SBXL&班戈大学:研究显示人类大脑的“消费理性”一般只持续半小时
论高职院校教师职业倦怠与学生学习惰性之间的恶性循环

论高职院校教师职业倦怠与学生学习惰性之间的恶性循环关键词:高职院校;教师;学生;惰性【中图分类号】g640该论文为苏北地区高校心理健康教育与研究基地一般课题研究成果,编号为:sbxlktyj13021。
职业倦怠现象是现代社会普遍存在的职业病,在教育行业尤为突出。
职业倦怠是用来描述个体在工作中的一种负面症状,最早由freudenberger提出(1),如工作激情衰退、工作成就感下降或自我要求降低等症状,基本形态主要分为情感耗竭、去个性化以及个人成就感低落三个方面。
情感耗竭是指情绪低落,身心疲惫,对工作失去热情;去人性化是指工作在对自我要求降低的同时,对人对事易燥易怒;而低成就感则是指经过努力之后没有达到预期效果,从而对工作失去进取心,认为是否努力结果都一样。
高职院校学生,从本质分析,与高校学生区别在于自制力薄弱,缺乏学习兴趣和学习动力,自信心较低,这些都是高中的遗留问题。
惰性养成容易,改善难,进入大学生活,以自主学习为主,课程较少,业余时间较多,这样的环境,使得学生学习惰性更为猖狂。
课堂上学习纪律松散,学习激情低下,对老师所教知识无目的无要求地选择性吸收。
学生的学习欲望刺激教师备课热情,教师的课堂情绪激发学生的学习动力,反之,将会滋养双方惰性不断滋长。
因此,分析教师和学生间惰性循环原因并找出解决办法是促进高校教育发展刻不容缓的关键举措。
一教师职业倦怠因素分析:目前众多文献针对教师职业倦怠做了相关调查研究,研究结果表明,高职院校中职业倦怠现象明显的群体主要集中于青年教师,并给出青年教师职业倦怠归因,主要归因为:(1)角色转换的不适应;(2)职业压力因素;(3)学校管理体制不完善;(4)付出与回报的不对等等。
(2)(3)(4)(5)作为青年教师,我将以个人经验,在以上归因的基础上补充一条不可忽视的职业倦怠成因。
从事教师职业之初,相信每位青年教师都是通读教材,补充知识点,准备讲义,模拟课堂,然后怀着满腔热情和期待,准备迎接一群渴望学习,等待知识浇灌的学生。
几种非离子表面活性剂的性能比较(大连理工讲座)

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚虽然对环境不友 好,但是其乳化净洗效果还是相当出众, 在农业、工业硬表面清洗等不要求 APEO的领域,仍然发挥巨大作用。
目前生产烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的厂商 较多,陶氏、汉姆等国外公司有较大的 产量。甚至出现了进口货比国产货的价
大连理工大学 化工学院
二,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO、MOA、TO、SOFTANOL等) 主要种类: 月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO系列) 12-14碳伯醇聚氧乙烯醚(MOA系列) 12-14碳仲醇聚氧乙烯醚(触媒SOFTANOL和陶氏的S系列) 支链化13碳格尔伯特醇聚氧乙烯醚(巴斯夫TO和沙索13系列) 支链化10碳格尔伯特醇聚氧乙烯醚(巴斯夫XL) 直链的10碳醇聚氧乙烯醚(巴斯夫XP) 直链的8碳辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC) 直链的8碳异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC-2或JFC-E表面活性剂性能比较 2,除蜡性能 脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物>烷基酚类聚醚 >异构十三碳醇醚>仲醇聚醚>AEO与 MAO >净洗剂6501
大连理工大学 化工学院
非离子表面活性剂性能比较 3,普通污垢的净洗性能 烷基酚类聚醚≈脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物 >异构十三碳醇醚>仲醇聚醚>AEO与 MAO >净洗剂6501
非离子表面活性剂种类相对较少,在工业及公 共设施洗涤剂中,非离子表面活性剂中作为洗涤剂 使用的主要可分为醚类和非醚类两大类。
大连理工大学 化工学院
一,烷基酚的聚氧乙烯醚(TX、 NP 、OP) TX与NP是同一 产品,为壬基酚的聚氧乙烯醚。 OP则是辛基酚的聚氧乙烯醚。 两种烷基酚醚的区别在于OP为14碳的碳链,TX/NP多出 一个碳,为15个碳的碳链。OP的乳化性和渗透性能好于 TX/NP,分散性能差于TX/NP。OP的浊点和HLB值均高 于TX/NP, OP的泡沫要低于TX/NP。具体在应用方面, OP更适合做乳化剂和较高温度条件下使用。TX/NP适合 温度低的条件下使用,性能更加全面,多用于净洗领域。 最后,OP的价格远远高于NP/TX的价格。
SpeakerCraft BassX 系列floor standing powered 子音响说明书

OWNER’S MANUALBassX SeriesFloor Standing Powered SubwoofersBassX-8 / BassX-10 / BassX-12SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS• Explanation of Graphical Symbols1. Read Instructions - All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the appliance is operated.2. Retain Instructions - The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference.3. Heed Warnings - All warnings on the appliance and in the operating instructions should be adhered to.4. Follow Instructions - All operating and other instructions should be followed.5. Water and Moisture - The appliance should not be used near water - for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool, etc.6. Carts and Stands - The appliance should be used only with a cart or stand that is recommended by the manufacturer . PORTABLE CARTWARNING7. Wall or Ceiling Mounting - The appliance should be mounted to a wall or ceiling only as recommended by the manufacturer .8. Ventilation - The appliance should be situated so that its loca-tion or position does not interfere with its proper ventilation. For example, the appliance should not be situated on a bed, sofa, rug, or similar surface that may block the ventilation openings; or placed in a built-in installation, such as a bookcase or cabinet that may impede the flow of air through the ventilation openings.9. Heat - The appliance should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, stoves, or other appliances that produce heat.10. Power Source - The appliance should be connected to apower supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the appliance.11. Power-Cord Protection - Power-supply cords should be routedso that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them, paying particular attention to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the appliance.12. Cleaning - The appliance should be cleaned only as recom-mended by the manufacturer .13. Nonuse Periods - The power cord of the appliance should beunplugged from the outlet when left unused for a long period of time.14. Object and Liquid Entry - Care should be taken so thatobjects do not fall into and liquids not spilled into the inside of the appliance.15. Damage Requiring Service - The appliance should be ser-viced by qualified service personnel when: a. The power-supply cord or the plug has been damaged; or b. Objects have fallen onto, or liquid has been spilled into the appliance; orc. The appliance has been exposed to rain; ord. The appliance does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance; ore. The appliance has been dropped, or the cabinet damaged.16. Servicing - The user should not attempt to service the appliance beyond those means described in the operatinginstructions. All other servicing should be referred to qualified service personnel.17. Grounding or Polarization - The precautions that shouldbe taken so that the grounding or polarization means of an appliance is not defeated.The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert you to the presence of uninsulated “dangerous voltage” within the product’s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert you to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance.APPLICABLE FOR USA, CANADA OR WHERE APPROVED FOR USAGECAUTION: TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK, MATCHWIDE BLADE PLUG TO WIDE SLOT, INSERT FULLY .ATTENTION: POUR EVITER LES CHOCSELECTRIQUES, INTRODUIRE LA LAME LA PLUS LARGE DE LA FICHE DANS LA BORNE CORRESPONDANTEDE LA PRISE ET POUSSER JUSQU AU FOND.INTRODUCTIONThe BassX-8, BassX-10 and BassX-12 provide accurate bass to any audio system, and are designed to work in conjunction with your other audio components. They can be connected to any surround sound receiver that has a subwoofer output; any receiver that has a built-in preamplifier; or any receiver that has speaker level outputs. The pass-through feature of the BassX-8, BassX-10 and BassX-12 allows the left and right line level input signals to be fed out of the unit to other amplifiers or system components.PLACEMENTFor optimal performance, the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 should be placed in a corner along the same wall as the front speakers. The unit is shielded, so it is safe to place near video devices. When choosing a place for the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12, please keep the following in mind:DO• Place the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 with its feet resting on a solid flat level surface.