脱钩分析英文术语名称的汉译

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TOC术语中英文对照

TOC术语中英文对照

TOC:Theory Of Constraints 约束理论(限制理论)瓶颈理论F5:Focus Five Step 聚焦五步骤I-E-S-E-GB识别Identify,挖尽Exploit,迁就Subordinate,松绑Etevate,重返Go BackTA:Throughput Account 有效产出会计T: Throughput 生产量,有效产出I(1):Inventory 库存I(2):Investment 投资OE:Operational Expensive 营运开支,营运费用NP:Net Profit 纯利润ROI:Return On Investment 投资收益率CF:Cash Flow 现金流量P&L:Profit and Loss Statement (P&L) 损益表BS:Balance Sheet 资产负债表BS:Batch Size 批量大小TP:Thinking Process 思维流程CCR:Capacity Constrain Resource 产能制约资源M(1):Murphy 墨非M(2):Measurement 衡量APMB:Assumption,Policy,Measurement,behavior 假设——政策(典范)——衡量——行为CWR:Convergence,Win-Win,Respect 内敛(收敛),双赢,尊重CRT:Current Reality Tree 当前现实树CRD:Conflict Resolution Diagram 冲突消除图FRT:Future Reality Tree 未来现实树PRT:Pre-requisite Tree 前提条件树TT:Transition Tree 转变树S&T:Strategy & Tactics Tree 战略战术树NBR:负面效应OB:Obstacle 障碍RC:Root Cause 根本原因CP:Core Problem 核心问题UDE:Undesirable Effects 不满意效应DE:Desirable Effects 满意效应INJ:Injection 注入,激发方案IO:Inter-mediate Objectives 中间(中程)目标SA:Specific Action 特别行动IE:Inter-mediate Effect 中间效应R:Requirements 需求,必要条件PR:Pre-requisite 前提条件CLR:Categories of Legimitate Reseration 逻辑(分类)测试CCPM:Critical Chain Project Management 关键链(项目管理)PB:Project Buffer 项目缓冲FB:Feeding Buffer 接驳缓冲RB:Resource Buffer 资源缓冲OPT:Optimized Production Technology,最优生产技术DBR:Drum,Buffer,Rope 鼓——缓冲——绳子S-DBR:S-DBR 简单DBRDBR-BM :Drum,Buffer,Rope- Buffer Management 鼓——缓冲——绳子—缓冲管理POOGI:Process Of On Going Improvement 持续改善程序GC:高德拉特机构MTS:Make to Stock 面向库存生产MTO:Make to Order 面向定单生产ATO:Assemble to Order 面向定单装配ETO:Engineering to Order 面向定单设计NEB(NBR):Negative Effect Branches负效应枝条The buy-in process:说服的流程MO:Mafia Offer 黑手党方案VV:Viable Vision 可行愿景TOS:Throughput based Operating Strategy基于有效产出战略TDD :Throughput Dollar Day 有效产出/元/天IDD:Inventory Dollar Day 库存/元/天OP:Objection Prevention 异议预防CWM:Central Warehouse Management 中央库存管理TLT:Transportation Lead Time 运送提前期PLT:Production Lead Time 生产提前期OLT:Order Lead Time 订货提前期RRO:Rapid Response Order 快速响应订单Retailer:retailer模板(零售商模板)Consumer goods:consumer goods模板(生活消费品模板)TOCICO:Theory of Constraints International Certification Organization ——TOC国际认证组织CSS:Common Sense Solution 常识解决方案SKU:单位库存MBO :Management by Objectives 目标管理PL: Parkinson's Law 帕金森定律CL:Cannikin Law 木桶定律ML: Murphy's Law 墨菲定律BE: Butterfly Effect 蝴蝶效应DE:Domicile Effect 多米诺效应LO:Learning Organization 学习型组织Ever Flourishing 基业长青Exponential Growth 指数性之成长Sales Approach 销售方式Profitability And Sales Volume 利润率和销售额CRM :Customer Relationship Management客户关系管理TE:Throughput Effectiveness有效产出率(T与OE的比率)Student Syndrome 学生综合征Parkinson”s Law 帕金森定律不良多任务APS:Advanced Planning and Scheduling 高级计划排程→APS:Advanced Production Scheduling 高级生产排程FCS:Finite-Capacity Scheduling 有限产能排程MRP:Material Requirements Planning 物料需求计划→(MRP:More Reams of Papers 更多令的纸)→(MRP:More Ridiculous Priorities 更荒缪的优先顺序)ERP:Enterprice Resource Planning 企业资源计划Justification 价值认证Distribution Center 分销中心Right-Sizing 适当规模PMS:Performance Measurement System 绩效衡量系统MS:Master Schedule 主排程MPS:Master Production Schedule 主生产排程SC:Safety Capacity 备用产能SB模型:Shipping Buffer出货缓冲模型DV:Dependent Events 依存关系SF:Statistical Fluctuations 统计波动OEM:Original Equipment Manufacturer 原始设备制造商,贴牌生产,代工ODM:Original Design Manufacturer原始设计制造商,设计生产(OEM升级)OBM:Original Brand Manufacturer 原始品牌制造商A方看中B方的产品,让B方生产,用A方商标,对A方来说,这叫OEM;2、A方自带技术和设计,让B方加工,这叫ODM;对B方来说,只负责生产加工别人的产品,然后贴上别人的商标,这叫OBM. 某企业生产的产品没有自己的品牌,专门接受其他企业的OEM或ODM要求为其他企业定牌生产。

