的客观需要。

词典学专业术语

词典学术语abbreviation缩略语abbreviative notation缩略标记abridged删节的，未足本的abridged dictionary节本词典abridgement删节，节本absolute equivalent绝对对应词absolute synonym绝对同义词abusage滥用abusive language辱骂语academic dictionary学术词典academic lexicography学术词典学academy dictionary学院词典accent mark重音号acceptability接受性acceptability rating接受等级access alphabet检索字母表access point检索项access structure检索结构acknowledges致谢项acrolect上层方言acronym首字母缩略词active dictionary积极词典，主动性词典active vocabulary积极词汇adjectival noun形容词性名词adjective complement形容词性补语adjective compound复合形容词adjunct附加性副词adnominal名词修饰语advanced searches高级搜索affix词缀affixation词缀法，词缀词agglutinative language黏着型语言alien word外来词allomorph语素变体allophone音位变体allusion典故alphabetic arrangement字母顺序排列alphabetic order字母顺序alphabetic sequence字母顺序alphabetic writing字母文字，拼音文字alphabetization按字母顺序排列alphanumeric combination字母数字组合词alphapedia字顺百科alternative lexicography另类词典学ambiguity歧义ambilogy双关语amelioration of meaning词义的扬升Americanism美国词语，美式英语Ampersand&号（=and）analogical dictionary类义词典analytic definition分析式释义analytic language分析型语言analytical ordering分析排列angle brackets尖括号animate noun生物名词，动物名词anisomorphism语言差异性antedating早于已摘录文献的引语anthroponymy人名学antidictionary反动词典appendix附录appreciative赞赏的，褒义的appropriateness得体性，适切性approximative equivalent近义对等词arch弓形符（即︵）archaic word古词archaism古体，古语archaizing dictionary仿古词典archeography古文献学archive引语档案areal linguistics区域语言学argot黑话arrow箭号article词条，条目artificial language人工语言asserted meaning陈述意义association联想association by contiguity相邻联想association by contrast对比联想association by similarity类似联想association group联想词群associational word联想词associative meaning联想意义asterisk星号（*）at单价号（@）attestation isolee个别使用attributive adjective修饰性形容词authentic example真确性例证authentication求证authenticity真实性author dictionary独编词典author’s dictionary作家词典automatic lemmatization自动归目automatic lexicography自动词典学autosemantic word自义词auxiliary verb助动词back clipping截尾缩略back matter附录部分，后文back matter structure附录结构back page material后页材料back-formation逆构词法backward dictionary逆序词典，倒排词典barbarism不纯正的词语，粗野语base词基，词根base structure基础结构base word词目base-repeating词根重叠释义法basic searches基本搜索basic sense基本义项basic vocabulary基本词汇basic word stock基本词汇bias word倾向性词语bias-free vocabulary无偏见词汇biblical expression圣经词语bibliography书目；目录学bidirectional dictionary双向双语词典bifunctional dictionary双功能词典big dictionary大型词典bilingual dictionary双语词典bilingual edition双解本，双解版bilingual learner’s dictionary双语学习词典bilingual lexicography双语词典学bilingual thesaurus双语分类词典bilingualized dictionary双解词典biographical dictionary人名词典biographical entry人名条目biographical lexicography人名词典学biographical sources传记资料blend混成词，拼缀词blending混成法，拼缀法；拼缀词bogey怪字bold-faced type黑体字borrowed word外借词borrowing借词bound equivalent局限对应词bound form黏附形式bound morpheme黏着词素bound root黏着词根braces大括号brackets方括号breve短音符bridge dictionary桥接词典British National Corpus英国国家语料库broad notation宽式标音法broad transcription宽式音标，宽式记音法browser浏览器buying guide购买指南cacography拼写错误cacology用词不当calque仿照词canonical form标准形式cant隐语，黑话capital letter大写字母caret脱字号（^）casual style随便语体，随意文本catachresis词语误用catchword眉词，导词categorical diversity范畴的差异性categorical equivalence范畴对应关系categorical identity范畴一致性categorization划分范畴，归类caution提醒号CD-ROM