1试题及(答案)
2023考研英语一真题及答案
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically__1__outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or__2__.This word"Caravanserais"is a__3__of the Persian word"karvan",which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to __4__groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the10th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the __6__of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road__7__possibility of being attacked by thieves or being__8__to extreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed__9__they could be reached in a day's travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal__10__point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.__11__,those structures became important centers for culture__12__and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,__13__talking knowledge with them, greatly__14__the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and__15__in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.__16__,it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and__17__supplies for their own journeys.It is__18__that around120,000to15, 000caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,__19__only about3000are known to remain today,many of which are in__20__.1.[A]displayed[B]occupied[C]located[D]equipped2.[A]privately[B]regularly[C]respectively[D]permanently3.[A]definition[B]transition[C]substitution[D]combination4.[A]classify[B]record[C]describe[D]connect5.[A]apart from[B]instead of[C]such as[D]along with6.[A]construction[B]restoration[C]impression[D]evaluation7.[A]doubted[B]faced[C]accepted[D]reduced8.[A]assigned[B]subjected[C]accustomed[D]opposed9.[A]so that[B]even if[C]now that[D]in case10.[A]talking[B]starting[C]breaking[D]meeting11.[A]By the way[B]On occasion[C]In comparison[D]As a result12.[A]heritage[B]revival[C]exchange[D]status13.[A]with regard to[B]in spite of[C]as well as[D]in line with14.[A]completing[B]influencing[C]resuming[D]pioneering15.[A]aided[B]invested[C]failed[D]competed16.[A]rather[B]indeed[C]otherwise[D]however17.[A]go in for[B]stand up for[C]close in on[D]stock up on18.[A]believed[B]predicted[C]recalled[D]implied19.[A]until[B]because[C]unless[D]although20.[A]ruins[B]debt[C]fashion[D]seriesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views of the energy sector,is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.“In the national standards,everything has to do with climate change—that’s very lopsided,”she claims.“There are as many scientists working against all the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it.Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that.You need to remember where your bread is buttered.”Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views.“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan boardmembers,rather than facts and sound scholarship,”says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education.“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world,as researchers, policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a non-profit group of scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the10worst performers were some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centre’s deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.Another issue is that,while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change,unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21.In paragraph1,the weather in Texas is mentioned toA.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.B.stress the consequences of climate change.C.indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.D.draw the public's attention to energy shortages.22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?A.she exaggerates the existing panic.B.she denies the value of scientific work.C.she shows no concern for pre-teens.D.she expresses self-contradictory views.23.The study mentioned in Paragraph5A.