2013年考研英语(一)大纲原文doc-3
2013年全国考研英语一真题及答案.doc
2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulText 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagini ng that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowe d mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede st ate laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White Ho use argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using theirown resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were over turned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants ‘information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congre ss’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I Use of English1. A. grants2. D. external3. C. picture4. A. For example5. B. fearful6. B. on7. A. if8. D. test9. D. success10. A. chosen11. D. otherwise12. C. conducted13. B. rated14. D. took15. B. then16. C. marked17. A. before18. C. drop19. B. undo20. C. necessarySection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 (In the 2006)21. B. insensitivity to fashion22. D. shop for their garment more frequently23. A. accusation24. D. pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing25. C. criticism of the fast-fashion industryText 2 (An old saying)26. B. lower their operational costs27. D. internet browser developers28. C. will not benefit consumers29. A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose30. D. skepticismText 3 (Now utopia)31. B. our faith in science and technology32. A. sustained species33. D. our immediate future is hard to conceive34. C. draw on our experience from the past35. C. the ever-bright prospects of mankindText 4 (On a five to three)36. C. overstepped the authority of federal immigration37. C. states’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement38. D. stood in favor of the states39. A. outweighs that held by the states40. D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part B41. E. These issues all have root causes in human behavior...42. F. Despite these factors...43. B. However, the numbers are still small...44. G. During the late 1990s...45. C. The idea is to force social to integrate...Section III Translation46. 然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然意识到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求47. 一块神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是一种人类本能的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的本能需求。
2013考研英语大纲汇总
2013考研英语大纲汇总.table{border-left:1px #99CCFFsolid;border-top:1px #99CCFF solid} .tabletd{border-right:1px #99CCFF solid; border-bottom:1px #99CCFF solid; text-align:center;FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 22px; FONT-FAMILY: ‘微软雅黑’} 2013考研英语大纲及解析 1 2013年考研英语大纲（英语大纲完整版）查看详情 2 2013年考研英语大纲一查看详情名师访谈 1 名师指导：2013考研英语大纲分析和备考思路查看详情整体解析 1 名师讲解：2013考研英语新大纲新增60词汇详解查看详情2 2013新增词汇速查词义词性分类词汇表查看详情3 大纲局部微调及应对策略查看详情4 2013考研英语大纲全方位解读—以不变应万变查看详情5 2013年与2012年英语（一）大纲变化分析查看详情6 2013年与2012年英语（二）考试大纲变化分析查看详情7 2013考研英语大纲：夯实基础，突出技巧查看详情专项解析 1 大纲变化应对策略—单词篇查看详情 2 大纲变化应对策略—阅读篇查看详情 3 大纲变化应对策略—写作篇查看详情 4 2013年考研英语完型解题之十大逻辑关系解析查看详情 5 考研英语翻译“拆分”势在必行查看详情6 英语（二）从三大方面入手提升翻译分数查看详情7 英语（二）大纲看翻译部分复习要点查看详情8 英语（二）大纲：翻译部分解析查看详情9 英语（二）翻译部分解析与应考策略查看详情 10 英语(一)大纲作文命题特点及应对策略查看详情 11 英语大纲解析:小作文写作技巧查看详情 12 英语大纲指导下的作文写作高分技巧查看详情 13 考研英语(一)大纲之阅读部分查看详情 14 英语大纲阅读Part A部分解析及复习策略查看详情 15 英语大纲阅读部分：实践与理论相结合查看详情 *说明:因各方面不断调整变化,此信息仅供参考。
2013考研真题英语1
2013考研真题英语1The 2013 Postgraduate English Exam Question 1In recent years, there has been a growing trend of individuals pursuing higher education in China. This can be seen through the increasing number of applicants for the postgraduate entrance examination. It is important to analyze the 2013 English exam question 1 from the perspective of those who took the exam. This article will provide a comprehensive analysis of the question, as well as offer strategies to effectively tackle similar questions in the future.The 2013 English exam question 1 focused on the topic of "social networking sites." Candidates were required to read a passage and then answer four multiple-choice questions based on the passage. The passage discussed the impact of social networking sites on social interactions and the advantages and disadvantages of such platforms.The passage began by stating that social networking sites have revolutionized the way people communicate and interact with each other. It highlighted the convenience and efficiency that these platforms offer in terms of connecting with friends, sharing information, and even finding job opportunities. The passage also mentioned the potential risks and negative effects of social networking sites, such as privacy concerns, addiction, and the spread of false information.The first question asked candidates about the main purpose of social networking sites. The correct answer was "to facilitate communication andconnection." This question aimed to test the candidates' understanding of the passage and their ability to identify the central idea.The second question focused on the advantages of social networking sites. The correct answer was "convenience." This question tested the candidates' ability to comprehend specific details and examples provided in the passage.The third question addressed the potential risks of social networking sites. The correct answer was "privacy concerns." This question tested the candidates' ability to grasp negative consequences mentioned in the passage and understand their implications.The fourth and final question asked candidates about the attitude of the author towards social networking sites. The correct answer was "neutral." This question aimed to test the candidates' ability to infer the author's perspective based on the provided