进出口贸易专业术语中英文对照

进出口贸易专业术语中英文对照
银行英语:
净价net price duty
印花税stamp
出口信贷
export credit
出口津贴
export subsidy
含佣价price including commission portdues
港口税
商品倾销
dumping
回佣return commission shipment
装运港
portof
贸易逆差
unfavorable balance of trade
价格条件
价格术语trade term (price term)费freight
到岸价〔本钱加运费、保险费价〕
CIF-cost,insurance and freight
单价price wharfage
总值total value landing charges
在(时间〕分两批装船shipment
duringin two lots
在(时间〕平均分两批装船shipment
duringin two equal lots
分三个月装运in three monthly shipments
分三个月,每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments
有效期限time of validity
有效至**:valid till**购货合同purchase contract销售合同
sales contract
购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and
conditions
earn interest赚取利息
savings account储蓄存款帐户

美国习惯用语offthehook脱身,摆脱责任英语怎么说

美国习惯用语offthehook脱身,摆脱责任英语怎么说

美国习惯用语offthehook脱身,摆脱责任英语怎么说很多人擅长在大庭广众之下讲话,比如说婚礼或是生日宴会等场合。

我可不行,还没说话,脸先红了。

不久前,我的一个小师妹结婚,让我发表贺词,害得我好几天没睡好觉。

后来她终于同意,让我帮忙安排婚礼,不用讲话了,真让我如释重负。

在英语里,我们说这叫off the hook。

hook是钩子的意思。

off the hook 脱钩,其实就是“脱身,摆脱责任”的意思。

这回你明白了吧,不用在小师妹的婚礼上讲话让我如释重负就可以说,I am off the hook. off the hook这个习惯用语也可以用在非常严肃的场合下。

在下面这个例子中,一名警察告诉刑警队长说,一名涉案嫌疑人已经不再是调查对象了。

•We have confirmed that the man was two thousand miles away in Los Angeles at the time of the murder, sir. So as far as we're concerned, he is off the hook, and no further investigation is required.•我们已经证实,谋杀案案发的时候,此人正在两千英里以外的洛杉矶市,所以对于我们来说,他不可能参与此案。

不再需要对他进行调查了。

不过有时候,警察也会故意放虎归山,为的是让犯罪嫌疑人自以为脱身了,off the hook。

往往是在这种时候,犯罪嫌疑人非常容易露出马脚,让警察找到线索。

我先生星期六本来要加班,所以没办法跟我们一起去爬山。

谁知星期五的时候,客户突然打电话通知他,要将星期六的电话会议改为下星期。

My husband is off the hook,他因此而脱身了。

不难想象,off the hook这个习惯用语是从钓鱼来的,最早的时候是指一条本来已经咬钩的鱼又脱了钩,重获自由,后来到十九世纪中叶,才引伸为摆脱困境和摆脱责任。

