大学英语综合教程2 Words and Expressions(unit 11)
英语综合教程2 unit one
New wordshaze n. [C, U] 霾；烟雾marijuana n. [U] 大麻economy n. [C] 经济；（被视为某个经济实体的）国家a market / planned economycampus n. [C, U] （大学的）校园We have rooms for 5, 000 students on campus.demonstration n. [C] 示威（活动）There were a number of demonstrations against the new tax.radicalism n. [U] 激进主义governor n. [C] （美国）州长dissident a. 持不同政见者的n. [C] 持不同政见者1. a group of dissident writers2. The government has promised to release some dissidents.liberal n. [C] 主张变革的人clash n. [C] (~ between) 冲突；激烈争吵Yesterday violent clashes broke out between police and protesters. establishment n. 1. (the ~ )（国家的）统治集团，当权派2. [U] 建立；确立1. It's no good fighting the establishment.2. Since the establishment of the club two years ago, membership has doubled. passion n. [C, U] （爱情、愤怒等）强烈的情感She spoke with strong passion and moved everyone present.passionate a. 感情强烈的；激昂的He has a passionate interest in music.protest n. [C, U] (~ at / against)（强烈的）抗议；异议；抗议集会精选文库Students will hold a protest this weekend at the federal building.alliance n. [C, U] (~ between / with) 结盟；联盟Successive French governments maintained the alliance with Russia.launch vt. 发动；发起（军事袭击，公众调查等）They will launch a new weather satellite next month.ultimately ad. 最终；终于Technological advances could ultimately lead to even more job losses. resignation n. [C, U] 辞职The scandal led to the minister's resignation.activism n. [U] （主张为政治、社会目的而采取包括暴力等各种手段的）激进主义，行动主义characterize vt. 成为……的特征The military is usually characterized as being very conservative.dorm n. [C] (infml)（学校、军营等的）寝室，宿舍indie a. （电影和音乐）独立公司制作的liberating a. 令人觉得自由的It's liberating to be able to play soccor again after so many years' hard working. awakening n. [C] 觉醒；认识；意识Anyone who believes in lasting peace will be in for a rude awakening.prime a. ( only before noun ) 首要的；最重要的Our prime concern was the safty of our customers.cynic n. [C] 愤世嫉俗者；认为人皆自私者apathetic a. 毫无兴趣的；漠然的Most of the passers-by are apathetic to beggars on the street.heady a. 使人忘乎所以的；令人陶醉的He missed the heady freedom of the late 1960s.descending a. 下降的；递降的Arrange the numbers in desending order.employability n. [U] 可雇佣；达到雇佣条件employment n. [U] 职业；工作After graduation, she found employment with a local finance company.prospect n. 1. (~s) 胜算；（尤指工作和事业方面）成功的可能性2. [C, U] （尤指好事发生的）可能性1. The prospects for employment in the technology sector are especially good right now.2. Spending a week at his cousin's ranch was an exciting prospect.affordability n. [U] 平价；支付得起issue n. [C] (~ about / around)（值得关注的）问题；议题There were issues about the way the department was organized.accessibility n. [U] 可获得性opportunity n. [C, U] (~ to do sth) 机会The programme gives students the opportunity to learn more about global warming. umbilically ad. 关系极为密切地She is umbilically attached to her extended family.obscure a. 1. 晦涩的；费解的2. 不知晓的；无名的；默默无闻的1. The rules for the competition are somewhat obscure.2. The report had been published in an obscure German journal.bliss n. [U] 无上幸福；至福Phrases and expressionsbring sb to one's knees 迫使某人屈服The marathon brought quite a few runners to their knees.give rise to sth 引起；导致；为……的原因Pollution has given rise to great concern about the environment in the areas.form an alliance with 与……结盟Independent companies are encouraged to form strategic alliances with each other.bring about 使发生；导致Computers have brought about many changes in workplace.in spite of 不顾；不管The house will certainly sell, in spite of the fact that it's overpriced.keep off （使）不靠近；（使）不碰Keep the flies off the food.drop out 退出活动；退学She was injured in the first round and had to drop out.in descending order 递降的You should arrange the seats in desending order.in / of itself 本质上；就其本身而言Using someone else's name is not of itself a crime, unless there is an intention to commit a fraud. rely on （为生活、运作等）依靠，依赖At least we can rely on him.set up 开办；建立The group plans to set up an independent state within the country.New wordssophomore n. [C] (AmE)（美国大学或高中的）二年级学生Lit n. (abbr Literature or Literary) 文学课程ironic a. 反语的；讽刺的It's ironic that a government so concerned about law and order is disregarding an interna gender n. [C, U] (fml) 性别colonialism n. [U] 殖民主义post-colonialism n. [U] 后殖民主义modernism n. [U] （艺术、文学等方面的）现代主义postmodernism n. [U] 后现代主义definition n. [C] 词义；定义；释义Match the words with their definitions.industrial a. 工业的；产业的America's industrial production fell for the fourth sucessive month.post-industrial a. （经济基础已由重工业转为服务业、高技术等的)后工业化的；工业化后的baby boom n. [C] (infml)（尤指第二次世界大战后1947—1961年间美国的）生育高峰overthrow vt. 颠覆；使下台The new government was overthrown in a military coup.repressive a. （统治或法律）残酷的，严苛的The repressive regime put thousands of protesters to prison.rebel vi. (~ against) 造反；反抗There were minor groups who rebelled against the government.chant v. 反复地喊；反复地唱The audience were chanting his name.destruction n. [U] 毁灭；摧毁The building must be saved from destruction.petition n. [C] 请愿书bracelet n. [C] 手镯；臂镯inspirational a. 鼓舞人心的，有鼓舞力量的Brown's last minute goal for the Red Wings was truly inspirational. philosophy n. 1. [C] （影响某人决断及处事的）思想体系；宗旨2. [U] 哲学assert vt. 断言；宣称The government asserted that no more money would be available.collectively ad. 共同地；集体地People refer to these different medical conditions collectively as heart disease. ostalgic a. 怀旧的；恋旧的A lot of adults feel nostalgic about their childhood.frustration n. [C, U] 挫折；烦恼When he learned the result of the election, he left in frustration.chat room n. [C] （因特网上的）聊天室resonance n. [ C, U] （情感的）共鸣，反响era n. [C] 时代；纪元We are living in an era in which technology is developing rapidly.technological a. 技术的；工艺的This problem is brought by technological change.profound a. 根深蒂固的；深刻的This is a scientific discovery of profound significance.Phrases and expressionssit up 1. 警觉；诧异；关注2.（使）坐起来；熬夜1. The performance made all the critics sit up and take notice.2. Would you like sit up and read for a while?by definition 就本质而言；从定义上来说A dictatorship means, by definition, one center of power.take to 去，往；走上The workers took to the streets to protest against cutting pay.stand for 主张；支持I want to know what she stands for before I'll vote for her.assert oneself 坚持自己的主张Don't give up — you need to learn to assert yourself. be associated with 与……相关联His social problems were associated with drinking. make sense 讲得通；有意义It made good sense to continue with the reforms.New wordsgrip n. [sing] 1. 权力；控制；支配2. 抓牢；紧握banker n. [C] 银行家statute n. [C, U] 法令；法规authorize vt. 授权；许可deduction n. [U] 扣除source n. [C] 来源；出处punctually n. [U] 按时；准时oblige vt. (fml) (usu passive)（以法律、规定或责任）迫使syllabus n. [C] （某学科的）教学大纲emphasize vt. 强调；重视penalize vt. 1. 处罚；惩罚2. 不公平对待（某人）prior a. (fml) 先前的；之前的；事先的denounce vt. 1. 告发；控告2. 谴责；痛斥denunciation n. 1. 告发；控告精选文库2. 谴责；痛斥contravene vt. (fml) 与……相抵触；违反（规章、法律或协议）irregularity n. [C] (usu pl) 违规demise n. [sing] (fml) 消亡；不复存在。
新标准大学英语综合教程2active reading(1-6全)
