样卷2答案
概率论与数理统计(II)期末考试样卷2参考答案
命题人或命题小组负责人签名： 教研室（系）主任签名： 分院（部）领导签名：概率论与数理统计（II ）期末考试样卷2参考答案注意：所有数据结果保留小数点后两位，本试卷可能用的数据如下：20.9750.9750.02520.9750.9750.95(1.5)0.933, 1.96,(24) 2.064,(2.10)0.98,(24)12.40,(24)39.36,(10) 2.23,(2,21) 3.47,U t t F χχΦ===Φ=====一、填空题( 每小题3分，共24分)1． 在总体~(5,16)X N 中随机地抽取一个容量为36的样本，则样本均值x 落在4与6之间的概率为 0.87 .2. 设1234,,,X X X X 是取自正态总体~(0,4)X N 的简单随机样本且()()221234234Y a X X b X X =-+-，则a = 0.05 ，b = 0.01 时，统计量Y 服从2χ分布。
3．设161,,x x 是来自(8,4)N 的样本，则(1)(5)P x >= 16(0.933) . 4．设1,,n X X 为来自(0,)(0)U θθ>的一个样本，11,ni ni X X ==∑则未知参数θ的矩估计量是 2X ，最大似然估计是 1max(,,)n X X .5．设总体分布为()P λ，则其费希尔信息量为 1λ .6．设1,,n X X 为来自2(,)N μσ的一个样本，欲使1ˆni i c X X σ==-∑为σ的无偏估计，则常数 c 7．由来自正态总体2~(,0.9),X N μ容量为9的简单随机样本，若得到样本均值0.5X =，则未知参数μ的置信度为0.95的置信区间为 [-0.088,1.088] 。
8．设1,,n X X 为来自2(,)N μσ的一个样本,22111()ni n i S X X -==-∑,其中参数2,μσ未知，要检验假设2200:H σσ=应用 2χ 检验法，检验的统计量是2201n S σ-（） 。
考研英语二样卷附答案解析
考研英语（二）样题Section I Use of EnglishDirection:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes 1 different nations compete against each other in a 2 of sports. ②There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.①In order to 3 the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ②After all proposals have been 4 , the IOC votes. ③If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues, with 5 rounds, until a majority winner is determined. ④Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, 6 the winning city time to prepare for the Games.⑤In selecting the 7 of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to8 the Games effectively.①The IOC also 9 which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.②10 , Tokyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, Mexico, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen 11 to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America.①12 the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into 13 the host city’s time zone.②14 the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay 15 higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events 16 , in prime viewing hours.①17 the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. ②This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television 18 and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. ③In many 19 there is also direct government support.①Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially 20. ②When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.1. [A]in [B]for [C]of [D]from2. [A]lot [B]number [C]variety [D]series3. [A]host [B]take [C]run [D]organize4. [A]supported [B]submitted [C]substituted [D]subordinated5. [A]suggestive [B]successful [C]successive [D]succeeding6. [A]letting [B]setting [C]permitting [D]allowing7. [A]site [B]spot [C]location [D]place8. [A]state [B]stage [C]start [D]sponsor9. [A]thinks [B]reckons [C]considers [D]calculates10. [A]For instance [B]As a result [C]In brief [D]On the whole11. [A]in time [B]in part [C]in case [D]in common12. [A]Since [B]Because [C]As for [D]Because of13. [A]amount [B]account [C]accord [D]acclaim14. [A]However [B]Whatever [C]Whenever [D]Wherever15. [A]greatly [B]handsomely [C]meaningfully [D]significantly16. [A]live [B]living [C]alive [D]lively17. [A]Until [B]Unless [C]Whether [D]Once18. [A]incomes [B]interests [C]revenues [D]returns19. [A]cases [B]conditions [C]chances [D]circumstances20. [A]safe [B]risky [C]tempting [D]feasibleSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1①Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. ②Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. ③Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power.④“My whole motto was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’,” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the bus iness side.”①Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net.②This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some ＄10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. ③These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. ④In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. ⑤The Troc-Services exchange in France offers more than4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.