考博英语历年真题

考博英语历年真题

北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案

Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20

Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.

21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose

d of father,mother and children.

A.refers to

B.defines

C.describes

D.devotes to

22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e

lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended

23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____

___the quality of interpersonal relationship.

A.ascends

https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,pels

C.enhances

D.prefers

24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea

rch_____on the human brain.

A.was…did

B.has been…to be done

C.was…doing

D.has been…done

25.

“I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’

d better_______at hom

e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up…

to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’

s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations.

A.hold back

B.hold to

C.hold down

D.hold over

27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’

s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content.

A.not less than…as

B.as…just as

C.so much…as

D.not so much…

as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C.

its windows opened D.the windows of which opening

29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o

ut to be a distant relation of his.

A.put him up

B.put him out

C.put him on

D.put him in30.By standers,

_______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze

d C.bloody and covered with dust,looked dazed D.bloodied and covered with

dust,looking dazed

31.Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks,the Government insisted yest

erday,as the US________closed for an apparent security review.

A.Consulation

B.Constitution

C.Consulate

D.Consular

32.American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game______the legendary O’Neal,who______the“Great Wall”at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.

A.in head of,ran on

B.in head of,ran into

C.ahead of,ran onto

D.ahead o

f,ran into

33.Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate mate

rials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in__ _______computers.A.abstract B.obsolete C.obstinate D.obese

34.She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house.

“I actually think there’s something about the______of paper that feels more comforting.”She said.

A.tangibility

B.tangledness

C.tangent

D.tantalization

35.

“They said what we always knew,”said an administration source,___________.

A.he asked not to be named

B.who asked not to be named

C.who asked not

be named D.who asked not named

36.In Germany,the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recently_____

__their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without incr easing pay.A.muscled B.moved C.mushed D.muted

37.He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness,and has left

the country_______.

A.energized

B.Enervated

C.Nerved

D.enacted

38.The more people hear his demented rants,the more they see that he is a ter

rorist_______.

A.who is pure and simple

B.being pure and simple

C.pure and simple

D.as

pure and simple

39.This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service

and to a rapid and terrible________in the character of the population.

A.determination

B.deterioration

C.desolation

D.desperation

40._______a declining birthrate,there will be an over-supply of27,000primar

y school places by2010,_______leaving35school sidle.B.Coupling with, equivalent to

C.Coupled with,equivalent to

D.Coupling with,equals to

Part Three:Reading Comprehension10Passage One The Hero

My mother’s parents came from Hungary,but my grandfather could trace his origin to Ge rmany and also he was educated in Germany.Although he was able to hold a co nversation in nine languages,he was most comfortable in German.Every morni

ng,before going to his office,he read the German language newspaper,which was American owned and published in New York.

My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children.He still had relatives living in Europe.When the fi rst world war broke out,he lamented the fact that if my uncle,his only son had to go,it would be cousin fighting against cousin.In the early days of the war,my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper,instead.He scoffed at the idea,expl aining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper,bu t only an American newspaper,printed in German.But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German.So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.

One day,the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join th

e army.My grandparents were very upset,but my mother,his little sister,w

as excited.Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war.

She was ten years old at the time,and my uncle,realizing how he was regard ed by his little sister and her friends,went out and bought them all servic

e pins,which meant that they had a loved one in the service.All the little

girls were delighted.When the day came for him to leave,his

whole regiment,in their uniforms,left together from the same train station.T here was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off.E ach one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag,cheering the b oys,as they left.

The moment came and the soldiers,all very young,none of whom had had any trai ning,but who had never the less all been issued uniforms,boarded the train.

The band played and the crowd cheered.The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers,but it soon began to move.St ill cheering and waving their flags,the band still playing,the train slowl y departed the station.

It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt.The band stopped playing,the crowd stopped cheering.Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station.It seemed an eternity u ntil the doors opened and the men started to file out.Someone shouted,“It’s the armistice.The war is over.”For a moment,nobody moved,but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers.The men lined up and forme

d into two lines.They walked down th

e steps and,with the band playing behi

nd,paraded down the street,as returning heroes,to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd.The next day my uncle returned to his job,and my grandfat her resumed reading the German newspaper,which he read until the day he die d.

41.Where was the narrator’s family when this story took place?

A.In Germany.

B.In Hungary.

C.In the United States

D.In New York.42.His gr

andfather____________.

A.could not speak and read English well enough

B.knew nine languages equally

well

C.knew a number of languages,but felt more kin to German

D.loved German best

because it made him think of home

43.His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in Germ

an,because________.

A.it was war time and Germans were their enemy

B.the neighbors would mistake

them as pro-German C.it was easier to get newspapers in English in America

D.nobody else read newspapers in German during the wartime

44.The narrator’

s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war,because________.

