汽车专业英语Chapter 1 Automobile Basics
电器系统为起动机、点火系、照明和加热设备 提供电流。电流的大小由充电电路来维持。
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Questions
(1) List the main parts of an automobile. (2) Which systems does a chassis include, and what
Suspension
(4) The purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road shocks and vibrations, which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load. It must also keep the tires in contact with the road regardless of road surface.
当今的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互 配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类： 车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Body
(2) The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.
are the main functions of the chassis?
(3) Why are suspension systems used on vehicles?
Automotive Engineering English
Steering system: controlling the direction of moment. Suspension system: absorbing the road shocks.
Braking system: slowing down the vehicle.
Power train system: conveying the drive to the wheels.
Disc brakes
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Electrical system
(6) The electrical system supplies electricity for the
starter, ignition, lights and heater. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.
Roadster 跑车 Racing car 赛车 Trailer 拖车/挂车 Tipper 自卸车 Taxi 出租车 Tractor＝prime mover [美] 牵引车 Cross country vehicle 越野车 SUV ＝ Sports Utility Vehicle 运动型多用途车 MPV＝Multi Purpose Vehicle 多用途车 RV ＝ Recreation Vehicle 休闲车
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
(1) Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。
内燃机是最常见的，其动力来自气缸里液体燃料 的燃烧。发动机有汽油机和柴油机两种，都称为 热机。燃料燃烧产生热量，使得气缸内气体压力 升高，从而提供动力带动连接变速器的轴旋转.
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Chassis
Clutch Transmission Drive shaft Final drive Differential gear Driving axles 离合器 变速器 传动轴 主减速器或后桥 差速器 驱动轴
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
在鼓式制动器上，制动鼓和轮毂连接，通过制动 蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制 动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘，被紧紧夹在两个制 动块之间。
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Drum brakes
Automotive Engineering English
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Engine
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
(3)The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline and diesel . Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission .
整个悬架系统的作用是隔离来自路 面的冲击和振动对车身的影响,防 止它们传递给乘客和货物。另外不 论路面如何,悬架系统都应该保持 轮胎和路面的接触。
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Braking
(5) Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. torsion
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics The consist of an automobile
Body Engine Electrical system
Braking
Power train Suspension
Running Gear
Steering
Chassis
Automotive Engineering English
Sedan [美] = saloon 轿车 Coupe （单排座）双门小汽车 Hatchback 有仓门式后背的汽车 Wagon 四轮马车, 货车 Station Wagon 旅行车 Van 大篷车，运货车
Goods Carrying Vehicle 运货车
Pick-up ＝ Utility 皮卡 Convertible 敞篷车 Truck 卡车 Jeep 吉普车 Bus 公共汽车 Coach 长途客车
车身的设计要保证乘客安全舒适。车身的款 式使得汽车看起来迷人、亮丽和时尚。
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Qu.2:How many kinds of vehicle according to body styling?
汽车专业英语术语汇总(复习资料)
UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICSBody：车身chassis：底盘stream-lined：流线wind resistance：风阻Frame：车架the power train：传动系统the drive train：驱动系a unitized body：承载式车身unibody：整体式汽车车身suspension system：悬架系统steering system：转向系统braking system（制动系统）suspension system：悬架系统shock absorber：减振器control arm：控制臂、导向机构steering gears：转向器steering wheel：转向盘idler arm：随动臂tie rods：横拉杆power steering：动力转向Power booster：助力器master cylinder：制动主缸Disc brake：盘式制动drum brake：鼓式制动Brake pedal：制动踏板brake system：制动系统stopping power：制动力Hydraulic brakes：液压制动brake pedal：制动踏板brake fluid：制动液brake lines：制动管路cylinders：轮缸brake shoes：制动蹄drum：制动鼓disc brake：盘式制动器pliers：老虎钳squeeze：挤进，握紧；夹紧rotating disc：旋转制动盘Drum brake：鼓式制动器gasoline-burning piston engine：活塞式汽油发动机Diesel-fuel burning engines：柴油发动机Fuel system：供给系统exhaust system：排气系统Cooling system：冷却系统lubrication system：润滑系统ignition system：点火系统electric spark：电火花air-fuel mixture：可燃混合气cylinder：汽缸ignition switch：点火开关current：电流storage battery：蓄电池ignition coil：点火线圈Distributor：分电器spark plug：火花塞compression ignition engines：压燃式发动机charging circuit：充电电路regulator：电压调节器alternator (or generator)：发电机mechanical energy：机械能electrical energy：电能maximum voltage：最大电压fuel system：燃料供给系统fuel pump：燃油泵Filter：滤清器carburetor：化油器fuel injection system：燃油喷射系统combustible mixture：可燃混合气manifold：进气管exhaust system：排气系统carbon monoxide：一氧化碳hydrocarbons（碳氢化合物）oxides of nitrogen：氮氧化合物emission control system：排放控制系统cooling system：冷却系统combustion chamber：燃烧室coolant：冷却液Radiator：散热器water pump：水泵hollow：空的、空洞的block：汽缸体head：汽缸盖Defroster：（除冰(或霜)装置）Lubrication system润滑系统lubricant：润滑剂piston rings：活塞环cylinder walls：汽缸壁oil filter：机油滤清器Transmission：变速器wheel bearings：车轮轴承differential：差速器steering linkage：转向链接机构power train：传动系统transmission：变速器shift lever：变速杆clutch：离合器Transmission：变速器torque：转矩Differential：差速器drive /propeller shaft：传动轴universal joints：万向节axle movement：轴向运动flexible universal joints：活动万向节Differential：差速器UNIT 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEinternal combustion engine：内燃机liquefied petroleum gas（LPG）：液化石油气Compressed natural gas(CNG)：压缩天然气drive shaft：驱动轴rear-wheel-drive arrangement：后轮驱动布置形式front-wheel-drive arrangement：前轮驱动布置形式drive wheels：驱动轮mid-engine arrangement：发动机中置Pistons：活塞reciprocate：往复spark ignition engine：火花点燃式发动机compression ignition(CI) engine：压燃式发动机electric ignition system：电子点火系统spark plug：火花塞ignite：点燃cylinders：气缸combustion：燃烧compression-ignition engine：压燃式发动机diesel engine：柴油机Spray：喷入heavy-duty trucks：重型货车spark-ignition engine：火花点燃式发动机fuel system：燃料供给系统ignition system：点火系统lubricating system：润滑系统cooling system：冷却系统fuel system：燃料供给系统combustible mixture：可燃混合物air/fuel mixture：空气燃料混合气ignition system：点火系统spark plug：火花塞air/fuel mixture：可燃混合气lubricating oil：润滑油lubricating system：润滑系统oil pump：机油泵reservoir：贮存器; 油箱exhaust gas：排气cooling system：冷却系统exhaust system：排气系统emission-control system：排放控制系统starting system：启动系统Crank：转动曲柄starting motor：启动马达internal combustion engine：内燃机chemical energy：化学能heat energy：热能mechanical energy：机械能air/fuel ratio：空燃比Diesel engines：柴油机intake：进气connecting rod：连杆crankshaft：曲轴reciprocating movement/back and forth movement/up and down movement（往复运动）rotary motion/ turning motion：（旋转运动）crankshaft：曲轴Efficiency：效率potential energy：潜能mechanical energy：机械能overall efficiency：总效率compression ratio：压缩比air/fuel ratio：空燃比uppermost position/(TDC, top dead center：上止点lowest position/BDC, bottom dead center：下止点stroke：行程four stroke-cycle Gasoline Engine：intake stroke：进气行程compression stroke：压缩行程power stroke：作功行程exhaust stroke：排气行程revolution：转、圈connecting rod：连杆intake valve：进气门camshaft：凸轮轴pressure difference：压力差air/fuel mixture：空气/燃料混合气compression ratio：压缩比TDC：上止点exhaust