①This is not a primitive barter system.②By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of Barter News, calls “the double coincidence of wants.”③That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. ④Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.①Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. ②For example, advertising is “hugely bartered” because many media, particularly on the Web, can supply new ad spaceat little cost. ③Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.①Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade” trading partners for honesty, quality and so on.②Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades.③Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. ④Two small planes will deliver the goods. ⑤QL2 director GaciiWaciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” ⑥For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.21. The word “techies” (Para. 1) probably refers to those who are ___________.[A] afraid of technology[B] skilled in technology[C] ignorant of technology[D] incompetent in technology22. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___________.[A] were impressed by his creativity[B] were eager to identify with his motto[C] liked his goal announced in advance[D] hoped to prove the power of the Internet23. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___________.[A] the size of barter sites[B] the use of virtual currency[C] the quality of goods or services[D] the location of trading companies24. It is implied that Internet advertisements can help ___________.[A] companies make more profit[B] companies do formal exchanges[C] media register in statistics[D] media grade barter sites25. Which of the following is true of QL2 according to the author?[A] It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.[B] It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.[C] It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.[D] It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.①Internet commerce did not exist at the beginning of this decade, but now it is a supercharged engine driving the world economy. ②Industries are redesigning themselves around new methods of doing things. ③Survivors will be those that successfully adapt their processes in the New Economy, according to Robert D. Atkinson and Randolph H. Court. ④“Three main foundations will underpin strong and widely shared economic growth in the New Economy: (1) development of a ubiquitous digital economy, (2) increased research and innovation, and (3) improved skills and knowledge of the work force,” write Atkinson and Court.①The total . Internet economy more than doubled in just one year, from ＄billion in 1996 to nearly＄39 billion in 1997. ②By 2001, the Internet economy will soar to ＄350 billion, with business-to-business activity leading the way. ③Another sign of the growth of the digital economy is the mushrooming of Internet hosts, which are nearly doubling in the United States every year. ④More households, businesses, and schools are on the Net, too.⑤The only laggard in the digital revolution is government: Local, state, and federal governments combined spent % more each year on computers between 1986 and 1996, while business spent 22% more a year in the same period.①Venture capitalists are pouring money into the development of growing companies, often becoming involved as board members and advisers, and helping startups refine business plans.①“It’s important to keep an eye on the straight dollar amount of venture capital in the econom y, but it’s just as important to remember the exponential ripple effect of the cash,” note Atkinson and Court. ②“Many of the gazelles of the New Economy are venture-backed companies, and they are having a profound impact—employment in venture-backed companies increased 34% annually between 1991 and 1995 while employment in Fortune 500 companies declined %. ③Moreover, venture-capital-backed firms are more technologically innovative than other firms.”