2014年考研英语(一)大纲
2014考研英语一真题
2014考研英语一真题The 2014 English Graduate Entrance Exam (考研英语一) was a challenging test that required candidates to showcase their language proficiency and critical thinking skills. This article will analyze the exam questions and discuss strategies for success.Section I: Translation (翻译)In this section, candidates were required to translate a Chinese passage into English. The passage discussed the importance of lifelong learning in an ever-changing society. The key to success in this section was to accurately convey the meaning of the original text while maintaining proper sentence structure and grammar in English.Section II: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)This section consisted of multiple reading passages with accompanying questions. Candidates needed to carefully read each passage and select the best answer based on their understanding of the text. The questions tested various skills such as inference, vocabulary, and main idea identification. To excel in this section, test-takers needed to develop efficient reading strategies, such as skimming and scanning, to quickly locate relevant information.Section III: Use of English (语法填空)The Use of English section assessed candidates' grammar and vocabulary knowledge. Test-takers were presented with a passage containing several gaps, and they needed to choose the appropriate word or phrase tofill in each blank. This required a solid understanding of English grammar rules and word usage. To excel in this section, candidates needed to consistently review grammar concepts and expand their vocabulary.Section IV: Writing (写作)In the writing section, candidates were asked to write an essay on the topic of "The Impact of Social Media on Society." This topic challenged test-takers to critically analyze the positive and negative effects of social media on various aspects of society, such as communication, privacy, and social interactions. To meet the demands of this task, candidates needed to structure their essays coherently with a clear introduction, well-developed body paragraphs, and a concise conclusion.Section V: Listening Comprehension (听力理解)The listening comprehension section tested candidates' ability to understand English spoken at a native-like pace. Test-takers listened to a series of audio recordings and answered corresponding questions. This section assessed listening skills such as understanding main ideas, specific details, and logical connections. To excel in this section, candidates needed to consistently practice listening to a variety of English materials and improve their ability to understand spoken English in different contexts.ConclusionThe 2014 English Graduate Entrance Exam challenged candidates to demonstrate their language proficiency across various skills: translation, reading comprehension, grammar, writing, and listening comprehension. To succeed in this exam, candidates needed to develop a solid foundation inEnglish grammar and vocabulary and improve their reading and listening skills. Adequate practice and exposure to various English resources were essential. With dedication and perseverance, candidates could overcome the challenges of the exam and achieve their desired scores.。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及参考答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old ban d we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neurosc ientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n)20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where2.[A]improves [B]when[B]fades[C]that[C]recovers[D]why[D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection Ⅱ：Reading ComprehensionPart A ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency," George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those fi rst few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in you r heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in theEU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to .