valve：排气门exhaust gases：废气starter motor：启动马达ignition key：点火钥匙start position：启动位置Flywheel：飞轮UNIT 3 AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICATION SYSTEM （汽车润滑系统）3.1 Lubrication Principles 润滑原理Friction：摩擦primary job：基本任务Residual oil：残留的机油Lubricant：滑润剂hydrodynamic：液力的oil adhesion：机油粘度sliding friction：滑动摩擦Pressure-Lubrication System压力润滑系统oil pan：油底壳block：汽缸体oil pump：油泵drain plug：放油螺塞oil-pan gasket：油底壳垫圈Passageway：油道oil filter：机油滤清器Crankcase：曲轴箱tube：管filter screen：滤网gear-type：齿轮泵rotor-type：转子泵full-flow filtering system：全流式滤清器pressure-relief valve：安全阀bypass valve：旁通阀camshaft（凸轮轴）main bearing：主轴承camshaft bearing：凸轮轴轴承Foam inhibitor：泡沫抑制剂UNIT 4 THE COOLING SYSTEM（冷却系统）exhaust system：排气系统cylinder wall：汽缸壁piston：活塞cylinder head：汽缸盖oil film：油膜fuel mileage：燃油经济性exhaust emissions：废气排放liquid cooling：水冷air cooling：风冷water jacket：水套thermostat：节温器water pump：水泵radiator：散热器radiator cap：散热器盖cooling fan：冷却风扇hoses：软管expansion tank：膨胀水箱overflow tank：溢流水箱4.1 Water Pump（水泵）centrifugal pump：离心泵centrifugal force：离心力4.2 Water Jacket（水套）hot spot：热点valve seat：气门座valve guide：气门导管cylinder wall：汽缸壁combustion chamber：燃烧室4.3 Radiator（散热器）heat exchanger：热交换器4.4 Pressure Cap（散热器盖）boiling point：沸点pressure release valve：减压阀, 安全阀overflow tube：溢流管overflow tank：溢流箱4.5 Thermostat（节温器）4.6 Fancooling fan：冷却风扇constant temperature：常温thermostatic switch：温控开关UNIT 5 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMFuel injection system：燃油喷射系统purely mechanical：纯机械的electronic fuel injection system：电子燃油喷射系统feedback control：反馈控制emission：排放solenoid valve：电磁阀injector：喷油器best power：最佳动力性best emission：最佳排放性best economy：最佳经济性rich condition：浓（混合气）工况lean condition：稀（混合气）工况5.3 Fuel System（燃油系统）fuel rail：油轨regulator：压力调节器return line：回油管fuel manifold：燃油歧管intake manifold：进气歧管5.4 Air Metering and Measurement 空气计量butterfly valve：传统碟形阀throttle body assembly：节气门体总成Mass Airflow：质量流量Speed Density：速度密度spring loaded flap：翼片potentiometer：电位计heated wire：加热电阻丝voltage signal：电压信号5.5 Most EFI systems measure the same basic 6 input大多数EFI系统检测6个基本输入（信号）RPM(转速)ignition coil：点火线圈magnetic sensor：磁脉冲传感器Hall effect sensor：霍尔效应传感器Manifold Pressure (进气歧管压力)Throttle Position （节气门位置）Water Temperatureinjector pulse width：喷油器脉冲宽度Air Temperature5.6 Oxygen Sensor（氧传感器）closed loop systems：闭环系统oxygen content：氧含量air/fuel ratio：空燃比open loop mode：开环模式UNIT 6 EXHAUST SYSTEMexhaust system：排气系统Exhaust gas：废气combustion chamber：燃烧室muffler：消声器catalytic converter：催化转换器6.2 The Muffler(消声器)backpressure：背压exhaust valve：排气门6.3 The Exhaust Manifold and Headerexhaust manifold：排气歧管cylinder head：气缸盖intake manifold：进气歧管UNIT 7 THE IGNITION SYSTEM(点火系统) breaker point type ignition system：触点型点火系统electronic ignition system：电子点火系统distributorless ignition system：无分电器点火系统）timing of the spark plug firing：火花塞点火次序spark plug gap：火花塞间隙7.1 Point-Type Ignition System（触点型点火系统）electrical circuit：电路primary circuit：初级回路secondary circuit：次级回路breaker point：触点ignition switch：点火开关secondary winding：次级线圈high-tension lead：高压导线distributor：分电器coil：点火线圈distributor cap：分电器盖distributor rotor：分火头controlling element：控制元件primary current：初级电流Distributor：配电器7.2 Electronic Ignition Systems（电子点火系统）electronic control module：电子控制模块7.3 Distributorless Ignition Systems (DIS) （无分电器点火系统）spark timing：点火正时Ignition Control Unit (ICU)：点火控制单元Engine Control Unit (ECU)：发动机控制单元firing order：点火顺序Top Dead Center (TDC)：上止点UNIT 8 CLUTCHdrive line/drive train：传动系统Clutch：离合器transmission：变速器drive shaft：传动轴final drive assembly：主减速器总成clutch disc：离合器片pressure plate：压盘pressure plate cover：离合器盖friction mechanism：摩擦机构engine torque：发动机扭矩gear ratio：传动比clutch pedal：离合器踏板driven member：从动件transmission input shaft：变速器输入轴driving members：主动件crankshaft：曲轴torsional shock：扭转振动starter motor：启动马达splined hub：花键毂spline：花键diaphragm spring：膜片弹簧centrifugal force：离心力release bearing：分离轴承disengagement mechanism：分离机构hydraulic system：液压系统hydraulic mechanism：液压机构clutch master cylinder：离合器主缸hydraulic fluid：制动液clutch release cylinder：离合器分离缸UNIT 9 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION（自动变速器）fluid coupling（液力偶合器）torque converter（变矩器rear wheel drive（后轮驱动）front wheel drive（前轮驱动）.drive shaft（驱动轴）final drive（主减速器）rear axle（后轴）rear wheels（后轮）transaxle（驱动桥）Front axles（前桥）planetary gear sets（行星齿轮组）9.1hydraulic system（液力系统）9.2Planetary gear sets（行星齿轮组）sun gear（太阳轮）ring gear（齿圈）planet gears（行星轮）constant mesh（常啮合common carrier（行星架）input shaft（输入轴）output shaft（输出轴）9.2 Clutch pack（离合器组）clutch drum（离合器鼓）friction material(摩擦材料)9.3 One-Way Clutch（单向离合器）"sprag" clutch（超越离合器）neutral（空挡）9.4 Bands（制动带）9.5 Torque Converter（液力变矩器）（见阅读材料）Torque Converter（液力变矩器）manual transmission：自动变速器automatic transmission：自动变速器brake pedal：制动踏板gas pedal：加速踏板1. Pump（泵轮）.2. Turbine（涡轮）.3. Stator（导轮）.4. Transmission fluid（传动液）. Freewheel：自由轮lockup clutch：锁止离合器UNIT 10 THE DIFFERENTIAL（差速器）unlimited-slip, differential：不防滑差速器10.1 The Main Gears(主减速器)bevel gear：锥齿轮axle shaft：半轴final drive assembly：主减速器总成gear reduction：减速drive wheel：驱动轮drive shaft：传动轴spiral bevel gear：螺旋锥齿轮center line（centerline）：中心线10.2 The Differential System(差速系统) axle shaft：半轴side gear：半轴齿轮UNIT 11 BRAKE SYSTEM（制动系统）kinetic energy：惯性能量momentum：动量thermal energy (heat)：热能master cylinder：主缸brake pedal：制动踏板mechanical pressure：机械压力hydraulic pressure：液体压力brake line：制动管brake hose：制动软管slave cylinder：轮缸Brake fluid：制动液Shoe：制动蹄pad：制动块drums：制动鼓rotor：制动盘disk brake：盘式制动器drum brakes：鼓式制动器caliper：制动嵌brake shoe：制动蹄friction lining：摩擦衬片friction surface：摩擦表面emergency brake：紧急制动Power brake booster：动力制动助力器master cylinder：制动主缸brake pedal：制动踏板hydraulic actuator：液压传动机构wheel speed sensor：车轮速度传感器UNIT 14 ABS AND TCS14.1 Braking System Fundamentals, master cylinder：主缸wheel cylinders：轮缸caliper pistons：制动钳活塞rolling energy：旋转能量14.2 Antilock Braking Systems(防抱死制动系统)retarding force：制动力percent slip滑移率braking effectiveness：制动效能wheel speed sensors (WSS)：车轮速度传感器。
汽车英语01汽车基本知识PPT课件
目录
1. UNIT ONE AUTOMOBILE BASICS 2. UNIT TWO ENGINE 3. UNIT THREE POWER TRAIN 4. UNIT FOUR STEERING 5. UNIT FIVE BRAKING 6. UNIT SIX ELECTRIC SYSTEM
TEXT C
How Automobiles Work
UNIT ONE
AUTOMOBILE BASICS
学习目标
了解汽车的基本知识，掌握有关 词汇、词组 掌握汽车英语的习惯表达方式 能查阅与汽车英语有关的英文资料
UNIT ONE
AUTOMOBILE BASICS
能力目标
会使用汽车词典 会查找相关资料
目录
7. UNIT SEVEN BODY 8. NEW WORDS EXPRESSIONS 9. GLOSSARY
UNIT ONE
AUTOMOBILE BASICS
TEXT A
What Is an Automobile
TEXT B
The Basic Components of an Automobile
TEXT B
What Is an Automobile
TEXT B
The Basic Components of an Automobile
发动机：使燃料燃烧而发出动力的动力装置。 传动装置：将发动机输出的动力传给驱动车轮 的装置。 行驶和控制装置：支撑全车并保证汽车正常行 驶的装置。 车身：是驾驶员工作和装载乘客、货物的场所。 电气设备：汽车照明、信号装置等。
TEXT B
The Basic Components of an Automobile
汽车专业英语 (1)
1.6
Air intake and exhaust systems
The air intake and exhaust systems get clean air into the engine and remove the dirty exhaust gases from the combustion chamber with minimum pollution. The engines use the sophisticated duct and exhaust pipe to do this.