• Place the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 in a well-vented area to provide proper cooling. In areas that lack proper ventilation, such asD I A G R A M 2:R e c e i v e r w i t h S u b O u tD I A G R A M 3:R e c e i v e r w i t h P r e a m p O u t p u t sPage 6 BassX-8/10/12 Owner’s ManualConnecting the Speaker Wires (See Diagram 4)Follow these instructions when using the Speaker Level Outputs of your receiver or amplifier to connect to the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12.For best results, use speaker wire that is at least 18 gauge. For runs longer than 75 feet, 14 gauge wire is recommended.Wire larger than 14 gauge is not recommended because it may not fit into the connector . For best results, strip all wire insulation no more than 3⁄8" from the end before inserting into the connector .1. Strip the speaker wires’ insulation 3⁄8" from the end.2. Connect the wires from the speakers to the appropriate location under“Speaker Level Out”. Please observe proper polarity of the connections (+ to + and – to –).(See Diagram 5)3. Connect the amplifier’s or receiver's speaker outputs to the appropriate location under “Speaker Level In”. Please observe properpolarity of the connections (+ to + and – to –).CAUTION: If the “Speaker Level Out” and “Speaker Level In” connections are reversed, a short could result across the amplifier or receiver output terminals, which may seriously damage your amplifier or receiver . Please double-check all connections before turn-ing on your amplifier or receiver .DIAGRAM 4:Speaker Level Input/OutputsDIAGRAM 5:Receiver with Stereo OutputsBassX-8/10/12 Owner’s ManualPage 7OPERATIONOnce the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 is connected, use the controls described below to make adjustments so that it will blend seamlessly with the other speakers inyour system. (See Diagrams 6 & 7)Power SwitchThis switch turns the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 on or off. When switched to the“On” position, the green light will illuminate; when “Off”, the red light will illuminate.Volume KnobUse this control to match the output of the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 to that of the main speakers in the system. We recommend that you play a variety of mate-rial before selecting a setting. Start with the control in the “Off” position (completely coun-terclockwise)and slowly turn it up.Boost KnobUse this control to adjust the bass of the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 from 0dB to 3dB.Frequency KnobUse this control to adjust the upper frequency limit of the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12. The