A.like everybody else at the wartime,she was very patriotic

B.she hated the

war and the Germans very much

C.all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be like them

D.she l

iked to have a brother she could think of as a hero Passage Two

Waking Up from the American Dreams

here has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of“Wal-Martization”of America,which refers to the attempt of America’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels.

For years,many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems t o control labor costs,such as hiring temps(temporary workers)and part-tim ers,fighting unions,dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.

While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices,

they’re costly in other ways.More than a quarter of the labor force,about34mi llion workers,is trapped in low-wage,often dead-end jobs.Many middle-inco me and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities,too,as companies sh ift work to subcontract or sand temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India.The result has been an erosion of one of America’s most cherished value:giving its people the ability to move up the economi

c ladder over their life times.Historically,most Americans,even low-skill

ed ones,were able to find poorly paid janitorial or

factory jobs,then gradually climbed into the middleclass as they gained experi ence and moved up the wage curve.But the number of workers progressing upwa rd began to slip in1970s.Upward mobility diminished even more in the1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.

Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of ma king it happen.Experts have decried schools’in adequacy for years,but fix ing them is a long,arduous struggle.Similarly,there have been plenty of w arnings about declining college access,but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45.The American dream in this passage mainly r efers to____________.

A.there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in th

e society B.Americans can always move up the pay ladder

C.American young people can have access to college,even they are poor

D.the

labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs46.Wal-Mart strate gy,according to this passage,is to___________. A.hire temps and part-time rs to reduce its cost

B.outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroad

C.hold d

own its consumer price by controlling its labor costs D.dismantle the caree r ladder and stop people’s mobility upward47.Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?

A.Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.

B.Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S.

C.More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and Indi

a. D.Although people know how to restore American mobility,it’

s difficult to change the present situation.

Passage Three Seniors and the City

Tens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashi oning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city.Th ey are looking for what most older people want:a home with no stairs and lo w crime rates.And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings,young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants.Sp ying an opportunity,major real-estate developer shave broken ground on urba n sites they intended to market to suburban retirees.These seniors are already changing the face of big cities.One dev eloper,Fran Mc Carthy asks:“Who ever thought that suburban flight would be roundtrip?”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown int o a steady stream.While some cities,especially those with few cultural off erings,have seen an exodus of seniors,urban planners say others have becom

e retirees magnets.Between1999and2000,the population of64-to-75-year-o

lds in downtown Chicago rose17percent.Austin,New Orleans,and Los Angele s have seen double-digit increases as well.There may be hidden health benef its to city living.A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging---social isolation.In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer.For affluent retirees,city lif

e is an increasingly popular option.

48.Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________. A.they

find there are too many crimes in the suburbs

B.unlike the flats in the city,their country house have stairs to climb

C.t

hey are no longer interested in playing golf

D.in the city,they have more social and cultural life against loneliness49.

From the passage we can infer that_________.

A.the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construct

ion with senior retirees

B.a life in the downtown city is expensive,and most of those retirees who mov

ed back into the city are very well-off

C.with more older people living in the city,the city will become gray and les

s beautiful D.very soon the American suburban areas will face their low pop ulation crisis50.Fran Mc Carthy’s question means:nobody ever thought that__________. A.people who moved ou t of the city decades ago now would move back B.suburban dwellers when movi ng back into the city must take roundtrip C.suburban flight years ago woul

d go in circles

D.senior people’

s moving back into the city would take place all over the United States Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own E nglish the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.Put your answ ers on ANSWERSHEET(2)15

(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury,especially among men,new resear

ch says.There searchers gathered data on more than2,400accident victims a t three Missouri hospitals.They interviewed each subject to determine the p atient’s emotional state just before the injury and24hours earlier,gathering dat

a on whether the patients felt irritable,angry or hostile,and to what degr

ee.Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.

(52)Despite widespread belief in“road rage,”anger did not correlate with inju

ries from traffic accidents.

(53)Not surprisingly,anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted del

iberately.But other injuries –those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents –also showed strong associations with anger.

(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men,but ther

e were no differences by race.The authors acknowledge that their data depen

d on self-reports,which ar

e not always reliable.

(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known.“I can speculate that the an

ger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury,or may have simp ly distracted the person,leading indirectly to the injury,”said the study’s lead author.Part Four:Cloze Test10

Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage.Put your answers on A NSWERSHEET(2).

Last year French drivers killed(56)_______than5,000people on the roads for t he first time in decades.Credit goes largely(57)________the1,000automate

d radar cameras planted on th

e nation’

s high ways since2003,which experts reckon(58)_______3,000lives last yea r.Success,of course breeds success:the government plans to install500(59) ______radar devices this year.