2.2
Suspension system
The purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road shocks and vibrations ， which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load. It must also keep the tire in contact with the road regardless of road surface.
Unit 1 Automotive Basics
Lesson 1
Fundamentals of Automobile
The modern automobile contains more than 15000 separate individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: engine、chassis、body and electrical equipment.
汽车专业英语
Unit 1AUTOMOTIVE BASICS1、The body is the enclosure that house the engine,passenger,and cargo.车身对发动机、乘客和货物能够起到保护作用。
2、An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows,door,a hood,and a trunk deck built into it.……（1.1第一段）汽车车身是一个上面装有车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李箱盖的壳体类薄钢板零件。
车身对发动机、乘客和货物能够起到保护作用。
车身的设计应能保证乘客安全而舒适。
车身的造型使汽车具有引人注目、丰富多彩、充满现代气息的外表。
车身的流线型减小了空气阻力，并在行车时防止车辆横摆。
3、The chassis is an……（1.2第一段1、2句）底盘总成包括一辆汽车的主要工作系统，这些系统包括传动系统、悬架系统、转向系统和制动系统。
4、It is made from tough steel sections welded,riveted,or bolted together.它是由坚硬的钢铁部分焊接、铆接、或被锁在一起。
5、It forms a foundation for the car body and the parts of the several systems.它形成了一个汽车车身部件与多个系统的基础。
6、The front and rear wheels are attched to the chassis by a suspension system.前轮和后轮的钢条帮底盘是由一个悬架系统。
7、As the brake pedal is pushed with foot,brake fluid is forced though brake lines into cylinders that press the brake shoes against a drum.随着用脚推刹车踏板,制动液迫使制动液压入汽缸的制动蹄摩擦一个鼓。
汽车专业英语_Unit 1_automotive_basics讲解
Power train动力系统
Steering 转向
Chassis
Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。
Hood：发动机罩 bonnet 软帽 Trunk deck：行李箱盖 Trunk / boot：行李箱 靴子 Luggage：行李 baggage Cargo：货物 goods
汽车车身由金属薄板外壳和窗户、车门、发动机罩、 行李箱盖等组成。汽车车身为发动机、乘员和货物提 供了保护。
The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. ThAeirbbaogdy styling provides an attractive, colorful, moderns appearance for the vehicle.
The body of commercial vehicles that transport
Mini cooper
1934 Citroën Traction Avant
A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof. There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles.
车辆工程专业英语核心词汇总汇
Unit 1 Automobile Basicsspare wheel 备胎lubricate 润滑（名词是lubrication）gearbox 变速箱frame 车架transmission 变速器hood 发动机罩（=bonnet）→ decklid = trunklid 行李箱盖chassis ['ʃæsi] 底盘crankshaft 曲轴carburetor [,kɑːbjʊ'retə] 化油器spark plug 火花塞clutch 离合器driveshaft 传动轴drive train 传动链petroleum [pə'trolɪəm] 石油propane 丙烷gasohol 酒精混合燃料Unit 2 Bodiesbracket 支架labyrinth ['læbərɪnθ]迷宫cross-member 横梁interposition 干涉steering wheel 方向盘three-box car 三厢车hinge 铰链bumper 保险杠windshield 挡风玻璃windshield wiper 雨刮器interior trim 内饰instrument panel = dashboard 仪表盘safety belt 安全带unibody 承载式车身rubber bush 橡胶衬套vibration 振动ancillary 辅助的stress 应力fender 翼子板curb weight 整备质量intake duct 进气道fatigue 疲劳demist 除雾loudspeaker 扬声器Unit 3 Engines.sprocket 链齿轮cylinder 汽缸connecting rod 连杆valve 气门camshaft 凸轮轴lifter 挺杆rocker arm 摇臂valve train 配气机构Unit 4 Fuel Systemclamp 夹具fuel rail 油轨intake manifold 进气歧管exhaust manifold 排气歧管throttle 节气门squirt 喷射hothouse 温室Unit 5 Electric Systemcircuit 电路coil 线圈ignition 点火alternator 发电机ammeter 安培计voltage regulator 稳压器insulation 绝缘distributor 分电器transistor 晶体管fuse 保险relay 继电器headlights 大灯dome light 顶灯fog lamp 雾灯dash 仪表板halogen 卤素filament 灯丝LED（Light Emitting Diodes）发光二极管Unit 6 Cooling and Lubricating Systems wear 磨损contamination 污染coolant 冷却液radiator 散热器thermostat 节温器grill 格栅，进风口centrifugal force 离心力centripetal force 向心力boiling point 沸点overflow tube 溢流管wax 蜡oil filter 机油滤清器oil pan 油底壳oil galleries 油孔sealing 密封nozzle 喷嘴meshing gear 啮合齿轮bearing 轴承horsepower 马力Unit 7 Exhaust and Emission Control System header pipe 集气管three-way catalytic converter 三元催化转化器catalyst 催化剂muffler 消音器hanger 挂钩heat shield 隔热板heavy-duty 耐用的，重负荷的fume 烟hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物evaporate 蒸发（名词后缀是-ion）additive 添加剂coupling 连接器gasket 垫圈odorless 无味的positive crankcase ventilation 曲轴箱强制通风grove 沟槽oil dipstick 油尺vacuum valve 真空阀charcoal canister 活性炭阀idle speed 怠速EGR（Exhaust Gas Recirculation）废气再循环platinum 铂palladium 钯rhodium 铑ceramic 陶瓷的honeycomb 蜂窝状Unit 8 Suspension System, Steering System and Brake System passenger cars/vehicles 乘用车commercial cars/vehicles 商用车bump 路面凸起alignment 校准steering knuckle 转向节swivel 旋转spring 弹簧（sprite 雪碧）ball joint 球型接头shock absorber = damper 减震器bounce 谈起bushing 衬套non-independent suspension 非独立悬架recirculating call steering systems 循环球式转向器rack-and-pinion steering systems 齿轮齿条式转向器lorry 货车（也有卡车的意思）truck 卡车worm gear 涡轮蜗杆机构steering linkage 转向连杆steering column 柱pitman arm 转向摇臂track rod 转向横拉杆idler arm 随动臂sleeve 衬套master cylinder 制动主缸lever 杠杆brake booster 制动助力器engine compartment 发动机舱housing 外壳，壳体malfunction 故障，失灵cable 线缆caliper 卡钳brake pads 摩擦片hub 轮毂squeeze 压缩brake shoe 制动蹄Unit 9 Drive Trains and Axlesdrive axles 驱动桥MT（Manual Transmission）手动变速器AT（Automatic Transmission）自动变速器CVT（Continuously Variable Transmission）无级变速器stationary 静态的release bearing 分离轴承clutch fork 离合器拨叉pressure plate 压盘tension 张力hydraulic circuit 液压回路throw-out bearing = release bearing 分离轴承torque converter 液力变矩器friction 摩擦synchronizer 同步器shift linkage 换挡连杆机构turbine 涡轮stator 导轮planet gears 行星齿轮planet gear carrier 行星架ring gear 齿圈slip yoke 滑动叉differential 差速器axle housing 桥壳unsprung weight 簧下质量sprung weight 簧上质量Unit 10 Safety, Security and Navigation Systems occupant = passenger乘员buckle 安全带插扣impact 碰撞regulatory 法规nylon 尼龙stiffness 刚度abrasion 磨损kinetic 运动学的inertia 惯性trigger 触发器resister 电阻GPS（Global Positioning System）全球定位系统补充：assembly line装配线stabilizer bar横向稳定杆cylinder block 气缸体cast iron/aluminium 铸铁/铝turbocharge 涡轮增压supercharge 机械增压exhaust pipe 排气管displacement排量compression ratio压缩比valve overlap 气门重叠thrust washer 止推垫圈.ductile iron 球墨铸铁constant velocity joint 等速万向节SUV（Sport Utility Vehicle）运动型多功能车常见品牌：Toyota 丰田Honda 本田Nissan 日产Mazda 马自达Lexus 雷克萨斯Suzuki 铃木Mitsubishi 三菱General Motors 通用Cadillac 凯迪拉克Lincoln 林肯Ford 福特Chrysler 克莱斯勒Corvette 克尔维特Mercedes [mə'sidi:z] Benz梅赛德斯-奔驰Volkswagen 大众Audi 奥迪.Rolls Royce 劳斯莱斯Bentley 宾利Ferrari 法拉利Maserati 玛莎拉蒂Aston Martin 阿斯顿马丁Jaguar 捷豹Porsche 保时捷Lamborghini 兰博基尼Koenigsegg 柯尼塞格Bugatti 布加迪Pagani 帕加尼Alfa Romeo 阿尔法罗密欧Volvo 沃尔沃Lotus 莲花Renault 雷诺Hyundai 现代Peugeot 标志Opel 欧宝Fiat 菲亚特Skoda 斯柯达Citroen 雪铁龙Dodge 道奇.。
(完整版)车辆工程专业英语核心词汇总汇
