2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题5：介词与介词短语
高考英语一轮复习：介词和介词短语
介词和介词短语（Prepositions）重点用法①介词的种类1.根据形式可以将介词分为简单介词（如in，on，for等）、合成介词（如inside，without等）、双重介词（from behind，from among等）、动词-ing形式的介词（如including，regarding等）和短语介词（如in front of，out of等）。
根据意义可将介词分为表示时间、场所、方向等的介词，介词在句中不能独立做成分。
2.表示时间的介词after在……之后before在……之前around大约……at在……时by到……为止in在……后on在……时till/until直到……3.表示场所、方向的介词across在……对面along沿着……at在……in在……里on在……上above在……上方under/below在……下面beside在……旁边behind在……后面before/in front of在……前面between在……之间among在……之间4.其他介词about关于；对于from从；自从with与……一起；用of……的；属于……的to向；到；对as担任；像；作为for对于；为了；给……besides除了……还有重点用法②表示时间的常用介词辨析用法：1.at表示时刻、时间的某一点；on表示具体的某一天，某一天的上、下午；in表示月、季节、年，泛指上午、下午、晚上（在一段时间内）。
at lunch在午餐时on Monday在周一in January在一月2.before表示“在……之前”；after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
3.by表示“在……之前，截止到……”；until/till表示“直到……为止”；by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成，而until表示动作持续到什么时候，在终止性动词的否定式中，二者通用。
人教版高三英语总复习之语法专项突破一轮复习：语法专项五 介词与介词短语
2.with，by，in三词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或 方式 (1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被 冠词、物主代词等修饰。如： They are digging with spade. 他们在用铁锹挖地。 We see with our eyes，hear with our ears，and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看东西，用耳朵听事，用腿走路。
2．in，to，on用在方位名词前 in表示在范围之内的地方； to表示在范围之外的地方； on表示两地接壤。 Shanghai lies in the east of China and to the north of Guangdong. 上海位于中国东部，广东北部。
3．from，out of表来源 二者均表示来源或出处。from注重起点，意为“从……”；out of侧重于从里向外，意为“从……里出来”。如： The shouting of the soldiers' drilling could be heard from the playground. 从操场上传来了士兵训练的呐喊声。 She took the passport out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman. 她从手提包里拿出了护照并把它出示给警察看。
1与表示一段时间的词连用，常与过去时态的谓 语动词连用，这时相当于“一段时间＋later”。如： He left home and went to the front after two days/two days later. after两天以后他离开家上前线了。
2与表示时间点的词连用，常与将来时态的谓语 动词连用。如： I'll go and see her after three o'clock. 三点以后我去看她。
高三复习语法教案介词与介词短语
富县高级中学集体备课教案年级：高三科目：English 授课人：课题介词与介词短语共3课时三维目标1. Target language目标语言2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the Ss to master the preposition and preposition phrases.重点Help the Ss to use the preposition and preposition phrasescorrectly. 中心发言人古苏梅难点Help the Ss learn how to put what they learned into practice教具Blackboard课型课时安排课时教法Discussion andExplanation学法Discussion and Practice（个人主页）教学过程The First PeriodStep 1 考查内容介词考点主要涉及常用介词的常见用法以及它们的区别和一些固定短语或习惯用语搭配中的介词。
Step 2 学习目标1.掌握描述时间、地点和方位的介词常用表达方法；2.掌握介词和其他词类构成的固定搭配、固定短语动词的区别和介词基本句型；3.能够在特定语境中正确判断、区别使用考纲所规定的介词；4.掌握一些常用易混介词的用法。
Step 3 要点讲解定义：介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。
介词不能单独做句子成分，必须与名词或代词（或相当于名词的一些词类、短语或从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。
1.介词的种类(1)简单介词：at, in, over, on, near, up, by, besides, with……(2)合成介词：out of, into, inside, outside, throughout(3)短语介词：according to, because of ,in spite of Owing to……(4)二重介词：from behind, from under, except for……(5)分词介词：including， concerning，regardingStep 4 Teaching procedures1. Check the exercises.(导学案)2. Team work（语法一点通）Step 5 Summary and homeworkThe Second PeriodStep1考点分析考点一：介词的基本用法考点二：常见介词的活用Step 2 要点讲解：介词with的用法主要有：1．表示“和……在一起”，“由……陪同”或“有……在场”。
2013年高考英语试题分类解析介词与介词短语
介词与介词短语1. 【2013新课标I卷34】It was a real race_______ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.A. overB. byC. forD. against【答案】D【解析】考查介词。
against以…为竞争对手；与…相竞争。
句意：完成该项目是与时间的一次赛跑。
有幸做到了【语言学习】against1. 相反，反对；违反，违背against one's will 违心地，违背意愿地to fight against evil同邪恶做斗争2. 撞击；撞着，与…相撞，同…冲突to push against the door用力推门3. 逆行，对着；跟…反方向：to drive against the traffic (汽车)逆行against the current 逆流4. 与…形成对照，与…衬托；以…为背景green against the gold金黄色打底的绿色5. 紧贴着，倚靠，凭the house against the church教堂隔壁的房子6. 以防，为…做准备(或防备)We provided against a poor crop. 我们防备歉收。
7. 以…为抵抗(或抵御)对象；以…为防御措施：We are all taking medicine against the cold. 我们都服药以防感冒。
8. 以…为竞争对手；与…相竞争to work against time以最快的速度工作2.【2013新课标II卷11】A serious study of physics is impossible_______ some knowledge of mathematics.A. againstB. beforeC. beyondD. without【答案】D【解析】考查介词。
without没有。
个性化教学辅导教案 高考英语语法专题：介词与介词短语 (含答案)