dictionary光盘词典censorship审查制度census普查，调查centered period分节点，音节号，中黑点（·）character dictionary字典character set字集check mark核对号（√）children’s dictionary儿童词典chronological dictionary序时词典circular definition循环释义circularity循环释义，互训circumflex音调符号，长音符号circumlocution迂回曲折表达法，遁词citation引语，书证，例证citation file引例档案classificatory label分类标注，类别标记clause idiom成语性分句cliché陈词滥调clipped form截短形式clipped word截短词clipping截短法close construction封闭结构closed combination封闭型组合closed corpus封闭式语料库closed-class words封闭性词类code代码codification编码coding代码化cognate同源词cognitive meaning认知意义coherence连贯性co-hyponym共下义词，共同受支配词coinage新造词语coined term新造术语coined word新造词，新创词college dictionary大学词典collegiate dictionary大学词典collocation搭配（关系）collocational information搭配信息collocative meaning搭配意义colloquial language口语colloquial standard口语标准语colloquial word口语词colloquialism口语词colorpedia彩图百科comb effect梳子效应combinatory possibility组合可能性combinatory variant组合变体combining form组合形式commercial dictionary商业词典common core vocabulary基本词汇，共有核心词汇common usage普通用法common word普通词compact dictionary缩印词典compact edition缩印版comparative lexicography比较词典学compilation（词典）编纂compiler编纂者compiler perspective编篡者视角complementaries互补反义词complete antonym完全反义词complete synonym完全同义词complex word复杂词componential analysis成分分析，义素分析composition合词法compound复合词compound word复合词，合成词compounding复合构词法comprehensive dictionary详解词典computational lexicography计算词典学computer lexicography计算机词典学conceptual connection概念联系conceptual dictionary概念词典conceptual meaning概念意义concise dictionary简明词典concordance语词索引confrontationist linguistics对照语言学conjunct连接性副词connotation隐含意义；附加意义；内涵connotative meaning内涵意义connotative style咨询文体content word实义词context语境context definition语境释义法context of situation言语环境，情景语境contextual definition语境释义contextual function语境功能contextual meaning语境意义contextual theory语境理论contract word缩写词contracted form,contraction缩写contradictory term对立性反义词contrast对称词contrastive analysis对比分析contrastive linguistics对比语言学conversion词类转化法conversive换位反义词cooccurrence同现cooccurrence relation同现关系cooccurrence restriction同现限制cooccurrence-range搭配cooccurrent meaning共现意义copying in dictionaries词典抄借copyright版权core group核心词群core sense核心义项core vocabulary核心词汇core word核心词co-reference互见corpus语料库corpus composition语料库的组成corpus correction语料库矫正corpus-orient lexicography语料库技术词典学correction矫正correctness正确性count noun可数名词countable noun可数名词coverage覆盖度creole混合语creolized language混合语cross reference互参，互见，交互参照cross-classification交叉结构cross-reference structure参见结构cryptogram密码cryptology隐语cultivated spoken language有教养的口头语言cultivated usage优雅用法cultural borrowing文化借用cultural context文化环境cultural dictionary文化词典cultural guide文化向导cultural lexicography文化词典学cultural-bound lexical item文化局限词汇项cultural-bound term(word)文化局限词cultural-loaded expression文化含义词cultural-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇culture-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇cuneiform,cuneiform writing楔形文字curtailed word缩短词cyclopedia百科全书cynicism挖苦语dagger剑号（┼）data bank数据库database数据库，资料库databases&audio-visual materials数据库与声像资料data-processing资料加工，数据处理dead affix废弃的词缀，废缀dead conjugation已经不用的词形变化形式dead language死语言dead metaphor死隐语dead word废词deadjective suffix附加于形容词的后缀deadjective verb来自形容词的动词declension（静词）词尾变化decode解码decoding