Unit 1 Automobile Basicsspare wheel 备胎lubricate 润滑（名词是lubrication）gearbox 变速箱frame 车架transmission 变速器hood 发动机罩（=bonnet）→ decklid = trunklid 行李箱盖chassis ['ʃæsi]底盘crankshaft 曲轴carburetor [,kɑːbjʊ'retə]化油器spark plug 火花塞clutch 离合器driveshaft 传动轴drive train 传动链petroleum [pə'trolɪəm]石油propane 丙烷gasohol 酒精混合燃料Unit 2 Bodiesbracket 支架labyrinth ['læbərɪnθ]迷宫cross-member 横梁interposition 干涉steering wheel 方向盘three-box car 三厢车hinge 铰链bumper 保险杠windshield 挡风玻璃windshield wiper 雨刮器interior trim 内饰instrument panel = dashboard 仪表盘safety belt 安全带unibody 承载式车身rubber bush 橡胶衬套vibration 振动ancillary 辅助的stress 应力fender 翼子板curb weight 整备质量intake duct 进气道fatigue 疲劳demist 除雾loudspeaker 扬声器Unit 3 Enginessprocket 链齿轮cylinder 汽缸connecting rod 连杆valve 气门camshaft 凸轮轴lifter 挺杆rocker arm 摇臂valve train 配气机构Unit 4 Fuel System clamp 夹具fuel rail 油轨intake manifold 进气歧管exhaust manifold 排气歧管throttle 节气门squirt 喷射hothouse 温室Unit 5 Electric System circuit 电路coil 线圈ignition 点火alternator 发电机ammeter 安培计voltage regulator 稳压器insulation 绝缘distributor 分电器transistor 晶体管fuse 保险relay 继电器headlights 大灯dome light 顶灯fog lamp 雾灯dash 仪表板halogen 卤素filament 灯丝LED（Light Emitting Diodes）发光二极管Unit 6 Cooling and Lubricating Systems wear 磨损contamination 污染coolant 冷却液radiator 散热器thermostat 节温器grill 格栅，进风口centrifugal force 离心力centripetal force 向心力boiling point 沸点overflow tube 溢流管wax 蜡oil filter 机油滤清器oil pan 油底壳oil galleries 油孔sealing 密封nozzle 喷嘴meshing gear 啮合齿轮bearing 轴承horsepower 马力Unit 7 Exhaust and Emission Control System header pipe 集气管three-way catalytic converter 三元催化转化器catalyst 催化剂muffler 消音器hanger 挂钩heat shield 隔热板heavy-duty 耐用的，重负荷的fume 烟hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物evaporate 蒸发（名词后缀是-ion）additive 添加剂coupling 连接器gasket 垫圈odorless 无味的positive crankcase ventilation 曲轴箱强制通风grove 沟槽oil dipstick 油尺vacuum valve 真空阀charcoal canister 活性炭阀idle speed 怠速EGR（Exhaust Gas Recirculation）废气再循环platinum 铂palladium 钯rhodium 铑ceramic 陶瓷的honeycomb 蜂窝状Unit 8 Suspension System, Steering System and Brake System passenger cars/vehicles 乘用车commercial cars/vehicles 商用车bump 路面凸起alignment 校准steering knuckle 转向节swivel 旋转spring 弹簧（sprite 雪碧）ball joint 球型接头shock absorber = damper 减震器bounce 谈起bushing 衬套non-independent suspension 非独立悬架recirculating call steering systems 循环球式转向器rack-and-pinion steering systems 齿轮齿条式转向器lorry 货车（也有卡车的意思）worm gear 涡轮蜗杆机构steering linkage 转向连杆steering column 柱pitman arm 转向摇臂track rod 转向横拉杆idler arm 随动臂sleeve 衬套master cylinder 制动主缸lever 杠杆brake booster 制动助力器engine compartment 发动机舱housing 外壳，壳体malfunction 故障，失灵cable 线缆caliper 卡钳brake pads 摩擦片hub 轮毂squeeze 压缩brake shoe 制动蹄Unit 9 Drive Trains and Axlesdrive axles 驱动桥MT（Manual Transmission）手动变速器AT（Automatic Transmission）自动变速器CVT（Continuously Variable Transmission）无级变速器stationary 静态的release bearing 分离轴承clutch fork 离合器拨叉pressure plate 压盘tension 张力hydraulic circuit 液压回路throw-out bearing = release bearing 分离轴承torque converter 液力变矩器friction 摩擦synchronizer 同步器shift linkage 换挡连杆机构stator 导轮planet gears 行星齿轮planet gear carrier 行星架ring gear 齿圈slip yoke 滑动叉differential 差速器axle housing 桥壳unsprung weight 簧下质量sprung weight 簧上质量Unit 10 Safety, Security and Navigation Systems occupant = passenger乘员buckle 安全带插扣impact 碰撞regulatory 法规nylon 尼龙stiffness 刚度abrasion 磨损kinetic 运动学的inertia 惯性trigger 触发器resister 电阻GPS（Global Positioning System）全球定位系统补充：assembly line装配线stabilizer bar横向稳定杆cylinder block 气缸体cast iron/aluminium 铸铁/铝turbocharge 涡轮增压supercharge 机械增压exhaust pipe 排气管displacement排量compression ratio压缩比valve overlap 气门重叠thrust washer 止推垫圈ductile iron 球墨铸铁constant velocity joint 等速万向节SUV（Sport Utility Vehicle）运动型多功能车常见品牌：Toyota 丰田Honda 本田Nissan 日产Mazda 马自达Lexus 雷克萨斯Suzuki 铃木Mitsubishi 三菱General Motors 通用Cadillac 凯迪拉克Lincoln 林肯Ford 福特Chrysler 克莱斯勒Corvette 克尔维特Mercedes [mə'sidi:z] Benz梅赛德斯-奔驰Volkswagen 大众Audi 奥迪Rolls Royce 劳斯莱斯Bentley 宾利Ferrari 法拉利Maserati 玛莎拉蒂Aston Martin 阿斯顿马丁Jaguar 捷豹Porsche 保时捷Lamborghini 兰博基尼Koenigsegg 柯尼塞格Bugatti 布加迪Pagani 帕加尼Alfa Romeo 阿尔法罗密欧Volvo 沃尔沃Lotus 莲花Renault 雷诺Hyundai 现代Peugeot 标志Opel 欧宝Fiat 菲亚特Skoda 斯柯达Citroen 雪铁龙Dodge 道奇。
2020年(汽车行业)汽车构造(英文版)
（汽车行业）汽车构造(英文版)CHAPTER 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS1.1 Principal ComponentsToday's average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment.1.2 EngineThe engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine :gasoline(also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel(also called a compression-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission.1.3 BodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.1.4 ChassisThe chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating part of a vehicle. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems.Transmission systems ― conveys the drive to the wheels. The main components are clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, final drive, and differential.Suspension― absorbs the road shocks.Steering― controls the direction of th e movement.Brake― slows down the vehicle.1.5 Electrical EquipmentThe electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of the battery, alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator changes the engine's mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.New WordsPrincipal component 主要部件category 种类，类型body 车身chassis 底盘layout 布置power unit 动力装置internal combustion engine 内燃机cylinder 汽缸gasoline 汽油spark 火ignition 点燃，点火diesel 柴油机compression 压缩shaft 轴transmission 传动系sheet metal 金属板shell 外壳hood （发动机）罩trunk deck 行李舱盖cargo 货物styling 样式assembly 总成，装配suspension 悬挂，悬置shock 冲击steering 转向，操纵brake 刹车，制动器clutch 离合器gearbox 变速器driveshaft 传动轴final drive 主减速器，后桥differential 差速器slow down （使）慢下来，减速horn 喇叭starter 起动机charge 充电alternator 交流发电机Review Questions1.List the main parts of an automobile?2.What are the common types of a vehicle according to body styling?3.Which systems does a chassis include and what are the main functions of the chassis?4.Why are suspension systems used on vehicles?CHAPTER2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE2.1 principle of operation2.1.1 Engine and powerEngine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber. ,the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine.Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energyreleased in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power.2.1.2 Engine TermsLinking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up” the gas , so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are :TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft.BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft.Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder.Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC.Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cylinder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm.Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)\(clearance vol)Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolution of the crank.Four-stroke : a power stroke every other revolution of the crank..2.1.3 The Four-stroke Spark-ignition Engine CycleThe spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition, which converts the energy contained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft.The operating strokes are :This stroke introduces a mixture of atomized gasoline and air into the cylinder. The stroke starts when the piston moves downward from a position near the top of the cylinder. As the piston moves downward, a vacuum, or low-pressure area, is created. During the intake stroke, one of the ports is opened by moving the inlet valve. The exhaust valve remains tightly closed.Compression strokeAs the piston moves upward to compress the fuel mixture trapped in the cylinder, the valves are closed tightly. This compression action heats the air/fuel mixture slightly and confines it within a small area called the combustion chamber.Power strokeJust before the piston reaches the top of its compression stroke, an electrical spark is introduced from a spark plug screwed into the cylinder head.The spark ignites the compressed, heated mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber to cause rapid burning. The burning fuel produces intense heat that causes rapid expansion of the gases compressed within the cylinder. This pressure forces the piston downward. The downward stroke turns the crankshaft with great force.Exhaust strokeJust before the bottom of the power stroke, the exhaust valve opens. This allows the piston, as it moves upward, to push the hot, burned gases out through the open exhaust valve.Then, just before the piston reaches its highest point, the exhaust valve closes and the inlet valve opens. As the piston reaches the highest point in the cylinder, known as TDC, it starts back down again. Thus, one cycle ends and another begins immediately.2.1.4 Engine Overall MechanicsThe engine has hundreds of other parts . The major parts of engine are engine block , engine heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and valves. The other parts are joined to make systems. These systems are the fuel system, intake system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system and exhaust system. Each of these systems has a definite function. These systems will discussed in detail later.NEW WORDPiston 活塞Connecting rod 连杆Crankshaft 曲轴Power stoke 活塞行程Expel 排出Valve 气阀inlet(intake) valve 进气阀exhaust valve 排气阀term 术语TDC 上止点BDC 下止点Bore 缸径swept volume 有效容积engine capacity 发动机排量clearance volume 余隙容积,燃烧室容积compression ratio 压缩比revolution 旋转,转数every other 每隔一个cycle 循环spread over 分布,遍及intake stroke 进气行程compression stroke 压缩行程knock 敲缸,敲打exhaust stroke 排气行程engine block 发动机缸体lubrication 润滑2.2 Engine Block and Cylinder Head2.2.1 Engine BlockThe engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets, and oil galleries. The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block. The camshaft also fits inside the block, except on overhead-cam engines (OHC). In most cars, this block is made of gray iron, or an alloy (mixture) of gray iron and other metals, such as nickel or chromium. Engine blocks are castings.Some engine blocks, especially those in smaller cars, are made of cast aluminum. This metal is much lighter than iron. However, iron wears better than aluminum. Therefore, the cylinders in most aluminum engines are lined with iron or steel sleeves. These sleevesare called cylinder sleeves. Some engine blocks are made entirely of aluminum.2.2.2 Cylinder HeadThe cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. The most common cylinder head types are the hemi, wedge, and semi-hemi. All three of these terms refer to the shape of the engine's combustion chamber. The cylinder head carries the valves, valve springs and the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of the valve gear being worked by the push-rods. Sometimes the camshaft is fitted directly into the cylinder head and operates on the valves without rockers. This is called an overhead camshaft arrangement. Like the cylinder block, the head is made from either cast iron or aluminum alloy.2.2.3 GasketThe cylinder head is attached to the block with high-tensile steel studs. The joint between the block and the head must be gas-tight so that none of the burning mixture can escape. This is achieved by using cylinder head gasket. This is a sandwich gasket, i.e.a sheet of asbestos between two sheets of copper, both these materials being able to withstand the high temperature and pressures within the engine.2.2.4 Oil Pan or SumpThe oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel. The oil pan and the lower part of the cylinder block together are called the crankcase; they enclose, or encase, the crankshaft. The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to allworking parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus, there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.New Wordsengine block 缸体cylinder head 气缸盖fasten 使固定water jacket 水套oil gallery 油道camshaft 凸轮轴overhead-cam(OHC) 顶置凸轮gray iron 灰铸铁alloy 合金nickel 镍chromium 铬casting 铸件head cover 汽缸盖罩intake manifold 进气总管distributor 分电器oil pan 油底壳aluminum 铝be lined with 镶有cylinder sleeve 气缸套hemi 半球形wedge 楔型，楔入semi-hemi 准半球形rocker 摇臂push-rod 推杆gasket 衬垫high-tensile 高强度的stud 螺栓gas-tight 密封的asbestos 石棉crankcase 曲轴箱，曲柄箱encase 封闭，把…包起来drain off 排出，流出Review Question1.What do TDC, BDC, stroke, compression ratio and engine capacity stand for?2.How do you calculate swept volume and compression ratio?3.What controls the length of the stroke?4.List the main parts of the engine overall mechanics?5.What are the main function of the engine block?2.3 Piston Connecting Rod and Crankshaft2.3.1 Piston AssemblyThe piston is an important part of a four-stroke cycle engine. Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston , through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force create by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft .Thin, circular , steel bands fit into grooves around the piston to seal the bottom of the combustion chamber. These bands are called piston rings. The grooves into which they fit are called ring grooves. A piston pin fits into a round hole in the piston . The piston pin joins the piston to the connecting rod . The thick part of the piston that holds the piston is the pin boss.The piston itself , its rings and the piston pin are together called the piston assembly.2.3.2.PistonTo withstand the heat of the combustion chamber, the piston must be strong. It also must be light, since it travels at high speeds as it moves up and down inside the cylinder. The piston is hollow. It is thick at the top where it take the brunt of the heat and the expansion force. It is thin at the bottom, where there is less heat. The top part of the piston is the head , or crown . The thin part is the skirt The sections between the ring grooves are called ring lands.The piston crown may be flat , concave ,dome or recessed . In diesel engine , the combustion chamber may be formed totally or in part in the piston crown , depending on the method of injection . So they use pistons with different shapes.2.3.3Piston RingsAs Fig.2-9 shows , piston rings fit into ring grooves near the of the piston. In simplest