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B.policy makers have little drive for science education.C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the USA.call for regular revisionB.require urgent applicationC.have limited influenceD.cater to local needs25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schoolsA.agree to major public demandsB.reflects teachers'personal biasC.may mispresent the energy sectorD.can be swayed by external forcesText2Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the2010s.Now,with record-high home prices and historically low inventory,there’s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below1percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,”said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns,“employers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,”Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of a local association of realter.“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,”Castle said,“and so it’s a cyclical effect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston.“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it’s their vacation home anyway,and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?”Horn said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt tocreate large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations.“I think the question is,shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?”Horn said.At the end of2018,Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers.“The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,”the Globe reported. Boston took things even further,limiting who is authorized to rent out their home,and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue,however,is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have to build a lot more.”26.Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D.Its home prices are under strict control.27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph2was intended toA.curb short-term rental speculation.B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.C.punish illegal dealings in housing.D.allow a free short-term rental market.pared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourism.B.an increase in affordable housing.C.strict management of real estate agents.D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph5?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements isA.an irrational decision.B.an unfeasible proposal.C.an unnecessary measure.D.an inadequate solution.Text3If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The President's Daughter,the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables,display spaces and windows,and were“quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me:“Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers-as have customers,who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but it’s those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schuster-the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it weren’t quite such a big company(it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in2013)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers,publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,”says Lownie.