purpose is to control the overlap the upper frequencies of the BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 and the main speaker’s lower frequencies.Phase SwitchAllows you to toggle between 0° and 180° phase modes. Listen to the system and leave the switch in the position that has more audible bass.DIAGRAM 6:Power Switch (Rear Panel)DIAGRAM 7:Front-Mounted ControlsNo sound is heard.A hum or buzzing sound is heard.The sound may be caused by a ground loop in the system. Try to eliminate this by reversing the AC plugs of other components in the system.Try plugging the receiver into another outlet.Other causes may include faulty cables.The BassX-8, BassX-10 or BassX-12 will not turn on.The subwoofer must be plugged into a live outlet. The power switch on the back panel must be on. A signal must be playing into the input jacks.Audio cable to the receiver is not connected properly or the cable is bad. Use another cable that you know is good. Check all wire connections and plugs.The ProblemPossible Causes And SolutionsTROUBLESHOOTINGThe BassX-8, BassX-10 and BassX-12 are designed to function trouble-free. Most problems occur due to operating errors. If you have a problem, please check the troubleshooting list first. If the problem persists, please call Tech Support at 1-800-448-0976 or e-mail us at techsupport@.SPECIFICATIONS BassX-8BassX-10BassX-12Woofer 8" long throw woofer , coated 10" long throw woofer , coated 12" long throw woofer , coated pulp cone, reverse dust cap, pulp cone, reverse dust cap, pulp cone, reverse dust cap,rubber surround, 2" voice coil rubber surround, 2" voice coil rubber surround, 2" voice coil Variable Low 40Hz-150Hz 40Hz-150Hz 40Hz-150Hz Pass Crossover High Pass 75Hz 75Hz 75Hz Crossover Impedance 4Ω 4Ω 4Ω Power Rating 125 Watts 150 Watts 250 Watts Magnetic Shielding YesYesYesDimensions 113⁄4"(W) x 121⁄4"(D) x 113⁄4"(H)* 143⁄8"(W) x 157⁄8"(D) x 143⁄8"(H)* 177⁄8"(W) x 187⁄8"(D) x 177⁄8"(H)*Weight32 lbs45 lbs60 lbs* (+ 1⁄2" for Feet)In our attempt to constantly improve our products, features and specifications are subject to change without notice.51Fortechnicalinquires,****************************************************************.Weareavailabletoassistyouevery weekday, except holidays, between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. PST.SpeakerCraft offers a variety of accessories to make your installation of these speakers and other SpeakerCraft products easy, economical, and professional. Contact your authorized SpeakerCraft Dealer for more information.®LIMITED 2-YEAR WARRANTYSpeakerCraft Inc. warrants to the original retail purchaser only that this SpeakerCraft product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two years, provided the product was purchased from a SpeakerCraft Authorized Dealer .Defective products must be shipped, together with proof of purchase, prepaid insured to the SpeakerCraft Authorized Dealer from whom they were purchased, or to the SpeakerCraft factory at the address listed on this installation instruction manual. Freight collect shipments will be refused. It is preferable to ship this product in