物流行业术语的英文翻译汇总

物流行业术语的英文翻译汇总

物流行业术语的英文翻译Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT) 注册(容积)总吨Net Registered Tonnage (NRT) 注册(容积)净吨Deadweight Tonnage (All Told) (DWT or D.W.A.T) 总载重吨位(量) Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨位Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage (DWCT) 净载重吨Light Displacement 轻排水量Load (Loaded)Displacement 满载排水量Actual Displacement 实际排水量Over weight surcharge 超重附加费Bunker Adjustment Factor (Surcharge) (BAS or BS) 燃油附加费Port Surcharge 港口附加费Port Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤附加费Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF) 货币贬值附加费Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费Direct Additional 直航附加费Additional for Optional Destination 选卸港附加费Additional for Alteration of Destination 变更卸货港附加费Fumigation Charge 熏蒸费Bill of Lading 提单On Board (Shipped) B/L 已装船提单Received for shipment B/L 备运(收妥待运)提单Named B/L 记名提单Bearer B/L 不记名提单Order B/L 指示提单Blank Endorsement 空白备书Clean B/L 清洁提单In apparent good order and condition 外表状况良好Unclean ( Foul, Dirty) B/L 不清洁提单Direct B/L 直航提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单Through B/L 联运提单Multi-modal (Inter-modal, combined) transport B/L 多式联运提单Long Form B/L 全式提单Short Form B/L 简式提单Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Stale B/L 过期提单On Deck B/L 甲板货提单Charter Party B/L 租约项下提单House B/L 运输代理行提单Seaworthiness 船舶适航Charter Party ( C/P) 租船合同(租约)Voyage charter party 航次租船合同Time Charter Party 定期租船合同Bareboat (demise) Charter Party 光船租船合同Common carrier 公共承运人Private carrier 私人承运人Single trip C/P 单航次租船合同Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次租船合同Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同Contract of Affreightment (COA) 包运合同Voyage Charter Party on Time Basis 航次期租合同Fixture Note 租船确认书Free In (FI) 船方不负责装费Free Out (FO) 船方不负责卸费Free In and Out (FIO) 船方不负责装卸费Free In and Out ,Stowed and Trimmed (FIOST) 船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费Declaration of ship´s Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo 宣载通知书Dunnage and separations 垫舱和隔舱物料Lump-sum freight 整船包价运费Weather working days (W.W.D) 良好天气工作日Notice of Readiness (NOR) 船舶准备就绪通知书Idle formality 例行手续Laytime statement 装卸时间计算表Damage for Detention 延期损失Customary Quick Despatch (CQD) 习惯快速装运International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) 国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规)Booking Note 托运单(定舱委托书)Shipping Order (S/O) 装货单 (下货纸)Mate´s Receipt 收货单Loading List 装货清单Cargo Manifest 载货清单(货物舱单)Stowage Plan 货物积载计划Dangerous Cargo List 危险品清单Stowage Factor 积载因素(系数)Inward cargo 进港货Outward cargo 出港货Container yard (CY) 集装箱堆场Container Freight Station ( CFS) 集装箱货运站Container Load Plan 集装箱装箱单Conventional Container Ship 集装箱两用船Semi-container Ship 半集装箱船Full Container Ship 全集装箱船Full Container Load (FCL) 整箱货Less Container Load (LCL) 拼箱货Delivery Order (D/O) 提货单(小提单)Dock receipt 场站收据Twenty equivalent unit (TEU) 二十尺集装箱换算单位Equipment Interchange Receipt ( EIR) 集装箱设备交接单Demurrage 滞期费Crew List 船员名册Log book 航行日志Liner transport 班轮运输Tramp transport 不定期(租船)运输Minimum Freight 最低运费Maximum Freight 最高运费Accomplish a Bill of Lading (to) 付单提货Ad valorem freight 从价运费Address commission (Addcomm) 回扣佣金Adjustment 海损理算Average adjuster 海损理算师Average bond 海损分摊担保书Average guarantee 海损担保书Act of God 天灾All in rate 总运费率Annual survey 年度检验All purposes (A.P) 全部装卸时间All time saved (a.t.s) 节省的全部时间Always afloat 始终保持浮泊Anchorage 锚地Anchorage dues 锚泊费Arbitration award 仲裁裁决Arbitrator 仲裁员Arrest a ship 扣押船舶Area differential 地区差价Addendum (to a charter party) ( 租船合同)附件Apron 码头前沿Bale or bale capacity 货舱包装容积Back (return) load 回程货Back to back charter 转租合同Backfreight 回程运费Ballast (to) 空载行驶Barge 驳船Barratry 船员不轨Barrel handler 桶抓Base cargo (1) 垫底货Base cargo (2) 起运货量Bundle (Bd) 捆(包装单位)Beam 船宽Bearer ( of a B/L) 提单持有人Both ends (Bends) 装卸两港Boatman 缆工Buoy 浮标Bunker escalation clause 燃料涨价条款Derrick 吊杆Fork-lift truck 铲车Boom of a fork-lift truck 铲车臂Both to blame collision clause 互有过失碰撞条款Book space 洽订舱位Bottom 船体Bottom stow cargo 舱底货Bottomry loan 船舶抵押贷款Breakbulk 零担Breakbulk cargo 零担货物Broken stowage 亏舱Brokerage 经纪人佣金Bulk cargo 散装货Bulk carrier 散货船Bulk container 散货集装箱American Bureau of Shipping (A.B.S.) 美国船级社Bureau Veritas (B.V.) 