Unit1Active reading 11. Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. to make a sincere statement that you are telling the truth--- swear2. a piece of flesh that connects bones and moves a particular part of your body--- muscle3. to make you admire or respect someone--- impress4. to drink in small amounts--- sip5. a period of time between two events--- gap6. to arrive somewhere and give your personal details to the person working at the reception desk--- check in2. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1. There was only just enough room for two people.Your replacement: barely2. Be careful or you'll accidentally pour your drink down your clothes.Your replacement: spill3. He was completely unaware of what to do in the library.Your replacement: ignorant4. She was very clever and got excellent grades.Your replacement: intelligent5. You write your name on the list to join the club.Your replacement: sign up6. She tells me that she's definitely read the book.Your replacement: assures7. I need to go and buy some tea, I have finished it all.Your replacement: run out of3. Choose the right words and phrases to answer the questions.1. A warden is likely to be (b) someone who looks after the hall of residence2. A tutor is likely to be (a) a teacher3. If you go along somewhere, you (a) go to a place and join other people there4. If you rent out a room, you (b) allow it to be used by someone who pays you regularly to useitActive reading 21. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1. When he speaks, people notice that he sounds Irish.Your replacement: detect2. Frank McCourt had read a lot of books which was deserving respect considering he had no high school education.Your replacement: admirable3. You can tell the students on the underground trains by the number of books they carry. Your replacement: subways4. The woman in the admissions office suggests that his European education is not good enough.Your replacement: inadequate5. The professor was writing very quickly in his notebook.Your replacement: scribbling6. Many immigrants came to America to escape extremely bad treatment because of their race, religion or political beliefs in their own countries.Your replacement: persecution2. Choose the right words and phrases to answer the questions.1. I'm in heaven This means I'm (a) delighted2. ideas don't drop fully formed from the skies This means that ideas (a) need to be developed with careful thinking3. in the long run This means (a) at a time in the future4. frighten the life out of someone This means (b) to make someone extremely afraid and nervousUnit2Active reading 11. Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. honest about the situation or your opinions, even if this offends people--- frank2. a place that many people go to for a holiday--- resort3. tasting extremely good--- yummy4. containing a lot of liquid, so tasting good--- juicy5. dark in a way that makes you feel sad or a little afraid--- gloomy6. lack of experience of life--- innocence7. the ability to understand and make good judgments about something--- perception8. ideas, behaviour, or statements that are not true or sensible---nonsense2. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1. The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach.Your replacement: enormous2. There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate.Your replacement: clinging3. In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasn't usual to eat fish and chips.Your replacement: region4. When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells.Your replacement: discarded5. To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and dig out the food.Your replacement 1: implementsYour replacement 2: crackYour replacement 3: scrape6. The boy was especially fond of his mother's bread and cakes from the oven.Your replacement: baking7. Because they're smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, it's quite a challenge to try your first oysters.Your replacement: slippery3. Choose the right words and phrases to answer the questions.1. Which word means feeling?2. Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that there's nothing you can do to change it?3. Which word means to say you're not happy with someone or something?4. Which word describes how your face looks when you're annoyed or worried about something?5. Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell or see?6. Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun by embarrassing or annoying them slightly?Correct answer1. emotion2. despair3. complain4. frown5. nasty6. teasingActive reading 21.Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1. Something stimulating is likely to make you feel (a) more active2. The properties of chocolate are likely to be (a) its features3. If one thing accounts for another, it explains (b) the reason for it4. Something that is manufactured is something (b) made in a factory5. If chocolate helps release hormones from the brain, it (a) helps cause hormones to leave thebrain6. If you crush something, you (a) press it strongly7. You have inherited something, you have got it from (b) your parents8. When something melts, it becomes (b) liquid9. When you confess something, you would (a) tell people2.Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.For a (1) product which you enjoy but don't really need, chocolate is extremely (2) beneficial toyour health. Chocolate as we know it today first appeared in the 1800s, when liquid chocolate was poured into a (3) shaped container to cool and become solid. Then the chocolate (4) maker Lindt discovered how to make chocolate (5) break easily by adding extra cocoa butter, and Daniel Peter first made milk chocolate using milk which had been (6) concentrated and then mixed with cocoa paste, which gave it a smoother (7) taste. But the (8) appeal for so many people of chocolate is both an (9) inherited (10) characteristic and an effect of the 300 chemicals it contains, including vitamins.Correct answer(1) luxury (2) nourishing (3) mould (4) manufacturer (5) snap(6) condensed (7) flavour (8) popularity (9) genetic (10) traitUnit3Active reading 11. Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. to move your body so it is closer to or further from someone or something2. a total amount made by adding several numbers or amounts together3. the ability to think about and plan for the future, using intelligence and imagination4. used for emphasizing that something refers to one specific situation5. a feeling that you do not trust someone or something6. to press or move your hands or an object over a surfaceCorrect answer1. lean2. sum3. vision4. particularly5. suspicion6. rub2.Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box.1. If you are doing an advanced course in something, it is at (a) a high level2. If you peer at something, it is (a) difficult to see.3. If you get a glimpse of something, you see it (b) not very clearly and for a short time4. A radical idea is (b) new and different5. If you are in agony about something, you feel (a) in pain and uncomfortable6. If you do something in the presence of someone, they are (a) with you7. If someone affirmed something, they (a) showed they respected and approved of it8. If you do something on purpose, you (a) mean to do it3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1. Many people greet radical ideas with suspicion because they are afraid of change.2. Looking at the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, you feel as if you are in the presence of a genius who had an extraordinary vision of the future.3. You need to peer closely at the figures on the board, particularly as the handwriting is so bad.4. It doesn't take a(n) advanced level of intelligence to realize that you need at least two numbers to be able to work out the sum.5. If you lean forwards, you may see the star as he comes out of the theatre, but you'll probably only catch a(n) glimpse of him.6. I rubbed some medicine onto the wound hoping to stop the pain, but I'm still in agony.7. Tom's excellent exam results affirmed the teacher's faith in his ability.8. The police think the fire was started on purpose.4. Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1. If you thwart something, you (a) stop it2. If there is a dearth of something, there is (b) not enough.3. Unmitigated encouragement suggests (b) slightly negative support.4. If a teacher is maligned by their pupils, they say (b) bad things about the teacher.5. If you humiliate someone, you make them feel (b) upset and embarrassed6. If someone speaks at length, they speak (a) for a long time7. If something is prevalent, it occurs (a) oftenActive reading 21. Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. to connect or combine two or more things so that together they form an effective unit2. involving a lot of imagination and new ideas3. connecting ideas in a sensible way4. to move something from one place to another5. expressing an opinion when you think something is wrong or bad6. working well and producing the result that was intended7. to recognize something and understand exactly what it is8. to create or produce9. to remember somethingCorrect answer1.integrate2. creative3. logical4. transfer5. critical6. effective7. identify8. generate9. recallplete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.Writing an essay requires a number of special skills. One of these is to transfer information from different sources into a single, short document. Another is to present an argument which is logical and easy to understand. And, of course, to be effective an essay should be properly planned and researched. Luckily, the Internet can help you with this research. Most students these days integrate their own reading of a subject with Internet searches.But it is not easy to use the Internet. You should always be critical of what you find and not just use the first web page. A quick search of the Web for a particular topic may generate thousands of hits, but you must be able to identify the information you need. You should be able to recall where you found it too, because it is important to refer to your sources of information. And finally,you need to be creative— because an essay should be an original piece of work.3. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1. Doing a doctorate makes it possible to become an expert in a particular field.Your replacement: specialize2. I remember the main point of what he was saying, but I can't remember where it was we had the conversation.Your replacement 1: thrustYour replacement 2: the setting in which3. It's a very long and difficult book, and I'm afraid people may feel under great pressure when they turn the first pages.Your replacement: overwhelmed4. Ours is a small university, but the teaching is organized in a sensible and practical way.Your replacement: rational5. Students can get help with money.Your replacement: financial6. The amount of help is different from one university to another.Your replacement 1: extentYour replacement 2: varies4. Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1. If you hone a skill, you (a) improve it2. If you strike a balance between two things, you (b) find a middle way3. An open-ended discussion is one which (a) doesn't come to a conclusion4. If you assimilate information, you are likely to (a) take it in and use it effectively5. Something which is subjective is likely to be based on (b) your own feelings or ideas6. If you get bogged down in something, you are (b) not able to get free from it7. A step-by-step approach is likely to (b) move forwards slowly and logicallyUnit4Active reading 11．Answer the questions about the words for telephoning.1. What do subscribers pay for?Subscribers pay for line rental so that they will be able to make phone calls. In other contexts, they may pay for newspapers, magazines or being a member of a club or professional association. .2. What part of the phone is the handset?Subscribers pay for line rental so that they will be able to make phone calls. In other contexts, they may pay for newspapers, magazines or being a member of a club or professional association..3. What can you do if you're in range of a mobile signal?Subscribers pay for line rental so that they will be able to make phone calls. In other contexts, they may pay for newspapers, magazines or being a member of a club or professional association.4. What kind of phone is a house phone?Subscribers pay for line rental so that they will be able to make phone calls. In other contexts, they may pay for newspapers, magazines or being a member of a club or professional association.5. If you can use a mobile anywhere, where can you use a landline?We can use a landline only where there is a wire connection (the telephone signals are carried bya line).6. What has happened if you receive voicemail?If you receive voicemail, it means that someone has left a spoken message which has been recorded on your phone so that you can listen to it later.2.Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.1. The businessman uses his mobile in his free time, while he mostly uses his landline at work. Your replacement: whereas2. The businessman and the working mother don't consider their mobile phones to be a(n) basic and important part of their lives.Your replacement: essential3. When she didn't have her mobile, she became confident and not afraid of people.Your replacement: bold4. Nothing usually gets in the way of my social life, but on this occasion, not having a mobile phone meant I spent three days alone.Your replacement: interferes with5. The passage describes the strong effect of mobile phones on their lives.Your replacement: impact6. Soon the mobile signal will be increased to cover the whole of London.Your replacement: extended3. Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in the box.Information technology in general and mobile phones in particular have been important in bringing about a(n) utter change to our lifestyles. But the problem with mobile phones is that they can distract you from doing your job. The businessman gives his mobile phone number to practically everyone he knows. Without his mobile, he isn't necessarily able to do things impulsively. He speculates that he could give up his mobile, but life would be rather tedious and dull without it. The schoolgirl has to make social arrangements on the landline at home in order to avoid having a(n) solitary life for a few days. At first the working mother thinks it's risky not to have a mobile phone, as her family might be in danger. Her first impulse is to worry that they couldn't contact her, although they think she's making a(n) fuss about not having a mobile. Finally she feels it is like therapy when no one interrupts her.Active reading 21. Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. the distance from one side of an object to the other---breadth2. a hit or knock to a part of your body ---bump3. slightly nervous, worried, or upset about something---uneasy4. strange and unusual, sometimes in a way that upsets you ---weird5. thinking seriously about something---thoughtful6. a feeling that you do not understand something or cannot decide what to do---confusion7. the attitude of someone who is willing to accept someone else's beliefs, way of life etc without criticizing them even if they disagree with them---tolerance8. the ability to notice things ---awareness9. to include something as a necessary part of an activity, event or situation---involve2.Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.When you meet people from other cultures, there will be many (1) times when someone behaves in a way which you (2) notice as being unusual, but which is (3) acceptable in their culture. If it (4) attracts your (5) attention, it's all right to (6) ask about cultural differences, because people are (7) usually happy to (8) reply. But don't worry if you are unsure about what to do or what to say. Just remember that finding out about cultural differences should give you pleasure and not (9) unhappiness and discomfort.Correct answer(1) occasions (2) perceive (3) conventional (4) arouses (5) curiosity (6) inquire (7) generally (8) respond (9) miseryUnit5Active reading 11.Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. to say something very quietly---whisper2. to say something suddenly and loudly---exclaim3. to cry because you feel strong emotion---weep4. to cry noisily, taking short breaths---sob5. to promise to do something---pledge6. to say that you did not do something---deny7. to stop someone from doing something, like speaking---interrupt8. to start something again, like speaking ---resume9. to breathe out slowly, especially because you are sad ---sigh10. to say the opposite of what someone has said is true ---contradict2. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1. He was resting with his knees on the ground beside her when he asked her to marry him. Your replacement: kneeling2. It was traditional to ask for the father's permission to marry the daughter.Your replacement: consent3. Her feelings towards him became different as she got to know him better.Your replacement: altered4. He continued with his argument, even though she didn't agree with him.Your replacement: pursued5. Her refusal to admit what had happened made him get angry.Your replacement: denial6. He came home in a terrible mood and threw his bag onto the floor.Your replacement 1: temper Your replacement 2: flung3.Choose the right words and phrases to answer the questions.1. When you rock a baby, you move it backwards and forwards (a) gently2. If you are having a doze, you are (a) asleep3. If someone's behaviour is shameful, they should (b) feel very sorry about what they have done4. If you aren't worried about anything, save your own concerns, this means (b) you're only worried about your own business5. If you do something sulkily, people will notice that you are in (b) a bad mood6. A look which turns off someone's bad temper is likely to be (a) gentle7. If you come to the point, you (b) say what is important8. If something is no business of yours, you should (b) not be interested in it9. If something degrades someone, it makes people respect them (a) less10. "What good is it doing something? " means (a) "Why do it?"Active reading 21.Match the words in the box with their definitions.1. a strong feeling of sadness---grief2. a round shape or curve---loop3. an image that you see when you look in a mirror---reflection4. to let something fall off as part of a natural process---shed5. a smooth and beautiful way of moving---grace6. attractive ---cute7. continuing to support someone or be their friend---faithful8. to cover something by putting something such as paper or cloth around it---wrap9. not bright---dim2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.1. I've been faithful to my husband all my life.2. I'd like to give this as a present. Could you wrap it for me in silver paper, please?3. The public expression of grief after the death of the princess lasted for several days.4. She dances with such grace! I think she could become a professional dancer.5. I can't see very well in here. The light's rather dim.6. When I saw my reflection in the mirror this morning I got a shock.3. Choose the right words and phrases to answer the questions.1. The word bill refers to (a) a bird's mouth in the poem.2. Satin is (a) a soft delicate material3. If something is wobbling, it is (b) moving unsteadily4. Platinum refers to (a) a colour like silver5. Something that is lethal is (b) extremely dangerous6. If a cloth has been embroidered, it is likely to be (a) multi-colouredUnit6Active reading 11.Match the words in the box with their definitions.1.equal to something else in quality or importance2. having no money and unable to pay what is owed3. a strong feeling of wanting to have or to do something, especially something that is bad for you4. a short journey that you take for pleasure5. someone or something that is different in some way from other people or things and so cannot be included in a general statement6. the process of becoming fit and healthy again after an illness or injuryCorrect answer1. comparable2. bankrupt3. temptation4. excursion5. exception6. recoveryplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.1.when you buy clothes, there are often two labels, one which shows the price and the other,the make and other information.2.When researchers claim something is a fact, it's because it's true.3.Someone who is fashion-conscious likes to wear clothes which are very up-to-date.4.To do something with ease means doing it without any difficulties.5.Something which is the norm is usual or expected.2.Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1. When the three main symptoms of shopaholism are put together, it becomes an addiction. Your replacement: combined2. A rough guess at the amount of what Victoria Beckham spends on clothes every year is ￡100,000.Your replacement: estimation3. You may have a (an) false impression of freedom when you're a shopaholic.Your replacement: illusion4. Most people today consider it normal being in debt.Your replacement: accept3.Choose the right words and phrases to answer the questions.1.If you smile broadly, your smile is (a) very happy and wide2.Buzz is likely to be (a) a pleasant feeling3. A mall is (b) a large building with a lot of shops and restaurants4.If you're addicted to something, it is likely to be(b) bad for you5. A mail order catalogue is(b) a magazine with photographs of things you can buy by mail6.If you take it one day at a time, you do something (a) step by step7.If you look for all the world like someone else, it is likely that you look (b) exactly like them.Active reading 21.Match the words in the box with their definitions.1.very interesting---fascinating2.the ability to continue doing something difficult or unpleasant---endurance3.to take hold of something roughly---grab4.an individual thing ---item5.the feeling of being very interested in something or excited by it---enthusiasm6. a strong belief or opinion about something---conviction7.the word "yes" or a sign that you agree with something---affirmative8.the proof that something you believed is definitely true---confirmationplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.1. I think you're a very good chap to go shopping with your girlfriend.2. When a woman finds something which suits her, she's not simply a woman, she becomes a princess.3. It's important not to provoke your boyfriend by spending too long at the shops.4. Your boyfriend will not cooperate with you if you spend all day shopping and buy nothing.5. For some women, the sheer excitement of a day's shopping is almost too much to bear.6. The football commentator screamed wildly when Italy scored.3.Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1.incredibly good value Is it extremely good or not very good value?It is extremely good value, or an unbelievable bargain.2.Men don't get this. What does get mean in this context?It means that men don't understand this. The word get means "understand" or "appreciate"here.3.snack What kind of meal is a snack? A large meal or a quick meal?It's a quick meal, something small and light to eat, or a small amount of food eaten between meals.4.checkout What do you do at the checkout?It is the place where you pay for the goods before leaving a supermarket or a large shop. It is normally near the door of a shop.4.Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.Many women like to wear clothes which are (1) popular at a particular time. The problem is their boyfriends (2) don't often enjoy shopping. So before you leave home, it's important to have specific (3) plans about what you hope to achieve. While you're shopping, it's (4) essential to get your boyfriend to show he's (5) approving when you choose something new. You can visit as many (6) shops as you like, as long as you buy something. When you get back you should (7) show your kindness by allowing him to (8) drop into a comfortable chair, drink beer and watch television. But if it isn't your (9) plan to spend money but only to window-shop, maybe you shouldn't take your boyfriend along.(1): fashionable (2):rarely (3): objectives (4): crucial (5): avourable(6):retail outlets (7):demonstrate (8):collapse (9): intention。
新世纪大学英语综合教程2第二版(课后作业)分析解析
Unit 1 Living in HarmonyEnhance Your Language Awareness1.Text A amaze bunch bundle capacity commerce conquer display drop roast robstyle symbol vague figureText B appreciate participate shift slip1)My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people.2)Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world.3)The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift .4)The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm.5)A passenger asked the driver: “Could you d rop me off near the post office? I'd like to post a letter.”6)The little girl's capacity for learning languages astonished me.7)How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games?8)I like the typically French s tyle of living. It is so romantic.9)They have made their fortunes from industry and c ommerce .10)They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.11)In many cultures，the lion is the symbol of courage.12)Your help was greatly appreciated . We are very grateful to you for it.13)It's the first time the painting has been displayed to the public.14)During the exam，the naughty boy tried to slip a note to his classmate while the teacher wasn't looking.15)As the saying goes，conquer the desires，or they will conquer you.16)Before the dinner party，Mother has ordered a roast from the butcher.17)I didn't wait for you at home because I figured that you wouldn't come .2.Text A at knifepoint expose...to flag downhelp out pick up pull overrely on rise one's life run contrary totake a gamble (on)Text B in (rich) contrast to pull away stand out1)In this painting，a single red rose stands in rich contrast to the grassland.2)The factory workers are exposed t o poisonous gases and many of them suffer from lung diseases.3)During the war，the soldier risked his life helping others to escape.4)Do trust me. You can rely on me to keep your secret.5)If you are attacked or robbed a t knifepoint ，how would you react then?6)She is such an extraordinary girl that she always stands out in a crowd.7)Obviously，this foolish idea runs contrary to common sense(常识).8)I was very tired and had to f lag down a taxi in order to get home early.9)The mother picks/picked up her children from the kindergarten at 5:00 p.m. every day.10)The publishers took a gamble on an unknown author，and the books have sold well.11)The driver waved to us as he pulled away .12)The driver pulled over to the side of the road to see what was wrong with his truck.TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English，using the words and expressions given in brackets.1)离婚的传言不过是为他的新电影炒作的手段而已。
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程第二册Unit1(可编辑修改word版)
教案授课单元21世纪大学实用英语综合教程第二册Unit 1本（章）节授课方式课堂讲授（√）实践课（）教学时数6本（章）节教学目标After studying this unit, the students are expected to1.master the basic language and skills necessary to ask for and giveclarification;2.understand the main ideas of Text A, Text B and Text C, and master theuseful sentence structures and words and expressions found in the exercises relevant to the first two texts;3.know how to write a letter of invitation;4.know how to use V+V-ing;5.guess the meaning of unknown words in context.授课要点教学重点和难点Teaching focus:1. Master the basic language and skills necessary to make requests2. Explain some language points to the Ss.3. Explain some grammar points to the Ss.Teaching difficulties:1. How to improve Ss’ speaking ability.2. How to improve Ss’ listening ability.思考题或作业1.Review the key expressions from the previous lesson.2.Read Text B of this unit, and deepen the understanding of the theme in this unit. -Share reflections on this theme in class.3.Review the new words and phrases of this text. Try to use them in daily life.4.Finish the reading and listening tasks of this unit.教学内容与组织安排1st period Text A (Global Reading)2nd period Text A (Detailed Reading)3rd period Grammar Review4 th period Practical Writing5th period Text B6th period Improve Your Reading Skills1st period Text A (Global Reading)1 Background InformationEnglish LanguageThe English language is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is used as either a primary or secondary language in many countries.During the 1500s, fewer than 2 million people spoke English. All of them lived in what is now Great Britain. Through the centuries, as the result of various historical events, English spread throughout the world. Today, about 400 million people speak English as their native language. Most of them live in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States.Another 100 million people living chiefly in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and in many African countries speak English in addition to their own language. An additional 200 million people probably know at least some English. (From the 1998 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia)Characteristics of EnglishVocabulary. English has a larger vocabulary than any other language. There are more than 600,000 words in the largest dictionaries of the English language.Some English words have been passed on from generation to generation as far back as scholars can trace. These words, such as woman, man, sun, hand, love, go, and eat, express basic ideas and feelings. Later, many words were borrowed from other languages, including Arabic, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Russian, and Spanish. For example, algebra is from Arabic, fashion from French, piano from Italian, and canyon from Spanish.A number of words, such as doghouse and splashdown, were formed by combining other words. New words were also created by blending words. For example, motor and hotel were blended into motel. Words can be shortened to form new words, as was done with history to form story. Words called acronyms are formed by using the first letter or letters of several words. The word radar is an acronym for radio detection and ranging.Pronunciation and spelling in English