“The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices.After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31.the author mentions two books in the paragraph1to presentA.an ongoing conflictB.an intellectual conceptC.a prevailing sentimentD.a literary phenomenon32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A.To make them easily noticeable.B.To comply with PRH's requirement.C.To respond to PRH's business move.D.To arrange them in a systematic way.33.What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?A.their customers remain royalB the credit limit will be removedC.their stock is underestimatedD.the book market is rather slack34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerablyB Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticismC Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author's booksD Waterstones branches sutter a severe reduction in revenue35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?A Small publishers ought to stick togetherB Big publishers will lose their dominanceC The publishing industry is having a hard timeD The merger of publishers is a worrying trendText4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than30,000journals.The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,including the perceived quality of the journal(as reflected bythe title’s impact factor)and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce,but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.Citation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time.In2016,researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently,another expression of this predatory behavior:so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.The advent of electronic publishing and authors’need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals.The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind.These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers.In other instances,there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations.The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals.Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than150citations in the same year that it was published.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation?In one example,an individual—acting as author,editor,and consultant—was able to use at least15journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.The problem is rampant in Scopus,which includes a high number of the new“international”journals.In fact,a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice.Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year.And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities:when an editor,a reviewer,or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references,do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36.According to Paragraph1,the careers of scientists can be determined by[A]how many citations their works contain[B]how many times their papers are cited[C]the prestige of the people they work with[D]the status they have in scientific circles37.The support service consultancies tend to[A]recommend journals to their clients.[B]list citation patterns their clients.[C]ask authors to include extra citations[D]advise contributors to cite each other38.The Function of the“milk cow”journals is to[A]boost citation counts for certain authors[B]help scholars publish articles at low cost[C]instruct First-time contributors in citation[D]increase the readership of new journals.39.What can be learned about Scopus From the last two paragraphs?[A]It fosters competition among citation providers[B]It has the capability to identify suspicious citations[C]It hinders the growth of"international"journals[D]It established to prevent citation manipulation40.What Should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?[A]Take legal action[B]Demand an apology.[C]Seek professional advice[D]Reveal their misconductPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Last year marked the150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson.Jackson snapped the1st-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons,Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies.On a late19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories,Ferdinand V.Hayden.The team included a meteorologist,a zoologist,a mineralogist,and an agricultural statistician.