四级写作强化班讲义
9、2015年6月第三套：社会热点：两代关系
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief
7、2015年6月真题第一套：流行文化 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write
an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
description of the picture and then comment on parents’ role in their
children’s growth. You should write at least 120 words but no more
than 180 words.
2、Argument：论证，2-3句，四大论证手段
1) Cause and Effect：因果论证 2）Exemplification：举例论证 3）Compare and Contrast：正反论证
4）图画作文创作原则：联系现实 以小见大，把握象征寓意， 个体想为群体，具体想为抽象 联系现实核心词：represent 代表，symbolize 象征， epitomize 是…的缩影， be naturally associated with 自然与…联系起来 3、（Summary：小结，概括论证、总结本段，1句）
8、2015年6月第二套：教育文化：教育
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief
（二）图画作文范文：2015年6月真题：流行文化 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write
an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
description of the picture and then comment on the kid’s understanding
of going to school. You should write at least 120 words but no more
than 150 words.
and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills.
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
4、2013年12月第一套：教育文化：流行文化
communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can
replace face-to-face contact. You should write at least 120 words but no
more than 180 words.
brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain
why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You
should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
6、2013年12月第三套：教育文化：教育
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a
brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people
第二段：The metaphorical portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and computer. On the one hand, there is no denying that the computer is currently one of the most efficient tools either to entertain oneself or to meet the work's needs. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to computers to maintain face-to-face contact with their friends and colleagues. Once indulged in the fictitious world, people feel reluctant to approach others and to concentrate on real life.
3、2013年6月第三套：教育文化：教育
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture
brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people’s life
and then explain the consequences of overusing it. You should write at
least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
第三段：Hence, it is necessary for us to use computers in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. After all, the computer is invented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach.
5、2013年12月第二套：教育文化：流行文化
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a
and then express your views on the importance of doing small things
before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words
but no more than 180 words.
四级写作强化 第二节 论说文
微博：新东方王江涛 微信：jtwang2013
一、论说文行文大法：
3段，10句左右，120-180词，3-5个关联词，3-5个从句
（一）Introduction：第一段，引言/起始/淘金段，3句左右 1、图表或图画描述：图表或图画作文 1）General description 总体描述：1句，人物/动物/事物+动作+环 境（图画）或主题+对象+时间（图表） 2）Details 1,2,3 细节描述：1-2句，挖掘细节词、串连成句 3）（Caption 文字说明/Symbolic meanings 象征寓意）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
新东方四级强化写作课程!
新东方四级强化写作课程*写作时的基本注意事项：1.卷面是否整洁，是否达到了要求的字数。
2.作文的第一段是否好，是否抓住了老师的眼球，是否给老师一个良好的第一印象。
3.每段的第一句话是否精彩。
4.结尾句是否够重视。
*大纲要求：1.内容切题，包含题目中提纲的全部内容要点。
2.表达清楚，文字连贯（要有过渡句）。
3.句子结构和用词皆准确，句式要有变化。
4.文章长度符合要求。
*四级文章分类1.图表式（1次，02年6月）2.提纲式（自2000起20次）①正反对比类，你选哪一方？（4次）②个人观点类（2次）③社会热点类（5次）④应用文（7次）⑤记叙文（2次）⑥永恒话题何为正反对比类？（A or B）对同一问题先后亮出甲乙两种不同相反观点机及其理由，然后要求你亮明自己的观点和理由。
基本套路：1.甲方的观点和理由。
2.乙方的观点和理由。
3.我的看法和理由。
何为个人观点类？在若干的选项中，做出一个你的选择，并说出你的理由。
基本套路：1.提出一种社会现象。
2.列出多种选项。
3.你的选择。
何为社会热点类？介绍关注度较高的一种社会现象，围绕其进行分析讨论。
基本套路：1.介绍现象。
2.揭示其危害和好处。
3.我们应该怎么去做。
应用文演讲稿，通知等等。
何为永恒话题？如，要你谈论一句经典的偐语，或是谈论“友谊”“亲情”之类的话题。
具体写作方法及技巧讲解一．正反对比类例：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a T est of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your competition on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是......2. 也有人持不同意见，......3. 我的看法和打算(2000年6月)* * * * * * * * * *Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a sh ort essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given bel ow :1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3．我认为……Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?(05年12月)* * * * * * * * **Direction：１．许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会２．但有些人提出取消春节晚会．３．我的看法．(06年12月)* * * * * * * ** *Free Admission to museums1越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2也会带来一些问题； 3你的看法？(09年6月)三段基本内容：1.引入话题+甲方观点及理由（两条理由），四句话。
大学英语四级作文讲义
1. Young people may find going abroad appealing because they really enjoy it. (空洞句) Young people may find going abroad appealingbecause we can learn a lot and broad oue view ina different counties.2. The reason I like surfing the Internet because it is my favorite hobby. （句子碎片）The reason why is that ………It is widely accepted/ believed thatIt goes without saying that3. Mobile phone is very common in our society, about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it.Mobile phone is very common in our society and about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it（标点）4. Some students did not choose their courses wisely, consequently, their credits for college admission were inadequate.Some students did nit choose their course wisely ,consequently; (分号)5. I kept on thinking about failing in NINEM for MA/MS in last year. Why? Because of the time.Because of the time is limited. （从句不可以成为主句）6. I am going to have a lot of activities during the summer vacation. For example playing in the field, climbing the mountain, and traveling by train.for example 后一般只跟一样东西such as 可以在后面加许多7. College students doing part-time jobs is good to his family, himself and the society.to their family theirselves and the society(错误指代)8. I will meet with lots of difficulties, but I think I can overcome it. (faulty reference)9. Finding a good apartment is as difficult as to pay the rent.10. The canteen should setup several televisions. Improvement of the Sentence Writing1. Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.2. Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.3. Such belief is wrong and dangerous.As a matter of fact ,such belief is unfortunately wrong and possible dangerous (副词)4. There are two reasons for the effect.There are two possible resons fot the this dangerous effect (形容词)5. I think we can take three measures to solve the problem.Three measure , I think can be taken to solve the problem. （插入语）6. It seems that the first part is better written than the other parts.the first part ,it seem s is better than the other parts（插入语）7. We are making great efforts to improve our English. Great efforts are being made to improve （多用被动语态)8. Because of social demands, there appear many evening schools.Many eveing schools are made called to existence by social demands(多用被动语态)9. Diplomas are very attractive because it is demanded by our society.Why are these diplones so attractive and charming ?The reason for this is that it is (无中生有)10. English studying is very common because it is widely used in our society.11. Living in the countryside is the best thing for me.Nothing could be better for me than living in the countryside(反问陈述)12. Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements.It is impossible to pick up an newspaper without fing ads13. We can see from the above graphs that from 1990 to 1995 the price of meat was on the rise, while consumption increased.14. Although we hold different attitudes towards opportunity, no one should neglect its importance.Different as the attitudes one ,no one (as的作用)15. As is shown by the two graphs, from 1800 to 1900, with the rapid growth of U.S. population, the number of species no longer existing shot up, adding up to 70 in 1990.During the period of the time from16. Pollution is an extremely serious problem：the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.17. Beijing has won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Game! Many college students could not sleep that night because they were so excited.18. Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.19. The style of living has become more and more popular and accepted by more and more young people.20. More and more people agree (realize/are aware) that women should enjoy full equality with men.21. Teachers are called “engineers of human soul”.22. Does television have more advantages than disadvantages?23. I am in favor of equal rights for women. I think women should especially have the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms. They should get the same pay as men for the same job. They should also have equal opportunities for promotion.24. True friends will be very proud of your progress. If you face difficulties true friends will encourage you.①空洞句②句子碎片③标点④分号⑤从句不可成为主句⑥破折号⑦错误指代⑨平行结构⑩被动⑾要用人做主语⑿形容词和副词⒀插入语⒁无中生有⒂⒃陈述⒄冗余结构⒅反面绪论的句型————文章的开头段部分第一类：选择题型的开头For most people today, ____________has become their main source of__________, but as forme, __________should be regarded as a better source.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of____________. Somepeople suggest that, while others argue that____________, l agree with the latter.It is a quite controversial argument whether_____________. In my opinion, l think that____________is a better idea because of_____________.It is often difficult for some people to decide whether ___________. But for others, the advantages of__________ always outweigh the disadvantages.From my point of view it is more advisable to choose______________ rather than____________.People differ greatly in their attitudes towards this problem. Some people hold the opinion that____________. Others, on the contrary, maintain that ____________. Personally, I stand on the side of____________.Despite the fact that most of them like____________, I would like to choose to_____________. 第二类：判断题型的开头赞成类l agree with the statement to some extent that ___________.I can see both advantages and disadvantages to_____________. Overall, l think it is a good idea. Consequently I agree with the title statement that________________.I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that______________.Many people advocate that___________, they claim that_______________, my opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons.At first glance, it seems very difficult for us to draw a definite concIusion that_______________is right or wrong, because it has both advantages and disadvantages.However, after serious considerahons we can see that under most cireumstances _____________ will do more good than harm.Two different opinions obviously exist to support and to oppose. After pondering theopinions from several aspects, personally, I agree with the idea that____________.反对类Nowadays, the problem of _____________has aroused public attention. Some peoplecriticize that. They believe that____________. However, I firmly objectto this argument.Until recently, ______________ was viewed as the prime argument, but people are taking a fresh look at it.Although it is an admirable idea, ____________ is not always a realistic option.Thinking logically, I can only say that this statement is valid because.Some people think that_______________, frankly speaking, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below.To make it an extreme, the majority would argue that __________．