[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means .[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance[C]to register for an allowance from the government[D]to attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel .[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been tooconservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to .[A]the growing demand from clients[B]the increasing pressure of inflation[C]the prospect of working in big firms[D]the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from .[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" partly because it .[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses .[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal educationText 3The U.S. $3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards forresearchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as .[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C]an example of bankers’ investments[D]a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit .[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves .[A]controversies over the recipients’ status[B]the joint effort of modern researchers[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D]the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the new awards are .[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant37.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .[A]retain people’s interest in liberal education[B]define the government’s role in education[C]keep a leading position in liberal education[D]safeguard individuals’ rights to education38.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests .[A]an exclusive study of American history[B]a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C]the application of emerging technologies[D]funding for the study of foreign languages39.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are .[A]supportive of free markets[B]cautious about intellectual investigation[C]conservative about public policy[D]biased against classical liberal ideas40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"[B]Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"[C]The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D]Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart B……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon inAthens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]I n another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent yearssystematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornateceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothingvisible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchersworking around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E]To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and avariety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to lookfor them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G]Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.Part C………………………………………………………………………………………………Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical, but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for th e performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section ⅢWritingPart A……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51.Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how toimprove students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B………………………………………………………………………………………………..52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)interpret its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1-5: A-B-D-C-A6-10: A-C-B-D-C11-15: D-A-B-A-D16-20: B-D-C-C-BSection II: ReadingComprehension (60points) Part A (40points)21-25: B-C-D-A-D26-30: D-C-B-A-C31-35: D-B-B-A-A36-40: A-C-C-D-BPart B (10 points)41-45: C-F-G-D-BPart C (10 points)46.这也就是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。