terms, piston rings are thin, circular pieces of metal that fit into grooves in the tops of the pistons.In modern engines ,each piston has three rings. (Piston in older engines sometimes had four rings, or even five.) The ring’s outside surface presses against the cylinder walls. Rings provide the needed seal between the piston and the cylinder walls. That is, only the rings contact the cylinder walls. The top two rings are to keep the gases in the cylinder and are called compression rings. The lower one prevents the oil splashed onto the cylinder bore from entering the combustion chamber , and is called an oil ring. Chrome-face cast-iron compression rings are commonly used in automobile engines. The chrome face provide a very smooth , wear-resistant surface.During the power stoke , combustion pressure on the combustion rings is very high. It causes them to untwist . Some of the high-pressure gas gets in back of the rings. This force the ring face into full contact with the cylinder wall. The combustion pressure also holds the bottom of the ring tightly against the bottom of the ring groove. Therefore , high combustion pressure causes a tighter seal between the ring face and the cylinder wall.2.3.4 Piston PinThe piston pin holds together the piston and the connecting rod . This pin fits into the piston pin holes and into a hole in the top end of the connecting rod. The top end of is much smaller than the end that fits on the crankshaft . This small end fits inside the bottom of the piston . The piston pin fits through one side of the piston , through the small end of the rod , and then through the other side of the piston . It holds the rod firmly in place in the center of the piston. Pins are made of high-strengh steel and have a hollow center . Many pins are chrome-plated to help them wear better.2.3.3 Connecting rodThe connecting rod is made of forgedhigh-strength steel . It transmits and motion from the piston to the crankpin on the crankshaft . The connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin . A bush made from a soft metal , such as bronze , is used for this joint . The lower end of the connecting rod fits the crankshaft journal . This is called the big end . For this big-end bearing , steel-backed lead or tin shell bearing are used . These are the same as those used for the main bearings . The split of the big end is sometimes at an angle , so that it is small enough to be withdrawn through the cylinder bore . The connecting rod is made from forged alloy steel .2.3.5 CrankshaftThe crankshaft , in conjunction with the connecting rod , coverts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion needed to drive the vehicle . It is usually made from carbon steel which is alloyed with a small proportion of nickel .The main bearingjournals fit into the cylinder block and the big end journals align with the connecting rods .At the rear end of the crankshaft is attached the flywheel , and at the front end are the driving whells for the timing gears , fan , cooling water and alternator .The throw of the crankshaft , the distance between the main journal and the big end centers , controls the length of the stroke . The stroke is double the throw , and the stroke-length is the distance that the piston travels from TDC to BDC and vice versa .2.3.6 FlywheelThe flywheel is the made from carbon steel . It fit s onto the rear of the crankshaft . As well as keeping the engine rotating between power strokes it also carries the clutch , which transmits the drive to the transmission , and has the starter ring gear around its circumference . There is only one working stroke in four so a flywheel is needed to drive the crankshaft during the time that the engine is performing the non-power strokes .New WordsComprise 由。
汽车专业英语(课后词组)
Unit 1 automotive basicsPower train 传动系Unitized body（or unibody）承载式车身，无大梁车身Suspension system 悬架系统Steering system 转向系Barking system 制动系Shock absorbers 减振器Control arms 控制臂Steering wheel 转向盘Steering column 转向管柱Steering gears 转向器Tie rod 横拉杆Idler arm随动臂Brake shoe 制动蹄（片）Disc brake 盘式制动器Drum brakes 鼓式制动器Ignition system 点火系统Exhaust system 排气系统Lubrication system 润滑系Oil filters 机油滤清器Drive（or propeller）shaft 传动轴Universal joints 万向节Steering box 转向器Timing gear 正时齿轮Bevel gear 锥齿轮，伞齿轮Mesh with 与啮合Leaf springs 钢板弹簧Stub axle 转向节Unit 2 automotive engine 汽车发动机Internal-combustion engine 内燃机Diesel-fuel 柴油机燃料，柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas 液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas 压缩天然气Spark ignition 火花点火Compression ignition 压缩点火Spark plug 火花塞Gas-turbine engine 燃气涡轮发动机Steam engine 蒸汽机Stirling engine 斯特灵发动机Lubricating system 润滑系统Oil pan油底壳Oil pump 机油泵Exhaust system 排气系统Emission-control system 排放控制系统Energy conversion 能量转换Air/fuel ratio 空燃比Connecting rod 连杆TDC=Top Dead Center 上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点Intake stroke 进气冲程Compression stroke 压缩冲程Power stroke 做功冲程Exhaust stroke 排气冲程Compression ratio 压缩率，压缩比Valve train 配气机构Cam follower 凸轮随动杆，气门挺柱（摇臂）Rocker arm 摇臂Combustion chamber 燃烧室Intake valve 进气阀Exhaust valve 排气阀Valve stem 气门杆Valve cover 气门室盖（罩）Valve port 阀口Valve guide 气门导管Unit 3 automotive lubrication system 汽车润滑系统Start-up 起（启）动Engine block 发动机汽缸体Dry-sump 干油底壳Wet-sump 湿油底壳Pick-up tube 机油吸油管Filter screen 滤网Full-flow filtering system 全流式滤清器Pressure-relief valve 安全阀，卸压阀Bypass valve 旁通阀Gear type oil pump 齿轮式机油泵，齿轮泵Jockey pulley 张紧轮，导向轮Corrosion inhibitor 阻蚀剂，腐蚀抑制剂Detergent-dispersant 清洁分散剂Viscosity index 粘度指数Foam inhibitor 泡沫抑制剂Unleaded fuel 无铅汽油Over-tighten 过紧SAE=Society of Automotive Engineers （美）汽车工程师学会Comply with 照做Unit 4 the cooling system 冷却系统Expansion（overflow）tank 膨胀箱，溢流箱On the other hand 另一方面Not to mention 更不用说Out of the action 不起作用，停止使用Water jacket 水套Combustion chamber 燃烧室Pressure cooker 高压锅Be designed to 目的是，用来Psi=pound per square inch 磅/平方英寸Pick …off 摘去，拾取Air conditioning condenser 空调冷凝器Top off 终止，完成，结束Unit 5 fuel injection system 燃油喷射系统Electric pump 电动燃油泵Pulse width 脉冲宽度Fuel rail 油轨Return line 回油管路Fuel pressure regulator 燃油压力调节器Throttle body assembly 节气门体总成Solid state pressure transducer 晶体管压力传感器Measure off 量出Hall effect sensor 霍尔效应传感器Taper off 逐渐减少Stand for 代表Inline pump 直列式（喷油）泵Fuel feed pump 输油泵Vane pump 叶片式泵Cam disk 平面凸轮Drive shaft 传动轴Be attached to 固定在…，连到…上，附属于Spill port 溢流口Effective stroke 有效（供油）行程Plunger barrel 柱塞套Build up 积累，增加Control sleeve 控制套筒Delivery valve 出油阀In detail 详细地Unit 6 exhaust system 排气系统Stick out 伸出，显眼，触目The body of a car 车身Cast iron 铸铁Catalytic converter 催化转换器Out of phase with 与…相反Collide with 与…相撞Cancel out 取消Backpressure 背压Sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫Carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Nitrogen oxide 氮氧化物Exhaust gas re-circulation（EGR）废气再循环Tend to 必然Carburetor bowl 化油器浮子室Charcoal canister 