法国船级社Cabotage 沿海运输Canal transit dues 运河通行税Capsize vessel 超宽型船Captain 船长Car carrier 汽车运输船Car container 汽车集装箱Cargo hook 货钩Cargo sharing 货载份额Cargo superintendent 货物配载主管Cargo tank 货箱Cargo tracer 短少货物查询单Cargoworthiness 适货Carryings 运输量Certificate of seaworthiness 适航证书Cesser clause 责任终止条款Chassis 集装箱拖车Claims adjuster 理赔人Classification certificate 船级证书Classification register 船级公告Classification society 船级社Classification survey 船级检验Paramount clause 首要条款Clean (petroleum ) products 精练油Clean the holds (to) 清洁货舱Closing date 截至日Closure of navigation 封航Collapsible flattrack 折叠式板架集装箱Completely knocked down (CKD) 全拆装Compulsory pilotage 强制引航Conference 公会Congestion 拥挤Congestion surcharge 拥挤费Con-ro ship 集装箱/滚装两用船Consecutive voyages 连续航程Consign 托运Consignee 收货人Consignor 发货人Consignment 托运;托运的货物Consolidation (groupage) 拼箱Consortium 联营Constants 常数Container barge 集装箱驳船Container leasing 集装箱租赁Containerization 集装箱化Containerised 已装箱的,已集装箱化的Containership 集装箱船Contamination (of cargo ) 货物污染Contributory value 分摊价值Conveyor belt 传送带Corner casting (fitting) 集装箱(角件)Corner post 集装箱(角柱)Crane 起重机Crawler mounted crane 履带式(轨道式)起重机Custom of the port (COP) 港口惯例Customary assistance 惯常协助Daily running cost 日常营运成本Deadfreight 亏舱费Deadweight (weight) cargo 重量货Deadweight cargo (carrying)capacity 载货量Deaiweight scale 载重图表Deck cargo 甲板货Delivery of cargo (a ship) 交货(交船) Despatch or Despatch money 速遣费Destuff 卸集装箱Det Norske Veritas (D.N.V.) 挪威船级社Deviation 绕航Direct discharge (车船)直卸Direct transshipment 直接转船Dirty(Black) (petroleum) products ( D.P.P.) 原油Disbursements 港口开支Discharging port 卸货港Disponent owner 二船东Dock 船坞Docker 码头工人Door to door 门到门运输Downtime (设备)故障时间Draft (draught) 吃水;水深Draft limitation 吃水限制Dropping outward pilot (D.O.P.) 引航员下船时Dry cargo 干货Dry cargo(freight) container 干货集装箱Dry dock 干船坞Demurrage half despatch (D1/2D) 速遣费为滞期费的一半Efficient deck hand (E.D.H.) 二级水手Elevator 卸货机Enter a ship inwards (outwards) 申请船舶进港(出港) Entrepot 保税货Equipment 设备(常指集装箱)Equipment handover charge 设备使用费Estimated Time of Arrival(ETA)预计到达时间Estimated time of completion (ETC) 预计完成时间Estimated time of departure (ETD) 预计离港时间Estimated time of readiness (ETR) 预计准备就绪时间Estimated time of sailing (ETS) 预计航行时间Europallet 欧式托盘Even if used (E.I.U.) 即使使用Excepted period 除外期间Exception 异议Exceptions clause 免责条款Excess landing 溢卸Expiry of laytime 装卸欺瞒Extend suit time 延长诉讼时间Extend a charter 延长租期Extension of a charter 租期延长Extension to suit time 诉讼时间延长Extreme breadth 最大宽度Fairway 航道Feeder service 支线运输服务Feeder ship 支线船Ferry 渡轮First class ship 一级船Flag of convenience (FOC) 方便旗船Floating crane 浮吊Floating dock 浮坞Force majeure 不可抗力Fork-lift truck 铲车Forty foot equivalent unit (FEU) 四十英尺集装箱换算单位Four-way pallet 四边开槽托盘Freeboard 干舷Freight all kinds (FAK) 包干运费Freight canvasser 揽货员Freight collect (freight payable at destination) 运费到付Freight prepaid 运费预付Freight quotation 运费报价Freight rate (rate of freight) 运费率Freight tariff 运费费率表Freight ton (FT) 运费吨Freight manifest 运费舱单Freighter 货船Fresh water load line 淡水载重线Fridays and holidays excepted (F.H.E.X .) 星期五和节假日除外Full and complete cargo 满舱满载货Full and down 满舱满载Gantry crane 门式起重机(门吊)Gencon 金康航次租船合同General average 共同海损General average act 共同海损行为General average contribution 共同海损分摊General average sacrifice 共同海损牺牲General cargo (generals) 杂货General purpose container 多用途集装箱Geographical rotation 地理顺序Germanischer Lloyd (G.L.) 德国船级社Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.) 格林威治时间Grabbing crane 抓斗起重机Grain or grain capacity 散装舱容Gross weight(GW) 毛重Grounding 触底Gunny bag 麻袋Gunny matting 麻垫Hague Rules 海牙规则Hague-Visby Rules 海牙维斯比规则Hamburg Rules 汉堡规则Hand hook 手钩Handymax 杂散货船Handy-sized bulker 小型散货船Harbour 海港Harbour dues 港务费Hatch (hatch cover) 舱盖Hatchway 舱口Head charter (charter party) 主租船合同Head charterer 主租船人Heavy lift 超重货物Heavy lift additional (surcharge) 超重附加费Heavy lift derrick 重型吊杆Heavy weather 恶劣天气Heavy fuel oil (H.F.O) 重油Hire statement 租金单Hold 船舱Home port 船籍港Homogeneous cargo 同种货物Hook 吊钩Hopper 漏斗House Bill of Lading 运输代理行提单Hovercraft 气垫船Husbandry 维修Inland container depot 内陆集装箱Ice-breaker 破冰船Identity of carrier clause 承运人责任条款Idle (船舶、设备)闲置Immediate rebate 直接回扣International Maritime Organization (IMO) 国际海事组织Import entry 进口报关Indemnity 赔偿Inducement 起运量Inducement cargo 起运量货物Inflation adjustment factor ( IAF) 通货膨胀膨胀调整系数Infrastructure (of a port) (港口)基础设施Inherent vice 固有缺陷Institute Warranty Limits (IWL) (伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围Insufficient packing 