So it goes with surveillance these days.Europeans used to look at the security

cameras posted in British cities,subways and buses(60)_______the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe.But

last year’s London bombing,in which video cameras(61)________a key role in identifyin

g the perpetrators,have helped spuraseachange.A month(62)_______the Londo

n attacks,half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet provi ders and telecoms to store all e-mail,Internet and phone data for“anti-ter ror”

(63)______.In a British poll,73percent of respondents said they were(64)__

_____to give up some civil liberty to improve(65)________.Part Five:Proof reading10

Directions:In the following passage,there are altogether10mistakes,ONE in each numbered and underlined part.You may have to change a word,add a word, or just delete a word.If you change a word,cross it with a slash(/)and w rite the correct word beside it.If you add a word,write the missing word b etween the words(in brackets)immediately before and after it.If you delet

e a word,cross it out with a slash(/).Put your answer on ANSWERSHEET(2).E

xamples:

eg.1(66)The meeting begun2hours ago.

Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(66)begun began

eg.2(67)Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when th

e curtain went up.

Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely)had(they)eg.3(68)Never wi ll I not do it again.

Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not

(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the countr

y.(67)Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters,sco uring transcripts and standardized test scores.

(68)But anything is missing from many applications:a class ranking,once a maj

or component in admissions decisions.

In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and uni versities,(69)thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information,concluding it could harm the chances of their very better,but not best,students.

(70)Canny college officials,in turn,have found a tactical way to response.(71)

Using broad data that high schools often provide,like a distribution of gr ade averages for entire senior class,they essentially recreate an applicant ’s class rank.(72)The process has left them exasperating.

(73)“If we’

re looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are amo ng the best in their school,with a rank we don’t necessarily know that,”said Jim Bock,dean of admissions and financial ai

d at Swarthmor

e College.(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.

When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the cla ss rank calculation,(75)many admissions directors say they have little cho ice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do:give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six:Writing15 Directions:Write a short composition of about250to300words on the topic gi ven below.Write it neatly on ANSWERSHEET(2).

Recently,a newspaper carried an article entitled:“We Should No Longer Force G ong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics”.The article argue

d that som

e artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent

the people in the People’s Congress or the People’s Political Consultative Conference,and they should not be forced to do so.

What do you think?

56.fewer57.to58.saved59.more60.as61.played62.after63.purposes64.

ready/willing65.security

2011年3月中科院考博英语真题

PARTⅠVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5point each)

Directions:Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best compl etes the statement,and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

1.My father was a nuclear engineer,a very academically_________Man with m

ultiple degrees from prestigious institutions.

A.promoted

B.activated

C.oriented

D.functioned

2.Public_________for the usually low-budget,high-quality films has enable

d th

e independent film industry to grow and thrive.

A.appreciation

B.recognition

C.gratitude

D.tolerance

3.Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel,an unlikely television program,has b

ecome a surprising success with a_________fan base.

A.contributed

B.devoted

C.revered

D.scared

4.Pop culture doesn't_________to strict rules;it enjoys being jazzy,unpr

edictable,chaotic. A.adhere B.lend C.expose https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,mit

5.Intellectual property is a kind of_________monopoly,which should be use

d properly or els

e would disrupt healthy competition order.

A.legible

B.legendary

C.lenient

D.legitimate

6.I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance,and I earnestly

hope that I will_________everyone’s expectations.

A.boil down to

B.look forward to

C.live up to

D.catch on to

7.The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb20flights of stairs

because the lift is_________is now a common one.

A.out of the way

B.on order

C.out of order

D.in no way

8.My eyes had become_________to the now semi-darkness,so I could pick out

shapes about seventy-five yards away.

A.inclined

B.accustomed

C.vulnerable

D.sensitive

9.Despite what I’d been told about the local people’

s attitude to strangers,_________did I encounter any rudeness.

A.at no time

B.in no time

C.at any time

D.at some time

10.In times of severe_________companies are often forced to make massive j

ob cuts in order to survive.

A.retreat B,retrospect C.reduction D.recession

11.Sport was integral to the national and local press,TV and,to a diminish

ing_________,to radio.

A.extent

B.scope

C.scale

D.range

12.Unless your handwriting is_________,or the form specifically asks for

typewriting,the form should be neatly handwritten.

A.illegitimate B,illegal C.illegible D.illiterate

13.The profession fell into,with some physicists sticking to existin

g theories,while others came up with the big-bang theory.

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

14.With the purchasing power of many middle-class households_________behin

d th

e cost o

f living,there was an urgent demand for credit.

A.leaving

B.levering

https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,cking

https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,gging

15.Frank stormed into the room and_________the door,but it wasn’

t that easy to close the door on what Jack had said.

A.slashed

B.slammed

C.slipped

D.slapped

16.When I was having dinner with you and Edward at his apartment,I sensed a

certain_________between the two of you.

A.intimacy

B.proximity

C.discrepancy

D.diversity

17.I decided to_________between Ralph and his brother,who were arguing en

dlessly. A.interfere B.intervene C.interrupt D.interact

18.“I mean Gildas and Ludens are both wise,reasonable and tactful;but natu

rally they’re_________,they want to know what’s happening,and make judgments on it all.”