[B]Two centuries ago,the idea of preserving nature,rather than exploiting it,was a novel one to many U.S.settlers.One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.[C]As an effective Washington operator,Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals.He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings,to each member of Congress.“The visualization, particularly those photographs,really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,”says Murphy.[D]Throughout the trip,Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the“collodion process”that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture,then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom.The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times,and involved heavy,awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation.Despite these challenges,Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful,to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights,these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.[E]The journey officially began in Ogden,Utah on June8,1871.Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake.That fall,they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.[F]Though Native Americans(and later miners and fur trappers)had long recognized the area’s riches,most Americans did not.That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region,from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna.In addition to the entourage of scientists,the team also included artists:PainterThomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.[G]The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor.In quick succession,the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early1872. That March,President Ulysses S.Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park.Some locals opposed the designation,the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area.“I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images,”says Hansen,journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls,Rangers and Rogues, Bisonord Bears:100years of the national Park Service.[H]Perhaps most importantly,these images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials.Weeks after completing the expedition,Haydencollected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives,along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved(and that his department deserved additional funds).41.B—A—42.F—E—43.D—H—44.C—45.GPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing.For example,AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to'speak'to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data.46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies,favourite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.At the same time,AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites.AI can also provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs.While working at PWC,Norbert Wirth wrote an article on AI where identified that marketers are equally eager and hesitant in adopting Al,because synthesizing all these different functions presents them with new challenges.Al can help marketers to create clear marketing messages and choose the most attractive marketing mix for each target segment.A specific example would be the use of AI in developing the customer journey by automating all the different touchpoints (when the organization should contact the potential customer)through behavioural analytics so that they are the most effective for that customer or customer group.The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines,which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections,but also to a decrease in marketing