个性化教学辅导教案【词汇串烧】A Horrible EarthquakeDirty water rose in well s and canal s before the earthquake. But no one judge d that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Millions of brick houses and a number of dam s were destroy ed. Railway track s became useless bar s. Pipe s in mine s burst and let out smelly steam. Huge crack s trap ped cyclist s everywhere.The next day, this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporter s giving an outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shock ed by the damage and the victim’s extreme suffering. People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!”. So they not only express ed their sympathy sincerely, but also organized together to help the victims right away. The injure d were rescue d and the dead were buried. The frighten ed survivors were dug out from under the ruin s and were offered shelter, fresh water and electricity. Thanks to people’s help, the loss was minimized.可怕的地震地震前，水井和运河里的污水都涨涌起来。
高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 介词和介词短语
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校语法专题十五介词和介词短语介词是一种虚词(前置词)，用来表示在句中与名词或相当于名词的其他词之间的关系，不能单独使用。
介词可与名词或相当于名词的其他词构成介词短语，介词短语可在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词的基本用法及其搭配上，对介词短语的考查主要侧重其辨析。
考点一表示时间和日期的介词1．in用在表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前；on用在表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前；at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的词前。
We will have a meeting at 8 o'clock in the morning on Sunday.2．for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用；during 表示“在……期间”；through表示“一直……，自始至终”。
She has been ill for several days.I went to France during the summer holiday.They worked hard through the winter.3．from，sincefrom表示时间的起点，意为“从……”，多用于“from...to/till...”中；since表示“自从……以来”。
I have been waiting here from morning till noon.We have been friends since we first met.注意：for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。
如for two hours（持续）两小时；since last week从上周直到现在。
4．before，by，till，untilbefore指“在……之前”，与after相对。
by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”，by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用。
第02讲代词介词和介词短语(讲)高考英语一轮复习(全国通用)(学生版)
第02讲代词、介词和介词短语（讲）【考纲考情】一、代词考点，是英语高考常考点之一。
在高考中主要考查点有：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、代词宾格、形式主语或宾语的it、强调句中的it等。
应特别注意以下几点：①对代词的指代或替代功能的考查；①对不定代词意义用法的考查；①对反身代词的考查；①对代词格的考查；①对it作形式主语或宾语的考查、强调句中的it的考查；①对含有代词的短语考查。
代词在高考中的命题形式主要有：语法填空；完形填空；改错；书面表达。
二、介词(短语)考点，是英语高考必考点之一。
在高考中主要考点有：考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配；介词(短语)的正确运用以及与形容词或动词搭配。
对介词(短语)的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、完形填空、改错、书面表达中。
【考点梳理】一、代词（一）、人称代词人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：（二）、物主代词物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词＋n.”的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：（2）“of（介词）＋名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of mine （my father's）我（我父亲的）朋友中的一个。
（3）形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，one's own ... ＝... of one's own。
（4）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
take sb by the arm, be wounded in the leg。
（三）、指示代词（四）、不定代词1．one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别2．the other, other, another, others的区别3．either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别4．none, no one与nothing的区别(1)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。
高考英语一轮复习 介词及介词短语讲解
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校高考英语一轮复习讲解：介词及介词短语【知识要点】介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。
1.介词可按其构成分为：（1）简单介词，即一个介词，如about，at，in，of，since等。
（2）复合介词，由两个介词组成，如as for，as to，out of 等。
（3）二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复合介词那样固定，如from under，from behind，until after，except in 等。
（4）短语介词，由短语构成，如according to，because of，in spite of，on behalf of，with reference to 等。
（5）分词介词，由现在分词构成，如regarding，concerning，including 等。
2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种：（1）表地点（包括动向），如about，above，across，after，along，among，around，at，before，behind，below，beneath，beside，between，beyond，by，down，from，in，into，near，off，on，over，through，throughout，to，towards，under，up，upon，with，within，without等。
［注］有不少表地点的介词可表动向，除很明显的across，around，over，towards，near外，还有among，behind，beneath，between，on，to，under等。
（2）表时间，如about，after，around，as，at，before，behind，between，by，during，for，from，in，into，of，on，over，past，since，through，throughout，till（until），to，towards，within 等。
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2013高考英语一轮复习学案专题5：介词与介词短语【备考策略】一、介词和介词短语介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词(相当于名词的其他词类短语或从句)构成介词短语，才能在句中充当某一个成分。