information.To successfully approach such multiple-choice questions, it is crucial to follow some strategies. Firstly, candidates should carefully read the passage, paying attention to the main ideas and supporting details. This will provide a solid foundation for answering the questions correctly. Secondly, candidates should eliminate options that are clearly incorrect, narrowing down the choices to increase the chances of selecting the right answer. Thirdly, candidates should rely on their comprehension of the passage rather than making assumptions or guessing. Finally, time management is key to successfully completing all the questions within the allocated time.In conclusion, the 2013 English exam question 1 assessed candidates' understanding of the impact of social networking sites on social interactions.By carefully reading the passage and applying effective strategies, candidates were able to accurately answer the multiple-choice questions. It is important for future candidates to practice similar question formats and enhance their reading comprehension skills.。
2013英语一第三篇
2013英语一第三篇The problem of the 2013 English exam question is that it requires a comprehensive and detailed response in English, with a minimum of 3000 characters and at least 6 paragraphs from multiple perspectives. This can be challenging for some test-takers, especially those who may struggle with expressing themselves in English or organizing their thoughts coherently. Additionally, the requirement to answer in English may be a barrier for those who are more proficient in another language. This could potentially disadvantage certain individuals and may not accurately assess their true abilities.From the perspective of a non-native English speaker, the requirement to answer in English may feel daunting and unfair. It may create a sense of anxiety and pressure, as the individual may feel less confident in their English language skills compared to their proficiency in their native language. This could lead to a lack of self-assurance and hinder their ability to effectively conveytheir knowledge and understanding of the topic at hand.Furthermore, from the perspective of a test-taker who struggles with organizing their thoughts coherently, the demand for a minimum of 3000 characters and at least 6 paragraphs may seem overwhelming. This requirement may lead to feelings of frustration and inadequacy, as theindividual may find it challenging to meet the specified criteria within the given time constraints. This could potentially result in a less comprehensive and articulate response, ultimately impacting the accuracy of the assessment.On the other hand, from the perspective of the examiners, the requirement for a detailed and extensive response in English may be seen as necessary to accurately evaluate the test-taker's language proficiency and critical thinking skills. The demand for a minimum of 3000 characters and multiple perspectives may be viewed as a way to assess the individual's ability to articulate and analyze complex ideas in English, which are valuable skills in academia and the professional world.However, it is important to consider the potential barriers that this requirement may pose for certain individuals. It is crucial to ensure that the assessment methods are fair and inclusive, taking into account the diverse linguistic and cognitive abilities of the test-takers. Alternative assessment strategies, such as providing the option to respond in multiple languages or offering additional support for organizing thoughts and expressing ideas, could help to mitigate these challenges and provide a more equitable evaluation of the test-taker's abilities. Ultimately, it is essential to strike a balance between rigorous evaluation and accessibility, in order to accurately assess the skills and knowledge of all individuals taking the exam.。
2013年考研英语一text3原文
2013年考研英语一text3原文1. 文章标题：2013年考研英语一text3原文阅读与解析2. 原文内容：(1) Cemeteries are fields of learning as well as places of grief. The ancestors of birds Ivery sparrow and tree swallows—were chased, in the 19th century, by collectors who filled museums with their skins.The lesson was widely learned, and sparrow numhers declined. But tree swallows increased wildly, from Alaska to Mexico.(2) Biologists are squeezing these facts for clues to restoring American landscapes. Conditions that were good f rom 1920 to 19^0 for the swallows (open land) and bad f rom 1970 to 1980 (less open land, disrupted by suburban house lots) offered sharp answers to the birds' questions: ''WIiich is the right landscape for r本人sing tree swallows/'' These birds, like salmon and hawks and sugar maples, navigate their thrilling yearly odysseys without any world map. They are born, and their untried br本人ns also need answers as sharply put as the landscape's. It will take politically controversial decisions to putback these landscapes.Since the mid-1970s, there has been a 50 percent decline in the acreage of Connecticut covered by three or more acres of open space.(3) Environmentalists talk abacit "reconnecting fragments,' building ersatz wetlands for lost ones, dikes, berms, elevated highways, underpasses. However, there have been only halting attempts to acquire what used to be called wildland, to intervene with a rip-roarins, edge of an oldfashioned mop.(4) To reintroduce the sparrow, we must reintroduce words. Today the popular w ord is •fragmentation, probably more powerful than •extinction. In Rockefeller Parkpreserve, land was wrested from developers, largely in order to protect trees. Trees, nOw, oust the tree swallows from the landscape,- hut from where else could the increase of swallows begin'l' It is a bitter, splendid,mon and essential enigma: To protect big little creatures we need both a poetry of spirit and a poetry of resource In the d本人ly life of the spirit, we are unconscious of important encounters Unlike animals, every waking hour is inessential.