①The numbers of engineers and scientists are growing; jobs requiring science and engineering expertise will grow three times faster than other occupations between 1994 and 2005. ②Without adequately prepared homegrown workers to fill these jobs, and with decreased corporate spending on training programs, the demand for engineers and scientists will increasingly be met by immigrants. ③Already, almost one-fourth of engineers in the . who earned in the last five years are foreign born.①Atkinson and Court conclude: “The New Economy puts a premium on what Nobel laureate economist Douglas North calls ‘adaptive efficiency’ —the ability of institutions to innovate, continuously learn, and productively change…②If we are to ask workers to take the risks inherent in embracing the New Economy, we must equip them with the tools to allow them to prosper and cope with change and uncertainty.③If we fail to invest in a knowledge infrastructure—world-class education, training, science, and technology—our enterprises will not have the skilled workers and cutting-edge tools they need to grow and create well-paying jobs.”26. We learn from the text that ________ seems to be more important for a person tosurvive the New Economy.[A] adaptability[B] diligence[C] intelligence[D] modesty27. In the second paragraph, the author mainly concentrates on the ___________.[A] tendency of American economy[B] contribution American households have made to the economy[C] low efficiency of the government[D] progress toward digital transformation28. The venture-capital-backed firms are more successful because they ___________.[A] have invested in innovation[B] are good at stock exchanges[C] have abundant funds[D] have increased employment29. The fact that “almost one-fourth of engineers in America who earned are foreign born”implies that ___________.[A] the majority of American people are not interested in getting .[B] foreign students are more eager to get .[C] the American education has lagged behind in the New Economy[D] American students are not as clever as foreign students30. A suitable title for this text might be ___________.[A] How to Develop US Economy[B] The Relation between American Industry and New Economy[C] Digital Engine Powers New Economy[D] Our New Policy on EconomyText 3①When Thomas Keller, one of America’s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with a European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. ②These three groups are all committed to tipping—as they quickly made clear on Web sites. ③To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French.①But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it’s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.①Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. ②“Waiters know that they won’t get paid if they don’t do a good job” is how most advocates of the system would put it. ③To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.①Michael Lynn, an associate professor of con sumer behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumer’s assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.①Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not whenthe service is good. ②Mr. Lynn’s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.①What’s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip i ncreases as the bill increases. ②Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upselling”: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extramoney in the server’s pocket. ③Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded whilelow-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.①In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. ②In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. ③Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.31. It may be inferred that a European-style service___________.[A] is tipping-free[B] charges little tip[C] is the author’s initiative[D] is offered at Per Se32. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?[A] Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.[B] Waiters don’t care about tipping.[C] Customers generally believe in tipping.[D] Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.33. According to Michael Lynn’s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they___________.