A.indifferent

B.innocent

C.inquisitive

D.instinctive

19.In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to_________the population;nearly60pe

rcent of those infected are women.

A.alleviate

B.boost

C.capture

D.ravage

20.By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was_________di

sintegration. A.on the ground of B.on the top of C.in the light of D.on the verge of

PARTⅡCLOZE TEST(15minutes,15points)

Directions:For each blank in the following passage,choose the best answer f rom the four choices given below.Mark the corresponding letter of your choi ce with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answe r Sheet.

Tomorrow Japan and South Korea will celebrate White Day,an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in their lives.It is a relatively new21that was commercially created as payback for Valentin

e’s Day.That’s22in both countries,14February is all about the man.On Valentin e’s Day,women are expected to buy all the important male23in their live s a token gift;not just their partners,24their bosses or older relati ves too.

This seems25enough.Surely it’s reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year,26the number of times they’re expected to produce bouquets of flowers and27their woman with perfu me or pearls.

But the idea of a woman28a man didn’t sit easily with people.In1978,the National

Confectionery Industry Association(糖果业协会)29an idea to solve this problem.They started to market white choco late that men could give to women on14March,as30for the male-orient ed Valentine’s Day.

It started with a handful of sweet-makers’producing candy31a simple gi ft idea.The day32the public imagination,and is now a nationally33 date in the diary-and one where men are34to whip out their credit ca rds.In fact,men are now expected to give gifts worth35the value of t hose they received.What a complication:not only do men have to remember wh o bought them what,they have to estimate the value and multiply it by three.

21.A.copy B.concept C.choice D.belief22.A.because B.

as C.so D.why23.A.clients B.friends C.figures D.

colleagues24.A.but B.and C.instead of D.rather than2

5.A.odd B.good C.fair D.rare2

6.A.given B.if C.

but D.though

27. A.attract B.frustrate C.surprise D.touch28.A.supporting

B.spoiling

https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,forting

D.fooling

29.A.came up with https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,e out of C.came up to D.came along with

https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,panion https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,promise https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,petence https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,pensation31. A.via

B.as

C.with

D.for32.A.captured B.appealed C.favor

ed D.held33.A.documented B.recognized C.illustrated D.schedu led34.A.volunteered B.embarrassed C.sponsored D.obliged

35.A.triple B.double C.fourfold D.equal

PARTⅢREADING COMPREHENSION Section A(60minutes,30points)

Directions:Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements.Each question or statement is followed by four ch oices marked A,B,C,and D.Read each passage carefully,and then select th

e choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark the

letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your M achine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Passage One

At many colleges,smokers are being run not just out of school buildings but off the premises.On Nov.19,the University of Kentucky,the tobacco state ’

s flagship public institution,Launched a campus wide ban on cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco on school grounds and parking areas.Pro-nicotine students staged a“smoke-out”to protest the new policy,which even rules out smoking inside cars if they’re on school property.

Kentucky joins more than365U.S.colleges and universities that in recent y ears have instituted antismoking rules both indoors and out.In most places, the issue doesn’t seem to be secondhand smoke.Rather,the rationale for going smoke-free in wide open spaces is a desire to model healthy behavior.

Purdue University,which has30-ft.buffer zones,recently considered adoptin g a campuswide ban but tempered its proposal after receiving campus input.S moking will now be restricted to limited outdoor areas.

One big problem with a total ban is enforcing it.Take the University of Iowa.

In July2008,the school went smoke-free in accordance with the Iowa Smokef ree Air Act,violations of which can result in a$50fine.But so far,the u niversity has ticketed only about25offenders.“Our campus is about1,800 acres,so to think that we could keep track of who is smoking on campus at a ny given time isn’t really feasible,”says Joni Troester,director of the university’s campus wellness program.Instead,the school helps those trying to kick th e habit by offering smoking-cessation programs and providing reimbursement f or nicotine patches,gum and prescription medications like Zyban.

The University of Michigan will probably take a similar approach when its ban takes effect in July2011.“We don’t have a desire to give tickets or levy punishments,”says Robert Winfield,the school’s chief health officer.“We want to encourage people to stop smoking,set a good example for students and make this a healthier community.”

Naturally,there has been pushback from students.“Where do we draw the line between a culture of health and individual choice?”asks Jnathan Slemrod,a University of Michigan senior and president of the s chool’s College Libertarians.“If they truly want a culture of health,I expect th em to go through all our cafeterias and get rid of all our Taco Bells,all o ur pizza places.”Students might want to enjoy those Burrito Supremes while they can.In today ’s health-obsessed culture,those may be next.

36.We can infer that the“newness”of the antismoking policy at the University of Kentucky lies in_________.