(5) To some, the physicist Kawoffski's philosophical assumptionpresses the whole story of particle physics, which is also flic whole story of immor tant territory protection. As Kaku and I from each other in every way, but philosophy, I can wrest from him on the lightness of a sparrow. Kaku's theory resolves coherence with the startling simplicity of discovery. Nonetheless, many make the silliest mistake of supposing that theory always resolves conflict with synthesis. We may never brill( flic LlW1 (ileged state of one ness of MIIotherNature.3. 解析：(1) 本段通过介绍鸟类的生存状况，指出了一些传统的“风景”（如开阔的土地）对于特定的鸟类来说是非常重要的。
考研2013大纲英语
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间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等； 间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等； 简
过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意 程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味
此外， 全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非 此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非 英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生 英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生 还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇， 以 还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以 及涉及个人好恶、 生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的 及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的 词汇。 Ⅰ 英 语 知 识 运 用 （10 分） / 该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言 词汇。
6） 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；6）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；
息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词 获取信息、理解文章、猜 阅读理解 A 节
的文字材料。题材包括经济、管 考生应能读懂不同题材 包括说明文、议论文和记叙文 等。 根据阅读材料，考生应能： 1)理解主旨要义； 2)理解文中的具体信息； 3)理解语篇的结构及上下文的 逻辑关系； 4) 根据上下文推断重要生词 或词组的含义； 5)进行一定的判断和推理； 6)理解作者的意图、观点或态 度。
语言技能：写作
考生应能根据所给的提纲， 情景 考生应能根据所给的提 文应中心思想明确，切中题意， 的短文写作。短文应中心 结构清晰， 条理清楚， 用词恰当，思想明确，切中题意，结 无明显语言错误。 择其中的一种形式。 构清晰，条理清楚，用词 该部分要求考生根据所 （标点符号不计算在 该部分题型有两种， 每次考试选 恰当，无明显语言错误。 1） 考生根据所给情景写出约 100 给情景写出约 100 词（标点符号不计算在内）的应 词 用性短文，包括私人和公务信 函、备忘录、报告等。 内）的应用性短文，包括 私人和公务信函、备忘
2013年英语一第三篇
2013年英语一第三篇It is widely acknowledged that the ability to communicate effectively in English is essential in today's globalized world. As a result, English language learning has become a crucial part of education in many countries. In this article, we will explore the importance of English language learningin 2013 and discuss the various ways in which it can be improved.To begin with, learning English is highly beneficial for individuals seeking to enhance their career prospects. Intoday's competitive job market, proficiency in English isoften a requirement for many positions. English is widelyused in international business, science, technology, and academia. Therefore, mastering English allows individuals to access a wider range of job opportunities and increases their chances of success in their chosen fields.Moreover, learning English opens the door to a treasure trove of knowledge and culture. The majority of scientific research and academic publications are written in English. By being proficient in English, individuals can access and contribute to the latest developments in various fields. Additionally, English literature and films provide a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of English-speaking countries. Through reading English literature and watching English movies, learners not only improve their language skills but also gain a deeper understanding of different cultures.Furthermore, English serves as a medium for global communication. In our interconnected world, English has become the lingua franca, enabling people from differentcountries to communicate and collaborate effectively. Whether it is through international conferences, business meetings, or online platforms, English enables individuals to connect with people from diverse backgrounds and share ideas and experiences. By mastering English, individuals can bridge cultural and geographical gaps, fostering understanding and promoting cooperation on a global scale.In order to improve English language learning, various strategies can be employed. Firstly, it is important to create an immersive language learning environment. This can be achieved through language exchange programs, where learners can interact with native English speakers and practice their language skills in authentic contexts. Immersion programs or study abroad experiences also provide learners with the opportunity to be fully immersed in an English-speaking environment, accelerating their language acquisition.Additionally, incorporating technology into language learning can be highly effective. Online platforms, such as language learning apps and websites, offer interactive exercises and language practice, enabling learners to study at their own pace. Virtual classrooms, language learning software, and multimedia resources also provide engaging and interactive learning experiences. With the advancement of technology, learners have access to a vast array of resources and tools that can facilitate their English language learning journey.Finally, effective language teaching methodologies should be employed. Teachers should adopt a communicative approach, focusing on real-life scenarios and practical language use. Providing opportunities for students to engage in meaningfuland authentic communication, both inside and outside the classroom, enhances their language skills and fosters their confidence in using English. Furthermore, integratinglanguage learning with other subjects, such as science or history, can make the learning experience more engaging and relevant.In conclusion, the importance of English languagelearning in 2013 cannot be overstated. Proficiency in English opens doors to better job opportunities, knowledge, andcross-cultural understanding. By creating immersive language learning environments, utilizing technology, and employing effective teaching methodologies, learners can improve their English language skills and reap the benefits that come with it. So, let us embrace the journey of English languagelearning and unlock new horizons in this interconnected world.。