[A] have performed good service[B] frequently refill customer’s water glass[C] win customer’s favor[D] serve customers of the same sex34. We may infer from the context that “upselling” (Para. 6) probably means __________.[A] selling something up[B] selling something fancy[C] selling something unnecessary[D] selling something more expensive35. This text mainly discusses ___________.[A] reasons to abolish the practice of tipping[B] economic sense of tipping[C] consumers’ attitudes towards tipping[D] tipping for good serviceText 4①Henric Ibsen, author of the play “A Doll’s House”, in which a pretty, he lpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. ②From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. ③Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. ④But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government’s liking. ⑤They will shortly receive a letter informingthem that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences—which could include being dissolved.①Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. ②The number has since jumped to 36%.③That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America’s 15% for the Fortune 500. ④Norway’s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. ⑤“I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,” says SverreMunck, head of international operations at a media firm.⑥“Board members of public companies should be chose n solely on the basis of merit and experience,” he says. ⑦Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.①Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. ②Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. ③Because of this, some of thebest women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the “golden skirts”. ④One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies—they occupy around 15%of senior positions. ⑤It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience.①Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managersto account. ②Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. ③“Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,” says Ms RekstenSkaugen, who was voted Norway’s chairman of the year for 2007, “and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers.”36. The auth or mentions Ibsen’s play in the first paragraph in order to ___________.[A] depict women’s dilemma at work[B] explain the newly passed law[C] support Norwegian government[D] introduce the topic under discussion37. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to ___________.[A] pay a heavy fine[B] close down its business[C] change to a private business[D] sign a document promising to act38. To which of the following is SverreMunck most likely to agree?[A] A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.[B] A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.[C] A common principle should be followed by all companies.[D] An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.39. The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts” to ___________.[A] the small number of qualified females in management[B] the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies[C] the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions[D] the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles40. The main idea of the text might be___________.[A] female power and liberation in Norway[B] the significance of Henric Ibsen’s play[C] women’s status in Norwegian firms[D] the constitution of board members in NorwayPart BSample 1Directions：Read the following text and choose the best answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①The World economy has run into a brick wall. ②Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. ③The result is a global food crisis. ④Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years, and oil prices have more than tripled since the start of 2004.⑤These food-price increases combined with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places in Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso.⑥Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we’ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.