sometimes seem illogical or inconsistent. Many words are spelled similarly though pronounced differently. Examples include cough, though, and through. Other words, such as blue, crew, to, too, and shoe, have similar pronunciations but are spelled differently. Many of these variations show changes that occurred during the development of English. The spelling of some words remained the same through the centuries, though their pronunciation changed.Grammar is the set of principles used to create sentences. These principles define the elements used to assemble sentences and the relationships between the elements. The elements include parts of speech and inflections.Parts of speech are the word categories of the English language. Scholars do not all agree on how to describe the parts of speech. The traditional description listseight classes: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. The most important relationships of the parts of speech include subject and verb, verb and predicate, and modifier and the word modified.English has fewer inflections than most other European languages. An English noun has only two inflections, the plural and the possessive. Inflections are used to change the tense and number of a verb or the case of a pronoun. Inflections can change adjectives to the comparative or the superlative — for example, big, bigger, biggest.American EnglishAmerican English is a variety of the English language spoken in the United States. Although all Americans do not speak the same way, their speech has enough in common that American English can be recognized as a variety of English distinct from British English, Australian English, and other national varieties. American English has grown up with the country. It began to diverge from British English during its colonial beginnings and acquired regional differences and ethnic flavor during the settlement of the continent.Today it influences other languages and other varieties of English because it is the medium by which the attractions of American culture — its literature, motion pictures, and television programs — are transmitted to the world.Characteristics of American EnglishA. PronunciationIn broad terms, Canadian and American speakers tend to sound like one another. They also tend to sound different from a large group of English speakers who sound more British, such as those in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. For example, most Canadians and Americans pronounce an r sound after the vowel in words like barn, car,and farther, while speakers from the British English group do not. Also, some British English speakers drop h sounds at the beginning of words, so that he and his are pronounced as if they were spelled ee and is. The English spoken in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa sounds more like British English than American English does because these varieties have had less time to diverge from British English. The process of separate development began later in these countries than in North America.In some cases there are differences between American English and British English in the rhythm of words. British speakers seem to leave out a syllable in words like secretary, as if it were spelled secretry, while Americans keep all the syllables. The opposite is true of other words, such as specialty, which Americans pronounce with three syllables (spe-cial-ty) while British speakers pronounce it with five syllables (spe-ci-al-i-ty). Vowels and consonants may also have different pronunciations. British speakers pronounce zebra to rhyme with Debra, while American speakers make zebra rhyme with Libra. Canadian and British speakers pronounce the word schedule as if it began with an sh sound, while Americans pronounce it as if it began with an sk sound.B. WordsThe most frequently used words are shared by speakers of different varieties of English. These words include the most common nouns, the most common verbs, and most function words (such as pronouns, articles, and prepositions). The different varieties of English do, however, use different words for many words that are slightly less common — for example, British crisps for American potato chips, Australian billabong for American pond, and Canadian chesterfield for American sofa. It is even more common for the same word to exist with different meanings in different varieties of English.Corn is a general term in Britain, for which Americans use grain, while corn in American English is a specific kind of grain. The word pond in British English usually refers to an artificial body of water, whereas ponds also occur naturally in North America. British English chemist is the same as American English drugstore, and in Canada people go to the druggist. Many of the words most easily recognized as American in origin are associated with aspects of American popular culture, such as gangster or cowboy.C. SpellingAmerican English spelling differs from British English spelling largely because of one man, American lexicographer Noah Webster. In addition to his well-known An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828), Webster published The American Spelling Book (1783, with many subsequent editions), which became one of the most widely used schoolbooks in American history. Webster’s books sought to standardize spelling in the United States by promoting the use of an American language that intentionally differed from British English. The development of a specifically American variety of English mirrored the newcountry’s separate political development. Webster’s most successful changes were spellings with or instead of our (honor, labor for the British honour, labour); with er instead of re (center, theater for the British centre, theatre); with an s instead of a c (defense, license for the British defence, licence); with a final ck instead of que (check, mask for the British cheque, masque); and without a final k (traffic, public, now also used in British English, for the older traffick, publick). Later spelling reform created a few other differences, such as program for British programme. Canadian spelling varies between the British and American forms, more British in eastern Canada and more American in western Canada.2. Group DiscussionHave you ever had an experience in which you are misunderstood or have failed to understand others? Misunderstandings can result from the spoken form or written form of the language that you use.2nd period Text A (Detailed Reading)Words and Expressions & Difficult Sentences1) misunderstanding: n. (an example of) wrong understanding 误解，误会e.g. Her poor French often leads to misunderstandings when she visits France. misunderstand: vt. understand wrongly 误解e.g. I’m sorry, I misunderstood you.It seems that you have misunderstood what I said at the meeting.2) get on: board (a bus, a train, etc.)登上（公共汽车、火车等）e.g. When I got on the bus, I found all the seats were occupied.They felt worried when they realized that they had got on the wrong train.3) head for: go towards 向…走去；朝…行进e.g. The ship was heading for Britain.He headed for the bus stop.4) … he could ride to New York without paying.介词without 解释为“不、未”，其后跟动词时，须用V-ing形式。
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版第二册第一单元教案