第一时间解析2014考研英语大纲-----翻译(英语二)
第一时间解析2014考研英语大纲-----翻译（英语二）2014年考研英语大纲（英语一和英语二）于今日（9月13日）正式发布。
纵观新大纲，没有增减题型等巨大变化，保持了13年的稳定趋势。
尽管考试的内容没有重大变革，但是英语作为考研过程中最难啃的“硬骨头”，现阶段详细了解、分析最新大纲还是十分必要的。
英语二的翻译部分，也是在英语一和英语二这两张试卷中，区别最大的题型。
英语二大纲规定，英语二的翻译部分主要“考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
”这不同于英语一大纲中的“主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力”，教育学考研辅导英语二的英译汉部分并没有突出强调翻译部分的难度，而只是考查将一般难度的英语语言材料转换成汉语的能力，与英语一专门挑出五个长难句来考相比，难度是有所降低的。
备考2014考研的考生在复习英语二翻译部分的时候，要注意，这些段落的句子一般来说平均长度大概在15词左右，句式结构复杂程度相较英语一的长难句是有所降低的，所以在选择练习材料的时候不宜直接拿英语一的真题模拟题来练习，因为难度有区别，可选择英语二真题或者历年MBA的联考试题。
另需特别注意句子之间的逻辑衔接、代词呼应问题，因为是段落整体翻译，上下文衔接就显得尤为重要，在现阶段的练习过程中就要尤其注意这个问题。
段落译文要保持整体的连贯性、一致性，考虑到段落翻译的整体的特殊性，在翻译成中文的同时，要考虑教育学考研辅导上下文的通顺以及一致性。
在具体语法点的考察上，英语二的翻译考察的比较多的就是定语从句，代词指代，被动语态，专有名词，一词多义，熟词生意等比较常见的点，在平时练习可针对此类语法点进行训练海文钻石卡价格，并且在单词记忆的时候要加深对单词的全面了解，这不仅对翻译有好处，对考研英语二的其他题型也是有帮助的。
总的来说，2014考研英语的大纲还是基本维持了原貌，希望同学们能够以平和从容的心态面对考研英语翻译以及所有考试的复习，认真备考，在明年1月份的考试中取得佳绩！。
2014年考研大纲之英语(一)考试大纲综述
广大2014届的考生怀着期盼与忐忑不安的心情，终于等来了《2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲》的问世。
跨考教育为大家全面解析2014年考研英语的各个具体题型的总体要求：完形填空完形填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查，这是对完形填空的定位。
透过大纲可以看出对完形填空考核的重点：语法、固定搭配、近义词辨析和逻辑关系。
考生可从历年真题中按照这几大重点去准备和复习有关考研完形填空方面的知识点，这样可以做到事半功倍的效果。
同时考虑到完形填空在历年考研中得分较低，考生解答完形填空题时，要多从上下文的角度来考虑，并运用逻辑推理，大到对文章整体，小到对句子之间和句子内部综合把握。
此外，要多从惯用法和搭配的角度来考虑问题，平时考试就要对惯用法和搭配多多积累。
阅读理解就阅读理解(PartA)而言，由于这是一个大家非常熟悉的题型，也连着考了十几年，命题专家都有丰富的经验来应对它，因此每次考试最稳定的就是四选一的阅读理解题。
就文章题材来说，近几年越来越重视对人文科学的考查，平时要多注重阅读一些英美经济文化科技方面的报刊书籍，例如The Economist (经济学家)，Newsweek (新闻周刊)，Time (时代周刊)以及The Times (泰晤士报)上面的文章。
在寻找材料时，要有选择，比如说不要涉及政治方面及时事方面比较敏感的话题，如种族歧视、宗教信仰、战争评论等。
关于阅读理解文章来源，根据2014大纲，文章来源依旧是英语国家原版报刊或书籍，绝大多数是评论性的文章(即除文学作品以外的其他类型的短文)。
由于新闻记者惯用“引用”的方法，考研的文章经常喜欢正反交替举例，先说作者认同的，然后又是作者要批评的、揭露的，再是用实例来论证作者的观点。
这种语篇思维模式会给考生在阅读理解中造成很大的障碍。
正因为难，考研命题专家就非常青睐这类语篇，来命题目。
2014年考研英语(一)阅读理解部分大纲深度分析
根据《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲解析》（2014年版），考研英语阅读题型没有任何变化。
阅读对于考生来说，几乎直接决定考试成败，也是历年考试的难点。
下面跨考教育英语教研室张老师就给大家对大纲要求做一个深度分析，并提出相关的复习建议。
一、大纲要求及对应题型根据2014年考研英语大纲：大纲要求考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等。
具体内容及对应的题型如下：1) 理解主旨要义——→主旨大意题2) 理解文中的具体信息——→事实细节题3) 理解文中的概念性含义——→推理判断题4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申——→推理判断题5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义——→词汇短语题6) 理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系——→推理判断题7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度——→观点态度题8) 区分论点和论据——→主旨大意题当然，以上分类只是一个粗线划分，不排除很多题型兼而有之，如有些细节题离不开推断，主旨题也需要对细节的兼顾等。
二、命题总体原则（一）文章总体分析从文章题材方面看，内容涉及经济、政治、医学、社会学、科学方法论、社会、环境、人口、科普，以及其他社会热点问题，偏向社会和人文科学，也有自然科学类文章。
题材主要突现当年或前一年的社会热点问题，尤其主要是西方国家如美、英、加和日本等发达国家广泛关注的社会话题和热点问题。
但对考生来说，一般是大家比较熟悉的、带有普及性的社会生活类、科普类以及商业经济类的文章。
从试题结构看，阅读A部分文章自2002年开始从五篇文章改为四篇，每篇由4~6个段落构成（偶尔有例外情况）。
每篇文章由400~500个单词构成（因为，考纲对四篇文章的总词汇量要求在1600个左右，而实际情况是，每篇文章词汇量低于400则篇幅较小，词汇量高于500则篇幅过大，这就决定了每篇文章词汇量分布比较均匀，实际词汇量一般在1700~1800之间）。
2014年考研英语一真题讲解
2014年考研英语一真题Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is meta physical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers ofnot interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.参考译文（王剑）原文：It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.译文表达出自己对它的感受，却无法把握音乐本身。
太奇考研：2014考研英语(一)新旧大纲变化对比
太奇考研网 /