personnel.47)Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.By allowing Al to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative.48)Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.For Al to be successful,data needs to be accessible,but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult.49)lf customers are not willing to share data,Al will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore,unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements,the use of Al may become somewhat restricted in the future.Not only can Al help to create the marketing content,but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers.Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged,such as location,devices used,website interactions,and sites visited,to display marketing messages in appropriate forms,including emails,social media posts,pop-up advertisements,and banners at an appropriate frequency.50) The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.Understanding humans may be complicated,but we reveal a considerable amount about what appeals to us through our browsing history.(46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.【参考译文】社交媒体还可以识别包括消费者的爱好、最爱的名人和时尚等的生活习惯的选择，从而在通过社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供独一无二的内容。
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(新高考1卷)试题及答案
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（新高考1卷）第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5个小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15.B. £ 9.18.C. £ 9.15.答案是C。
1. Why did the woman go to Mallorca?A. To teach Spanish.B. To look for a job.C. To see a friend.2. What does the man ask the woman to do?A. Take him to hospital.B. Go to a class with him.C. Submit a report for him.3. Who will look after the children?A. Jennifer.B. Suzy.C. Marie.4. What are the speakers going to do?A. Drive home.B. Go shopping.C. Eat out.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. How to fry fish.B. How to make coffee.C. How to remove a bad smell. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
自考通英语一试题及答案
自考通英语一试题及答案1. Choose the correct answer from the options provided.- (A) The book is on the table.- (B) The book is under the chair.- (C) The book is beside the door.- (D) The book is behind the window.Answer: (A)2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.- She is very _______ in her work.- (A) careful- (B) careless- (C) lazy- (D) activeAnswer: (A)3. Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice.- The teacher will give the students a test tomorrow.- (A) The students will be given a test by the teacher tomorrow.- (B) A test will be given to the students by the teacher tomorrow.- (C) The students will give a test to the teacher tomorrow.- (D) A test will be given by the students to the teacher tomorrow.Answer: (B)4. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese. - "I enjoy reading books in my spare time."- (A) 我喜欢在我的业余时间读书。
2020年考研数学一真题及答案解析
（4）【答案】（A）.
【解析】若 anrn 发散，则 r R ，否则，若 r R ，由阿贝尔定理知， anrn
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（）
（A）存在矩阵 P ，使得 PA B.
（B）存在矩阵 P ，使得 BP A.
（C）存在矩阵 P ，使得 PB A.
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,
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（B） anrn 发散时， r R . n 1
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2024年广西普法考试试题以及答案(一)
1、下列选项中关于法律的施行日期表述正确的是（）。
单选题A法律可以不明确规定施行日期B签署公布法律的主席令可以载明该法律的通过和施行日期C法律可以明确规定施行日期D法律应当明确规定施行日期题目详解【答案】D【考点】《中华人民共和国立法法》2、《医疗保障基金使用监督管理条例》正式施行时间是（）。
单选题A2021年1月1日B2021年4月1日C2021年5月1日D2021年12月31日题目详解【答案】C难度系数：3、县级以上地方人民政府可以采取（）等方式，推动湿地周边地区绿色发展，促进经济发展与湿地保护相协调。
多选题A定向扶持B产业转移C吸引社会资金D社区共建题目详解【答案】A B C D【考点】《中华人民共和国湿地保护法》4、《水污染防治法》规定, 交通主管部门的（）对船舶污染水域的防治实施监督管理。
单选题A执法机构B环境机构C海事管理机构D环境管理机构题目详解【答案】C【考点】《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》5、只要发现青少年有犯罪行为，一律对其进行处罚，杜绝后患。