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版第二册第一单元教案Unit 1 Ways of LearningTeaching Aims:1.Understanding the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between the Chinese and western learning styles) and structure of the text(introduction of the topic by an anecdote-elaboration by comparison and contrast-conclusion by a suggestion)2.Appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compare and contrast (point-to-point method or one-side-at-time method)3.Grasp the key language points in Texts A and grammatical structures in the text4.Understand the cultural background related to the content5.Conducting a series of theme-related reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities6.Learn to write notices, etc.Teaching Keypoints:1.Grasp the main idea of Text A and language points in Text A2.Cultural background about Chinese and western ways of learning3.Analysis of the difficult sentences in Text A Teaching Difficulties:1.Writing strategy and style demonstrated in Text A2.Learn how to understand the structure of difficult and long sentencesTeaching Aids:Teacher-guided, discussion, exercises, group-activities, student-centredTeaching period: 12 classesTeaching Procedure:Step 1Warming up1.Have students read the overview of page 2, students will understand the main topic of unit (ways of learning in Chinese and western countries)2.Have students listen to the script of listening part, explain some difficult sentences andBenjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. (T)4. For the Westerners, learning should take place by continual careful shaping and molding.(F)(= The Chinese think that learning should take place by continual careful shaping and molding.)5.Chinese teachers hold the opinion that skills should be acquired as early as possible, while American educators think that creativity should be acquired early. (T)6.Add more questions about the text:Where and when did the incident take place? Who are the main characters in this incicent? What is Howard Gardner?Why do the couple come to China?How old is the son of the author？Through what does the baby get pleasure in the incident?What is the attitude of his parents ?What is the attitude of the hotel staff towards Benjamin effort?7.Answer the questions of on page 10-11ⅱUnderstanding the main idea of the text Division of the Text APara(s). Main IdeasParts1 1~5 The text begins with ananecdote.2 6~13 The author’s thoughts aremainly about differentapproaches to learning inChina and the West.3 14 The author winds up the textwith a suggestion in theform of a question.Step 3 Detailed Reading of Text AⅠ. Difficult Sentences1. (LL. 13~15) Because of his tender age andincomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail. Paraphrase the sentence. (= Because he was so young and didn’t quite know that he should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot, he would usually fail.)2. (L. 15) Benjamin was not bothered in the least.(= Benjamin was not bothered at all.)3. (L. 30) … and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.And to help explain Chinese attitudes toward creativity.4. (LL. 37~39) …since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?What does the desired action refer to? (= Positioning the key carefully to fit into the slot.)5. (L. 39) He may well get frustrated and angry. (= He is likely to get frustrated and angry.)Eg . You use “may well” when you are saying what you think is likely to happen.6. (L. 47~48) He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us. What do the two activities refer to?(= Having a good time and exploring.)“activities that did matter to us”.(= activities that were important to us.)7. (L. 52) …whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed…= No matter whether it is placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for some mistakes.) the subjunctive mood eg. Whether he be present or absent, we shall have to do our part.)8. (LL. 80~81) …young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition…(西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。
U校园新一代大学英语(基本篇)综合教学教程2(全)
U校园新一代大学英语（基础篇）综合教程2 unit1答案Unit 1Campus cultureiPrepare1-1 Setting the sceneSetting the sceneiExplore 11-2 iExplore 1: ReadingViewing1.b,d,h2.c,f,l3.a,g,i4.k5.e,j6.Yes, the suggestions are very helpful for me as college is a critical moment fo r me to get to know myself better. Only when I see myself clearly and know wh at I really want and who I want to become can I steer myself toward a bright fu ture. Besides, as long as I find my true self, I need to stay true to it. Otherwise, I would take the wrong path, drift far away from my goals and finally lose myse lf in the life journey.Reading indetailVocabularyUnderstanding1-3 iExplore 1: Building your language Words and expressions1.lean2.heavily3.terrified4.bumped5.lengthy6.flaws1.A2.B3.B4.A5.A6.B7.A8.BCollocations1.1)B1.2)A2.1)A2.2)B3.1)A3.2)B4.1)B4.2)A1.take notes2.vitally important3.takes time4.do the laundrypletely random6.Lean heavily on/heavily lean onVocabulary learning strategies1.inevitable2.unacceptable3.immature4.irresponsible5.irregular6.inconsiderate7.illiterate8.independent9.unconscious10.illegal11.impractical12.undecided1.irresponsible2.illiterate3.immature4.lrregular5. unacceptable6. inconsiderate Language focus1.to be chosen2.to share3.to be contacted4.to be taken5.to know1.to be printed out2.to do whatever you want3.to discoverwho you are4.to be warned ofBanked cloze1.living2.belong3.poke4.seeking5.chose6.randomfortable8.found9.worse10.amazingiExplore 21-4 iExplore: ReadingViewing1.Mental health problems.2.Anxiety, depression, and relationship problems.3.She went to the therapist, and asked for help.4.They should talk to somebody.5.She has learned that there's nothing in life she, or anyone for that matter, ca n't overcome.Yes, I felt a little depressed after entering university last September as I hadn't adapted to the life in the new city yet. I complained to my roommates several t imes. Luckily, they were really helpful and warm-hearted, always comforting and encouraging me. We often spent time togethe r and had great fun, chatting and laughing in the dorm, doing assignments in t he library, and sharing food in the canteen. Gradually, I returned to what I was like before. Now, all my roommates have become my intimate friends.No, all t he new friends around me seem to be really positive. Although we have a lot o f pressure from life and study, we often encourage each other to overcome diff iculties on our way to growth. More importantly, our teachers are always ready to help. Whenever we meet difficulties, we can ask them for help.Reading in detailVocabularyUnderstanding1-5 iExplore 2: Building yourlanguageWords and expressions1.Obstacles2.Sympathy3.Overcome4.Confident5.Anxiety6.Blamed7.Reacted8.Hesitated1.stay true to2.regardless of3.in another person's shoes / in someone else's shoes4.take on5.in the wake of6.other thanCollocations1.ask for help /seek help2.mental health3.good health4.close relationship5.meaningful relationship / lasting relationship6.provides an opportunity / provides the opportunity / creates an opportunity / creates the opportunity1.dangerously2.incredibly3.ultimately4.actuallypletely6.understandablyVocabulary learning strategies1.Confident2.Question3.Lost confidence4.Uncertainty5.Excited6.Vulnerable7.gratefulTranslation1.许多新生面临的一个主要问题是既想家，又缺乏归属感。
新世纪大学英语综合课程2unit1课文翻译和课后答案
陌生人的善意迈克·麦金太尔一年夏天，我从家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍城开车前往新奥尔良。
在沙漠深处，我碰到一个年轻人站在路旁。
他一只手打出拇指向外的手势，另一只手里拿着一个汽油罐。
我直接从他身边开过去了。
别人会停下来的，我想。