It is essentialFor______________.第三类：论述题型的开头One of the hottest topics many People talk about now is___________.It has become apparent to us that______________.____________ plays a vital part in everyone's daily work and life.In the past few years, there has been a growing trend that____________.One of the universal issues thet draw growing concern is_____________._______________. This view has been shared now by more and more people.____________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today's society. We can see it almost everywhere. This phenomenon is the result of several reasons.With the development of society, _____________.In recent years, many cities have been faced with the serious problem of___________.One of the great writers once said that__________. Now it still has a realisticsignificance.When asked about ___________,people have al1 kind of views concerning it. From mypoint of view, ____________.本论的句型————文章的理由段部分承上启下的过渡句型In my opinion, the phenomenon __________is mainly due to several factors.A number of reasons may help at this point.This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.Putting too much emphasis on ___________ may result in obscuring other facts.To assume that ________ is destined to miss the following points.The reasons and examples 1isted below will strengthen my point of view.阐述理由的句型The main problem with this argument is that ___________.The root cause for __________ is____________.The most immediate reason for ___________ is ___________.One of the factor accounts for is that _____________.举例This offers a typical instance of ____________.Take __________ for example.We may cite a common example of ___________.结论的句型——文章的结论部分In short,___________. In sum,___________.In summary, ___________. In a word, __________.Taking into account of all these factors, I think that ___________.Based on the points discussed above, we can see ___________.With the improvement of ___________, ___________ will prove to hold great superiority over ____________.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that _________. There are a lot of details to consider, but al1 in all, I support the idea that _________.While it is true that the argument I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think that ____________. 问题解决提出解决方案Measures must be taken toIt is high time we had toIt is pressing/indispensable/essential that proper actions/effective measures should be taken to Great efforts should be put into/focused onWe need to take a fresh/clear look/view at this matter/problem/situation /in a new perspective/ from a new standpoint.最佳、最重要解决方案的句型What we can do is simply toThe best approach/solution to … isIt is urgent/pressing/significant/practical/feasible to应用文常用句型常见辩论话题理由1．SmokingFor：1．it is pleasurable and relaxing2．it is one's right3．it is difficult to stop smoking4．it is an old custom going back hundreds of years5．it is not always dangerous to one's health6．it makes socializing easier7．it is an important source of tax revenue8．intoxication is a natural drive (e.g., coffee, drugs, alcohol)Against:1．it is harmful to one's health (e.g., heart disease, bronchial trouble, lung cancer )2．it is harmful to those nearby3．it is a dirty and expensive habit4．it is addictive (i.e., nicotine)5．it is quickly being banned in public areas6．it lives off deceptive advertising2．School UniformsFor：1．they build character2．they eliminate class differences3．they allow students to better concentrate on their studies4．they are popular with parents and administrators5．they are inexpensive6．they are attractive and neat7．they eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day8．many countries have themAgainst：1．they lead to conformity2．they are disliked by students (students like to primp)3．they create a military mentality4．they are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks) 5．they are ugly and childish6．they deprive youths of an important choice: what to wear7．they are losing popularity everywhere3．Legalized GamblingFor：1．it reduces taxes2．it is a source of government revenue3．it is gaining popularity in the world4．it is an old practice dating back thousands of years5．it is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos)6．it is voluntary7．many people play poker and mahjongAgainst：1．it is banned in most countries2．it is condemned by most religions3．it can become addictive4．it encourages people to throw away their hard-earned savings5．it teaches people not to work for money6．it can destroy happy families7．it can lead to suicide8．it is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers )4．City LifeFor：1．it is exciting2．it attracts people from the countryside3．it offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores4．it offers many amenities (e.g., swimming pools, bowling alleys, and sports stadiums ) 5．it offers many chances of employment6．its noise and overcrowding are hardly noticeable7．cities have an efficient public transportation system8．city planners can create a good living environment 9．crime can be found in the countryside as wellAgainst ：1．it is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution )2．it is not a good environment for children3．it is devoid of Nature and distinct seasons4．it is noisy and dangerous5．it makes people nervous and even neurotic6．it has created awful slums7．cities are overcrowded and expensive8．many city dwellers long to return to the countryside 9．city housing projects are unpopular5．Informing Patients Of CancerFor：1．