炭罐Check valve 止回阀Gulp valve 补气阀Diverter valve 换向阀，分流阀As a result 结果Stepper motor 步进电机PCV=positive crankcase ventilation 曲轴箱强制通风Unit 7 the ignition system 点火系统Breaker point type ignition system 触点型点火系统Distributorless ignition system 无分电器点火器Primary and secondary circuits （点火线圈的）初级电路和次级电路Magnetic field 磁场High tension lead 高压导线Distributor rotor 分火头Spark plug 火花塞Nothing more than 只不过是，简直是（be）different than 与…不同，不同于Little or no 几乎没有，简直没有As follows 如下According to 根据Boil down to 归结起来是Listen for 听听（有否…），等着听The moment 一…就Unit 8 clutch 离合器Drive train 传动系Drive shaft 驱动轴，传动轴Pressure plate 压盘Clutch disc 离合器从动盘，离合器摩擦片Gear ratio 传动比，齿轮齿数比Release bearing 分离轴承Release fork 分离拨叉Master cylinder 主缸Clutch pedal 离合器踏板Coupling device 接合装置At idle 空转，空闲Couple with 与…连接，与…结合Ring gear 环形齿轮，齿圈，冕状齿轮Pinion gear 小齿轮Splined hub 花键毂Cast iron 铸铁，锻铁Diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧Thrust pad 止推（推力）垫Engage with （齿轮等）与…啮合，接合Centrifugal force 离心力Fulcrum ring （膜片弹簧）支撑环Pilot bushing 导轴衬，控制轴衬Bell housing 钟形外壳，离合器壳，变矩器外壳Torque converter （液力）变矩器Gas pedal 加速踏板One-way clutch 单向离合器，超越离合器Gas mileage 加仑英里，燃油经济性Get up to 达到Unit 9 automotive transmission 汽车变速器Fluid coupling 液力耦合器Torque converter 液力变矩器，转矩变换器Planetary gear set 行星齿轮组Throttle cable 节气门拉线（索）Ring gear 齿圈High gear 高速档Reverse gear （汽车）倒档Sprag clutch 楔块式超越（单向）离合器Centrifugal force 离心力Gear up 使换快档，促进，增加Stick shift 顶档杆（一种具有用手操纵的换挡杠杆的自动换挡装置）Vacuum hose 真空软管Throttle valve 节流阀Leak out 泄漏Windshield wiper 风窗玻璃刮水器（雨雪刷）Continuously variable transmission 无级变速器Drive ratio 传动比Metal V-belt 金属V带Select shift manual（SSM）手动选档的机械变速器Auto shift manual（ASM）自动选档的机械变速器Along with 连同…一起Adaptive transmission control（ATC）（自动变速器）自适应式变速器控制Electronically controlled automatic transmission 电控自动变速器Unit 10 the differential 差速器Limited-ship differential（LSD）防滑差速器Drive shaft 传动轴Axle shafts 半轴，驱动轴Final drive assembly 主减速器总成，最终传动装置Gear reduction 齿轮减速Gear reduction ratio 齿轮减速比Spiral bevel gear 螺旋锥齿轮Side gear（differential gear）半轴齿轮Pinion shaft 行星齿轮轴Differential pinion 行星齿轮Drive pinion （主减速器）主动小齿轮Final drive 主减速器，最终传动Drive wheel 驱动轮Limited-ship differential 防滑差速器Unit 11 brake system 制动系统Thermal energy 热能Master cylinder 制动主缸Brake pedal 制动踏板Brake hose 制动软管Slave cylinder 轮缸，分泵Drum brake 鼓式制动器Brake shoe 制动蹄（块），闸皮Bleeder screw （制动系）放气螺钉Spongy pedal 踏板发软Panic stop 紧急停车，紧急制动Friction lining 摩擦衬片Proportioning valve 比例阀，定量阀，配合阀Equalizer valve 平衡阀Pressure differential valve 差压（调节）阀Combination valve 组合阀a.k.a.=also known as 又名…Emergency brake 紧急制动器，紧急闸，应急制动Brake booster 制动助力器Flat spot （胎面）平点Hydraulic actuator 液压传动（操纵）机构，液压动力缸Fling off 掷出，甩掉，扔掉Splash through 溅着水通过，涉水通过Slotted hole 长圆孔，长孔，缝槽，切口Brake Pads 制动块Do with 利用，忍受（满足）Unit 12 steering system 转向系统Rack-and-pinion 齿条齿轮式Recirculating ball 循环球式Tie rod 转向横拉杆Steering ratio 转向减速比，转向变速比Variable-ratio steering 可变速比转向，可变传动比转向装置Tooth pitch 齿节，齿距Turning limit 转向限值Power-steering system 动力转向系统Worm gear 涡轮，涡轮传动机构Pitman arm 转向垂臂，转向摇臂，转向臂Threaded rod 螺杆Ball bearing 球轴承，滚球轴承Rotary-vane pump 回转式叶片轮，叶片轮Retractable vane 可伸缩叶片Pressure-relief valve 安全阀，卸压阀Rotary valve 回转阀，转阀Spool-valve 滑阀，柱式滑阀Electronic control system 电子控制系统Wheel alignment 车轮定位Steering geometry 转向梯形机构，转向几何机构Steering angle 转向角Toe in 前轮前束Toe out 负前束，后束Turning radius 转向半径Tire-tread 轮胎胎面Cotter pin 开口销Unit 13 suspension system 悬架系统Unit body 组合车身Coil spring 螺旋弹簧Leaf spring 钢板弹簧，片弹簧Torsion bar 扭力杆，扭杆弹簧Station wagons 客货两用轿车，旅行车Spring eye 钢板弹簧卷耳Rubber bushing 橡胶衬套Bolt head 螺栓头Spring shackle 板簧吊环A-arm front suspension 叉形控制臂前悬Torsion bar strut suspension 扭杆弹簧前悬Macpherson strut suspension 麦弗逊滑柱悬架Upper control arm 上控制臂Ball joint 球形接头，球节，球窝关节Stabilizer bar 稳定杆，防止车厢侧倾稳定杆Cornering force 回转力，侧向反力Shock absorber 减振器，阻尼器Trailing links （悬架）纵（拖）臂，纵向拉杆Pinion angle 小齿轮角U-joint 万向节，万向接头U-bolt U形螺栓，骑马螺栓Force-and-aft 纵向的，前后的Parallel link 平行杠杆式连结Parallelogram system 平行连杆系统Swinging arm 摆臂Transverse leaf spring 横置钢板弹簧Swivel pin 转向节主销，旋转销Swinging half-axle 摆动半轴Over-steer 过多转向。
汽车专业英语术语汇总(复习资料)
UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS Body:车身chassis:底盘stream-lined:流线wind resistance:风阻Frame:车架the power train:传动系统the drive train:驱动系a unitized body:承载式车身unibody:整体式汽车车身suspension system:悬架系统steering system:转向系统braking system(制动系统) suspension system:悬架系统shock absorber:减振器control arm:控制臂、导向机构steering gears:转向器steering wheel:转向盘idler arm:随动臂tie rods:横拉杆power steering:动力转向Power booster:助力器master cylinder:制动主缸Disc brake:盘式制动drum brake:鼓式制动Brake pedal:制动踏板brake system:制动系统stopping power:制动力Hydraulic brakes:液压制动brake pedal:制动踏板brake fluid:制动液brake lines:制动管路cylinders:轮缸brake shoes:制动蹄drum:制动鼓disc brake:盘式制动器pliers:老虎钳squeeze:挤进,握紧;夹紧rotating disc:旋转制动盘Drum brake:鼓式制动器gasoline-burning piston engine:活塞式汽油发动机Diesel-fuel burning engines:柴油发动机Fuel system:供给系统exhaust system:排气系统Cooling system:冷却系统lubrication system:润滑系统ignition system:点火系统electric spark:电火花air-fuel mixture:可燃混合气cylinder:汽缸ignition switch:点火开关current:电流storage battery:蓄电池ignition coil:点火线圈Distributor:分电器spark plug:火花塞compression ignition engines:压燃式发动机charging circuit:充电电路regulator:电压调节器alternator (or generator):发电机mechanical energy:机械能electrical energy:电能maximum voltage:最大电压fuel system:燃料供给系统fuel pump:燃油泵Filter:滤清器carburetor:化油器fuel injection system:燃油喷射系统combustible mixture:可燃混合气manifold:进气管exhaust system:排气系统carbon monoxide:一氧化碳hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物)oxides of nitrogen:氮氧化合物emission control system:排放控制系统cooling system:冷却系统combustion chamber:燃烧室coolant:冷却液Radiator:散热器water pump:水泵hollow:空的、空洞的block:汽缸体head:汽缸盖Defroster:(除冰(或霜)装置) Lubrication system润滑系统lubricant:润滑剂piston rings:活塞环cylinder walls:汽缸壁oil filter:机油滤清器Transmission:变速器wheel bearings:车轮轴承differential:差速器steering linkage:转向链接机构power train:传动系统transmission:变速器shift lever:变速杆clutch:离合器Transmission:变速器torque:转矩Differential:差速器drive /propeller shaft:传动轴universal joints:万向节axle movement:轴向运动flexible universal joints:活动万向节Differential:差速器UNIT 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEinternal combustion engine:内燃机liquefied petroleum gas(LPG):液化石油气Compressed natural gas(CNG):压缩天然气drive shaft:驱动轴rear-wheel-drive arrangement:后轮驱动布置形式front-wheel-drive arrangement:前轮驱动布置形式drive wheels:驱动轮mid-engine arrangement:发动机中置Pistons:活塞reciprocate:往复spark ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机compression ignition(CI) engine:压燃式发动机electric ignition system:电子点火系统spark plug:火花塞ignite:点燃cylinders:气缸combustion:燃烧compression-ignition engine:压燃式发动机diesel engine:柴油机Spray:喷入heavy-duty trucks:重型货车spark-ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机fuel system:燃料供给系统ignition system:点火系统lubricating system:润滑系统cooling system:冷却系统fuel system:燃料供给系统combustible mixture:可燃混合物air/fuel mixture:空气燃料混合气ignition system:点火系统spark plug:火花塞air/fuel mixture:可燃混合气lubricating oil:润滑油lubricating system:润滑系统oil pump:机油泵reservoir:贮存器; 油箱exhaust gas:排气cooling