英语一考研真题2013
英语一考研真题2013Introduction:In 2013, the English curriculum for graduate entrance exams underwent significant changes in order to better assess the candidates' language proficiency. This article aims to analyze the English language exam for the first subject area, commonly referred to as English One, in the 2013 graduate entrance exams.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section of the English One exam consisted of various audio clips, including dialogues and monologues. The candidates were required to answer questions based on the information provided in each clip. This section aimed to test the candidates' ability to understand spoken English and their comprehension skills.Section 2: Vocabulary and StructureThe vocabulary and structure section assessed the candidates' knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar. It included multiple-choice questions that tested the candidates' ability to choose the correct word or phrase to complete a sentence, as well as questions related to sentence structure and grammar rules.Section 3: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section evaluated the candidates' reading skills and understanding of English texts. It comprised multiple reading passages, each followed by a set of questions. The candidates had to answerthe questions by analyzing the main idea, locating specific information, and inferring implied meanings from the texts.Section 4: Cloze TestThe cloze test assessed the candidates' ability to comprehend a given passage and fill in the missing words. The passage contained gaps, and the candidates had to choose the most appropriate word from the given options to complete the passage. This section aimed to evaluate the candidates' understanding of context and their vocabulary skills.Section 5: TranslationThe translation section tested the candidates' ability to translate English sentences or short paragraphs into Chinese. It aimed to assess the candidates' language competency and their proficiency in translating between English and Chinese languages.Section 6: WritingIn the writing section, the candidates were required to write an essay or an article on a given topic. The topics varied from social issues to current affairs. This section aimed to evaluate the candidates' ability to express their ideas clearly and coherently in written English.Conclusion:The English One exam in the 2013 graduate entrance exams for English majors included various sections that tested different aspects of the candidates' language proficiency. From listening comprehension to writing, each section aimed to assess the candidates' abilities in different areas of theEnglish language. It served as a reliable means to evaluate the candidates' English language skills and preparedness for further academic studies in English.。
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英语(一)考试大纲
(非英语专业)(2013年版)
I. 考试性质
英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II. 考试形式和试卷结构
(一)考试形式
考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
(二)试卷结构
试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用
该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解
该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1 600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：
1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2)在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。
要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
C节(5小题)*：主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
第三部分写作
该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。
共30分。
A节：
考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共10分。
B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。
提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共20分。
*硕士研究生入学考试将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分，其目的是测试考生根据上下文准确理解概念或复杂结构并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试卷结构表
III. 考查内容
考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：
(一)语言知识
1. 语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2. 词汇
考生应能掌握5 500左右的词汇以及相关词组(详见附录)。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。
这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
(二)语言技能*
1. 阅读
考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所读材料，考生应能：
1)理解主旨要义;
2)理解文中的具体信息;
3)理解文中的概念性含义;
4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;
5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;
6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;
7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;
8)区分论点和论据。
2. 写作
考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。
写作时，考生应能：
1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当;
2) 遵循文章的特定文体格式;
3) 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯;
4) 根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域*。
*考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。
但是由于听力能力和口语能力的考查在复试中进行，因此这里只列出读和写两种技能。
*指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语。