the original shipping container to lessen the chance of transit damage. In any case, the risk or loss or damage in transit is to be borne by the pur-chaser . If upon examination at the Factory or SpeakerCraft Authorized Dealer it is determined that the unit was defective in materials or workmanship at any time during this warranty period, SpeakerCraft or the SpeakerCraft Authorized Dealer will, at its option, repair or replace this product at no additional charge, except as set forth below. If this model is no longer available and can not be repaired effectively, SpeakerCraft, at its sole option may replace the unit with a cur-rent model of equal or greater value. In some cases where a new model is substituted, a modification to the mounting surface may be required. If mounting surface modification is required, SpeakerCraft assumes no responsibility or liability for such modification. All replaced parts and product become the property of SpeakerCraft Inc. Products replaced or repaired under this warranty will be returned to the original retail purchaser , within a reasonable time, freight prepaid.This warranty does not include service or parts to repair damage caused by accident, disaster , misuse, abuse, negligence, inadequate packing or shipping pro-cedures, commercial use, voltage inputs in excess of the rated maximum of the unit, or service, repair or modification of the product which has not been autho-rized or approved by SpeakerCraft. This warranty also excludes normal cosmetic deterioration caused by environmental conditions. This warranty will be void if the Serial number on the product has been removed, tampered with or defaced.This warranty is in lieu of all other expressed warranties. If the product is defective in materials or workmanship as warranted above, the purchaser’s sole rem-edy shall be repair or replacement as provided above. In no event will SpeakerCraft be liable for any incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the product, even if SpeakerCraft Inc. or a SpeakerCraft Inc. Authorized Dealer has been advised of the possibility of such damages, or for any claim by any other party. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the above limitation and exclu-sion may not apply.of an implied Warranty. If the original retail purchaser resides in such a state, this limitation does not apply.。
SH366006 标准版用户手册_V1.0

RSLINX入门指南

1 • 欢迎使用 RSLinx Classic.............................................................................. 1
什么是 RSLinx Classic?................................................................................ 2 不同类型 RSLinx Classic 的区别 ................................................................. 3
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Ethernet 是 Digital Equipment Corporation、 Intel 和 Xerox Corporation 的注册商标。
常用效果插件(VST)介绍和下载

常用效果插件(VST)介绍和下载1.『效果插件』网络K歌VST插件效果合集,下载地址:/s/1dD88HQp包括:激励器、爆音效果、电话音效果、变声效果、电音效果、混响效果、环绕效果、回声效果、魔音、双音、震荡、失真、闪避、压限器等,打包提供是为了让你一步到位,如果仅仅网络K歌和喊麦需要,仅仅下载效果合集就够用了。