（）判断题A正确B错误题目详解【答案】B【考点】《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》6、根据《广西旅游条例》规定，县级以上人民政府应当根据旅游业发展需要和财政状况设立旅游发展专项资金或者安排旅游发展专项经费。
（）判断题A正确B错误题目详解【答案】A【考点】《广西壮族自治区旅游条例》7、国家鼓励被授予专利权的单位实行产权激励，采取（）等方式，使发明人或者设计人合理分享创新收益。
多选题A股权B期权C分红D奖金题目详解【答案】A B C【考点】《中华人民共和国专利法》8、《中华人民共和国环境保护法》已由中华人民共和国第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议于( )修订。
单选题A2014年3月30日B2014年5月6日C2014年4月24日题目详解【答案】C【考点】《中华人民共和国环境保护法》9、根据《中国共产党党内法规和规范性文件备案审查规定》，应当向上级党组织报备的党内法规和规范性文件，自发布之日起( )内由制定机关报备。
《管理会计》试题一及答案
《管理会计》试题一 、单项选择题（每题 2分，共20分）边际贡献率为（A 、固定生产成本B 、变动生产成本C 、固定非生产成本D 变动非生产成本8当单价单独变动时，则（2、影响保本点的因素包括（A.单价B. 单位变动成本C.固定成本D.目标净利润 3、固定成本的特点有（C 、单位固定成本的反比例变动性D 、单位固定成本的不变性4、 预测分析的方法一般分为两大类，这两大类是（）。
1、 管理会计以强化企业内部管理、（ 为最终目的。
2、 3、 A 、降低成本 B 、降低保本点 F 列成本项目中不属于固定成本的是 A A 、广告费 C 、计件工资形式下的生产工人工资 F 已知某企业总成本是销售额 实现最佳经济效益、管理人员工资 、房屋租赁费x 的函数，二者的函数关系为: D 、增加销售量y=2000+0.4x ，则该企业的A.40%B.60%C.50%D.无法确定4、 狭义的相关范围是指（A 、期间范围 B业务量范围、成本范围、费用范围5、 企业质量检验员的工资属于（A 、半固定成本B 、半变动成本 、延期成本 、曲线式成本6、 变动成本法的产品成本是指（7、管理会计的内容是指与其职能相适应的内容, 它不包括（ A 、预测决策会计 B 、规划控制会计C 、责任会计 财务会计A.会使保本点同方向变动B. 会使安全边际同方向变动C.会使利润反方向变动D.会使保利点同方向变动9、德尔非法是（）中的一种具体形式。
A 推销员判断法B 、专家判断法C 综合判断法D 、因果分析法10、（）一般适用于不具备完整可靠的历史资料、无法进行定量预测的企业。
A 、判断分析法 二、多项选择题（每题B 、趋势预测法C 、因果预测法D 、调查分析法3分，共30分）1、管理会计的内容有（A 、预测决策会计B 、规划控制会计C 、责任会计D 、考核会计A 、总额的不变性B 、总额的变动性A、定量预测法B 、因果预测法C、判断分析法 D 、定性预测法5、成本性态分析的历史资料分析法包括（）A、直接分析法B、高低点法C、散布图法D、直线回归法6、具体的成本预测方法包括（）。
爆破员考试(一)试题及答案
爆破员考试（一）试题及答案1. 利用导爆管延期雷管来实现网络延期的方式主要有以下三种：（）、孔外延期和孔内外分别延期。
（4章新题） [单选题] *A.线路延期B.主延期C.孔内延期(正确答案)D.辅助延期2. 临时存放爆破器材的船只，船上应悬挂危险标志，夜间挂（）。
（8章） [单选题] *A.绿灯B.红灯(正确答案)C.黄灯3. 民用爆炸物品（）上应同时有警示标识和登记标识。
（2章新题） [单选题] *A.最小计数单位和基本包装单元(正确答案)B.基本计数单位和最小包装单元C.最小计数单位和基本包装单元4. 我国1955年从（）引进了硐室爆破技术。
（1章新题） [单选题] *A.美国B.苏联(正确答案)C.瑞典5. 临时存放爆破器材的船只，爆破器材的存放量不应超过（）。
（8章） [单选题] *B.5C.106. 《爆破安全规程》规定：一般爆破，交流电不小于2.5A,直流电不小于（）。
（4章新题） [单选题] *A.2.0A(正确答案)B.2.5AC.3.0AD.3.5A7. 爆破员岗位职责要求，爆破作业结束后，应将剩余的（）清退回库。
（1章新题） [单选题] *A.火工品B.民用爆炸物品(正确答案)C.炸药和雷管8. 岩石中矿物的排列和相互配置的关系在外貌上的特征叫做（）。
（5章新题）[单选题] *A.岩石的特性B.岩石的年代C.岩石的构造(正确答案)D.岩石的质量9. 工业雷管编码采用（）位字码。
(2章新题） [单选题] *A.11B.1210. 多头掘进时，爆破母线要随用随挂。
爆破母线必须挂在电缆、信号线下方，距离要大于（）。
（6章） [单选题] *A.0.3m(正确答案)B.0.4mC.0.5mD.0.6m11. 焚烧法销毁火炸药时，要将待销毁的火炸药铺成厚度不大于（）cm的药条。
(8章新题） [单选题] *A.5B.10(正确答案)C.2012. 电雷管由管壳、加强帽、起爆药、（）与电点火装置组成。
科目一试题及答案
科目一试题及答案1. 驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶，车速超过每小时100公里时，应当与同车道前车保持多少米以上的距离？A. 50米B. 100米C. 150米D. 200米答案：D2. 机动车驾驶证被暂扣期间，驾驶人可以驾驶机动车吗？A. 可以B. 不可以C. 视情况而定D. 只有在紧急情况下可以答案：B3. 机动车在道路上发生故障，难以移动时，驾驶人应该怎么办？A. 立即停车，开启危险报警闪光灯B. 继续驾驶，寻找修理厂C. 停车后离开车辆，等待救援D. 停车后在车后放置警告标志答案：A4. 驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶，遇有雾、雨、雪、沙尘、冰雹等低能见度气象条件时，能见度在50米以内时，最高行驶速度不得超过多少公里每小时？A. 20公里B. 40公里C. 60公里D. 80公里答案：A5. 机动车驾驶人在实习期内驾驶机动车上高速公路行驶，应当由持相应或者更高准驾车型驾驶证三年以上的驾驶人陪同。
对吗？A. 对C. 视情况而定D. 只有在夜间行驶时需要陪同答案：A6. 机动车在高速公路上行驶，遇有雨、雪、雾、霾、沙尘等低能见度气象条件时，能见度在100米以内时，最高行驶速度不得超过多少公里每小时？A. 20公里B. 40公里C. 60公里D. 80公里答案：B7. 机动车驾驶人违反道路交通安全法律、法规关于道路通行规定的，处警告或者多少元以上二百元以下罚款？A. 10元B. 50元D. 200元答案：B8. 机动车在高速公路上行驶，遇有雾、雨、雪、沙尘、冰雹等低能见度气象条件时，能见度在200米以内时，最高行驶速度不得超过多少公里每小时？A. 60公里B. 80公里C. 100公里D. 120公里答案：A9. 驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶，车速超过每小时100公里时，与同车道前车保持的距离不得少于多少米？A. 50米B. 100米C. 150米答案：D10. 机动车驾驶人在实习期内不得驾驶哪些车辆？A. 公共汽车B. 营运客车C. 执行任务的警车D. 所有选项答案：D11. 机动车驾驶人在实习期内驾驶机动车，应当在车身后部粘贴或者悬挂统一式样的实习标志。
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1试题及(答案)三个办法一个指引知识考试测试题（一）一、单项选择题：(25分，每题0.5)1、固定资产贷款单笔金额超过超过项目总投资___超过___万元人民币的贷款资金支付，应采用贷款人受托支付方式。
( C ) 。
A、5%，300B、10%，300C、5%，500D、10%，5002、《流动资金贷款管理暂行办法》的核心指导思想是( B )。
A、授信条件B、需求测算C、支付方式3、( B )是指对现有企、事业单位原有设施进行技术改造(包括固定资产更新)以及相应配套的辅助性生产、生产福利设施等工程和有关工作。
A、基本建设贷款B、技术改造贷款C、项目融资D、流动资金贷款4、商业银行的贷款余额与存款余额的比例应符合下列哪项条件？A、不得低于25%B、不得低于10%C、不得超过50%D、不得超过75% 答案：D5、任何单位和个人购买商业银行股份总额多大比率以上的，应事先经中国人民银行批准？A、5%B、8%C、10%D、15% 答案：C6、在下列哪种情况下，中国人民银行可以对商业银行实施接管？A、严重违法经营B、重大违约行为C、可能发生信用危机D、擅自开办新业务答案：C7、李先生在2007年2月1日存入一笔1 000元的活期存款，3月1日取出全部本金，如果按照积数计息法计算，假设年利率为0.72％，扣除20％利息税后，他能取回的全部金额是( )。