再说，那汽油罐只是个让车停下、好抢劫司机的幌子而已。
在这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋，而如今你要是帮了你就是笨蛋。
到处潜伏着犯罪团伙、吸毒上瘾者、杀人犯、强奸犯、盗窃犯还有劫车犯，为什么要冒险呢“我不想卷进去”已经成为全国性的信条。
2 开过了几个州以后，我还在想着那个想搭便车的人。
把他一个人留在沙漠中倒并没有让我有多么不安。
让我不安的是，我多么轻易地就做出了这个决定。
我甚至根本没把脚从油门上抬起来。
我很想知道，现在还有人会停车吗3 我想到我此行的目的地——新奥尔良。
那里是田纳西·威廉姆斯的剧作《欲望号街车》的背景地。
我回想起布兰奇·杜波依斯的名句：“我总是依赖陌生人的善意。
”4 陌生人的善意。
听起来好怪。
如今这年头还有谁能指望陌生人的善意吗5 要验证这一点，一个办法是一个人从东海岸旅行到西海岸，不带一分钱，完全依靠美国同胞的善意。
他会发现一个什么样的美国谁会给他饭吃、让他歇脚、捎他一程呢6 这个念头激起了我的好奇心。
但谁会这么不切实际、愿意去尝试这样一次旅行呢好吧，我想，那不如我来试试7 满37岁那个星期，我意识到我这辈子还从没冒过什么险呢。
所以我决定来个观念的跨越，美洲大陆那么宽——从太平洋去大西洋，不带一分钱。
要是有人给我钱，我会拒绝。
我只接受搭顺风车、提供食物和让我歇脚的帮助。
这将是穿越这片金钱至上的土地上一次无钱的旅行。
我的最终目的地是北卡罗来纳州的“恐惧角”（即开普菲尔），它象征着我沿途必须克服的所有恐惧。
8 1994年9月6日，我早早起床，背起一个50磅重的包，朝金门桥走去。
我从背包里拿出一个牌子，向过路的车辆展示我的目的地：“美利坚”。
新编大学英语第三版第二册(浙江大学出版社)短语及句子翻译1-6单元
Uint 1Phrases and expressions●engage in 从事，参与He has the will to engage in management.●let on泄露秘密I’m sure he knows more than he’s letting on.●make it 按时赶到We just made it on time for the wedding.●now that 既然，由于Now that dinner is ready,wash your hands.●on leave休假He is home on leave from the Navy.●see (to it) that 注意，务必做到，保证See to it that you are not late again.●set the pace确定速度；制定标准If we let the fastest runner set the pace, the others will be left behind.●subject…to…使承受，使遭受He subjected us to a very difficult test.●as though/if好像，似乎I feel as though we have never parted.●be on/off duty 上/下班I have to be on duty this weekend night●clear one’s throat清嗓子He coughed in order to clear his throat.●come (back) to life1)（变）活跃The quiet girl has come to life since she lived with her grandpa.2)苏醒；复活The drowned man can not come to life.●deprive…of…剥夺A lot of these children have been deprived of a normal home life.●open the floodgates1)打开（某人的）心扉The discussion sessions allow people to open the floodgates to their deepest fears.2)放开限制或控制因素No one knows how fast China will open the floodgates to investors or foreign firms.●tuck…in1)把……塞进（掖好）Jack tucked his shirt in.2)安顿（某人）上床睡觉I’ll come up and tuck you in a minute.●turn up1)出现He’s still hoping a good chance will turn up.2)开大，调高Turn up the radio, so I can hear the news clearly. Translation1.3000多辆汽车因刹车问题昨日被召回。
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Words and Expressions （unit11）1. preach:v. deliver a religious speeche.g. Christ preached to large crowds.The priest preached a sermon on the need for charity.Derivation:preacher: n.Collocation:preach at/to/about: to offer unwanted advice on matters of right and wrong.2. escort v. go with and protect sb.e.g. The queen was escorted by the directors as she toured the factory.The police escorted her to the airport.Collocation:escort sb. (to sth.)3. rhythmical: adj. having a regular repeated pattern of weak and strong stressese.g. The rhythmical sound of the train sent him to sleep.He could hear the rhythmical beating of his heart.Derivation:rhythm: n.4. moan: n. a soft low sound of pain or grief; a complaint, expressed in a suffering discontentedvoicee.g. From time to time there was a moan of pain from the sick man.We had a good moan about the weather.Derivations:moaner: n.moan: v.Collocation:moan about: complain annoyingly5. leave out:v. phr.1) pay no attention to sb.e.g. No one speaks to him; he’s always left out.2) fail to includee.g. This word is wrongly spelt; you’ve left out a letter.Don’t leave me out when you’re giving out the invitations!Collocations:leave over: postpone sth.leave off: stop sth./doing sth.leave behind: fail or forget to bring or take sb./sth.6. hold out:1) stretch oute.g. He held out his hand to Mary.2) offere.g. These plans hold out the prospect of new jobs for the area.Science may hold out the prospect of feeding the hungry.3) last; remaine.g. How much longer can our supplies hold out?The town was surrounded but the people held out until help came.Collections:hold back: make something stay in place; prevent from moving, esp. in spite of pressurehold down: control the freedom of sb.; oppress sb.hold off: (of rain, a storm, etc.) not occur; be delayedhold on: wait or stop7. swirl: v. move round and round quicklye.g. The water swirled about his feet.The leaves were swirled away on the wind.Derivation:swirl: nTranslation:Smoke swirled up the chimney.烟气从烟囱里袅袅上升。
The log was swirled away downstream by the current.水流载着原木盘旋而下。
8. mighty: adj. very great in forcee.g. He raised the hammer and struck the rock a mighty blow.She gave him a mighty thump.Derivation:might: n.Idioms:high and mighty: arrogant; haughtythe pen is mightier than the sword: poets, thinker, ect., affect human affairs more than soldiers do9.wail: v. cry or complain in a loud (usu. shrill) voicee.g. The sick child was wailing miserably.There is no use wailing about/over mistakes made in the past.Collocation:wail about/over sth.: cry or complain about sth. in a loud (usu. shrill) voiceTranslation:You can hear the wind wailing in the chimney.你可以听到风穿过烟囱发出的尖叫声。
Stop weeping and wailing and do something about it!别那么哭天喊地的了，还是做点什么吧！Comparison: wail; sobsob: draw in breath noisily and irregularly from sorrow, pain, etc., esp. while crying10. serenely:adv. calmly and peacefullye.g. She smiled serenely and said nothing.She just says what she thinks, serenely indifferent to whether it may offend people. Derivations:serene: adj.serenity: nSynonyms:peacefully; tranquilly11. sob: v. to cry while making short bursts of sound as one breathes in, because of sadness or feare.g. A little girl was sitting sobbing in the corner.She sobbed into her handkerchief.Derivation:sobbing: adjsob: n.Synonyms:cry; wailCollocation:sob sth. out: tell sth. while sobbingIdioms:sob oneself to sleep: sob until one falls asleepsob one’s heart out: cry bitterly with great emotion12. swing:v. move backwards and forwardse.g. He walked briskly along the path, swinging his rolled-up umbrella.The sign was swinging in the wind.Collocations:swing around/round: turn suddenly to face the opposite wayswing (sb.) (from sth.) to sth.: (cause sb. to) change suddenly from one opinion or mood, etc. to anotherIdioms:swing into action: act swiftlyswing the lead: (try to) avoid work or a duty, usually by pretending to be ill13. grin v. smile broadlye.g. The children grinned with pleasure when I gave them the sweets.He grinned at me, as if sharing a secret joke.Synonym:smileCollocations:grin at sb.: smile broadly, so as to show the teeth, expressing amusement, foolish satisfaction, etc.grin from ear to ear: smile very broadlyIdiom:grin and bear it: endure pain, disappointment, etc. without complaining14. rejoice: v. show great joye.g. She rejoiced in meeting the challenge of her new job.I rejoiced to see that she had made such a quick recovery.Derivation:rejoicing: n.Collocations:rejoice at/over sth.: feel or show great joyrejoice in sth.: have or glory in (a title, etc)15. ecstatic: adj. showing great joye.g. I wasn’t exactly ecstatic about being woken up at two o’clock in the morning.The new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd.Derivation:ecstasy: n.16. deceive: vt. make someone believe something that is not truee.g. He had been deceived by a young man claiming to be the son of a millionaire. Collocations:deceive sb. into doing sth.e.g. He tried to deceive the public into thinking the war could still be won. deceive sb. about sth.e.g. I wouldn't deceive you about anything as important as this.Phrase:deceive oneselfe.g. I thought she loved me, but I was deceiving myself.Synonym:trickDerivations:deception: n.deceptive: adj.。