效果合集里提供的纯VST插件,除了个别之外下面就不另行介绍啦,请根据需要下载,尽量不要重复...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~母带~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2. 『母带处理器』恐龙,IKMultimediaT-RackSDeluxe T-Racks 3 (附注册码),下载地址:/share/link?shareid=452397&uk=1325 508126恐龙音频处理软件IKMultimediaT-RackSDeluxeT-Racks 3 是一款世界知名的音频处理器,适用于后期制作与混音阶段的高品质音频插件,包含9套模拟模组和数字动态/均衡运作元件,提供好莱坞等级的音频讯号。
3.『母带处理器』臭氧,最新iZotope Ozone 5 Advanced v5.04,下载地址:/s/1o6JMjua;另附iZotope Ozone4 汉化版(内含注册机),下载地址:/s/1h6ivk极富盛名美国iZotope 公司制作的第四代专业级后期母带综合处理音效插件,俗称“臭氧”,强大的音频多效果处理能力,千变万化的处理效果,而又绝不夸张,无愧母带处理的领军地位,值得拥有和珍藏(组合操作复杂,需有一定音频调整基础)。
VST 版本,可在任何支持VST 插件的播放器、音乐工作室宿主中调用。
在一个系统中集成了七种母带处理,使你轻松完成专业混音。
响度最佳化处理可以使你发布的作品都有相同的声音均衡。
违纪大学生心理健康状况分析

·调查研究·李丹马雪梅【摘要】调查评估违纪大学生的心理健康状况,为违纪大学生心理健康教育和心理危机干预工作提供客观依据。
采用症状自评量表(SCL)⁃90对江苏师范大学244名违纪大学生进行问卷调查,分别对比不同性别、年级违纪大学生的心理健康差异,并与国内常模作对照。
结果显示:违纪大学生在焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子方面高于国内常模;除精神病性因子,男生总均分和其他各因子得分均高于女生;违纪大学生的心理健康总均分和各因子得分从高到低依次为:大一年级大于大二年级大于大三年级,且3个年级在人际关系敏感、焦虑因子上差异有统计学意义。
结论:违纪大学生心理健康水平低于普通大学生,高校教育工作者应高度关注并采取相应措施提高其心理健康水平。
【关键词】违纪大学生;心理健康;症状自评量表近几年,高校大学生违纪情况呈上升趋势,违纪行为也呈现出新的特点。
以往研究中,研究者更多的关注学生违纪行为产生的心理特征,如侥幸心理、从众心理、逆反心理、好奇心理、虚荣求胜心理、讲义气心理等,关注学生违纪心理产生的影响因素,如客观因素(社会环境、学校环境、家庭环境)、主观因素等,然而,对大学生违纪后的心理健康状况关注甚少。
我国高校学生多数处于18~24岁这一年龄阶段。
此阶段个体的生理发展已接近完成,已具备了成年人的体格及生理功能,但其心理尚未完全成熟,违纪行为会给正在成长的学生们带来困扰和矛盾。
多数大学生违纪后的心理特征表现为后悔、自卑、压力大、试图改正又担心今后发展无望,渴望他人帮助又害怕遭到拒绝和耻笑,由此带来的心理健康状况更应受到教育工作者的高度关注。
本研究旨在通过对违纪大学生的心理健康状况的调查,探讨大学生违纪后的心理状况,期望能为预防大学生违纪及违纪大学生的教育提供心理学方面的依据。
1对象与方法1.1研究对象:采用分层抽样的方法,从江苏师范大学违纪大学生数据库中抽取大一、大二和大三年级共250名违纪大学生进行问卷调查,发放问卷250份,回收有效问卷244份,有效率为97.6%。
道家思想在大学生心理健康教育中的价值诠释

收稿日期:2013-07-25基金项目:苏北地区高校大学生心理健康教育研究项目(SBXLKTYJ13029)。
作者简介:马建新(1969-),男,江苏泗阳人,淮海工学院商学院党委副书记、副教授,硕士,主要研究方向为大学生思想政治教育和学生工作。
道家思想在大学生心理健康教育中的价值诠释马建新1张学武2(1.淮海工学院商学院,江苏连云港222005;2.淮海工学院外国语学院,江苏连云港222005)摘要:道家思想可以促进大学生的身心和谐,帮助大学生进行自我调适,预防和化解心理疾病。
“自然无为,安时处顺”的思想有助于大学生理解事物,洞察世事,认识事物发展的规律。
“利而不害,为而不争”思想可以化解大学生各种压力,使大学生在为社会作贡献的同时获得成就感和心理平衡,有利于建立良好人际关系。
“少私寡欲,知足知止”的思想可以帮助大学生调节物欲,降低利己私心与过高的争夺名利,树立合理的期望值,有效地消除物欲带来的心理疾患。
“知和处下,以柔胜刚”的思想指导大学生要学会谦虚对待世间事物,学会虚静恬淡,调整心态。
“自知者明,自胜者强”指导大学生正确评价自我,发展自我。
关键词:安时处顺;为而不争;知足知止;以柔胜刚;自知自胜中图分类号:G641文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-6365(2013)05-0119-04千百年来,国人深受传统文化的影响,儒家思想一直激励着人们积极入世、奉献社会,而当人们遇到事业失败、精神挫折、心理困惑的时候,便容易接受道家的处世养生之道。
林语堂曾经说过,道家思想在动乱年代可以为中国人分忧解难,当肉体和精神经受磨难时候,道家思想也会给人的心灵和精神一条安全的出路。
[1]可以说,道家思想是慰藉中国人心灵伤痛的药方。
道家思想是以体悟大道为宗旨,这个大道是天地万物存在的根本,也是世人安身立命的法则。
老子说过,有样东西混然而成,它先于天地而存在,无形无声,永远不会变化;它不依赖于其他事物,永不停息,运作不止;它是天地万物的根源;人们不知道如何称呼它,姑且以“道”称之。
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SBXL&班戈大学:研究显示人类大脑的“消费理性”一般只持续半小时
Posted on 2013年12月28日 by DinK in 消费者研究with 0 Comments
这项研究由英国消费者行为分析机构SBXL和班戈大学的心理学家合作完成。
研究人员征募40名志愿者进入模拟杂货店购物,让他们看屏幕上各种打折促销商品,选出最物有所值的便宜货,加入购物清单。
与此同时,研究人员借助磁共振成像(MRI)技术扫描志愿者的大脑,观察高级认知区域保持活跃的时长。
结果显示,大脑高级认知中枢前额叶皮层是志愿者寻找便宜货的“利器”,但23分钟后,这一区域开始“关闭”,不再发挥作用,令理性消费能力下降。
SBXL总经理阿德科克说:“过了一会儿,我们的大脑无法处理各种信息,开始寻找捷径,于是只要见到红白相间的标识就认为那是便宜货,因为那种标识通常用于打折促销。
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前额叶皮层主要负责决策等复杂任务,但这一区域长时间保持活跃会令消费者产生疲惫感,转而求助大脑的原始组织,譬如岛叶皮层,但是这一区域并不擅长判断商品是否物有所值。
研究人员说,这一结果并不意味着购物半小时后不能再出手,只要休息片刻,譬如去喝一杯咖啡,就能给大脑前额叶皮层“充电”,让它恢复功能。
SBXL先前一项调查显示,购物时,消费者的大脑容易出现信息超负荷情况,进行非理性购物,多花冤枉钱。
那项调查结果显示,大约两成的消费者会把标有“特价”的商品放入购物车内,即便它的价格高于同类商品;大约一半消费者购买“买一赠一”商品时竟然只拿一件。