2016年职称英语A级补全短文

Virtual DriverDriving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control afast-moving car with different parts of hisThis virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most importantpart of the automatic driving system：brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reactsand this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel at anyto recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearlyand recognizes vehicles according to their regularbeing the case, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions’s the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after he had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minute.Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion,” says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.The team found that the women's armpit sweat constrained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur-containning compound-5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men. When the researchers mixed this compound in the lab with bacteria commonly found in the armpit, the bugs turned it into a thiol-a previously discovered odour from armpits that is akin to onion.“The more sulphur precursor we added, the more intense was the malodour,”saysStarkenmann, whose team’The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the same types of bacteria. The balance of oniony to cheesy precursors in women’s sweat made it smell worse than men’s as rated by independent smell assessors.We could make inhibitors that neutralise the precursors, or block the bacterial enzymes that do the conversion,”says Starkenmann.Some researchers are sceptical that gender is the main deciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with differentThe value of motherhoodIn shopping malls，the assistants try to push you into buying “a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”. When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. in fact, she got more-enough to make her horrified.Mother’s day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop mother’s day. One protest against the commercialization of mother’s day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace, interestingly.Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper the guardian, observe, traditionally “Motherhood is something that we do because we think it’s right.”But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.According to the guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating mother’s day needs to be updated: “it is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.”Primer on SmellIn addition to bringing out the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us? Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says Randall Reed, a JohnsHopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense ofWhether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us bas ed on smell,” says Reed.Even at a distance, odors can warn us of trouble-spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert,” offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it.With just a simple scent, smell can also evoke very intense emotion. Let’s say, for example,’s imagine that your mother died when you were three, and she used to have a flower garden. You wouldn’t need to identify the smell or to have conscious memories of your mother or her garden. You would feel sad as soon as you smelled that spicy odor. Compared with animals, how well do people detect smelts?That depends on what you mean by “how well”. We are low on receptor cells: current estimates say that humans have roughly five million smell-receptor cells, about as many asReed says that, across species, there is a relatively good correlation between the number of receptor cells and how strong the sense of smell is. “You can hardly find the olfactory bulb in a human brain-it’s a pea-sized object. In a mouse, it’s a litt le bigger. It’s bean-sized in a rat, about the size of your little finger in a rabbit, and the size of your thumb in a bloodhound.”Does that mean that our sense of smell is not very acute?Not exactly. While we may not have the olfactory range of other creatures, the receptorswe do have are as sensitive as those of anytrained “nose”, such as that of a professional in the perfume business, can name and distinguish about 10,000 odors. Reed says that a perfume expert can sniff a modem scent that has a hundred different odorants in it, go into the lab, and list the ingredients. “In a modest amount of time, he comes back with what to you or me would smell like a perfect imitation of that perfume. It’s amazing.”What happens to our sense of smell as we age?Leopold says that smell is generally highest in childhood, stays the same from the teens through the 50s, and drops starting at about 60 for women and 65 for men. “The average 80-year-old is only able to smell things half as well as the average 20-year-old,” says Leopold.Einstein Named "Person of the Century"Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets ofthe atomand of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of the 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology."The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological-technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science.”wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Timeessay explaining Einstein's significance.Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom anddemocracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and humanrights became crucial factors in global politics.“What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom's fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with itamazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom.”said Time MagazineEditor Walter Isaacson.could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricateexamples of human imagination inEverything else - mass, weight, space, even time itself - is a variable. And he offered the world his now –famous equation :energy equals mass times the speed of light squared -E=mc2.There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality.”Einstein's famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Rooseveltdid not workon the project.Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.。