A.its extended scope of no-smoking places

B.its prohibition of cigarette

sales on campus C.its penalty for bringing tobacco to school D.its ban on smoke when people are driving

37.By setting the antismoking rules the University of Kentucky mainly aims for

_________.

A.protecting students against passive smoking

B.modeling itself on many o

ther universities

C.promoting the students’health awareness

D.punishing those who dare smo

ke on campus

38.One of the problems enforcing the ban on smoking at the University of Iow

s is_________.

A.limiting the smoke-free areas

B.tracing smokers on campus

C.forcing smokers to give up smoking

D.providing alternative ways for smokers

39.The word“levy”(in Paragraph5)most probably means_________.

A.impose

B.avoid

C.deserve

D.receive

40.According to Jonathan Slemrod,Taco Bell is_________.

A.a tobacco shop

B.a school cafeteria

C.an organic food store

D.an unhealthy food chain41.The author’

s tone in the essay is_________.

A.radical

B.optimistic

C.objective

D.critical

Passage Two

The familiar sounds of an early English summer are with us once https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,lio ns of children sit down to SATs,GCSEs,AS-levels,A-levels and a host of le sser exams,and the argument over educational standards starts.Depending on whom you listen to,we should either be letting up on over-examined pupils by abolishing SATs,and even GCSEs,or else making exams far more rigorous.

The chorus will reach a peak when GCSE and A-level results are published in A ugust.If pass rates rise again,commentators will say that standards are fa lling because exams are getting easier.If pass rates drop,they will say th at standards are falling because children are getting lower marks.Parents l ike myself try to ignore this and base our judgments on what our children ar

e learning.But it’

s not easy given how much education has changed since we were at school.

Some trends are encouraging-education has been made more relevant and enthuse s many children that it would have previously bored.My sons’A-level French revision involved listening to radio debates on current affairs,whereas mi ne involved rereading Moliere.And among their peers,a far greater proporti on stayed in education for longer.

On the other hand,some aspects of schooling today are incomprehensible to my generation,such as gaps in general knowledge and the hand-holding that goe

s with ensuring that students leave with good grades.Even when we parents r esist the temptation to help with GCSE or A-level coursework,a teacher with

the child’s interests at heart may send a draft piece of work back several times with pointers to how it can be improved before the examiners see it.

The debate about standards persists because there is no single objective answ er to the question:“Are standards better or worse than they were a generati on ago?”

Each side points to indicators that favor them,in the knowledge that there is no authoritative definition,let alone a measure that has been consistent ly applied over the decades.But the annual soul-searching over exams is abo ut more than student assessment.It reveals a national insecurity about whet her our education system is teaching the right things.It is also fed by an anxiety about whether,in a country with a history of upholding standards by ensuring that plenty of students fail,we can attain the more modern object ive of ensuring that every child leaves school with something to show for it.

42.It can be concluded from Paragraph1that_________. A.SATs is

one of the most rigorous exams mentioned B.it has been debated if childre n should b given exams C.few parents approve of the exam systems in Engla nd

D.each year children have to face up to some new exams

43.Parents try to judge the educational standards by_________. A.wheth

er their children have passed the exams B.what knowledge their children h ave acquired C.what educators say about curriculum planning

D.whether their children’s school scores are stable

44.To the author,the rereading of Moliere was_________. A.dreary B.

routine C.outmoded D.arduous

45.To the author’

s generation,it is beyond understanding today why_________. A.teacher s lay great stress on helping students obtain good grades B.teachers show much concern for students’future C.parents help little with their child ren’s coursework

D.parents focus on their children’

s general knowledge46.According to the passage,with respect to educatio nal standards in Britain,_________. A.no authorities have ever made a comment B.no one has ever tried to give them a definition

C.no effective ways have been taken to apply them

D.no consistent yardstick has ever been used

47.In the author’

s opinion,the school education in Britain has been_________. A.inflex ible B.irresponsible C.unsuccessful D.unforgivable Passage Three Suzan Fellman had a hard time with Laura Bush’s redo of the famed guest quarters named for President Lincoln:“Looking at it,I thought I was in a Radisson lobby somewhere in the Midwest long ago.

I could not imagine spending a night in that space.”

Done up with Victorian furnishings,the Lincoln Bedroom is one of the residen ce’s least-changed spaces,said Betty Monkman,formerly chief curator of the Wh ite House for nearly40years.“It’s a quasi-museum room,”she said,“with a lot of objects,such as the bed,that have symbolic impor tance.”

The elaborately carved bed bought for Lincoln is the centerpiece of the room.

According to historian William Seale,the president was furious that his wife, Mary,spent so much money redecorating the White House during a time of war.

He never slept in the bed,and the ornate piece eventually was moved to a spare room.

Los Angeles designer Fellman saw parallels,calling the Obama era a period of “pulling back on extravagance.”It is a good time,she said,to revisit pieces in storage,to rearrange old furniture in a new fashion,and use paint and fabrics to bring life and fun into a room without spending a fortune.