dictionary解码词典decoding function解码功能de-etymologization词源中断definiendum被下定义的词语，被释词目definiens(pl.definientia)下定义用的词语，释义defining dictionary释义词典defining vocabulary(DV)定义用词汇，定义用词汇总表definition释义，定义deflexion词尾消失degeneration of meaning词义的降格deictic field指示范围denominal adjective来自名词的形容词denominal noun来自名词的名词denominal suffix附加于名词的后缀denominal verb来自名词的动词denotation所指意义，字面意义denotational meaning指称意义，所指意义denotative meaning外延意义denotatum(pl.denotata)所指客观对象density of entries词条密度derivation派生词；派生法derivation by zero suffix零位后缀派生法derivational affix派生词缀derivational antonym派生反义词derivational compound派生复合词derivational morpheme派生形素derivational suffix派生后缀derivative派生词derived form源出（<）derived sense派生义项derived stem派生词干deriving form派生形式derogatory贬损的，贬义的description描写descriptive dictionary描写性词典descriptive equivalent描写性对应词descriptive function描写功能descriptive trend描写性倾向descriptivism描写主义descriptor系索词，标志词designate定义，所指内容的组成designation指称意义designative word指称词designatum(pl.designata)所指内容desk dictionary案头词典desktop e-dictionary桌面电子词典desktop electronic-dictionary桌面电子词典deterioration of meaning词义降格，词义贬降determiner限定词deverbal adjective来自于动词的形容词deverbal noun来自于动词的名词deverbal suffix附加于动词的后缀diachronic approach历时角度diachronic dictionary历时词典diacritic变音符，附加符号diacritic sign附加符号diacritical mark变音符，附加符号diacritical marking符号标音法dialect dictionary方言词典dialect lexicography方言词典学dialectism方言词语diction措词dictionary词典，字典dictionary awareness词典意识dictionary criticism词典批评dictionary culture词典文化dictionary family词典家族dictionary for comprehension理解型词典dictionary for production生成型词典dictionary for speakers of the source language源语用户词典dictionary for speakers of the target language目的语用户词典dictionary for translation翻译词典dictionary form词典形式dictionary history词典史dictionary lookup词典查检dictionary maker词典编篡者dictionary making词典编篡dictionary meaning词典意义dictionary of proverbs谚语词典dictionary of the literary language书面语词典dictionary of the spoken language口语词典dictionary proper正文部分dictionary research词典研究dictionary review词典评论dictionary structure词典结构dictionary text词典语篇dictionary typology词典类型学dictionary use词典使用dictionary user词典使用者dictionary with bilingual双解词典dictionary word词典词didactic function教导功能differentia specifica属差differentia(pl.differentiae)种差differential dictionary区别性词典differential linguistics区别语言学diglossia双语现象diglottic level双语现象的变体diminutive指小（词）diminutive suffix指小后缀directories of agencies机构指南disambiguation消除歧义discourse meaning话语意义discrimination辨异，词义辨析disjunct分离性副词distinctive feature区别性特征distributional analysis分布分析法ditransitive verb双宾语动词ditto“同上”号（″）division into syllables分音节DJ丹尼尔▪琼斯标音法domesticated word归化词dominant sense主要意义double brackets双方括号double check双核对号（√）double dagger双剑号（╪）double scale组成一对的同义词double virgules双斜线号（//）doublet同源异体字echoic word拟声词edition版本editor编辑EFL lexicography英语作为外语的学习词典学electronic bilingual dictionary电子双语词典electronic dictionary电子词典electronic lexicography电子词典学elevation of meaning词义的扬升ellipsis省略号（…）ELT lexicography英语教学词典学emotive meaning情感意义emotive overtone感情色彩empirical ordering经验排列enclitic后接词encode编码，组码encoding dictionary编码词典encoding function编码功能encyclopedia百科全书encyclopedia definition百科释义encyclopedic dictionary百科词典encyclopedic