①The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. ②The first is the chronically low productivity of farmers in the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. ③The second is the misguided policy in the . and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol. ④The third is climate change; take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. ⑤The forth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains brought on by swelling populations and incomes. ⑥In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking the hardest blow.①So, what should be done? ②Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster. ③The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds. ④Malawi’s harvest doubled after just one year. ⑤An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere＄10 per person annually in the rich world, or ＄10 billion in all. ⑥Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria is controlling those diseases.①Second, the . and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels. ②The . government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert corn from the food and feed-grain supply.③There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods — tree crops (like palm oil), grasses and wood products —but there’s no case for doling out subsidies to put the world’s dinner into the gas tank. ④Third, we urgen tly need to weatherproof the world’s crops assoon and as effectively as possible. ⑤For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond – which collects rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell –can make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. ⑥The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.Sample 2Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle form the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subtitle which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)[A] Follow on Lines[B] Whisper: Keep It to Yourself[C] Word of Experience: Stick to It[D] Code of Success: Freed and Targeted[E] Efficient Work to Promote Efficient Workers[F] Recipe: Simplicity Means Everything[G] Efficiency Comes from Order①Every decade has its defining self-help business book.②In the 1940s it was How to Win Friends and Influence People, in the 1990s The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People.③These days we’re worried about something much simpler: Getting Things Done.①That’s the title of productivity guru David Allen’s pithy 2001 treatise on working efficiently, which continues to resonate in this decade’s overworked, overwhelmed, overteched workplace. ②Allen hasn’t just sold 500,000 copies of his book. ③He has preached his message of focus, discipline and creativity everywhere from Sony and Novartis to the World Bank and the . Air Force. ④He counsels swamped chief executives on coping with information overload. ⑤He ministers to some clients with an intensive, two-day, $6,000 private session in which he and his team organize their lives from top to bottom. ⑥And he has won the devotion of acolytes who document on their blogs how his Getting Things Done (GTD) program has changed their lives.①Allen admits that much of his basic recipe is common sense. ②Free your mind, and productivity will follow. ③Break down projects and goals into discrete, definable actions, and you won’t be bothered by all those loose threads p ulling at your attention. ④First make decisions about what needs to get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it. ⑤If you’ve cataloged everything you have to do and all your long-term goals, Allen says, you’re less likely to wake up at 3 . worrying about whether you’ve forgotten something: “ Most people haven’t realized how out of control their head is when they get 300 e-mails a day and each of them has potential meaning.”①When e-mails, phone calls and to-do lists are truly under control, Allen says, the real change begins. ②You will finally be able to use your mind to dream up great ideas and enjoy your life rather than just occupy it with all the things you’ve got to do. ③Allen himself, despite running a $ million consulting practice, traveling 200 days a year and juggling a business that’s growing 40% every year, finds time to joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpt bonsai plants. ④Oh, and he has earned his black belt in karate.