patients want to know2．it is wrong to hide the truth3．it is not a shock for the patient but for his family4．it gives the patient a chance to plan his last days5．it is the patient' s body, not the doctor' s6．doctors are for it (in the U. S.)7．it allows a person to choose alternate means of treatment Against：1．it is heartless and cruel2．it may make the patient give up3．it causes depression4．it can lead to suicide5．most relatives are against it6．a white lie can save undue suffering7．doctors are against it (in Japan)6．Social SecurityFor：1．the state should help the poor, aged, unemployed, and sick 2．the state should provide good health care for its citizens 3．the strong must help the weak4．Social Darwinism is outdated5．there will always be social misfits that need help6．all religions stress charity7．all advanced countries have some form of social securityAgainst ：1．it costs too much2．it encourages laziness and destroys the work ethic3．it does not work efficiently4．people should look after themselves5．it results in heavy taxes6．Social Darwinism tells us that life is the "survival of the fittest" 7．there are no freebies in life7．CoeducationFor ：1．it is natural (i.e., adult society is not segregated )2．it gives men and women a chance to better understand one another 3．it gives men and women a chance to compete with one another 4．it is the modern trend5．it has many practical advantages (e.g., school plays, music groups) 6．it produces well-adjusted adults7．most parents prefer coeducation.8．separate schools foster sexual rivalry9．women become neurotic in all-women' s schoolsAgainst ：1．women do better academically in their own colleges2．women are in college to get an education, not a husband 3．women have their own values to develop4．it can lead to intimacy and promiscuity5．it is still rare in some countries6．it is opposed by some parents7．it robs women of their self-confidence8．separate schools have existed for centuries9．marry great men and women attended separate schools8．Corporal PunishmentFor ：1．children are not adults2．children respect discipline3．it is a check on excessive permissiveness4．it does no permanent damage because children are hardy creatures 5．it is opposed only by mixed-up psychologists6．it is a form of training7．it builds real character8．it reinforces the authority of teachers and parents9．it works to control juvenile delinquency10. there is the saying: Spare the rod and spoil the childAgainst ：1．it is barbarous2．Freud said it is wrong3．love is better than physical punishment4．it can cause psychological problems5．it is not necessary if children are raised correctly6．it is an emotional, irrational response7．it can result in a lawsuit8．beatings have been known to result in death9．there is the saying : Violence begets violence9．Organ TransplantsFor ：1．they prolong life2．they are supported by the medical profession3．they enhance medical science4．they are a challenge to surgeons5．critically ill people want transplants in order to live6．costs will come down as the surgery becomes routine7．there is no "time" to die8．death is defined as brain death9．the drugs cyclosporine and FK-506 have helped eliminate the problem of rejection Against ：1．they are too expensive2．they favor the rich3．they encourage the poor in Third World countries to sell their organs4．they are unnatural as seen by the body' s rejection5．they are often unsuccessful6．the idea is sinister7．Nature has decided when we should die8．the process of deciding who gets the next available organ is unfair9．there is as yet no agreement on what constitutes death (brain -dead versus heart-dead)10．Civil DisobedienceFor ：1．it draws attention to unjust of unconstitutional laws2．it is a matter of religious or moral convictions3．it is the only way to fight oppression4．it is usually nonviolent5．it is used only in extreme circumstances6．it goes back to the time of Jesus Christ7．it is common, like cheating on taxes and illegal parking8．God' s laws take precedence over man' s laws9．protestors are ready to accept punishment for their beliefs10．many famous people have engaged in civil disobedience (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi and Andrei Sakharov)11．there are many famous examples such as the Boston Tea Party and conscientious objectors during the Vietnam WarAgainst ：1．no one is above the law2．it can quickly destroy law and order3．it leads to anarchy4．it leads to contempt for all laws5．protestors are cowards trying to escape punishment6．protestors often resort to violence7．the democratic process should be used to effect change11．AbortionFor ：1．it is a woman' s fundamental right, say abortion-rights advocates2．it is necessary for unwed mothers3．it is necessary for rape victims4．it is necessary in some cases to save a mother' s life5．procreation is a couple' s choice6．it is a form of birth control7．poor, illiterate women want it8．most women support it9．it is necessary to prevent overpopulation10．it prevents unwanted babies from coming into the world11．it is not murder because a fetus is not yet a human beingAgainst：1．it is murder (infanticide), say anti-choice groups2．life begins at conception3．it is an unnatural practice4．it is immoral because only God can take a life5．a fetus is a human being-unborn but viable6．the rights of a fetus must be protected7．it is painful for the fetus-a barbaric practice8．it is not the same as other modern birth-control devices9．it causes many women to have guilt feelings10．unwanted babies can be put up for adoption12．CensorshipFor ：1．it is for the good of society2．it protects children3．every society has some form of censorship4．