包装不足Intaken weight 装运重量International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) 国际船级社协会Inward 进港的Inward cargo 进港货物International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) 国际运输工人联合会Itinerary 航海日程表Jettison 抛货Joint service 联合服务Joint survey 联合检验Jumbo derrick 重型吊杆Jurisdiction (Litigation)clause 管辖权条款Knot 航速(节)Laden 满载的Laden draught 满载吃水Landbridge 陆桥Landing charges 卸桥费Landing,storage and delivery 卸货、仓储和送货费Lash 用绳绑扎Lashings 绑扎物Latitude 纬度Lay-by berth 候载停泊区Laydays (laytime) 装卸货时间Laydays canceling (Laycan或L/C) 销约期Laytime saved 节省的装卸时间Laytime statement 装卸时间记录Lay up 搁置不用Leg (of a voyage) 航段Length overall (overall length ,简称LOA) (船舶)总长Letter of indemnity 担保书(函)Lien 留置权Lift-on lift-off (LO-LO) 吊上吊下Lighter 驳船Limitation of liability 责任限制Line (shipping line) 航运公司Liner ( liner ship) 班轮Liner in free out (LIFO) 运费不包括卸货费Liner terms 班轮条件Lloyd´s Register of Shipping 劳埃德船级社Loadline (load line) 载重线Loading hatch 装货口Log abstract 航海日志摘录Long length additional 超长附加费Long ton 长吨Longitude 经度Lump sum charter 整笔运费租赁Maiden voyage 处女航Main deck 主甲板Main port 主要港口Manifest 舱单Maritime declaration of health 航海健康申明书Maritime lien 海事优先权Marks and numbers 唛头Mate´s receipt 大副收据Mean draught 平均吃水Measurement cargo 体积货物Measurement rated cargo 按体积计费的货物Measurement rules 计量规则Merchant (班轮提单)货方Merchant haulage 货方拖运Merchant marine 商船Metric ton 公吨Misdelivery 错误交货Misdescription 错误陈述Mixed cargo 混杂货Mobile crane 移动式起重机More or less (mol.) 增减More or less in charterer’s option (MOLCHOP) 承租人有增减选择权More or less in owner’s option (MOLOO) 船东有增减选择权Mother ship 母船Multideck ship 多层甲板船Multi-purpose cargo ship 多用途船Multi-purpose terminal 多用途场站Narrow the laycan 缩短销约期Net weight 净重New Jason clause 新杰森条款New York Produce Exchange charter-party (NYPE) 纽约土产交易所制定的定期程租船合同格式Newbuilding 新船Nippon kaiji kyokai (NKK) 日本船级社No cure no pay 无效果无报酬Not otherwise enumerated (N.O.E.) 不另列举Nominate a ship 指定船舶进行航行To be nominated (TBN) 指定船舶Non-conference line (Independent line ,Outsider) 非公会成员的航运公司Non-delivery 未交货Non-negotiable bill of lading 不可流通的提单Non-reversible laytime 不可调配使用的装卸时间Non-vessel owning(operating) common carrier (NVOCC) 无船承运人Not always afloat but safe aground 不保持浮泊但安全搁浅Note protest 作海事声明Notice of redelivery 还船通知书Notify party 通知方Ocean (Liner, Sea) waybill 海运单Off hire 停租Oil tanker 油轮On-carriage 货运中转On-carrier 接运承运人One-way pallet 单边槽货盘Open hatch bulk carrier 敞舱口散货船Open rate 优惠费率Open rated cargo 优惠费率货物Open side container 侧开式集装箱Open top container 开顶集装箱Operate a ship 经营船舶Optional cargo 选港货物Ore/bulk/oil carrier 矿石/散货/油轮Out of gauge 超标(货物)Outport 小港Outturn 卸货Outturn report 卸货报告Outward 进港的Overheight cargo 超重货物Overlanded cargo or overlanding 溢卸货Overload 超载Overstow 堆码Overtime (O/T) 加班时间Overtonnaging 吨位过剩Owner´s agents 船东代理人Package limitation 单位(赔偿)责任限制Packing list 装箱单Pallet 托(货)盘Pallet truck 托盘车Palletized 托盘化的Panamax 巴拿马型船Parcel 一包,一票货Performance claim 性能索赔Perishable goods 易腐货物Permanent dunnage 固定垫舱物Per freight ton (P. F. T.) 每运费吨Phosphoric acid carrier 磷酸船Piece weight 单重Pier 突码头Pier to pier 码头至码头运输Piggy –back 驮背运输Pilferage 偷窃Pilot 引航员Pilotage 引航Pilotage dues 引航费Platform 平台Platform flat 平台式集装箱Pooling (班轮公司间分摊货物或运费)分摊制Port 港口,船的左舷Port of refuge 避难港Portable unloader 便携式卸货机Post fixture 订约后期工作Post-entry 追补报关单Preamble (租船合同)前言Pre-entry 预报单Pre-shipment charges 运输前费用Pre-stow 预定积载Private form 自用式租船合同Pro forma charter-party 租约格式Produce carrier 侧开式集装箱Product (products) carrier 液体货运输船Promotional rate 促销费率Prospects 预期Protecting (protective, supervisory) agent 船东利益保护人Protection and indemnity club (association) (P.& I. Club ,Pandi club) 船东保赔协会Protective clauses 保护性条款Protest 海事声明Pumpman 泵工Purchase (吊杆)滑车组Quarter ramp 船尾跳板Quarter-deck 后甲板Quay 码头Quote 报价Ramp 跳板Ramp/hatch cover (跳板)舱口盖Rate 费率 Rate of demurrage 滞期费率Rate of discharge (discharging) 卸货率Rate of freight 运费率Rate of loading 装货Receiving dates 收货期间Recharter 转租Recovery agent 追偿代理Redelivery (redly) 还船Redelivery certificate 还船证书Refrigerated (reefer)container 冷藏集装箱Refrigerated (reefer) ship 冷藏船Register 登记,报到Register (registered) tonnage 登记吨位Registration 登记,报到Registro Italiano Navale (R.I.) 意大利船级社Release a bill of lading 交提单Release cargo 放货Remaining on board (R.O.B.) 船上所有Removable deck 活动甲板Reporting point ( calling-in-point) 报告点Reposition containers 调配集装箱Respondentia loan 船货抵押贷款Return cargo 回程货Return load 回程装载Reversible 可逆的。