In this re-imagining of the Lincoln Bedroom,Fellman would retain the legenda ry bed but paint the ceiling a sky blue and use a Cecil Beaton rose-print fa bric for curtains.“Lincoln loved roses,”Fellman said,“and this beige and ivory version keeps it from being too bold, modern or feminine.”At a time when Americana is expected to stage a strong revival,Fellman said traditional styles such as Colonial and Federal can co-exist with European antiques if they are balanced in scale.

Mindful of the recession,the designer advocated selecting furniture with lon gevity in mind.“If you are going to spend money,buy quality things that yo u never want to get rid of,”she said.“A couple of really good things can make all the difference in a r oom.”Her splurges would include a camel-hair sofa,which Fellman said was long-la sting and timeless.As a Pop Art-influenced statement about thrift,a custom rug woven with a6-foot-diameter medallion replicates the penny’s image of Lincoln in subtle shades of ivory and copper.

In bad times as in good,spare rooms don’t have to be grand to be effective,Fellman said.“A guest room should feel inviting and intimate,”she said.“It has to exude serenity.”

48.To Suzan Fellman,Laura Bush’s redecoration of the Lincoln Bedroom could hardly be_________.

A.evaluated

B.imagined

C.understood

D.praised

49.The Lincoln Bedroom in White House is a place for

_________. A.the president to have a rest B.visitors to stay overnig ht C.storing Victorian furnishings

D.exhibiting classic objects

50.According to Fellman,the Obama era is similar to the Lincoln era in____

_____. A.decorating houses B.respecting the past

C.protecting the classic

D.encouraging thrift

51.The way Fellman would rearrange the Lincoln Bedroom includes_________.

A.putting some roses on the table

B.omitting some European antiques

C.adding to it some Federal styles

D.giving it the look of a strong America

52.In choosing the new furniture for the room,Fellman would give top priori

ty to_________.

A.its durability

B.its simplicity

C.its price

D.its color

53.Fellman would avoid making the Lincoln Bedroom look_________.

A.tranquil

B.luxurious

C.hospitable

D.fascinating

Passage Four

Laurance Rockefeller,the middle brother of the five prominent and benevolent grandsons of John D.Rockefeller,who concentrated his own particular gener osity on conservation,recreation,ecological concerns and medical research, particularly the treatment of cancer,died of pulmonary fibrosis at his hom

e in Manhattan.

His career began on Wall Street almost70years ago,where he became a pionee r of modern venture capitalism,compounding his inherited wealth many times over.In the decades since he first took his seat on the New York Stock Exch ange,he often used his native instinct for identifying the next big thing, not content simply to make more money but to make the money produce somethin

g of lasting value.

Less sociable than his older brother Nelson,who was a four-term governor of New York and the country’s vice president under Gerald R.Ford,Laurance Spelman Rockefeller was also more reserved and private than his flamboyant younger brother Winthrop who was the governor of Arkansas.A philosophy major at Princeton he had long wr estled with the question of how he might most efficiently and satisfyingly u se the great wealth to which he was born and which he later kept compounding as a successful pioneer of modern venture capitalism.

Using significant amounts of his money as well as his connections and prestig

e and negotiating skills he was instrumental in establishing and enlarging N

ational Parks in Wyoming,California,the Virgin Islands,Vermont,Maine and Hawaii.As an active member of the Palisade Interstate Parkway Commission, he helped create a chain of parks that blocked the advance of sprawl,thus m aintaining the majestic view that he first saw as a child looking out from K ykuit,the Rockefeller country home in Pocantico.

His commitment to wilderness,recreation and environmental conservation had m any roots.

Since childhood he liked to ride hrses through unspoiled terrain.He was a pass

ionate photographer in search of new landscapes.Even before Laurance reache d adulthood the Rockefellers had included parks among their many philanthrop ic projects.

Laurance was born on May26,1910.As Laurance matured he came to more closel y resemble his grandfather than did any other family member,having the same pursed and seemingly serious expression that John D.Rockefeller often show ed in photographs.According to family accounts he was also the one who most closely revealed his grandfather’s ability for profitable deals.54.Paragraph1suggests that Laurance Ro ckefeller was a man who is_________. A.full of social responsibility

B.famous but short-lived

C.successful in many fields

D.zealous in s ocial activities

55.We can learn that,in making investments,Laurance Rockefeller was very_ ________. A.cold-hearted B.close-fisted C.far-sighted D.half -witted

https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,pared with his two brothers,Laurance_________. A.often relied o n himself B.rarely appeared in public C.rarely voiced his opinions

D.often worried about his wealth

57.The word“instrumental”(boldfaced in Para4)in this context can be replaced by“_________.”

A.generous

B.strategic

C.resolute

D.important

https://www.360docs.net/doc/031617129.html,urance’s childhood experience led him later to make significant contributions to__ _______.

