ACCA F1 大题知识点 修订版

1.what are the porter`s value chain?(Porter grouped the various activities of an organization into a value chain.)The value chain describes those activities of the organization that add value to purchased inputs.The porter`s value chain comprise support activities, primary activities and margin. Primary activities are directly related to production, sales, marketing. Deliver and service. Support activities provide purchased inputs, human resources, technology and infrastructural functions to support the primary activities. The margin is the excess the customer is prepared to pay over the cost to the firm of obtaining resource inputs and providing value activities.2.What are the five competitive forces?The competitive environment is structures by five forces.Potential entrants (Barriers to entry); substitute(substitute products); customer(the bargaining power of customers);suppliers(the bargaining power of suppliers); rivalry among existing firms(行业竞争对手)3.What are the differences between internal and external audit?a.Reason. Internal audit is an activity designed to add value and improve an organization`s operations. External audit is anexercise to enable auditors to express an opinion on the financial statements.b.Reporting to. Internal audit reports to the board of directors, or other charged with governance. The external auditors reportto the shareholders or members of a company on the stewardship of the directors.c.Relating to. Internal audit`s work relates to the operations of the organization. External audit’s work relates to the financialstatements. (Concerned with the financial records that underlie these.)d.Relationship. With the company. Internal auditors are very often employees of the organization. External auditors areindependent of the company and its management. (They are appointed by the shareholders.)4.Introduce the fiscal policy and monetary policyFiscal policy provides a method of managing aggregate demand in the economy. Fiscal policy includes government policy on taxation, public borrowing and public spending. Monetary policy uses money supply. Interest rates or credit controls to influence aggregate demand. Monetary policy: government policy on the money supply, the monetary system, interest rates, exchange rates and the availability of credit.5.What the situations of budget surplus and budget deficit happen?When government`s income exceeds its expenditure and there is a negative PSNCR or Public sector debt repayment (PSDR), we say that the government is running a budget surplus. This may be a deliberate policy to reduce the size of the money supply by taking money out of the economy. When a government`s expenditure exceeds its income, we say that the government is runninga budget deficit.6.Why does organization exist? (In brief, organizations enable people to be more productive.)Organizations can achieve results which individuals cannot achieve by themselves.a.Overcome people`s individual limitations, whether physical or intellectual.b.Enable people to specialize in what they do best.c.Save time. Because people can work together or do two aspects of a different task at the same time.d.Accumulate and share knowledge.e.Enable synergy: by bring together two individuals their combined output will exceed their output if they continued workingseparately.7.What the different between private companies and public limited companies?8.Types of limited companyAccording to Mintzberg`s view, the five component parts include strategic apex, operating core, middle line, technostructure and support staff.10.Introduce the components of the shamrock organization and the Anthony hierarchy.Shamrock organization includes self employed, contingent, professional and consumers. Robert Anthony classified managerial activity as follows: strategic management, tactical management and operational management.11.What are the types of committee?Committee can be classified according to the power they exercise.a.Executive committees have the power to govern or administer.b.Standing committees are formed for a particular purpose on a permanent basis. Their role is to deal with routine businessdelegated to them at weekly or monthly meetings.c.AD hoc committees are formed to complete a particular task.d.Sub-committee (小组委员会) may be appointed by committees to relieve the parent committees of some of its routinework. It helps the standing committees.e.Joint committees(联合委员会) may be formed to co-ordinate the activities of two or more committeesf.Management committees in many businesses contain executives at a number of levels not all the decisions in a firm need tobe taken by the board.12.What are the qualities of good information?The qualities of good information include accurate, complete, cost- beneficial, user-targeted, relevant, authoritative, timely, easy to use.13.Introduce Handy`s 4 types of culturea.Power culture is shaped by one individual.b.Role culture is a bureaucratic culture shaped by rationality, rules and procedures.c.Rask culture is shaped by a focus on outputs and results.d.Existential or person culture is shaped by the interests of individuals.14.List the potential benefits of the informal organization.The potential benefits of the informal organization include Employee commitment, knowledge sharing, speed, responsiveness, co-operation.。