the individual is less important than the community 5．absolute freedom leads to anarchy6．many adults are not mature enough to make their own decisions 7．it can be carried out wisely8．pornography is not art9．pornography is in the hands of unscrupulous people 10．obscene works should be banned11．it is necessary in times of warAgainst ：1．it limits the individual' s freedom and human rights2．it is not consistent with democracy3．it is subjective and not objective4．it creates the problem of who will censor5．it is disappearing in advanced countries6．it deprives adults of their right to make decisions7．it can be applied to all aspects of our lives8．it is the first step toward totalitarianism9．it draws attention to banned works and increases sales 10．voluntary censorship is better13．Equality Of the SexesFor ：1．we all have the same Creator2．matriarchal societies go back thousands of years3．all advanced societies have given women equal rights 4．most companies have adopted equal pay for equal work 5．there are no skills women cannot master6．there are even women body builders7．men have a basic inferiority complex8．women are more interested in peace than men9．some world leaders are women (e.g., Margaret Thatcher )10．women are superior to men in some fields11．no scientific studies back up the stereotypes men have of women Against ：1．women have a different biological function2．women are physically weaker than men3．women can' t be mothers and career women at the same time 4．many women want to depend on men5．most women want to stay at home and be mothers6．women haven' t been given the vote in some countries 7．women are emotional and irrational8．women think intuitively (no famous women philosophers) 9．hormones cause women to behave differently14．Foreign AidFor ：1．it is humane2．the rich should help the poor3．all religions teach charity4．it seeks to end poverty, disease, and illiteracy5．it can be used to help refugees and combat slavery6．it is given by all advanced countries7．it is supported by the Red Cross and the United Nations8．it helped rebuild Japan and Germany9．it increases world trade10．it achieves political objectives11．it promotes national securityAgainst ：1．it is degrading to the recipient2．it is never appreciated3．it leads to feelings of inferiority4．it limits the independence of developing countries5．it subsidizes laziness6．it often goes into the pockets of corrupt officials7．it supports Third World dictatorships8．it can be culturally damaging9．it has divided the United Nations10．the money should be spent at home for one' s own people15．DivorceFor ：1．it is the logical solution to a bad marriage2．it allows both persons to seek happiness in a second marriage3．it dates from as early as ancient Babylonia4．it is legally recognized by most countries5．it is accepted by most people6．remarriage is a right7．it is necessary in cases of adultery, alcoholism, desertion, drug addiction, and mental and physical cruelty8．children are better off living with one parent than with both in an unhappy environment 9．feminists support itAgainst ：1．it breaks up the family2．it makes it too easy for two persons to walk out of their marriage3．it is opposed by various religions4．it is banned by some countries5．it was uncommon until fifty years ago6．marriage is a serious responsibility7．it is a sign of immaturity8．counseling is the solution9．it harms children emotionally10．children need both parents11．child custody decisions are messy16．Compulsory Military ServiceFor ：1．it aims to strengthen national defense2．it teaches young men discipline3．it builds character and physical fithess4．it teaches valuable skills5．it nurtures a spirit of comradeship an equality6．it offers opportunities for overseas travel7．it exists in many countries (e.g., Switzerland, Singapore)8．it reduces unemployment9．it instills a sense of patriotismAgainst：1．it is unnecessary in view of today' s professional armies2．it is a step away from peace3．some countries have abolished it (e. g., the U.S., Japan)4．today' s armies do not need unskilled manpower5．it interrupts young men' s studies and careers6．it is a useless experience7．it is a source of slave labor8．it results in bullying and conformity9．it does not build character10．it can cause mental disorders11．military skills are useless in private industry17．V oluntary EuthanasiaFor ：1．it is a basic right-the right to die2．the Greek origin of the word euthanasia means "good death "3．it allows one to die with dignity4．it allows one to choose the time and place of death5．it is logical and humane6．it can be regulated with safeguards (e.g., the person must be rationally lucid) 7．it is painless8．it is the solution to a terminal illness with suffering9．the dying want it10．some doctors will assist the patient to end his life11．it recognizes death as a natural, biological process12．doctor-assisted suicide is legal in Holland, under certain guidelines Against ：1．it is murder or suicide2．it is illegal in most countries3．most doctors oppose it4．it is a first step to killing the old and infirm5．it is irreversible in the event of a new cure6．only God can end a life7．most religions oppose it8．suicide is always irrational9．the dying are too sick to know what they want10．the dying should look to hospices that dispense painkillers11．it can be abused by greedy persons seeking an inheritance18．Capital PunishmentFor：1．it frightens would-be criminals (acts as a deterrent )2．it serves as a just reward for killers3．it lowers crime rates4．it is more economical than a life sentence (saves the state money)5．in rare cases it may lead to the death of an innocent person, but this cannot be helped 6．