entry百科条目encyclopedic matter百科信息English Philological Society英语语文协会entailed meaning蕴含意义entry条目，词条entry pane条目窗entry word词目ephemeral word瞬息新词equivalent对应词equivalent analogue等值的对应体ESL(English as second language)作为第二语言的英语ethnolinguistic bilingual dictionary人类语言学双语词典etymological dictionary词源词典etymology词源（学）euphemism委婉语everyday expression日常用语example,example-sentence例句exclamation mark感叹号exegetic dictionary注释词典exemplification括注法explanatory definition解说式释义explanatory equivanlent解释对等词explanatory gloss解释性说明explicit cross-reference明示互参extended sense引申意义extension外延extension of meaning语义扩大extinct language死语，死亡语extralinguistic context语言外语境familiar style非正式文体family of languages语系field场field theory词场理论field label学科标注figurative meaning比喻意义figurative speech比喻语figurative-metaphorical比喻隐喻的figure of speech修辞格file资料档案files of citation引例档案filler-in填空词fist参见号fixed accent固定重音fixed collocation固定搭配fixed phrase固定短语fixed stress固定重音fixed word-combination固定词组fixed word-order固定词序folk definition通俗释义folk etymology民俗词源，俗词源学folk speech民间语folk usage通俗用法folk-etymological民俗词源的forcing example强迫性例证foreign affix外来词缀foreign learner’s dictionary外国学习者词典foreign word外来词，外语词foreignism外来词语form of address称呼形式form speech正式言语form style正式文体form word形式词format板式，开本formative构词成分formulaic definition程式释义four-letter word四字母语，粗俗词语frame(structure)框架（结构）free combination自由组合free morpheme自由语素free root自由词根free translation意译free variant自由变体free variation自由变异free word order自由词序French quotes法文引号，书名号frequency词频frequency word-book频率词表front and back clipping对词的首部与尾部的缩略front clipping对词的首部的缩略front matter前页部分front matter,front page material前页，前页材料，（正文前的）材料frozen expression定型短语frozen style拘谨文体full homonym实足同形同音异义词full word实词，完全词function word功能词，虚词functional equivalent功能等值functional label功能标注functional language功能语言functional marker功能标记functional typology功能分类法functional varieties功能变体functional word功能词，虚词fuzzy terms模糊词语gazetteer地名索引，地名词典gem dictionary珍宝词典，精选词典general concordance普通词表general dictionary通用词典；普通词典generalization of meaning词的普遍化general-purpose bilingual dictionary综合性双语词典，通用双语词典general-purpose dictionary综合性（语文）词典general-purpose English dictionary综合性英语词典generative dictionary生成词典generic term类属词genus总属genus proximum近种geographical dictionary地理词典geographical entry地理条目geographical sources地理资料ghostword鬼词，别字giving synonyms同义词释义gleaning补遗gloss夹注，注释glossary注释词表，术语汇编glueword连接词gobbledygook官样文章Gothic writing哥特体字，黑体字governed word受支配词governing word支配词government publications政府出版物gradable adjective等级形容词grammar语法grammatical bound meaning受语法限制的意义grammatical coding语法代码grammatical collocation语法搭配grammatical context语法语境grammatical function语法功能grammatical information语法信息grammatical labeling语法代码grammatical marker语法标记grammatical motivation语法理据grammatical pattern语法模式grammatical sequence语法序列grammatically-partial word虚词graphic illustration插图，图解graphic substance形的实体graphic symbol书写符号guide word眉题，向导词habitual collocation习惯性搭配habitual co-occurrence习惯性同现handheld electronic dictionary掌上电子词典haplography掉字，漏写hard word难词head phrase词条headword词目heavy-duty word重负荷词hesitation-form犹豫形式hierarchical structure层级结构hierarchical system层级系统hieroglyphic writing象形文字high