①Few companies have embraced Allen’s philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills, the Minnesota-based maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms. ②Allen began at the company with a couple of private coaching sessions for top executives, who raved about his guidance.③Allen and his staff now hold six to eight two-day training sessions a year. ④The company has already put more than 2,000 employees through GTD training and plans to expand it company-wide. ⑤“Fads come and go,” says Kevin Wilde, General Mills’ CEO, “but this continues to work.”①The most fevered followers of Allen’s organizational methodology gather online. ②Websites like gtdindex. marvelz. com parse Allen’s every utterance. ③The 43Folders blog ran an eight-part pod-cast interview with him. ④GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on whatsthenextaction. com gather best practice techn iques for implementing the book’s ideas.⑤More than 60 software tools have been built specifically to supplement Allen’s system.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)There are different types of Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce sites that work in various ways and are broken into two major groups: the verticals and horizontals. Verticals are Business-to-Business (B2B) sites designed specifically to meet the needs of a particular industry, such as retail. Vertical sites are the most likely to contain community features like industry news, articles, and discussion groups. Horizontals provide products, goods, materials, or services that are not specific to a particular industry or company. Horizontals that retailers could use might provide travel, transportation services, office equipment, or maintenance and operating supplies.Horizontals and verticals can connect buyers and sellers together directly or act as intermediaries who facilitate transactions. There isn’t one model that appears everywhere for Business-to Business e-commerce. Business-to Business (B2B) sites vary from those providing simple lead generation, to complex marketplaces serving a variety of buyers and sellers, to private extranets. Auctions allow multiple buyers to bid competitively for products from individual suppliers.Auctions can be used to get rid of surplus inventory by item or lot, or excess fixed assets like display fixtures.Section IV WritingPart A:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1)make an apology, and2)suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B:Write an essay based on the following table, in which you should1)describe the table and2)state your opinions drawn from it.You should write about 150 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points).答案及解析Section I Use of English1.[试题考点]语意关系+介词辨析。
公路勘测技术试题二
《公路勘测技术》试题样卷(二）班级学号姓名一、填空（每小格2分，共20分）1．公路路线设计的总原则是满足行车、、舒适和美观的要求。
2．纵断面线型的布置包括的控制，和的决定。
3．越岭线的布局主要是解决：选择、确定和拟定垭口两侧。
4．中间带由及两条左侧组成。
5．越岭线展线方式主要有、和。
6．公路定线有定线、定线和定线三种方法。
7．公路与或公路与等相交形成交叉，交叉的地方称。
8．横断面一般是指与地面线所围成的图形。
9．选线一般要经过的三个步骤是、和。
10．相交路线平面上的交叉称为平面交叉，相交路线分别在平面上的交叉称为立体交叉。
二、选择题（单选，每题2分，共30分）1. 汽车下坡减速行驶时，其行使阻力中()为负值。
A．空气阻力与惯性阻力； B．滚动阻力与惯性阻力；C．惯性阻力与坡度阻力2. 凸形竖曲线最小长度和最小半径的确定，主要根据()来选取其中较大值。
A．行程时间、离心加速度和视距； B．行程时间和离心力；C．行程时间和视距；D．视距和离心加速度3. 两个相邻的反向曲线间应保留一定的直线段长度，其半径应根据( )来确定。
A．曲线长； B．切线长；C外距4、复曲线半径的选择应先选定()。
A．第一个曲线半径； B．受地形控制较严的那个半径；C．第二个曲线半径5、汽车行驶在设有超高的弯道上，汽车所受到的横向力（）。
A．有可能等于零；B．不可能等于零；C．永远大于零；D．永远小于零6．《技术标准》规定各级公路最大容许合成坡度的目的是（）。
A．控制急弯和陡坡的组合；B．控制最大超高横坡度；C．保证冰雪路面的行车安全； D．比纵坡指标更科学合理7．在公路的交叉口，为了传递道路方向、地点、距离等信息，应设置（）。
A．指示标志；B．指路标志；C．警告标志；D．禁令标志8．公路在急转弯路段前应设置（）。
A．警告标志； B．禁令标志； C．指示标志； D．指路标志9．公路的某一路段不允许车辆通行，则在该路段前应设置（）。
历年税法II样卷及答案
税法II样卷(考试时间90分钟,总分100分)题号一总分得分主观题用黑色字迹的签字笔作答（切勿使用其它颜色的签字笔）。
答题过程中，不得喧哗、交头接耳，不得夹带、旁窥、抄袭或有意让他人抄袭。
考试结束后，不要将试卷、草稿纸或其它物品夹在答题卡中。
得分评卷人一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分，共计100分）（）1、某学校 2019 年 11 月以 4000 万元的成交价格（不含增值税）购入一幢商品房作为教学楼使用。
已知，当地契税税率为 3%。
该学校应缴纳契税（ ）万元。