国际贸易实务英文名词解释英to英

国际贸易实务英文名词解释英to英

国际贸易实务英文名词解释英to英What’s International TradeThe international trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services producedin another country.EXPORTINGExporting is the process of earning money by providing the right product at the right price at the right time in the right place beyond your home boundary. The ultimate goal is to make sure that the exporter is to be paid for the goods he sells.EXWEXW means the seller delivers when he places the goods at the di sposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises 法定地址 or another named place. The seller doesn’t not declare the goods for export and he needn’t load goods on any collecting vehicle. FASFree alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the goods from that moment.FOBFree on Board means the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. T his means that thebuyer has to bear all the costs and risks from that point. The FOB terms require the seller to clear the goods for export.CFRCost and freight means that the seller delivers when the goods pass ship’s rail at the named port of sh ipmentCIFCIF means that the seller bears the same obligations as under CFR. In additional that he has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pay the insurance premium.FCA; Free carrier …Named placeIt means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods; cleared for export; into the custody of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point.If no precise point is indicated by the buyer; the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take charge of the goods. When; according to commercial practices; the seller’s assistance is required in making the contract with th e carrier; the seller may act at the buyer’s risk and expenses.CPT; Carriage paid to …named place of destination 运费付至…指定目的地It means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination; the risk of; loss of;or damage to the goods; as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier; is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.CIP; Carriage and insurance paid to …named place of destination 运费保险费付至…指定目的地It means that the seller has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer’s risk of; loss of; or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.DES; Delivered Ex Ship…n amed port of destination 船上交货…指定目的港It means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved in bringing the goods there.DEQ; Delivered ex Quay…names port of destination 码头交货…指定目的港It means that the seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay at the destination named in the sales contract.The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved on bringing the goods there.DDU; Delivered Duty Unpaid …named place of destination 未完税交货…指定目的地It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods there; as well as the cost and risk of carrying out customs formalities for export. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and bear any risks caused by his failure to clear the goods for import in time.DDP;Delivered Duty Paid…named place of destination完税后交货…指定目的地It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the risks and costs including duties; taxes and other charges for delivering the goods; clearing for importation. It represents the maximum obligation borne by the seller.DAF; Delivered At Frontier …named place 边境交货…指定地点It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available; cleared for export; at the named point of place at the frontier; but before the customs border of the country named in the sales contract.Quality of goodsThe quality of goods refers to the outward appearance and the essential quality of the goods; such as shape; structure; color; flavors well as chemical composition; physical and mechanical property; biological feature; etc.In international trade; quality of the goods not only concerns the value in use and the price of the goods; but also concerns the sales of the goods and credit standing of the manufacturer.Sale by samples.The sample refers to the article which can be used to represent the quality of the whole lot. Sale by sample includes tree cases; i.e.; sale by the seller’s sample and sale; sale by the buyer’s sample and sale by counter sampleSale by actual quality: 以实际品质交货In this case; the buyer or his agent examines the goods at seller’s place at first. After they conclude a deal; the seller shall deliver the goods according to the goodsexamined.Sale by description:以说明表示In international business; most commodities are suitable to sale by description which can be subdivided into 7 kindsSale by specification:凭规格买卖The specification of the goods refers to certain main indicators which indicate the quality of the goods; such as composition; content; purity; size; length; etc.Sale by grade: 凭等级买卖The grade of the goods refers to the classifications of the commodity of the goods which is indicated by words; numbers or symbols. The classifications are usually decided by different qualities; weights; compositions; appearances;properties; etc.Sale by standard: 凭标准买卖The standard refers to the specifications or grades which are stipulated and announced by the government or the chambers of commerce; etc.良好平均品质Sale by brand name or trademark: 凭商标品牌买卖As to the goods whose quality is stable; reputation is sound and with which the customers are quite familiar; we may sellit by brand name or trade mark.奔驰汽车Sale by name of origin: 凭产地名称买卖There are some agricultural products and by-products whose origins are well- known all over the world.Sale by description: 凭说明书和图样买卖The quality of some commodities; such as technological instruments; electric machines; etc. can not be simply indicated by quality indexes; instead it is quite necessary to explain in detail the structure; material; performance as well as method of operation. If necessary; pictures; photos;etc. must also be provided.Quality Tolerance品质公差The quality tolerance is used in the trade of industrial products; which means that the quality of the goods delivered by the seller is allowed to have certain differences withina certain range since such differences are usually unavoidableand commonly accepted as the usage of the same special trade.Quality tolerance is mainly used for industrial products Quality latitude 品质机动幅度The quality latitude means that the quality indexes of the goods delivered by the seller may be controlled flexibly within a certain latitude.The packing of goodsIn international trade packing is one of the essential component parts of commodity production. Generally speaking; only packed commodities can enter into the circulation field; and attain the commercial value and use value of the goods. Packing can protect commodity and keep it good in quality and intact in quantity in the circulation process.Neutral packing and brand designated by the buyer 中性包装和定牌It means that there is neither a name of the origin; nor a name of the factory; nor a trade mark; a brand; or even any words on the packing of the commodity and the commodity itself. It includes two kinds: packing with trade mark designated by the buyer but without the mark of the manufacturers and origins packing and without trade mark and origins as well as the mark of the manufacturersBrand designated by the buyer:It means that the seller addresses the trade mark or brand on the package of the commodity or the commodity itself as buyer’s request.定牌是指卖方按买方要求在其出售的商品或包装上标明买方指定的商标或品牌;这种做法叫定牌生产..Shipping mark: 运输标志这种标志又称唛头;通常是由一个简单的几何图形和一些字母、数字及简单的丈字组成..It is usually made up of geometrical diagrams; letters;figures and simple words. The contents of shipping mark are as follows:1.Consignee’s code or Consignor’s code2. Reference Number3.Destination4.Package numberThe shipping mark also include the contract number; gross and net weight; origin; etc..Indicative mark: 指示性标志This kind of mark is used to reminder the relative workers of the items for attention when they load; unload; carry and store the goods; such as ‘ handle with care’; ‘keep dry’ etc. Warning mark: 警告性标志It is also called dangerous cargo mark; which is brushed clearly and definitely on the shipping packing of the inflammable; explosive; poisonous; corrosive goods; so as to give warnings to the workers.Commodity InspectionThe inspection of commodities refers to that inspection institutions should examine the quality; quantity; packing; etc. of commodities delivered by the seller in order to make sure that the goods are exactly in conformity with the terms of sales contract or the stipulations of documentary credit.International Cargo TransportationThe international cargo transportation refers to the act of the seller delivering the contracted cargoes at the agreed time;place and in the agreed manners; to the buyer Physical delivery of goods. Actually; in modern business society; international cargo transportation also means to transfer the shipping documents at the stipulated time to the buyer Symbolic delivery of goods.TrampShipping by chartering 租船运输It means a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or schedule of sailings or port or freight. The shipper charters ship from the shipowner and uses it to carry the goods. It falls into3 kinds:Natural calamities自然灾害They are caused by the forces resulting from the changes of nature; e.g.; vile weather; thunder; lightning;tsunami/tsu'nɑ:mi/海啸; earthquake; flood; etc.Fortuitous accidents: 意外事故They include accidents resulting from unexpected causes; the carrying conveyance being grounded; stranded; or in collision with floating ice or other objects; as well as fire or explosion. Actual Total Loss: 实际全损It means that the insured subject matter is totally and irretrievably un-savable lost.Constructive Total Loss: 推定全损It is estimated that the actual total loss of cargo is inevitable or the cost of salvage or recovery could have exceed the value of the cargo.General Average: 共同海损It refers to a certain special sacrifice and extraexpense intentionally incurred for the general interests of the ship-owner; the insurer; and the owners of the various cargoes abroad the ship.When a ship is in danger; the captain must make a decision and one of shippers will suffer.In order to compensate the special sacrifice;all the others will club together to re-compensate him for loss.Particular average: 单独海损It means that a particular cargo is damaged by any cause and the degree of the damage does not reach a total loss; i.e.; onlya partial loss; which shall be borne by the owner of thisindividual consignment.