word高位词historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical dictionary（按历史原则编写的）历史词典historical lexicography历史词典学historical ordering历史排列historical principle历史性原则historism历史词语homograph同形异义词homography同形异义homonym同音异义词，同形异义词homonymy同音异义，同形异义homophone mark同音号humorous幽默的hybrid混合词hybrid language混杂词hybrid word混合词，杂交词hyperonym总义词hypersemanticized discourse超语义化的说法hyphen连字符；隔音号hyphenated name连号hyphenation断词hyphenation routine连字法规则hypocoristic form爱称形式hypocoristic word爱称词hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系identifying indication识别性说明ideogram表意文字ideographic symble表意符号ideographic writing表意文字ideography表意文字研究ideographical dictionary概念词典，义类词典ideographical function意识功能idiom习语，成语idiomatic expression习惯性词语idiomatic usage习惯用法idiomatics习语学，成语学illiterate language文盲用语illustration插图，例证illustrative citation例证，引证illustrative example说明性例句；例证illustrative quotation例证imitation binding仿古装帧imitative semantic change语义变化模仿immediate postpositive直接后置形容词implicative method隐含法implicit cross-reference暗示互参impolite word不礼貌用语imposition强加inappropriate不得体的indention缩格index索引index verborum词语出处索引indexation索引检索indexes&abstracts索引与摘要indexing language索引语言infix中缀inflected language屈折语inflection屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectional language屈折语inflectional morpheme屈折词素inflectional variant屈折变体inflective language屈折语inflexion屈折变化inflexional ending词尾屈折inflexional language屈折语inflexional series屈折序列inflexional suffix屈折后缀informal style非正式文体informant语言调查合作人information card背景资料卡information category信息范畴information retrieval language情报检索语言informative dictionary知识性词典initial inflexion开首屈折initial part词首部分initialism首字母连写词inkhorn term学究气的用语innovation新造词insertible equivalent可插入对应词instruction manual说明手册instrument language古今语言instrumental case工具格intensifier强调成分interactive dictionary交互词典interface language接口语言interjection感叹词interlingual dictionary语际词典interlingual interference语际障碍interlingual purism语际语言纯正主义International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)国际音标，国际音标注音法internationalism国际词intimate style亲昵语体intralingual purism内部语言纯正主义introspective example自省性例证invented example自造词irregular inflection不规则屈折形式italic斜体字italic bold-face type斜黑体jargon行话KK KK音标koine共通语，共同语language for specific purposes专门用途语言language notes语言说明language transfer语言迁移language typology语言类型学langue语言，语言系统latent word潜在词Latinism拉丁词语learned word文言词learner’s dictionary学生词典lemma词目lemma unit词目单位letter-by-letter arrangement纯字母排列法lexeme词汇单位；词位，词素，词项lexical词汇的，语词的lexical ambiguity词汇歧义；词汇模糊性lexical collocation词汇搭配lexical context词汇语境lexical density词汇密度lexical entry词项，语词条目lexical equivalent词义对应词lexical expression词汇表达方式lexical field词汇场lexical gap词汇空缺lexical grammar词汇语法lexical item词汇单位；词位，词素，词项lexical meaning词汇意义lexical set词群，词集lexical stock词汇总库lexical unit词汇单位lexical word词汇词lexicographer词典学家，词典编篡者lexicographese词典用语lexicographic context词典语境lexicography词典学，词典编篡，词典编篡学lexicology词汇学lexicon词典（尤指古代语言的词典）；词库ligature连音符lingua franca混合语，通用语，交际语linguistic context语言语境linguistic dictionary语文词典linguistic matter语言信息linguistic typology硬译分类学linguistics across culture跨文化语言学literal error排字错误，印刷错误literal meaning字面意义literal translation直译，硬译literary书面语literary