单纯的语法知识学 说、读、写的实 习，以求考生在交 践代替单纯的 际中能更准确、自 语法知识学习， 如地运用语法知 识。 以求考生在交 际中能更准确、 自如地运用语 法知识。 该部分不仅考 该部分不仅考查考 查考生对不同 生对不同语境中规 语境中规范的 范的语言要素（包 语言要素（包括 括词汇、表达方式 词汇、表达方式 和结构）的掌握程 和结构）的掌握 度，而且还考查考 程度，而且还考 生对语段特征（如 查考生对语段 连贯性和一致性 特征（如连贯性 等） 的辨识能力等。 和一致性等）的 共 20 小题， 每小题 辨识能力等。共 英语知识 0.5 分，共 10 分。 20 小题， 每小题 运用 0.5 分， 10 分。 共 在一篇 240~280 词的文章 在一篇 240~280 中留出 20 个空白， 词的文章中留 要求考生从每题给 出 20 个空白， 出的 4 个选项中选 要求考生从每 出最佳答案，使补 题给出的 4 个选 全后的文章意思通 项中选出最佳 顺、前后连贯、结 答案，使补全后 构完整。考生在答 的文章意思通 题卡 1 上作答。 顺、前后连贯、 太奇考研网 / 本，认真准备和复习有关考研英语知识运用方面 的知识点，这样可以收到事半功倍的效果。 化 试大纲为指导方针，以历年真题为具体的参照样 没有变 义词辨析和逻辑关系等，希望广大考生能够以考 运用部分考核的重点：语法结构、固定搭配、近 今年的考试大纲仍旧很明确的能分别放 中，各段落的原有 进文章中 5 个空 顺序已被打乱。要 白处的 5 段。 求考生根据文章的 2）在一篇长度 内容和结构将所列 约 500~600 词的 太奇考研网 /
太奇考研网 /
段落（7~8 个）重 文章中，各段落 新排序， 其中有 2~3 的原有顺序已 个段落在文章中的 被打乱。要求考 位置已经给出。 3）在一篇长度约 500 词的文章前或 生根据文章的 内容和结构将 所列段落（7~8
2014年普通高等学校招生统一考试 大纲英语
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（大纲卷）英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）见江苏卷第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中.选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. --- I’m sorry for breaking the cup.--- Oh, ____ --I’ve got plenty.A. forget itB. my pleasureC. help yourselfD. pardon me22. Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.A. was foundB. findsC. is foundD. found23. Toady there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. to be carrying24. Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. how25. --- Who’s that at the door?--- _____ is the milkman.A. HeB. ItC. ThisD. That26. _____ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A. Not do onlyB. Do not onlyC. Only not doD. Not only do27. Raymond’s parents wanted him to have ______ possible education.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. the best28. I think Mrs. Stark could be ______ between 50 and 60 years of age.A. anywhereB. anybodyC. anyhowD. anything29. September 30 is the day ______ which you must pay your bill.A. byB. forC. withD. in30. Although you _____ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.A. shouldB. needC. mustD. can31. Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she _____ it with hard work.A. goes back onB. takes away fromC. makes up forD. catches up with32. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since.A. seesB. sawC. has seenD. had seen33. _____ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.A. CallingB. CallC. To callD. Having called34. Henry was away from home for quiet a bit and _____ saw his family.A. frequentlyB. seldomC. alwaysD. usually35. --- What did you do last weekend?--- Nothing _____.A. muchB. elseC. everD. yet第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文.从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B. C和D )中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项小涂黑。
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2014年考研英语（一）大纲2014考研英语（一）大纲I. 考试性质考研英语（一）考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II. 考试形式和试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2.考生应将1〜45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46〜52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）试卷结构试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
共20 小题，每小题0.5 分，共10 分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20 个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4 个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1 上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C 三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2 分，共60 分。
A 节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4 篇（总长度约为1 600 词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4 个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1 上作答。
B 节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3 种备选题型。
每次考试从这3 种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1 上作答。
备选题型有：1 ）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5 段空白，文章后有6~7 段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7 段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5 个空白处的5 段。