A.the building of national parks

B.the enlargement of urban areas

C.the perfection of his hometown

D.the popularization of horse riding

59.According to the passage,Laurance resembled his grandfather in having__ _______. A.a contribution to public good B.a talent of making money

C.a passion for wilderness

D.a bias against political affairs

Passage Five

The first three days of July1863saw the bloodiest hours of the Civil War,i n a battle that spilled across the fields and hills surrounding Gettysburg, Pa.The fighting climaxed in the bright,hot afternoon of the third day,whe n more than11,000Confederate soldiers mounted a disastrous assault on the heart of the Union line.That assault marked the farthest the South would p enetrate into Union territory.In a much larger sense,it marked the turning point of the war.

No surprise,then,than the Battle of Gettysburg would become the subject of songs,poems,funeral monuments and,ultimately,some of the biggest paintin gs ever displayed on this continent.Paul Philippoteaux,famed for his massi ve360-degree cyclorama paintings,painted four versions of the battle in the 1880s.Cycloramas were hugely popular in the United States in the last deca des of the19th century,before movies displaced them in the public’

s affection.Conceived on a mammoth scale,a cyclorama painting was longer t han a football field and almost50feet tall.Little thought was given to pr eserving these enormous works of art.They were commercial ventures,and whe n they stopped earning they were tossed.Most were ultimately lost-victims o

f water damage or fire.One of Philippoteaux’

s Gettysburg renderings was cut up and hung in panels in a Newark,N.J.,d epartment store before finding its way back to Gettysburg,where it has been displayed off and on since1913.Along the way,the painting lost most of it s sky and a few feet off the bottom.Sections since1913.Along the way,the painting lost most of its sky and a few feet off the bottom.Sections were cut and moved to patch holes in other sections.And some of the restorative efforts proved almost as crippling to the original as outright neglect.Sinc e2003,a team of conservators has labored in a$12million effort to restore

Philippoteaux’s masterwork.They have cleaned it front and back,patched it,added canvas for a new shy and returned the painting to its original shape-a key part of

a cyclorama’

s optical illusion was its hyperbolic shape:it bellies out at its central p oint,thrusting the image toward the viewer.

When restoration is completed later this year,the painting will be the cente rpiece of the new Gettysburg battlefield visitors’center,which opens to th

e public on April14.Much work remains to be done.But even partially resto

red,the painting seethes with life-and death.

60.With respect to the Battle of Gettysburg,Paragraph1mainly emphasizes_

________. A.the reason for its occurrence B.the significance of the battle C.the place where it broke out D.the bloodiness of the battle

61.To the author,that Gettysburg Battle got reflected in many art works is

_________. A.reasonable B.meaningful C.necessary

D.impressive

62.We can infer that cyclorama paintings_________. A.has regained thei

r popularity since1913 B.were mostly destroyed by the Civil War C.mor

e often than not lost than gained money D.had been popular before movies

came in

63.Work done to restore the Philippoteaux’

s painting already began_________. A.before1900 B.after1913 C.

in2003

D.at its birth

64.According to the author,some previous efforts to restore the Philippotea

ux’s painting turned out to be_________.

A.time consuming

B.fruitless

C.destructive

D.a waste of money

65.What is true of the present state of the Philippoteaux’

s Gettysburg rendering? A.It is illusory in depiction. B.It is a perf ect restoration. C.It is a modified version.

D.It is incredibly lifelike.

Section B(20minutes,10points)

Directions:In each of the following passages,five sentences have been remov ed from the original text.They are listed from A to F and put below the passage.Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks(numb ered66to75).For each passage,there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Advertising is paid,nonpersonal communication that is designed to communicat e in a creative manner,through the use of mass or information-directed medi a,the nature of products,services,and ideas.It is a form of persuasive c ommunication that offers information about products,ideas,and services tha t serves the objectives determined by the advertiser.66Thus,the ultim ate objective of advertising is to sell things persuasively and creatively. Advertising is used by commercial firms trying to sell products and services;

by politicians and political interest groups to sell ideas or persuade vote rs;by not-for-profit organizations to raise funds,solicit volunteers,or i nfluence the actions of viewers;and by governments seeking to encourage or discourage particular activities,such as wearing seatbelts,participating i n the census,or ceasing to smoke.67The visual and verbal commercia l messages that are a part of advertising are intended to attract attention and produce some response by the viewer.Advertising is pervasive and virtua lly impossible to escape.Newspapers and magazines often have more advertise ments than copy;radio and television provide entertainment but are also lad en with advertisements;advertisements pop up on Internet sites;and the mai l brings a variety of advertisements.68In shopping malls,there are pr ominent logos on designer clothes,moviegoers regularly view advertisements for local restaurants,hair salons,and so on,and live sporting and cultura l events often include signage,logos,products,and related information abo ut the event sponsors.69

Although the primary objective of advertising is to persuade,it may achieve this objective in many different ways.An important function of advertising is the identification function,that is,to identify a product and different iate it from others;this creates an awareness of the product and provides a basis for consumers to choose the advertised product over other products.