language文学语言literary standard文学标准语literary word书面词语live suffix活后缀living affix现在通用的词缀living conjugation“活”的（词形）变化living language现用语言，活语言living word现在通用的词汇loan blend借词混成词，借词拼缀词loan shift转用借词loan translation翻译借词，仿译词loan word借词，外来词local dialect地方方言locution措词logical definition逻辑式定义logical ordering逻辑排列logographic lexicon字典logography速记符long vowel长元音lower-case letter小写字母（印刷用语）LSP lexicography专业英语词典学machine-readable dictionary机读词典machine-aided lexicography机助词典学macro-lexicography宏观词典学macron长音符（加在元音上的“-”）macrostructure宏观结构made-up example自造例main word主导词majuscule大写字母makeshift language代用语言malformation构词错误，误构manual手册maps&atlases地图与地图集marginal meaning外延意义mark,marker标记master index总索引meaning意义meaning discrimination词义辨析meaning-oriented principle意义中心原则means of access检索途径measure adjective度量形容词measure noun度量名词mechanical dictionary电脑词典mediostructure中间结构medium dictionary中型词典megastruture整体结构metalanguage元语言metalexicography元词典学metaphor隐喻metaphoric meaning比喻意义，喻义metaplasm词形变异methodology方法论metonymy换喻，转喻microcontext微观语境microglossary微词典microlexicography微观词典学microstructure微观结构middle matter正文部分midline dot分节点mixed language混合语modal verb情态动词mode式momentary event verb瞬间动作动词monolingual dictionary单语词典monolingual lexicography单语词典学monosemic word单义词monosemy单义性moribund language垂死语言morpheme语素morpheme word语素词morphemic arrangement语素顺序排列morphemic dictionary词素词典morphemical mark形态符号morphology词法morphology label词法标注mother tongue negative transfer母语负迁移motional verb动作动词motivated word有理据的词motivation of word词的理据multi-lingual dictionary多语词典multilingual lexicography多语词典学multi-media dictionary多媒体词典multiword lexical unit多单词词位，复词词汇单位narrow Romic严式罗密克音标narrow transcription严式音标，窄式记音法narrowed meaning狭义narrowing词义缩小native affix本族词缀native language本族语native speaker说本族语的人native speaker’s dictionary本族语词典native word本族词natural language自然语言near-synonym近义词negative transfer负迁移neoclassic formation新古典词的构词法neoclassic word新古典词neologism新词nest(ing)派生词群nest-alphabetic method词集字母排列法nil-equivalent零对应词，无对应词noetics义位学nomenclature术语集nominal definition名目定义nonce-word临时词non-designative非指称词non-echoic word非拟声词non-gradable adjective非等级形容词non-historical dictionary非历史词典non-insertible equivalent非插入对应词non-productive无构词能力的non-restrictive collocation非限制性搭配nonstandard非标准（用语）normal dictionary传统词典normative dictionary规范词典normative lexicography规范性词典学notional passive意义上被动notional system概念系统notional word实义词noun名词noun adjunct附加名词noun cluster名词词组noun compound复合名词noun of multitude群体名词noun-drivative派生名词now rare目前少用nuance细微差别numbered clause分节号（§）numeral数词object宾语object language目的语，对象语言obsolescent陈旧的obsolete已废的obsolete affix废缀obsolete word旧词obsoletism已废弃的词语one-phrase definition单一短语释义法one-to-one correspondence一一对应one-to-one equivalent一一对等on-line dictionary在线词典，网络词典onomasiological gap词汇空缺；名称空缺onomasiology定名学onomasticon专名词典onomatopoeic word拟声词open combination开放型组合open corpus开放式语料库open-class words开放性词类opposite meaning对立意义optional variant随意变体oratorical style演说文体ordinal number序数词ordinals序数词orthographic criterion书写标准orthographic syllable拼法音节orthography正字法，拼写法ostensive definition直观定义ostensive definition直观释义法output language输出语outside matter正文外部分overall-descriptive dictionary全面描写词典over-defining过度释义P