system:冷却系统exhaust system:排气系统emission-control system:排放控制系统starting system:启动系统Crank:转动曲柄starting motor:启动马达internal combustion engine:内燃机chemical energy:化学能heat energy:热能mechanical energy:机械能air/fuel ratio:空燃比Diesel engines:柴油机intake:进气connecting rod:连杆crankshaft:曲轴reciprocating movement/back and forth movement/up and down movement(往复运动) rotary motion/ turning motion:(旋转运动) crankshaft:曲轴Efficiency:效率potential energy:潜能mechanical energy:机械能overall efficiency:总效率compression ratio:压缩比air/fuel ratio:空燃比uppermost position/(TDC, top dead center:上止点lowest position/BDC, bottom dead center:下止点stroke:行程four stroke-cycle Gasoline Engine: intake stroke:进气行程compression stroke:压缩行程power stroke:作功行程exhaust stroke:排气行程revolution:转、圈connecting rod:连杆intake valve:进气门camshaft:凸轮轴pressure difference:压力差air/fuel mixture:空气/燃料混合气compression ratio:压缩比TDC:上止点exhaust valve:排气门exhaust gases:废气starter motor:启动马达ignition key:点火钥匙start position:启动位置Flywheel:飞轮UNIT 3 AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICATION SYSTEM (汽车润滑系统) 3.1 Lubrication Principles 润滑原理Friction:摩擦primary job:基本任务Residual oil:残留的机油Lubricant:滑润剂hydrodynamic:液力的oil adhesion:机油粘度sliding friction:滑动摩擦Pressure-Lubrication System压力润滑系统oil pan:油底壳block:汽缸体oil pump:油泵drain plug:放油螺塞oil-pan gasket:油底壳垫圈Passageway:油道oil filter:机油滤清器Crankcase:曲轴箱tube:管filter screen:滤网gear-type:齿轮泵rotor-type:转子泵full-flow filtering system:全流式滤清器pressure-relief valve:安全阀bypass valve:旁通阀camshaft(凸轮轴)main bearing:主轴承camshaft bearing:凸轮轴轴承Foam inhibitor:泡沫抑制剂UNIT 4 THE COOLING SYSTEM(冷却系统) exhaust system:排气系统cylinder wall:汽缸壁piston:活塞cylinder head:汽缸盖oil film:油膜fuel mileage:燃油经济性exhaust emissions:废气排放liquid cooling:水冷air cooling:风冷water jacket:水套thermostat:节温器water pump:水泵radiator:散热器radiator cap:散热器盖cooling fan:冷却风扇hoses:软管expansion tank:膨胀水箱overflow tank:溢流水箱4.1 Water Pump(水泵)centrifugal pump:离心泵centrifugal force:离心力4.2 Water Jacket(水套)hot spot:热点valve seat:气门座valve guide:气门导管cylinder wall:汽缸壁combustion chamber:燃烧室4.3 Radiator(散热器)heat exchanger:热交换器4.4 Pressure Cap(散热器盖)boiling point:沸点pressure release valve:减压阀, 安全阀overflow tube:溢流管overflow tank:溢流箱4.5 Thermostat(节温器)4.6 Fancooling fan:冷却风扇constant temperature:常温thermostatic switch:温控开关UNIT 5 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMFuel injection system:燃油喷射系统purely mechanical:纯机械的electronic fuel injection system:电子燃油喷射系统feedback control:反馈控制emission:排放solenoid valve:电磁阀injector:喷油器best power:最佳动力性best emission:最佳排放性best economy:最佳经济性rich condition:浓(混合气)工况lean condition:稀(混合气)工况5.3 Fuel System(燃油系统)fuel rail:油轨regulator:压力调节器return line:回油管fuel manifold:燃油歧管intake manifold:进气歧管5.4 Air Metering and Measurement 空气计量butterfly valve:传统碟形阀throttle body assembly:节气门体总成Mass Airflow:质量流量Speed Density:速度密度spring loaded flap:翼片potentiometer:电位计heated wire:加热电阻丝voltage signal:电压信号5.5 Most EFI systems measure the same basic 6 input 大多数EFI系统检测6个基本输入(信号)RPM(转速)ignition coil:点火线圈magnetic sensor:磁脉冲传感器Hall effect sensor:霍尔效应传感器Manifold Pressure (进气歧管压力)Throttle Position (节气门位置)Water Temperatureinjector pulse width:喷油器脉冲宽度Air Temperature5.6 Oxygen Sensor(氧传感器)closed loop systems:闭环系统oxygen content:氧含量air/fuel ratio:空燃比open loop mode:开环模式UNIT 6 EXHAUST SYSTEMexhaust system:排气系统Exhaust gas:废气combustion chamber:燃烧室muffler:消声器catalytic converter:催化转换器6.2 The Muffler(消声器)backpressure:背压exhaust valve:排气门6.3 The Exhaust Manifold and Headerexhaust manifold:排气歧管cylinder head:气缸盖intake manifold:进气歧管UNIT 7 THE IGNITION SYSTEM(点火系统) breaker point type ignition system:触点型点火系统electronic ignition system:电子点火系统distributorless ignition system: 无分电器点火系统)timing of the spark plug firing: 火花塞点火次序spark plug gap:火花塞间隙7.1 Point-Type Ignition System (触点型点火系统)electrical circuit:电路primary circuit:初级回路secondary circuit:次级回路breaker point:触点ignition switch:点火开关secondary winding:次级线圈high-tension lead:高压导线distributor:分电器coil:点火线圈distributor cap:分电器盖distributor rotor:分火头controlling element:控制元件primary current:初级电流Distributor:配电器7.2 Electronic Ignition Systems(电子点火系统)electronic control module:电子控制模块7.3 Distributorless Ignition Systems (DIS) (无分电器点火系统)spark timing:点火正时Ignition Control Unit (ICU):点火控制单元Engine Control Unit (ECU):发动机控制单元firing order:点火顺序Top Dead Center (TDC):上止点UNIT 8 CLUTCHdrive line/drive train:传动系统Clutch:离合器transmission:变速器drive shaft:传动轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成clutch disc:离合器片pressure plate:压盘pressure plate cover:离合器盖friction mechanism:摩擦机构engine torque:发动机扭矩gear ratio:传动比clutch pedal:离合器踏板driven member:从动件transmission input shaft:变速器输入轴driving members:主动件crankshaft:曲轴torsional shock:扭转振动starter motor:启动马达splined hub:花键毂spline:花键diaphragm spring:膜片弹簧centrifugal force:离心力release bearing:分离轴承disengagement mechanism:分离机构hydraulic system:液压系统hydraulic mechanism:液压机构clutch master cylinder:离合器主缸hydraulic fluid:制动液clutch release cylinder:离合器分离缸UNIT 9 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION(自动变速器)fluid coupling(液力偶合器)torque converter(变矩器rear wheel drive(后轮驱动)front wheel drive(前轮驱动).drive shaft(驱动轴)final drive(主减速器)rear axle(后轴)rear wheels(后轮)transaxle(驱动桥)Front axles(前桥)planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组) 9.1hydraulic system(液力系统)9.2Planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组)sun gear(太阳轮)ring gear(齿圈)planet gears(行星轮)constant mesh(常啮合common carrier(行星架)input shaft(输入轴)output shaft(输出轴)9.2 Clutch pack(离合器组)clutch drum(离合器鼓)friction material(摩擦材料)9.3 One-Way Clutch(单向离合器)"sprag" clutch(超越离合器)neutral(空挡)9.4 Bands(制动带)9.5 Torque Converter(液力变矩器)(见阅读材料)Torque Converter(液力变矩器)manual transmission:自动变速器automatic transmission:自动变速器brake pedal:制动踏板gas pedal:加速踏板1. Pump(泵轮).2. Turbine(涡轮).3. Stator(导轮).4. Transmission fluid(传动液). Freewheel:自由轮lockup clutch:锁止离合器UNIT 10 THE DIFFERENTIAL(差速器) unlimited-slip, differential:不防滑差速器10.1 The Main Gears(主减速器)bevel gear:锥齿轮axle shaft:半轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成gear reduction:减速drive wheel:驱动轮drive shaft:传动轴spiral bevel gear:螺旋锥齿轮center line(centerline):中心线10.2 The Differential System(差速系统) axle shaft:半轴side gear:半轴齿轮UNIT 11 BRAKE SYSTEM(制动系统) kinetic energy:惯性能量momentum:动量thermal energy (heat):热能master cylinder:主缸brake pedal:制动踏板mechanical pressure:机械压力hydraulic pressure:液体压力brake line:制动管brake hose:制动软管slave cylinder:轮缸Brake fluid:制动液Shoe:制动蹄pad:制动块drums:制动鼓rotor:制动盘disk brake:盘式制动器drum brakes:鼓式制动器caliper:制动嵌brake shoe:制动蹄friction lining:摩擦衬片friction surface:摩擦表面emergency brake:紧急制动Power brake booster:动力制动助力器master cylinder:制动主缸brake pedal:制动踏板hydraulic actuator:液压传动机构wheel speed sensor:车轮速度传感器UNIT 14 ABS AND TCS14.1 Braking System Fundamentals, master cylinder:主缸wheel cylinders:轮缸caliper pistons:制动钳活塞rolling energy:旋转能量14.2 Antilock Braking Systems(防抱死制动系统)retarding force:制动力percent slip滑移率braking effectiveness:制动效能wheel speed sensors (WSS):车轮速度传感器。