70The third function of advertising is to induce consumers to try new pr oducts and to suggest reuse of the product as well as new uses;this is the persuasion function.

A.Another function of advertising is to communicate information about the pr oduct,its attributes,and its location of sale;this is the information fun ction.

B.The forms that advertising takes and the media in which advertisements app ear are as varied as the advertisers themselves and the messages that they w ish to deliver.

C.An especially important issue in the creation of advertising is related to

understanding how much information consumers want about a given product. D.Advertising may influence consumers in many different ways,but the primar y goal of advertising is to increase the probability that consumers exposed to an advertisement will behave or believe as the advertiser wishes.

E.Advertising also exists on billboards along the freeway,in subway and tra in stations,on benches at bus stops,and on the frames around car license p lates.

F.The pervasiveness of advertising and its creative elements are designed to

cause viewers to take note.

Passage Two

Few numbers tell a happier story than those that measure life expectancy.An American born in1900could expect to live47years.Thanks to colossal impr ovements in sanitation and medicine,that figure is now75for men and80fo r women.71

So it is both alarming and surprising when life expectancy falls,even for a small part of the population.Yet that is what some researchers at Harvard h ave found.They looked at death rates by county,having corrected for migrat ion and merged sparsely populated ones so that America’s3,141counties became2,068“county units.”

72But between1983and1999,it fell significantly(by about a year)for w omen in180county units,and stagnated in another783.Men fared less poorl y:their life expectancy fell significantly in only11county units,and stag nated in another48.

Put differently,life expectancy appears to have either stagnated or fallen s lightly for some4%of American men and19%of women.The main culprits are diseases linked to smoking or obesity,such as lung cancer and diabetes.73

Majid Ezzati,one of the study’s authors,says it is too soon to say.An optimist would point out that wome n took up smoking later than men.It was not until after the Second World Wa r that they started puffing at anything like the male rate.The increase of poor women now dying of lung cancer may be a hangover from the end of the ta boo on female smoking.74

A pessimist would reply that the other big killer,obesity,keeps spreading, especially among the poor.“We’ve been saying for ages that it must have peaked,but it keeps going up,”s ays Dr Ezzati.Two decades ago,no state had an obesity rate above15%.Now, 22have passed the25%mark.75Neither is getting any smaller.

A.For most Americans,life expectancy continues merrily to rise.

B.And t he poorest Americans have gained the most：blacks,for example,live more more than twice as long now as they did a cen tury ago.

C.Even though smoking takes an average of14.5years off women’

s lives,almost one in five American women age18and older smokes.

D.The counties where life expectancy has fallen are nearly all in the South

or Appalachia,where huge deep-fried portions are the norm and waistlines ar

e among America’s widest.

E.But both sexes have quit in large numbers since the1970s,so the death to

ll may fall in the future,

F.The crucial question is whether this represents a pause or the start of a

trend.PAPER TWO

PART IV TRANSLATION(30minutes,15points)

Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlin ed segments into Chinese.Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.

Steve Jobs is an entrepreneur.And that is how history will long remember him.

Not primarily as a fiduciary or an institution builder or an administrator, but rather as an individual who relentlessly pursued new opportunities.(1) From the first Apple computers to the breakthrough innovations of the past e ight years,he has chased new possibilities without being discouraged by wha tever obstacle he encountered.Over and over again he has turned his eye and his energy-and at times,it has seemed,his entire being-to what might be g ained by creating a new offering or taking an unorthodox strategic path.

(2)That puts him in the company of great entrepreneurs of the past two centur

ies,each of whom-and especially Steve Jobs has been defined by the intense drive,tireless curiosity,and keen commercial imagination.That has allowed them to see products and industries and possibilities that might be.(3)Ea ch of these individuals has also been extremely hardworking,demanding of themselves and others.All have been compelled more by the significance of thei r own vision than by their doubts.

(4)Jobs came of age in a moment of far-reaching economic,social,and technol

ogical change that we now call the Information Revolution.He has had a sens e-analytic and intuitive-that in a time of great transformation,a lot is up for grabs.Imbued with a perception of his own importance on a stage where everything from telephony to music distribution to consumers’relationships with technology is being disrupted,Jobs felt there was simply no time to lo se.

(5)This understanding has fueled the rapid-fire pace of his actions and his o

bsession with“What's nest?”in products,which may have also fed his often harsh,dictatorial,and somehow still-inspiring management style.

PARTⅤWRITING(40minutes,20points)

Directions:Write an essay of no less than200words on the topic given below.

Use the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ.TOPIC

“To get success,you need friends;to get huge success,you need enemies.”Do you agree with this saying or not?Why or why not?