most countries practice it7．killers should not be allowed to become hero-figures8．a life sentence is never for life but for only a few years9．killers are heartless and cruel and should not be protected by sociologistsAgainst ：1．it frightens no one2．it is motivated by revenge and not justice3．it does not lower crime rates4．it can lead to the death of an innocent person (a mistake)5．it is a barbaric practice (hanging, electric chairs, gas chambers)6．it is unjust because only God can take away life7．the real solution to crime is the elimination of social injustices and rehabilitation 8．killers are often mentally ill and in need of medical treatment9．the death penalty is being abandoned by many countries19．Trade ProtectionismFor ：1．industries need government protection2．no nation can allow its industries to be destroyed3．agriculture must be protected for national security reasons4．real free trade doesn' t exist and never has5．national security is more important than idealistic trade principles6．it has made Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan prosperous7．every nation ' s economy is shaped by its own culture8．there are various forms of free-market economy9．every nation should have an industrial policy10．governments must provide jobs for their workers by whatever meansAgainst ：1．it invites retaliation2．it invites reciprocity based on a quid pro quo basis3．it impedes world trade and prosperity4．it hurts poor, underdeveloped countries5．it leads to trade wars6．it makes industries less competitive7．it costs taxpayers large sums of money8．it gives consumers less choice9．it is denounced by most nations10．it is based not just on high tariffs but also on government regulations, inspections, certification, and distribution20．Nuclear PowerFor：1．it provides huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel2．it is the best source of energy for countries without oil3．the world' s supply of oil will be exhausted in 90 years4．it already produces most of the energy needs of some countries5．it could supply all the world' s electricity for millions of years if fully developed6．it is safe if properly supervised7．nuclear power plants create less air pollution than fossil-fuel power plants8．the issue has become far too emotionalAgainst ：1．it is too dangerous (e.g., Chernobyl accident)2．most people are afraid of it3．the world' s supply of uranium is fast decreasing4．it is better to develop other sources of energy (e.g., fusion)5．radioactive wastes cannot be disposed of6．it can produce nuclear weapons for warfare7．certain radical world leaders are trying to buy nuclear weapons8．nuclear plants are expensive to build9．the U.S. is slowly closing down its nuclear power plants10．nuclear wastes can cause cancer。
四级写作讲义
CET4写作通关班电子教材第一节四级写作总论一、课程安排：1、四级写作总论：1）考试流程2）复习计划3）学习方法4）大纲解读2、应用文：1）个人简历2）书信3）口头作文4）告示3、论说文：1）评卷实例2）万能句型4、翻译：1）最新大纲2）最新真题二、考试流程：08：45 验证入场（身份证、准考证、学生证缺一不可）09：00 发答题卡（答题卡1正面为作文题，背面写作文），9：00之后无法入场。
09：10~09：35 写作（09：35发试题册）09：35~09：40 翻译09：40~09：55 快速阅读理解（在答题卡1背面作答）09：55~10：00 收答题卡1，建议快速浏览听力选项10：00~10：35 听力理解（以下在答题卡2作答）10：35~11：05 仔细阅读理解（选词填空或简答＋篇章阅读理解）11：05~11：20 完形填空（11:05 监考教师提醒15分钟后交卷）三、复习计划：1、攻克词汇：1）词汇书：俞敏洪《四级词汇词根+联想记忆法》2）软件：《新东方背单词》（5）3）真题：最新10套四级真题4）记忆法：参见我的博客/m/jtwang：“考研复习”之“十天搞定考研词汇”2、精研真题：最新10套四级真题，尤其是2006年6月24日以后真题1）词汇：没有一个词汇不认识2）选项：没有一个选项不了解3、适当模考：参见王江涛编著《大学英语四级考试一本通》（群言出版社）四、学习方法：（一）提高实力：1、背诵：10大必背范文1）Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1、大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩2、考生可能带来的副作用3、我对考试的看法In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. No。
专四写作冲刺讲义
专业英语四级写作冲刺讲义第一部分：专业英语四级写作题型1）旧题：Direction-Write2）新题：Read-Summarize-CommentRead carefully the following except on term-time holiday arguments in the U.K. and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:•summarize the main message of the except, and then•comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.第二部分：不变1）题材●环保、社会经济发展、诚信、文化●教育择业、人生哲理（价值观）、时尚●爱心和伦理、健康、网络电讯2）核心内容（开篇点题-关联词-核心例证）第三部分：变●第一段●做题流程第四部分：做题流程1）阅读：首尾、转折、否定2）归纳主旨、看出写作题材3）第一段：模板+主题词●不能没有模板（原创的危险性）●也不能只背模板句●模板和文章指向内容相融合4）第二段：提供相应例证对于主题进行支持5）第三段：呼应第一段第五部分：怎么套第一段1）第一句话：5-8秒2）第二句话：抓住议论文的特点，用模板句过渡3）总结文章的主题，形成填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words4）如何填空●定名词，不要乱换●换动词，换（消）形容词●换句型和语序第六部分：定住第一段，才能写好第二段1）如何进行头脑风暴物质金钱责任爱心作息娱乐健康方便快捷沟通安全时尚素质成功违法文化发展环保趋势管制2）背诵顺序●先宏观题材●再微观题材●注意人生哲理和教育择业（和八级考试类似）第七部分：先宏观、再微观1）先宏观参考范文The essay above mainly discusses the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (drawbacks) of tourism development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that tourism industry is of great importance (indispensable) for a nation under rapid economic growth. In this process, the importance of environmental protection cannot be ignored, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that (Evidently/Beyond doubt/Undeniably,) there exist some problems such as air quality degradation and water pollution. The most serious ones even include the loss of local ecological balance (a terrorist attack), while the minor ones are the commuting inconvenience to the local residents. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that the social and economic return of tourism is attractive. For one thing, in the process of developing this industry, a tourist city can not only pool its various resources, but also adjust its industrial structure. In this way, infrastructure construction can be greatly strengthened, hence providing a solid basis to the sustaining urban growth. For another thing, tourism growth will provide new incentive to the local economy, because its boom often becomes a source of government revenue as well as a provider of job opportunities. To conclude, the influence of encouraging tourism industry is far reaching, in terms of social development and economic reward （international image）.To sum up, it is essential that a country provide mechanism for the development of tourism industry. To bring its negative influence under control, the government department can make plans for the environmental conservation. In this way, a tourist city can impress the outside world with its new image: a place with beautiful scenes, meanwhile, with a high level of civilization.译文：上面的文章主要讨论的是，旅游业发展的优势（优点）和不利（不足）。