介词短语在句中可充当状语，表语，定语及补语等成分。
How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly－elected president is having a hard time.二、连词连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词不能独立担任句子成分。
按词义及其句法作用，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。
常见的并列连词有and, but, or, not only...but also, yet, either...or...等。
常见的从属连词有when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless等。
I saw Bob play the piano at John's party and on that occasion he was simply brilliant.Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.Please follow your supervisor's instructions, or you'll offend him.一、介词和介词短语在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词搭配中。
如：1．for为了；因为I apologised to the teacher for my being late.For some reason, I refused his invitation.2．without 没有He came in without his manager's permission.I wouldn't have finished the task without your help.3．by 借助于某种手段The old man earned his living by selling fruits.4．over “在正上方(但未接触)；超过”，多表示龄，距离或跨越一定的高度You can't wear a blue jacket over that shirt.The plane can fly over the mountain.5．beyond 超越(界限、范围、限度)，可指时间或程度It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.6．across 表示从空间表面上横穿。
through 表示从人体或物体的内部穿过，也可指抽象意义上的通过。
He suddenly saw Mary across the room. He pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her.7．besides“除……之外”，其宾语包括在内。
except“除了”，其宾语不包括在内。
except for强调整体中的细节，前后事物不属于同类。
but常和except互换，强调不在其中。
but for“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中。
Besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday.The article is very good except for some spelling mistakes.二、连词对连词的考查，近高考主要集中在对从属连词和并列连词的考查上。
对从属连词的考查主要集中在对其在不同从句中的不同用法的考查；对并列连词的考查主要集中在对其连接并列成分的用法以及特点上。
1．并列连词(1)and, or和butI must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest.Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?—I'd like to, but I'm too busy.(2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.(3)neit her...nor “既不……也不……”；both...and...“两者都”；either...or...“不是……就是……”Neither you nor he is to blame.Either you or I am right.(4)not...but... 不是……而是……They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of ahuman being.(5)for 因为He is absent today, for he is ill.注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
(6)so, therefore因此He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.2.从属连词主要应用在各种状语从句中。
考点解析直接考介词的高考题也许并不象别的那样语法题目多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。
因此，通过高考题目对介词的考查的具体分类分析，来了解一下介词的句法功能和常考的容易混淆的介词还是很有必要的。
一、对介词句法功能的考查：点拨：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等；介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。
【高考链接】The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings；______，it caused20 deaths.A. or elseB. thereforeC. after allD. besides解析：【高考链接】I couldn't do my homework with all that noise _______.( A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on解析：【高考链接】Banging （猛推）open her door into mine , the driver shouted back : “Make me!” ___ this she stepped out of the garage.A. ForB. WithC. FromD. Upon【高考链接】I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______ , the walk will do me good.A. Sooner or laterB. StillC. In timeD. Besides【高考链接】I wanted two seats _______ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets.A. ofB. aboutC. toD. for解析：二、对常用介词的辨析：点拨：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。
【高考链接】There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______.（ A. between B. through C. across D. beyond解析：答案为B。
get through 穿过，通过。
门上站着许多人，这个小姑娘无法穿过。
【高考链接】He suddenly saw Sue _____ the room. He pushed his way ____ the crowd of people to get to herA. across, acrossB. over, throughC. over, intoD. across, through【高考链接】―When do we need to pay the balance? ―September 30. (A. In B. By C. During D. Within解析：【高考链接】We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ______ chance. A. of B. in C. for D. by解析：三、对介词短语搭配的考查：介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义，这类题目应该不是太难。
【高考链接】Fred, who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry _____ his mind.A. onB. inC. withD. at【高考链接】The classroom is big enough ______, but w e’ll have to move if we have more students.A．for the moment B．on the moment C．in a moment D．for a moment解析：【高考链接】He got to the station early, ______ missing his train.A.in case ofB. instead ofC. for fear ofD. in search of解析：答案为C。