marker短语标记pagination页码检索paper dictionary纸质词典paradigm（名词、动词等的）词形变化表paragraph分节号（§）；段落；段落号（▪）parallel bars平行号（║）parent language母语，源语parentheses圆括号parole言语paronym形似词partial conversion部分词类转化partial equivalent部分对应词partial homonym部分同音同形异义词participle分词particle小品词，语助词parts of speech词类parts-of-speech label词性标注passive dictionary被动型词典，消极词典patois土话pedagogical dictionary教学词典pedagogical lexicography教学词典学pejorative轻蔑词pejorative epithet表贬损的修饰语pejorative suffix贬义后缀perfect antonym完全反义词perfect equivalence完全对等perfect equivalent完全对等词perfect homonym完全同音同形异义词period句号period dictionary断代词典period lexicography断代词典学peripheral kinds of vocabulary边缘性词汇peripheral language外围语periphrastic definition迂回定义peroration of meaning词义的降格personal suffix人称后缀phantom word幻象词phenomenological typology现象分类法philological bilingual dictionary语文学双语词典philological dictionary语文词典philology语文学phoneme音位，音素phonemic notation音标，音位标音法phonemic transcription音位标音phonemic word音位词phonemics音位学，音素学phonetic acronym语音缩写词phonetic alphabet音标，语音字母phonetic change语音演变phonetic convergence音变的汇合phonetic hyphen隔音号（-）phonetic motivation拟声理据phonetic pattern语音模式phonetic spelling表音拼写法phonetic syllable语音音节phonetic symbol音标，音符phonetic transcription注音，标音法phonetic writing拼音文字phoneticism音标拼词法phonographic alphabet表音字母phonology音系学，音位学phrasal verb短语动词phrase短语，词组phrase clipping短语略写phrase idiom惯用短语phrase marker短语标记phraseological dictionary熟语词典phraseological lexicography熟语词典学phraseology熟语，熟语集phrasing措词pictograph象形文字pictographic writing图画文字pictorial arrangement图式顺序排列pictorial dictionary图画词典pictorial illustration插图pidgin混杂语pidgin English洋泾浜英语plurality复数性，多重性plurilingual多语种的plurilingualism多语制pocket dictionary袖珍词典pocket electronic dictionary掌上电子词典poetic word诗歌用语poetical archaic word诗用古词poetry诗体poetism诗体词语polite formulas礼貌套语polylingual多语种的polylingual dictionary多语种对照词典polylingualism多语制polyseme,polysemous word多义词（现象）polysemy多义现象，一词多义polysyllable多音节词polytechnic dictionary科技词典popular etymology俗词源学popular language俗语popular word俗语词portmanteau word紧缩词post-modifier后置修饰语postpositive后置形容词pragmalinguistics语用语言学pragmatic analysis语用分析pragmatic equivalent语用对应词pragmatic failure语用失误pragmatics语用学predeterminer前置限定词predicative表语preface序言prefix前缀prefixation加前缀premodifier前置修饰语prescriptive规范性的prescriptive dictionary规范词典prescriptive grammar规定语法prescriptive lexicography规定性词典学prescriptive trend规定性倾向prescriptivism规定主义present participle现在分词presentational affix表义词缀presentational or tectonic typology表述（或构造）分类法primary accent主重音primary linguistic data第一手语言资料primary meaning本义primitive原始词principal language主体语言print dictionary印刷型词典printing印刷proclitic后接发音词productive activity（说、写等）产出性活动productive affix有派生能力的词缀，派生词缀productive bilingual dictionary能产性双语词典productive dictionary产出型词典productive function产出功能productivity能产性pronominal adjective代词性形容词pronouncing dictionary发音词典pronunciation key发音表prototype原型proverb谚语provincial standard地方标准punctuation mark标点符号punning双关语purism语言纯正主义purrword褒词quadrilingual dictionary四语词典quasi-normative bilingual dictionary准规范化双语词典quasi-synonym准同义词quasi-synoymous word准同义词questionnaire问卷，调查表quotation书证quotation mark引号radiation（词义的）辐射radical词根，部首radical flexion词根屈折radical