英语四级强化班---书面表达
英语四级强化班---书面表达二选一类第一段：1）引出将要评论的事物或者观点2）提出第一种观点3）支持这种观点的分论点第二段：1）承上启下2）提出第二点观点3）支持这种观点的分论点第三段：我的观点正文写作的英语表达：第一段：A 引语1）in recent years, with fast economygrowth, … have appeared in manyfamilies.\people’s attitude toward the …varies widely.\different people will have different views on…(近些年来，随着经济的快速发展，…在许多家庭中出现了。
人们对…有着不同的观点。
)2）when talking about something,different people hold different opinions.B 提出第一种观点：Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.C 分论点：Theybelieve\argue\say\maintain\advocate\advise\ hold\think that there are two\several advantages in\of (doing) sth. Thefirst\biggest one is that …;As well, one of the advantages is that …第二段：A承上启下: but\however\on the contrary\ however a coin has two sidesB提出第二点观点Other people stand on a different ground.C 分论点：Theybelieve\argue\say\maintain\advocate\advise\ hold\think that there are two\severaldisadvantages\side effects in\of (doing) sth. First, … second, … in addition …第三段:As far as I am concerned, the former\latter point of view coincides with me(I prefer the former\latter point of view). From what has been discussed above, we may easily draw that …图表类：第一段：趋势（变化）第二段：分析原因第三段：自己的看法与感受正文写作的英语表达：第一段：1 如图所示As we can see from thechart\graph\table\diagram …增加或下降：the number of …increased\rose rapidly\dramatically;比例：A has the largestpercentage\proportion of …A take(s) up\ account(s) for …倍数：A is twice\three times what it was in 1990;The number\percentage is twice\ three times as much as that of 1990.It has increased\decreasedabout\more than two and a half time, compared with 1990.It has increased from 5 to 50 percent, compared with 1990.In 2000, it increased\decrease by 30 percent.第二段：Several factors contribute to\result in\ cause the change.1.first … second… last (inaddition)2.for one thing, … for anotherthing, …what’s more, …3.on one hand, … on the anotherhand, … moreover, …第三段：好：发扬；坏：终止From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.坏：1. it’s high time that + 一般过去式2. only through … can we …好：we should make our every effort to make … better and better.阐释类作文文章分类：举现象、说原因、谈感受、论影响。
{企业通用培训}大学英语四级写作讲义
{企业通用培训}大学英语四级写作讲义(1)阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。
各有标准样卷1〜2份。
(2)阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。
但不得加或减半分。
(3)评分标准：2分——条理不清’思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分——基本切题。
思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。
有较多的严重的语言错误。
8分一基本切题。
思想表达比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11分——切题。
思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分——切题。
思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误。
仅有个别小错误。
[注：白卷，所写的内容与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分](4)字数不足应酌情扣分：累计字数90-9980-8970-7960-6950-59<49扣分123579注：①如题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得计人所写字数；②只写一段者:0-4分；只写两段者:0-9分(指规定三段的作文)。
(6)百分制与710分制换算标准：（710分制作文最低分为29分，满分为71分)百分制710分制标准分百分制710分制标准分百分制710分制标准分1571106.510548153958.51467100.595176.543755.5136394.58487233552.512609074567.523349.5115785.56426313146.502943.5[例]CET-4(2005.12)Directions ：Forthispart ，youareallowed30minutes to writeashortessayentitled ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists!Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow ：1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3.我认为……1.评分实例：以下选用了2005年12月CET-4的评分样卷，包括4篇不同档次的样文及简要评述，以方便考生对照检查自己的作文水平。
最新大学英语四六级写作高分强化讲义
最新大学英语四六级写作高分强化讲义四级作文强化四级作文评分方法五级评分制：2、5、8、11、14分注意字数适中用不同单词表达不同意思如何打动评卷人文章的整体脉络清晰段落的衔接畅顺用词造句经典书写美观英文写作的基本常识清晰的结构1)观点鲜明的开头2)紧扣主题的结尾3)由主题句引导的衔接自然的中间段落统一的中心自然的衔接：逻辑关系显性化1)重复词：概括；直接；齐头2)序数词3)关联词：递进；转折；因果平时如何提高写作阅读四级阅读理解文章等等背诵18篇优秀四级作文看电影——阿甘正传、狮子王、老友记30遍图表类特点：有图——趋势透，字数少段落安排：第一段：趋势（变化）第二段：分析变化的原因第三段：自己的看法和感想正文：第一段：1.如图所示a)As we can see from the chart/graph/table/diagram, ……b)The…display that standing the ……carefully, we can see.c)The chart/graph shows/displays that……d)As can be shown in the table ……,e) It is clear/apparent from the chart/table that 2.比例a) B has the largest percentage/proportion of …….b) ……account(s) for/take(s) up 10%. c) On the top of the list is ……, which accounts for 60%. d) At the bottom is ……,which accounts for 10%. e) A is ranked/rated first, followed by B at 30% and C at 25%. 3.增长与下降a) The number of ……increased/rose suddenly/rapidly/dramatically （戏剧地）/substantially （实质的）/considerably/sharply/steeply （险峻地） from 1990 to 2000. b) There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/considerable/sharp/steep increase/ rise in the number of …… from 1990 to 2000. c) The number of ……increased/rose steadily （稳定地）/gradually （逐渐地）/slowly/slightly from 1990 to 2000. d) There was a steady/gradual/slow/slight increase/ rise in the number of …… from 1990 to 2000. e) 下降：decrease/fall/drop ；a decrease/drop/reduction/decline in the number of …… 4.达到某点 a) The situation/figures reached /hit a peak/high at 60% in ……. The situation/figures peaked at 60% in ……. b) The situation/figures bottomed out at 20% in ……. The situation/figures hit a trough at 20% in ……. 5. 