水渍险All risks: 一切险Additional risks 附加险This kind of risk can’t be covered independently; They shall be underwritten depending on one kind of the basic risks.General additional risks 一般附加险Special additional risks 特殊附加险General Additional RisksIt includes theft; fresh and rain water damage; shortage;leakage; sweating and heating ;intermixture and contamination;odor; hook damage; breakage of packing; rusting; etc. Special additional risks includesIt includes war risk;strikes risk;failure to delivery;import duty risk;on deck risk;rejection risk and aflatoxin risk. Insurance Certificate 保险凭证It is a kind of simplified insurance policy; and the rights and obligations of two parties are omitted. But it has the same legal validity as the insurance policy.Bill of exchange 汇票A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing;addressed by one person to another; signed by the person giving it; requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand; or at a fixed or determinable further time;a sum certain in money to; or to the order of; a specifiedperson; or to any bearer.The drawer出票人The person who draws the bill of exchange and he is usually the exporter or his banker in import or export trade.The drawee付款人The person who is to pay the money and he is usually the importer or the appointed banker under a letter of credit in import and export trade.The payee 受款人The person who is to receive the money; he may be; and often is; the same person as the drawer and he is usually the exporter himself or his appointed banker in business or he may be the bearer of the bill.Drawing issuing 出票It means the act of the drawer in filling up the bill of exchange with particulars as to the name of the drawee; the amount payable; the date of payment and the name of the payee;and after signature; the drawer may present the bill to thedrawee through the medium of the payee or a banker. Presentation提示It refers to the act of the holder of the bill of exchange presenting the bill to the drawee; asking the later either to pay or to accept the bill. The drawee’s receiving or seeing the bill is called sight.Acceptance承兑It means the act of the drawee to show his responsibility by accepting the usance bill for payment at a fixed future date by writing the word “accepted”; marking the date of acceptance and signing on the face of the bill. Endorsement背书It may be a negotiable instrument; and may be transferable in the international money market. In the case of a “to order” bill of exchange; endorsement is needed in the procedure of negotiation or transfer by the payee by signing his name on the back of the bill; either blank endorsement which makes the bill payable to the bearer or holder; or full endorsement with the name of the transferee and his order; who is called the endorsee.Dishonour Protesting 拒付When a bill has been duly presented for acceptance orpayment and the acceptance or payment has been refused; the bill is said to be dishonored.Promissory Note: 本票A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writingmade by one person to another signed by the maker; engaging in paying; on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time;a sum certain in money to; or to a order of; a specified personor to a bearer.Classification of the promissory note 本票的分类A Promissory Note is classified into bank note andcommercial note. Bank note is issued by the bank; but commercial note is issued by the business unit or the individual.Cheque 支票A cheque is an unconditional order in writing drawn ona banker signed by the drawer; requiring the banker to pay ondemand a sum certain in money to or to the order of specified person or to a bearer.Remittance 汇付 The definition and parties of remittance 汇付的定义及其当事人Remittance means that the buyer remits money to the seller through a bank on his own initiative.Parties of remittanceRemitter汇款人Payee or beneficiary收款人Paying bank汇入行Remitting bank汇出行Mail transfer M/T:信汇The buyer gives money to a local bank which sends a trust deed契约for payment to its correspondent bank at the seller’s end by mail and entrusts it with the task to pay money to the seller.Telegraphic transfer T/T电汇At the request of the buyer; a local bank sends a trust deed for payment by cable or tested telegram directly to its corresp ondent bank at the seller’s end and en trusts the work to it to pay money to the seller.Demand draft D/D: 票汇The buyer buys a draft from a local bank and sends it by mail to the seller; the seller or his appointed person can collect money from the relative bank at his end against the draft sent by the buyer.Collection 托收Collection means that the exporter asks his bank toarrange for the acceptance or payment of the bill overseas;and the bank will carry his task through it’s own branch office abroad or a correspondent bank.Collection on Clean billIt means that the exporter collects the purchase price against the draft only; without any shipping documents attached thereto.Collection on documentary billIt means that the exporter collects the purchase price against the documentary bill. It can be subdivided into two kinds:Document against payment D/PD/P calls for actual payment against the transfer of shipping documents. There is D/P at sight and D/P after sigh .. D/P at sightAfter shipment of the goods; the exporter shall drawa sight bill of exchange; and send it as well as shippingdocuments to a local bank; through which and whose correspondent bank the documentary draft is presented to the importer. The importer shall pay against the documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. It requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents.Documents against acceptance D/AIt calls for deliver of documents against acceptance of the draft drawn by the exporter.D/A is always after sight; and it makes the importer get hold of shipping documents and take delivery of the goods before payment. So the exporter would have to take great risks L/CIn simple terms; a L/C is a conditional bank undertaking or guarantee of payment.Expressed more carefully; it is a written undertaking by a bank given to the seller at the request and in accordance with the instructions of the buyer to effect payment up to a stated sum of money; within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents.Issuing bank开证行which is the bank receiving the application from the applicant to issue the L/C and will be responsible for payment.It is usually a bank at the place where t he importer’s premise is located.The negotiating bank议付行which is a bank ready to accept or discount the documentary bill drawn by the beneficiary under the L/C. The negotiating bankmay be the advising bank or another bank appointed to negotiate under the L/C.paying bank付款行which is a bank responsible for the payment specified in the L/C.It is usually the issuing bank or it may be another bankappointed by the issuing bank according to stipulation inthe L/C.Confirming bank保兑行which is the bank confirmed in the L/C at the request of the issuing bank.Revocable L/C: 可撤消信用证The opening bank may amend or revoke the credit before negotiation; acceptance or payment without agreement of the beneficiary.Irrevocable L/C: 不可撤消信用证Once the L/C is opened; without agreement of the beneficiary; the opening bank can’t amend or revoke the L/C within its validity. As long as the beneficiary provides the documents in accordance with the stipulation in the L/C; the opening bank shall perform its duty of paymentConfirmed L/C: 保兑信用证The confirmed L/C should be an irrevocable L/Cconfirmed by the confirming bank. Once an L/C is confirmed;there are two banks to be responsible for the payment of the purchase price; i.e.; the opening bank and the confirming bank.Unconfirmed L/C: 不可保兑信用证The L/C isn’t confirmed by any bank.Transferable L/C: 可转让信用证It allows the beneficiary to transfer the amount partly or wholly of the L/C to one or more than one parties; i.e.;the second beneficiary.Non-transferable L/C: 不可转让信用证The beneficiary can’t transfer the L/C to other parties.Acceptance L/C: 承兑信用证This kind of L/C is accepted by the bank. When the beneficiary presents the time draft to the bank; the bank will accept it and pay the price on the due date.Negotiation L/C: 议付信用证The opening bank invites other bank to buy draft and /or documents. This kind of L/C allows the beneficiary to negotiate the purchase price from an indicated bank or any bank.Back to back L/C:The exporter sends the L/C established by the importer in his favor to a bank as sole security; requiring the local bank to reopen an L/C in favor of the actual exporter. The L/C opened by the importer is called the original L/C; while the second L/C issued in favor of the actual exporter at the request of the exporter is called the subsidiary L/C. Anticipatory credit: 预支信用证It is called the packing credit. The opening bank allows the beneficiary to collect the purchase price against the draft or other evidence; but he must give a receipt and an undertaking to present the required shipping documents within the validity of the credit.Standby L/C: 备用信用证It is also called the commercial paper L/C; which is a guaranty issued by the opening bank on behalf of the applicant declaring that the bank will undertake certain obligations.It is a special L/C which Northern American countries usually use instead of a letter of guarantee. The roles assumed by the standby not only include making payment but also include guaranteeing to perform a contract; making repayment for loan;and fulfilling other agreed obligations.Letter of guarantee L/G: 银行保函It is a written document issued by the bank on behalf ofthe importer or exporter in favor of the latter or the formerguaranteeing to undertake payment; conclusion or performanceof a contract; etc.The definition of claim and satisfaction:Claim means that in international trade; one party breaks thecontract and cause losses to the other party directly orindirectly; the party suffering the losses may ask forcompensation for the losses. Satisfaction means that the partybreaking the contract declares that he will accept and handle the claim.Arbitration 仲裁It means that the two parties; before or after the disputesarise; reach a written agreement that they will submit thedisputes which can’t be settled through amicablenegotiations to the third party for arbitration.。