A、0B、60C、120D、180（）2、某公司2018年购进一处房产，2019年5月1日用于投资联营（收取固定收入，不承担联营风险），投资期3年，当年取得固定收入60万元（不含增值税）。
该房产原值3000万元，当地政府规定计算房产余值的减除幅度为30%，该公司2019年应缴纳的房产税为（ ）万元。
A、5.6B、15.6C、7.2D、16.8（）3、某企业2018年8月停止生产经营，进行清算，清算过程的相关数据如下：资产的账面价值3360万元、资产的计税基础3890万元、资产的可变现净值4230万元、负债账面价值3750万元、负债计税基础3700万元、最终清偿额3590万元，企业清算期内支付清算费用70万元，清算过程中发生的相关税费为20万元，以前年度可以弥补的亏损100万元。
该企业清算期的企业所得税为（ ）万元。
A、65B、50C、45D、70（）4、下列选项不属于城镇土地使用税征税范围的是（ ）。
A、位于工矿区的超市用地B、位于农村的农资批发部用地C、位于某市区的学校用地D、位于某县城郊区的加工厂用地（）5、年 6 月，甲企业将其闲置的办公楼以 800 万元的价格（不含增值税，下同）出售给乙企业，该办公楼原值 1000 万元，已计提折旧 300 万元。
已知，当地契税税率为 4%。
下列关于契税的处理，正确的是（ ）。
A、甲企业应缴纳契税28万元B、甲企业应缴纳契税32万元C、乙企业应缴纳契税28万元D、乙企业应缴纳契税32万元（）6、（2018年）根据企业所得税相关规定，企业转让动产的所得来源地是（）。
测量学_高飞_试卷二及答案
《测量学》试卷样卷之二合肥工业大学专业《测量学》试卷一、单项选择题（本大题共10题，每小题2分，共20分）将正确答案前的字母填在题后的括号内。
1．某地经度为东经118°50´，该地位于高斯投影3°带的带号n为（）A．19 B．20C．39 D．402．光学经纬仪的基本操作步骤为（）A．对中、整平、瞄准、读数 B．瞄准、精平、对中、读数C．粗平、瞄准、精平、读数 D．粗平、精平、瞄准、读数3．当钢尺的名义长度大于其实际长度时，会把所量测的距离（）A．量长 B．量短C．不长不短 D．量长或量短4．系统误差具有（）A．离散性 B．积累性C．随机性 D．补偿性5．某直线的磁方位角为88˚40΄，磁偏角为东偏3΄，子午线收敛角为西偏6΄，该直线的坐标方位角为（）A．88˚43΄ B．88˚49΄C．88˚31΄ D．88˚37΄6．在水准测量中，权的大小应（）A．与测站数成正比，与距离成反比 B．与测站数和距离均成反比C．与测站数成反比，与距离成正比 D．与测站数和距离均成正比7. 用光学经纬仪测量竖直角时，竖直度盘应（）A．随经纬仪转动 B．固定不动C．随望远镜转动 D．随照准部转动8．附合导线内业计算中，如果测量的是左角，那么角度闭合差的调整应（）A．反符号平均分配 B．反符号按比例分配C．符号不变平均分配 D．符号不变按比例分配29．某点经纬度为东经110˚20΄，北纬19˚10΄，该地所在1：1百万地形图分幅编号为（ ） A ．H50 B ．J50 C ．E49 D ．F4910．观测一个圆半径R 的中误差为m ，则圆面积的中误差M 为（ ） A ．±Rm π B ．±Rm π2C ．±m R 2π D ．±m R 2)2(π二、是非判断题（本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分）正确的在括号内写“√”，错误的写“×”。
名校之约中考导向总复习模拟样卷二轮数学二答案
名校之约中考导向总复习模拟样卷二轮数学二答案1、5.在数轴上点A，B分别表示数-2，-5，则A，B两点之间的距离可表示为（）[单选题] *A.-2+(-5)B.-2-(-5)(正确答案)C.(-5)+2D(-5)-22、下列表示正确的是（）[单选题] *A、0={0}B、0={1}C、{x|x2 =1}={1,-1}(正确答案)D、0∈φ3、13.不等式x+3＞5的解集为（）[单选题] *A. x＞1B. x＞2(正确答案)C. x＞3D. x＞44、1.计算| - 5 + 3|的结果是[单选题] *A. - 2B.2(正确答案)C. - 8D.85、1．如图，∠AOB＝120°，∠AOC＝∠BOC，OM平分∠BOC，则∠AOM的度数为（）[单选题] *A．45°B．65°C．75°(正确答案)D．80°6、8．一实验室检测A、B、C、D四个元件的质量（单位：克），超过标准质量的克数记为正数，不足标准质量的克数记为负数，结果如图所示，其中最接近标准质量的元件是（）[单选题] *A.+2B.-3C.+9D.-8(正确答案)7、18．下列说法正确的是（）[单选题] *A．“向东10米”与“向西10米”不是相反意义的量B．如果气球上升25米记作+25米，那么－15米的意义就是下降－15米C．如果气温下降6℃，记为-6℃，那么+8℃的意义就是下降8℃D．若将高1米设为标准0，高20米记作+20米，那么－05米所表示的高是95米(正确答案)8、下列各角终边在第三象限的是（）[单选题] *A. 60°B. 390°C. 210°(正确答案)D. -45°9、13．在海上，一座灯塔位于一艘船的北偏东40°方向，那么这艘船位于灯塔（）[单选题] *A．南偏西50°方向B．南偏西40°方向(正确答案)C．北偏东50°方向D．北偏东40°方向10、20．已知集合A={x|x2(x的平方)－2 023x＋2 022<0}，B={x|x<a}，若A?B，则实数a的取值范围是___. [单选题] *A a≥2022(正确答案)B a>2022C a<2022D a≥111、22．如果|x|＝2，那么x＝（）[单选题] *A．2B．﹣2C．2或﹣2(正确答案)D．2或12、8．修建高速公路时，经常把弯曲的公路改成直道，从而缩短路程，其道理用数学知识解释正确的是（）[单选题] *A．线段可以比较大小B．线段有两个端点C．两点之间，线段最短(正确答案)D．过两点有且只有一条直线13、14．将△ABC的三个顶点坐标的横坐标都乘以-1，并保持纵坐标不变，则所得图形与原图形的关系是（）[单选题] *A．关于x轴对称B．关于y轴对称(正确答案)C．关于原点对称D．将原图形沿x轴的负方向平移了1个单位14、在0°~360°范围中，与645°终边相同的角是（）[单选题] *285°(正确答案)-75°295°75°15、3、把方程x2-8x+3=0化成（x+m）2=n的形式，则m、n的值是（）[单选题] *A、4，13B、-4，19C、-4，13(正确答案)D、4，1916、5、若关于x的一元二次方程（a-1）x2+x+a2-1=0的一个根是0，则a的值是（）[单选题] *A、1B、-1(正确答案)C 、1或-1D、217、24．下列各数中，绝对值最大的数是（）[单选题] *A．0B．2C．﹣3(正确答案)D．118、x? ?1·()＝x? ?1，括号内应填的代数式是( ) [单选题] *A. x? ?1B. x? ?1C. x2(正确答案)D. x19、31、点A(-2,-3)关于y轴对称的点的坐标是（）[单选题] *(2,3)(-2,-3)(3,-2)(2,-3) (正确答案)20、3．下列说法：①有理数中，0的意义仅表示没有；②整数包括正整数和负整数；③正数和负数统称有理数；④0是最小的整数；⑤负分数是有理数．其中正确的个数（）[单选题] *A．1个(正确答案)B．2个C．3个D．5个21、390°是第（）象限角？[单选题] *第一象限(正确答案)第二象限第三象限第四象限22、下列函数中奇函数是（）[单选题] *A、y=2sin x(正确答案)B、y=3sin xC、y=2D、y=23、已知sina<0且cota＞0，则是（）[单选题] *、第一象限角B、第一象限角C、第三象限角(正确答案)D、第四象限角24、41、将一个三角形纸片剪开分成两个三角形，这两个三角形不可能是（）[单选题]* A．都是锐角三角形(正确答案)B．都是直角三角形C．都是钝角三角形D．是一个直角三角形和一个钝角三角形25、二次函数y=3x2-4x+5的二次项系数是（）。
新闻采编综合素质理论素养与专业技能考试（样卷2）参考答案【最新】
新闻采编综合素质理论素养与专业技能考试（样卷2参考答案）考试时间：3小时考试范围：教材第一、二部分分值：200分考生姓名_________ 所在媒体_________第一部分：理论素养（满分100分）一、填空题（共10分；每空0.5分）（答案在教材内可寻）1、马克思主义哲学原理对新闻工作的启示可以总结为“坚持‘两个原则’和处理好‘三对关系’”。
坚持“两个原则”指的是坚持实事求是的原则和坚持适度原则；处理好“三对关系”指的是处理好内容与形式的关系、本质和现象的关系和个别与一般的关系。
2、心理学的主要理论流派主要有行为主义学派、精神分析学派、人本主义学派、认知心理学派和神经生理学派。
（写四个即可）3、马克思主义哲学主要包括辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义两个主要部分。
具体来说它是由“唯物论”“辩证法”“认识论”和“历史观”组成的。
4、新闻媒体和新闻工作者的法律义务主要体现在维护国家安全、保障社会秩序、维护司法公正和不侵害公民和法人的人格权与著作权。
二、名词解释（共25分；每题5分；答题者请在6题中选择5题作答）名词解释答题步骤说明：第一步：解释基本概念第二步：概念特征和理念的简要说明阐释第三步：概念存在的意义价值社会化：社会化是指社会对个人的教化，以及个人主动对社会进行适应的过程。
简单地来说就学习怎么做人、做一个合格的人的过程。
社会化分基本社会化、继续社会化、再社会化、反向社会化等类型。
基本社会化就是自然人变成社会人的过程，比如，刚出生的孩子经过二十多年的培养，大学毕业成为社会的有用人才。