倍数a) A is twice/three/four times what it was in 1990.A is twice/three/four times the amount in 1990.A is twice/three/four times as much/many as ……in 1990.b) The figure was roughly doubled/tripled/quintupled between 1990 and 2000.c) .percent 15by percent 15 to total the of percent 10 to 5 from up shot jumped rose increased it 2002,Ind) .percent 15by percent 15 to percent 5 to 10 from fell dropped decreased it 1990, with comparisonBy ??e) /doc/aa14317139.html,st of that against as with compared as with compared tripled doubled than more almost nearby has population number percentage figure T he ??f) . with compared ,six times twice times half a and two about than more almost decreased increaseddropped has Itg) 1990. of that as much as half times 4twice is percentage number T he ??h) .1990years few past the years 5recent the in percentage 50 of average an percentage 50plateau a of something risen to approached reached has It ??第二段：As … the number of … 动词+副词during …As … early as 数字，the number was ……, then …… it becausefor e responsibl be cause in result to contribute clead changes Such What factors Several ……列举1. First ……, second ……, last （in addition ）2. For one thing, ……, for another thing , ……, what ’s more ……On onehand , ……, on the other hand , more over, ……Therefore all these r easons ……the changes.第三段：总结：Hence from the ……坏：终止好：发扬喊口号：①It is high time that +一般过去时②Only through ……can we ……只有……我们才能……③??mind in saying following the bear should We remark person great One goes saying the As+名人名言 ? 操辞：上升：rise , increase , go up , boon , rocket下降：decrease , reduce , come down , on the decline快速：rapidly , dramatically , sharply （锐）慢：slowly , gradually二选一类特点：给出两个观点段落安排：第一段：1) 引出将要评论的事物或者观点；2) 提出第一种观点；3) 本观点支持性分论点。
大学英语四级写作精品班内部讲义(doc 8页)
大学英语四级写作精品班内部讲义(doc 8页)2011年春季大学英语四级（CET4）写作精品班内部讲义主讲：白子墨一、考纲要求写作能力测试部分比例为15%时间为30分钟，体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。
四级作文范文档的要求是：切题；表达思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性较好；基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
该要求蕴涵着大学英语写作的四个基本考点：1、切题——所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目要求，并在内容上没有偏差。
2、表达清楚、条理清晰——要求考查学生对文章结构的掌握，要求文章主题观点明确，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次，有轻重。
3、文字通顺，连贯性较好——要求考查学生对过渡句和连接词或词组的掌握和运用，要求文章句子内部与句子之间通顺连贯，不突兀。
4、基本无语言错误——要求考查学生语言基本功的掌握，包括语法与拼写两部分。
◆一篇好的作文应基本达到：有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句恰当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求；语法基本正确；句法基本准确，句子与句子，段落与段落之间过渡连贯；有一定词汇量，字数符合要求；说理清楚，内容充实。
◆一篇较差的作文表现为：文章不通顺，无段落，无结构，无明显主题；出现很多基本语法错误，拼写错误；词汇量很小，词不达意，缺乏英语表达能力；不像一篇文章，仅是把一些不连贯的词语拼凑到一起。
因此，要想写出一篇高分作文必须具备两个条件：一是扎实的英语语言基础，二是掌握一定的写作技巧。
二、应试瓶颈◆无从下笔◆结构杂糅◆错误连篇◆逻辑混乱◆文不切题◆用语平淡三、四大对策◆卷面设计◆写作内容◆行文逻辑◆遣词造句四、真题回顾◆ 2006年6月1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师；2、学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素；3、学生自主任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题。
◆ 2006年12月1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会；2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3、我的看法。
◆ 2007年6月1、本社团活动的主要内容；2、参加本社团活动的好处；3、如何加入本社团。
四级写作讲义 最新版
四级写作必须掌握常识•必须涵盖提纲中的内容•最好把提纲内容置于每段首句•如果提纲为两点，则把其中的一点拆成两部分两个需要搞定的人•出题人•评卷人搞定评卷人的必备素质•文章脉络清晰•段落衔接顺畅•用词造句经典•书写优雅美观由于下大雨，他发高烧，所以不得不呆在家里。
因为他没去上班，所以被扣了工资。
Due to the heavy rain, he developed a fever, thus he felt obliged to stay at home. His absence caused the reduction of his salary.大学英语写作句子亮点打造•双重否定Impossible is nothing.应用：一定会never fail to大学生活一定会扩大我们的视野。
College life will never fail to enlarge our horizon.2. 并列I came, I saw, I conquered.Study serves for the delight, for the ornament and for the ability.…. of the people, for the people, by the people.2. 并列应用：and /or 连接两个相同或相似的成分•促进国家的发展promote the national development扩写：promote and enhance the national development and progress经典万能句型的套用Love is an emotional power, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.To one world, you may be one person, but to me, you are one world.Cultivation is to the mind what food is to the body.A is toB whatC is to D长句制造•名词扩写步骤：加形容词，同位语，定语从句Kennedy is a good guy.Kennedy, an English teacher from new oriental school, is a responsible and hardworking guy.长句制造2. 动词扩写步骤：加状语（目的，方式，时间，地点）We sing a song.In order to relax ourselves, we sing a song happily and crazily at midnight in the New Oriental School.四级写作高分技巧•高级词汇•句型多样•醒目亮点醒目亮点的打造•数据•例子•谚语数据According to the recent survey/investigation/poll conducte d by ……, the past decade witnessed a sharp/abrupt increase/decrease in the number of……, from…… to …….例子•a good case in point is…• a convincing example is…•To illustrate this point, I can think of no better example than…•Take … as an example谚语•As the famous saying goes, “……….”参加托福雅思考试•As the Chinese famous saying goes, “ ……….”谚语•As the famous saying goes, “……….”参加国内考试•As the American famous saying goes, “ ……….”谚语•As the famous saying goes, “……….”参加国内考试艾宾浩斯曲线八个记忆周期•5分钟•30分钟•12小时•1天•2天•4天•7天•15天四级写作黄金模板1. 利弊类/对立观点类模板使用注意事项•个性化模板•根据提纲灵活使用模板使用注意事项•个性化模板•根据提纲灵活使用首段模板句1As regards…, there has been a heated discussion amo ng the general public in our society. 关于……, 在社会的公众中存在热烈的讨论。
商志-大学英语四六级考试强化班讲义(正文)
2013年12月（多题多卷：3篇）
1.Directions：You should start your essay witha brief account ofthe impact of the Internet on the way people communicateand thenexplainwhether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
2010年6月Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling
People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.
2013年6月（多题多卷：3篇）
1.Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay witha brief descriptionof the picture and thenexpress your viewsonthe Importance of Doing Small Things Before Undertaking Something Big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.