2 ）在一篇长度约500~600 词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8 个）重新排序，其中有2~3 个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
3 ）在一篇长度约500 词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7 个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。
要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7 个选项中选出最恰当的5 段文字或5 个标题填入文章的空白处。
C 节（5 小题）* ：主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400 词的文章，并将其中5 个画线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
第三部分写作该部分由A B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。
共30分。
A节：考生根据所给情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共10分。
B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。
提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共20分。
*硕士研究生入学考试将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分，其目的是测试考生根据上下文准确理解概念或复杂结构并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试卷结构表III. 考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2. 词汇考生应能掌握5 500左右的词汇以及相关词组（详见附录）。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。
这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
（二）语言技能*1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所读材料，考生应能：1 ）理解主旨要义；2 ）理解文中的具体信息；3 ）理解文中的概念性含义；4 ）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5 ）根据上下文推测生词的词义；6 ）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；7 ）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8 ）区分论点和论据。
2. 写作考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。
写作时，考生应能：1 ）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2 ）遵循文章的特定文体格式；3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4 ）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域*.* 考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。
但是由于听力能力和口语能力的考查在复试中进行，因此这里只列出读和写两种技能。
*指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语。
2014考研英语一大纲解析综述依据教育部考试中心在2013年9月13 日颁布的新大纲-《2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲》，与去年的考纲相比，今年的考纲未进行任何调整和变化。
而在去年的考纲中有以下两个变化：第一，删减了42个英语词汇，同时新增了59个词汇；第二，去年考研英语大纲在应用文写作部分删除了摘要写作。
今年的新大纲中也继续保持了去年大纲中的这两点变化。
万学。
海文现与2013年考研英语（二）大纲对比，对2014年考研英语的考查要求和试卷结构进行全面分析。
从语言知识来看，新大纲中，对词汇的掌握和去年大纲要求完全一致，”考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
" 这种具体要求主要体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词汇基本知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系）；词汇"背景"（词源、词根、词干、词缀）。
提出这样的具体要求，就是提醒考生避免单词的死记硬背，要活学活用。
各位考生完全可以继续按照既定的复习思路备考，但是要特别注意英语作为一门语言，运用是考查的最终目的。
再者，提示广大考生，在去年考纲中新增的59 个单词，在今年的新考纲中依然出现，这59 个单词一定是复习2014 考研英语的重点。
就语言技能而言，与2013 年大纲相比，2014 年大纲依然突出阅读和写作的重要性，关于阅读，强调" 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%）" ；关于写作，则强调考生" 应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章（实际就是应用文和图画作文）" ，同时明确了阅读和写作的考查能力要求。
总的来说，上述语言知识和语言技能仍然是研究生入学英语考试的主要测评目标。
对比往年考点，接下来根据新大纲，万学。
海文为广大学子全面解析2014 年考研英语的各个题型的总体要求：完形填空完形填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查，这是对完形填空的定位。
透过大纲可以看出对完形填空考核的重点：语法、固定搭配、近义词辨析和逻辑关系。
考生可从历年真题中按照这几大重点去准备和复习有关考研完形填空方面的知识点，这样可以做到事半功倍的效果。
同时考虑到完形填空在历年考研中得分较低，考生解答完形填空题时，要多从上下文的角度来考虑，并运用逻辑推理，大到对文章整体，小到对句子之间和句子内部综合把握。
此外，要多从惯用法和搭配的角度来考虑问题，平时考试就要对惯用法和搭配多多积累。
阅读理解就阅读理解（PartA ）而言，由于这是一个大家非常熟悉的题型，也连着考了十几年，命题专家都有丰富的经验来应对它，因此每次考试最稳定的就是四选一的阅读理解题。
就文章题材来说，近几年越来越重视对人文科学的考查，平时要多注重阅读一些英美经济文化科技方面的报刊书籍，例如TheEconomist （经济学家），Newsweek（新闻周刊），Time （时代周刊）以及TheTimes （泰晤士报）上面的文章。
在寻找材料时，要有选择，比如说不要涉及政治方面及时事方面比较敏感的话题，如种族歧视、宗教信仰、战争评论等。
关于阅读理解文章来源，根据2014 大纲，文章来源依旧是英语国家原版报刊或书籍，绝大多数是评论性的文章（即除文学作品以外的其他类型的短文）。
由于新闻记者惯用"引用" 的方法，考研的文章经常喜欢正反交替举例，先说作者认同的，然后又是作者要批评的、揭露的，再是用实例来论证作者的观点。
这种语篇思维模式会给考生在阅读理解中造成很大的障碍。
正因为难，考研命题专家就非常青睐这类语篇，来命题目。
近两年，这种题目每次都有，而且得分率也很低，因此需要大家平时阅读时要多注重对于作者观点、立足点、态度语气的把握。
最后从语言难度来看，秉承历年考研英语阅读理解的特点，2014 年的阅读难度依旧，文章容易，选项" 刁". 生词依然存在，但其比例仍然维持在3%左右。
命题的风格、诱惑手段和解题思路也会和去年一致。
新题型该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。
05、06 年考查的是难度相对较大的第一种完形填句（段）题，而07 年则选择了难度相对较低的第三种——选择小标题。