继续社会化是指成年人在自己的生活实践中主动选择、学习和接受新的文化的过程，如结婚后学习怎样做丈夫、做爸爸；父母年老去世后学习怎样适应这个变化等。
再社会化也称重新社会化，是指一个人以前的社会化不太成功，需要重新再社会化一遍。
比如，一个被判刑的罪犯就需要监狱等教化机构来帮助他重新做人。
反向社会化，是指传统的受教育者对施教者返回去施加影响，向他们传授社会变化后的新知识，如子女教父母如何上网、学习外语新知识等。
液压与气压传动技术(第3版参考答案 (2)[2页]
![液压与气压传动技术(第3版参考答案 (2)[2页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ffa2a4f6bed5b9f3f80f1cab.png)
液压与气动技术应用(样卷2)答案一、
二、填空题：
1.外负载
2.定量泵变量泵
3. 往复直线回转
4. 体积m3/s
5. 稳压卸荷
6. 压力行程
7.减压阀
8.能源装置执行装置控制调节装置辅助装置
9.气缸气动马达
10.一次压力控制二次压力控制
三、选择题：
1.C
2.A
3.A
4.C
5.A
6.A
7.C
8.C
9.D 10.D
四、判断题：
1.×
2.√
3.×
4.×
5.√
6.√
7.×
8.√
9.×10.×
五、
元件：定量泵、先导式溢流阀、两位四通电磁换向阀、两位三通电磁换向阀、单向阀、调速阀、单出杆活塞液压缸
工作原理：
按下启动按钮，电磁铁1Y A、2Y A同时得电，换向阀3左位接入、换向阀5右位接入，实现差动连接，液压缸活塞向右快速运动；当到达某一位置时，发出电信号使2Y A断电，阀5左位接入，完成由调速阀实现的工作进给；工作进给完成，则1Y A也断电，阀3右位接入，完成油路换向，液压缸活塞向左退回。
六、
元件：气泵、单向阀、节流阀、气缸、二位五通电磁换向阀
工作原理：
１.气泵１——阀２左位——单向阀６——气缸左腔
气缸右腔——节流阀３——阀２左位——排出｝实现由３调定的速度２. 电磁铁１ＹＡ得电，电磁换向阀２右位接通；
气泵１——阀２右位——单向阀４——气缸右腔
气缸左腔——节流阀５——阀２右位——排出｝实现由５调定的速度。
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《通信光缆线路工程》样卷2答案
班级姓名学号成绩
一、填空：（30%）
1、8米钢筋混凝土电杆在水田（轻、中负荷区）中的埋深一般为1.6米。
2、光缆布放的牵引张力应不超过光缆允许张力的80％；瞬间最大张力不超过光缆允许张力的100％。
3、管道光缆布放采用机械牵引时，应根据地形、布放长度等因素选择集中牵引、分散牵引或中间辅助牵引等方式。
4、水泥电杆的角杆应立在线路转角点以内10-15 cm。
5、长途光缆线路走向，应以局（站）所处地理位置规定：北或东为A端；南或西为B端。
6、直埋光缆（包括管道化光缆）埋设后单盘光缆金属护层对地绝缘电阻值应不低于10
MΩ，允许10%的单盘光缆不低于 2 MΩ。
7、光缆可同其他通信光缆或电缆同沟敷设，但不得重叠或交叉，缆间的平行净距不应小于10 厘米。
8、光缆接头，必须有一定长度的光纤，一般完成光纤连接后的余留长度（光缆开剥处到接头间的长度）一般为 60～100 厘米。
9、架空光缆可适当的在杆上作伸缩余留，一般轻负荷区每 3～ 5 档作一处余留。
10、架空光缆的吊线一般采用规格为 7/2.2 的镀锌钢绞线。
11、光缆挂钩卡挂间距要求为 50 ±3 厘米。
12、排流线应布放在光缆上方30 厘米处，双条排流线间应保持10 厘米的距离。
排流线的连接处应采用焊接方式。
13、光纤通信中目前所采用的三个通信窗口是0.85µm， 1.31 µm，1.55 µm。
14、ADSS的含义是全介质自承式光缆；ODF的含义是光纤配线架；
SM的含义是单模光纤；MM的含义是多模光纤。
15、标石应尽量埋在光缆的正上方，不影响交通与耕作的位置。
16、光纤通信是以光波为载波，以光纤为传输媒质的一种通信方式。
二、选择：（10%）
（D ）1、、流沙中直埋光缆埋深不少于米。
A、1.5
B、1.2
C、1.0
D、0.8
（C ）2、光缆以牵引方式敷设时，主要牵引力应加在光缆的上。
A、光纤
B、外护层
C、加强构件
D、都可以
（A ）3、架空光缆与公路平行时，最低缆线到地面的最小垂直净距为米。
A、3.0
B、4.5
C、5.5
D、7.5
（B ）4、某GYTS光缆直径为16mm，一般选用的挂钩程式应为。
A、25
B、35
C、45
D、55
（A ）5、电杆上放设第一条吊线时，一般情况下夹板应装在侧。
A、面向人行道
B、面向街道
C、人行道、街道任意
（A ）6、地线的引线一般采用的塑料护套的多股铜线。
A、16 mm 2
B、25mm 2
C、50mm2
D、16cm2
（C ）7、光缆敷设后应立即进行预回土 cm，应是细土，不能将砖头、石块或砾石等填入。
A、10
B、20
C、30
D、40
（A ）8、与7/2.2程式拉线配套的拉线盘、地锚铁柄是。
A、500x300x150，Ø16x2100
B、500x300x150，Ø20x2100
C、600x400x150，Ø20x2100、
D、没规定
（A ）9、下列OTDR的使用中，说法正确的是。
A、平均时间越长，信噪比越高，曲线越清晰。
B、脉宽越大，功率越大，可测的距离越长，分辨率也越高。
C、脉冲宽度越大，盲区越小。
D、分别从两端测，测出的衰减值是一样的。
（C ）10、光缆交接箱具备等基本功能
A、光信号放大、光缆成端固定、尾纤熔接存储
B、光信号放大、光缆成端固定、光路调配
C、光缆成端固定、尾纤熔接存储、光路调配
D、光信号放大、尾纤熔接存储、光路调配
三、是非题：（10%）
（√）1、杆上放设第一条吊线时，一般情况吊线应放在面向人行道一侧。
（√）2、目前光缆干线上单波长的传输速率一般为2.5Gb/S或10Gb/S。
（×）3、光缆终端时，必须将金属件和加强芯接到ODF架的机壳上。
（×）4、排流线的两端必须分别连接到接地装置上。
（√）5、一般市话管道用的子管，其内径至少为所敷设光缆外径的1.5倍。
（√）6、管道基础宽63cm以上时，其沟底宽度应为基础宽度两侧各加30cm。
（√）7、瑞利散射将光信号向四面八方散射，我们把其中沿光纤原链路返回OTDR的散射光称为背向散射光。
（√）8、单模、多模光纤的包层直径一般为125µm。
（×）9、当光在一段长为40km光纤中传输时，输出端的光功率为10µw，输入端光功率为1mw，则该光纤的衰减系数为0.4 dB/km。
（×）10、光缆接头坑的坑底，应铺10厘米厚的细土，接头盒上方30厘米处，应加水泥盖板保护。
四、简答题：（20%）
1、熔接制备光纤端面时，合格的光纤端面应达到什么样的质量要求？（3%）
答：光纤端面光滑平整无缺损、无毛刺；清洁；切割角端面89°±1°，近似与轴线垂直。
2、降低光纤接头熔接损耗的方法有哪些？（4%）
答：环境条件（包括温度、风力、灰尘等）、操作的熟练程度（包括光纤端面的制备、电极棒的老化程度）、光纤的匹配性（包括光纤、尾纤类型匹配、光纤厂商匹配）等。
3、哪些地点应埋设光缆标石?（4%）
答：接头点；转弯点；同沟敷设起止点；敷设防雷排流线起止点；按规定预留光缆点；与其它重要管线的交越点；穿越障碍物，寻找有困难的地方；直线路由超过200m，郊区及野外超过250m，寻找光缆有困难的地方。
4、叙述光缆接续的过程。
（5%）
答：（1）、准备工作，包括技术准备、器材准备和光缆准备；（2）、接续位置的确定；（3）、开剥光缆；（4）、加强芯、金属护层的固定处理；（5）、剥松套管，穿套光纤保护套管，清洁光纤，制作光纤端面，光纤的接续；（6）、光纤连接损耗的监测；（7）、光纤余留长度的收容处理；（8）、封装光缆接头盒；（9）、光缆接头盒的安装固定、清理现场。
5、管道基础在那些地区宜采用钢筋混凝土基础？（4%）
（1）基础在地下水位以下，冰冻层以内；
（2）土质很松软的回填土；
（3）淤泥流砂；
（4）Ш级大孔性土壤。
五、问答题：（30%）
1、若GYTA-72B4光缆内有6个束管，颜色依次为棕、灰、白、蓝、桔、绿逆时针方向排列，则（1）该端别是什么端别？（2）如何找出该光缆的第15、33、53号光纤？（3）请用文字说明GYTA-48B4的意义；（4）GYTA-72B4光缆中光纤的传输特性，并说明该光缆一般使用在什么网络中。
（16%）
答：（1）该端别是B端别；
（2）第15、33、53号光纤分别是：桔管绿纤，绿管黄纤，灰管灰纤；
（3）GYTA-48B4是：金属加强构件，石油膏填充，铝聚乙烯粘接护层，单钢带皱纹纵包铠装聚乙烯护套的通信用野外光缆，包括48根G.655光纤。
（4）B4是非零色散位移光纤，在1550nm波长区域损耗最小又具有合理的低色散，足以支持10Gbit/s的长距离传输而无需色散补偿；同时，其色散值的非零特性又抑制四波混频等非线性效应的影响，可以开通时分复用和密集波分复用系统的需要。
所以该光缆一般使用在
骨干网络中。
2、（1）OTDR测试前要设置哪些参数，如何设置？
（2）下图是一条后向散射曲线。
分析造成图中各事件点的原因？
（3）分别画出测量总长度和总损耗时的光标位置。
（14%）
答：(1)波长选择：与系统传输通信波长相对应，系统开放1550波长，则测试波长为1550nm。
脉宽：测量距离长，用宽脉宽；
测量范围：最佳测量范围为待测光纤长度1.5～2倍距离之间；
平均时间：1min
折射率n：与光纤实际的折射率一致。
(2) A：前端连接器造成的菲涅尔反射
B、F：活动连接器或者光纤有裂痕；
C、E：光纤的熔接点缺陷容易造成轨迹图中散射曲线的突然跌落或者弯曲直径过小，光就会不再遵循全反。