language词根语radical sense原始义range of application使用范围range of collocation搭配范围rare罕用reading programme阅读项目real definition真实定义realization体现关系Received Pronunciation(RP)标准发音receptive activity接收活动receptive function接收功能receptor language接收语reciprocal dictionary互补词典reciprocal relation相互关系reduced entry减缩词条reduplication重叠reduplicative word重叠词reference参见reference book工具书reference dictionary查考型词典reference matter检索信息reference mark检索符号reference need检索目的reference skill检索技巧reference unit检索单位referent所指事物，词目所指的对象referential definition所指释义referential meaning information所指意义referential pragmatics指代语用学referential symbolism所指符号refinement修饰reflected meaning发射意义regional word地区性词regionalism区域词语register域register label语域标注relational word关系词relative synonym相对同义词，近义词reroute重新查找respelling schemes重拼法respelling system重拼发音符号系统restricted language限制性语言restriction of meaning词义的限制restrictive collocation限制性搭配reverse dictionary逆序词典rheme述位rhyming dictionary音韵词典Roman type正体字root词根root antonym词根反义词root inflexion词根屈折root form词根形式，根式round brackets圆括号runic writing北欧古代文字running head向导词run-on(entry)副词目，内词条sandhi连读变音scholarly dictionary学术词典schoolboy slang学生俚语scientific terminology科技术语search检索，搜索searching window检索窗secondary accent次重音，次重音号secondary compound二次复合词secondary derivative次派生词secondary language第二语言secondary meaning次要意义secondary morpheme-word次语素词secondary phoneme次音位secondary stress次重音segmental dictionary部分语词词典，特种语词词典selection of entries(articles)选条selection of head characters选字selection of headwords选词selection preference选择倾向selection restriction选择限制sell-aware form自觉形式semantic affinity语义一致semantic arrangement语义顺序排列semantic coincidence语义重合semantic component语义成分semantic condensation语义缩合semantic contradiction语义矛盾semantic contrast语义对比semantic criterion语义标准semantic dictionary主题词典semantic divergence词义分化semantic extension语义扩展semantic factor语义因素semantic field语义场semantic function语义功能semantic glosses语义注释semantic inclusion语义包容semantic intersection语义交叉semantic marker语义标记semantic motivation语义理据semantic properties语义特征semantic prototype model语义原型模式semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学sememe义素semi-bilingual半双解semicolon分号semiology,semiotics符号学semi-unabridged dictionary半足本词典sense义项sense discrimination义项区分sense relation义项关系sentence connector连接词sentence idiom成语性句子sentence pattern句型sentence substitute替代词set expression固定词语shades of meaning语义色彩shift sign移位符（加在元音上的符号，如︵，′）short cuts词义速查short vowel短音符shortening缩短法signification词义singularity单数性slang俚语slang dictionary俚语词典slang expression俚语词语slang word俚语词slant斜线号（/）slip资料卡small capital小大写small dictionary小型词典snarl word贬词social dialect社会方言social-situational feature社会情景特征social-cultural meaning社会文化意义sociopragmatic information社会语用信息sociopragmatics社会语用学solecism语法错误solid compound固定复合词sound pattern语音模式sound shift语音演变sound system语音系统sound-variation语音变异source蓝本sources of statistics统计资料speaker-meaning说话人的用意special dictionary专科词典special lexicography专科词典学special pages专题页special-field dictionary专科词典specialized dictionary专门词典specialized meaning专用义specific term/word狭义词specifying gloss规定性注释speech act言语行为speech level label语言层次标注speech mechanism言语机制speech recognition言语识别speech repertoire活用语言库。