A、1000.60元B、1000.56元C、1000.48元D、1000.45元答案：D8、( )又叫做辛迪加贷款。
A、流动资金循环贷款B、银团贷款C、贸易融资贷款D、项目贷款答案：B9、制定营销策略是银行( )的职责。
A、总行B、分行C、支行D、以上都行答案：A10、国家助学贷款的贷款对象不包括( )。
答案：BA、北京市普通高等学校中经济确实困难的全日制本科生B、天津市普通高等学校中经济确实困难的在职研究生C、上海市普通高等学校中经济确实困难的全日制高职生D、广东省普通高等学校中经济确实困难的全日制研究生11、( )是基于银行同客户的现有关系，向客户推荐银行的其他产品。
答案：CA、情感营销B、分层营销C、交叉营销D、单一营销12、个人教育贷款在贷款审查和审批环节中的风险点不包括( )。
A.业务不合规，业务风险与效益不匹配18、个人汽车贷款的借款人需要调整借款期限的前提条件不包括( )。
A.无欠息B.贷款未到期C.信用记录良好D.无拖欠本金，本期本金已归还答案：C19、以下关于个人住房贷款担保方式规定不正确的是( )。
A.在个人住房贷款业务中，采取的担保方式以抵押担保为主B.在未实现抵押登记前，普遍采取抵押加阶段性保证的方式C.在一手房贷款中，在房屋办妥抵押登记前，一般由开发商或担保机构承担阶段性保证责任D.在二手房贷款中，一般由中介结构或担保机构承担阶段性保证的责任答案：C20、为了有效规避有担保流动资金贷款保证人还款能力发生变化的风险，贷款银行应当( )。
答案：BA.保证人信用等级不能高于借款人B.选择信用等级高、还款能力强的保证人C.接受股东之间和家庭成员之间的单纯第三方保证方式D.具有正当的职业和稳定的经济收入，具有按期偿还贷款本息的能力21、个人征信查询系统中，( )涵盖了信用卡与贷款的明细等情况。
A.个人身份信息B.信用交易信息C.个人职业信息D.居住信息答案：B22、在个人住房贷款业务中，担保公司的“担保放大倍数”是指( )。
A.担保公司对外提供担保的余额和自身实收资本的倍数B.担保公司向银行的贷款和自身实收资本的倍数C.担保公司提供给借款者的贷款和自身实收资本的倍数D.担保公司的营业收入和自身实收资本的倍数答案：A23、采用主导式定位方式的银行( )、A、在市场上占有极大的份额B、刚刚开始经营或刚刚进入市场C、分支机构不多D、资产规模中等答案：A24、公积金个人住房贷款业务的操作模式不包括( )。
A、银行受理，公积金管理中心审核审批，银行操作B、公积金管理中心受理、审核审批，银行操作C、公积金管理中心受理，银行审核审批，银行操作D、公积金管理中心和承办银行联动答案：C25、到期一次还本法适用于( )的贷款。
答案：AA、期限在一年以内B、期限在十年以上C、收入不稳定D、自身财务规划能力较强的客户26、个人住房担保贷款管理试行办法》于( )颁布。
答案：DA、1980年B、1985年C、1995年D、1998年27、对借款人所购车辆为自用车的，个人汽车贷款额度不得超过所购汽车价格的( )。
答案：AA、80%B、70%C、60%D、50%28、有担保流动资金贷款的利率不得低于中国人民银行规定的同期同档次利率的( )倍。
A、1B、1.1C、2D、2.1 答案：B29、个人经营专项贷款的还款来源是( )A、由经营产生的现金流B、个人控制企业的利润C、个人控制企业的固定资产折旧D、个人控制企业的经营现金收入答案：A30、下列不属于商用房贷款信用风险主要内容的是()。
A、借款人还款能力发生变化B、商用房出租情况发生变化C、保证人还款能力发生变化D、贷款人资金状况发生变化答案：D31、“三个办法一个指引”规定的基本贷款流程中未包括下列哪个环节（C）A、风险评价B、贷款发放与支付C 、贷款限额管理 D、贷后管理32、贷款新规规定的固定资产贷款的受托支付最低标准是（D）A、单笔金额超过50万元的贷款资金支付B 、单笔金额超过500万元的贷款资金支付C 单笔金额超过500万元，或超过项目总投资5％的贷款资金支付D单笔金额超过500万元，或超过项目总投资5％且超过50万元的贷款资金支付33、流动资金贷款风险管理的核心要求是（D）A、贷款人受托支付B、面谈面签C 、完善贷款合同管理 D、合理确定流动资金贷款需求量34、除特殊情形外，个人贷款资金应采取哪种方式向借款人交易对象支付（A）A、贷款人受托支付B、借款人自主支付C、当事人约定的支付方式D、按贷款用途分别适用相关贷款管理办法的规定35、“参照本办法执行”的含义是（C）A、可以不执行B、需要遵守办法规定的各项要求C、具备执行条件的，要执行；不具备执行条件的，可暂不执行D、可依据贷款人的意愿执行36、信贷管理的主要策略不包括（C）A、信贷风险预防策略B、信贷风险分散策略C、信贷风险衍生策略D、信贷风险转移策略37、下列贷款中不属于固定资产贷款的品种有（D）A、房地产开发贷款B、土地储备贷款C、项目融资D、贸易融资38、下列说法正确的是（A）A《流动资金贷款管理暂行办法》自发布之日起施行B《固定资产贷款管理暂行办法》自发布之日起施行C《个人贷款管理暂行办法》自发布之日起三个月后施行D《项目融资业务指引》自2009年11月1日起施行39、有关“专门账户”说法正确的是（C）A专门账户就是《人民币结算账户管理办法》中的专用账户B 专门账户不是专用账户C 专门账户可以是专用账户，也可以是一般结算账户D 银行只能为控制贷款资金发放而要求借款人开立专门账户40、银团贷款的支付管理与控制由（B）负责A、牵头行B、代理行C、参加行D、各银团贷款成员共同约定的任一成员行41、实行贷款人受托支付方式的贷款资金原则上应在（A）通过借款人账户支付给借款人交易对手A、贷款发放当天B、贷款发放两天内C、贷款发放后1周内D、没有明确的时间限制42、采用贷款人受托支付的，贷款人应在_____审核借款人相关交易资料是否符合合同约定条件。
（A）A、贷款资金发放前B、贷款资金支付时C、贷款资金支付后D、什么时候都可以43、固定资产贷款发放和支付过程中，贷款人应确认____的项目资本金足额到位，并与贷款配套使用。
（B）A、高于拟发放贷款B、与拟发放贷款同比例C、略低于拟发放贷款D、全部44、贷款应完善固定资产贷款内控机制，实行贷款（D）管理。
A、目标B、责任C、全风险D、全流程45、贷款人应将固定资产贷款纳入对借款人及借款人所在集团客户的统一授信（ C ）管理。
A、目标B、比例C、度D、时间46、（ D ）依照本办法对贷款人固定资产贷款业务实施监督管理。
A、国资委B、审计署C、人民银行D、银行业监督管理机构47、借款人向贷款人申请固定资产贷款时，应（ C ）所提供材料真实、完整、有效。
A、保证B、公正C、承诺D、告知48、贷款人应在合同中与借款人约定提款条件以及贷款资金支付接受（C ）管理和控制等与贷款使用相关的条款A、监管部门B、审计部门C、贷款人D、内审部门49、贷款人在合同中与借款人约定的提款条件应包括与贷款同比例的（A ）已足额到位、项目实际进度与已投资额相匹配等要求。
A、资本金B、违约金C、保证金D、准备金50、贷款人应在合同中与借款人约定对借款人相关账户实施（ B ）A、管理B、监控C、指导D、约束二、多项选择(25分，每题1分)1、在固定资产发放和支付过程中，借款人出现以下情形的，贷款人应与借款人协商贷款发放和支付条件，或按合同约定停止贷款贷款资金的发放和支付：( ABCD )A、信用状况下降B、不按合同约定支付贷款资金C、项目进度落后于资金使用进度D、违反合同约定，以化整为零方式规避贷款人受托支付的2、具有下列情形之一的流动资金贷款，原则上应采用贷款人受托支付：( ABC )A、与借款人新建立信贷业务关系且借款人信用状况一般B、支付对象明确且单笔支付金额较大C、贷款人认定的其他情形3、具有下列情形之一的个人贷款，经贷款人同意可采取借款人自主支付：( ACEF )A、借款人无法事先确定具体交易对象且金额不超过三十万元人人民币的B、借款人无法事先确定具体交易对象且金额不超过五十万元人人民币的C、借款人交易对象不具备有效使用非现金结算方式的D、贷款资金用于生产经营且金额不超过三十万元人人民币的E、贷款资金用于生产经营且金额不超过五十万元人人民币的F、法律规定的其他情形4、下列说法正确的是：( AC )A、一年以内(含)个人贷款，展期期限累计不得超过原贷款期限。
B、一年以内(含)个人贷款，展期期限累计不得超过原贷款期限的一半C、一年以上的个人贷款，展期期限与原贷款期限相加，不得超过该贷款品种规定最长贷款期限。
D、一年以上的个人贷款，展期期限与原贷款期限相加，不得超过该贷款品种规定最长贷款期限的一半。
5、贷款人应与流动资金借款人在借款合同中约定的支付条款，应包括以下内容， ( ABDE )A、贷款资金的支付方式和贷款人受托支付的金额标准B、支付方式变更及触发变更条件C、贷款期限和利率D、贷款资金支付的限制、禁止行为E、借款人应及时提供的贷款资金使用记录和资料6、商业银行发放贷款必须做一以哪些选项所述内容？（ BC ）A、借款人必须提供担保B、必须订立书面借款合同C、必须在中国人民银行规定的利率幅度内确定贷款利率D、期限不能超过10年7、个人贷款的对象要求( AC )。