物流术语中英文对照

物流术语中英文对照

物流术语英汉对照基本概念术语∙物品Article∙物流Logistics∙物流活动Logistics activity∙物流作业Logistics operation∙物流模数Logistics modulus∙物流技术Logistics technology∙物流成本Logistics cost∙物流管理Loglstics management∙物流中心Logistics center∙物流网络Logistics network∙物流信息Logistics information∙物流企业Loglstics enterprise∙物流单证Logistics documents∙物流联盟Logistics alliance∙供应物流Supply logistics∙生产物流Production logistics∙销售物流Distribution logistics∙回收物流Returned logistics∙废弃物物流Waste material logistics∙绿色物流Environmental logistics∙企业物流Internal logistics∙社会物流External logistics∙军事物流Military logistics∙国际物流International logistics∙第三方物流(Third-party logistics)∙第四方物流(Fourth party logistics)∙定制物流Customized logistics∙虚拟物流Virtual logistics∙增值物流服务Value-added logistics service ∙供应链Supp1y chain∙条码Barcode∙电子数据交换Electronic data interchange ∙有形损耗Tangible loss∙无形损耗Intangible loss[编辑]物流作业术语∙运输Transportation∙联合运输Combined transport∙直达运输Through transport∙中转运输Transfer transport∙甩挂运输Drop and pull transport∙集装运输Containerized transport∙集装箱运输Container transport∙门到门Door-to-door∙整箱货Full container load∙拼箱货Less than container load∙储存Storing∙保管Storage∙物品储备Article reserves∙库存Inventory∙经常库存Cycle stock∙安全库存Safety Stock∙库存周期Inventory cycle time∙前置期(或提前期)Lead time∙订货处理周期0rder cycle time∙货垛Goods stack∙堆码Stacking∙搬运Handling/carrying∙装卸Loading and unloading∙单元装卸Unit loading and unloading ∙包装Package/packaging∙销售包装Sales package∙定牌包装Packing of nominated brand ∙中性包装Neutral packing∙运输包装Transport package∙托盘包装palietizing∙集装化Containerization∙散装化In bulk∙直接换装Cross docking∙配送Distribution∙共同配送Joint distribution∙配送中心Distribution center∙分拣Sorting∙拣选0rder picking∙集货Goods collection∙组配Assemb1y∙流通加工Distribution processing∙冷链Cold chain∙检验Inspection[编辑]物流技术装备与设施术语∙仓库warehouse∙库房Storehouse∙库房Depot∙自动化仓库Automatic Warehouse∙立体仓库Stereoscopic Warehouse∙虚拟仓库virtual warehouse∙保税仓库Bonded Warehouse∙出口监管仓库Export supervised warehouse∙海关监管货物Cargo under custom’Ssupervision ∙冷藏区Chill space∙冷冻区Freeze space∙控湿储存区Humidity controlled space∙温度可控区Temperature controlled space∙收货区Receiving space∙发货区Shipping space∙料棚Goods shed∙货场Goods yard∙货架Goods shelf∙托盘Pallet∙叉车Forklift truck∙输送机Conveyor∙输送机Conveyor∙箱式车Box car∙集装箱Container∙换算箱Twenty-feet equiva1ent unit∙特种货物集装箱Specific cargo container∙全集装箱船Full container ship∙铁路集装箱场Railway container yard∙公路集装箱中转站Inland container depot∙集装箱货运站Container freight station∙集装箱码头Container terminal∙国际铁路联运International through raiIway transport∙国际多式联运International multimodal transport∙大陆桥运输Land bridge transport∙班轮运输Liner transport∙租船运输Shipping by chartering∙船务代理Shipping agency∙国际货运代理International freight forwarding agent∙理货Tally∙国际货物运输保险International transportation cargo insurance ∙报关Customs declaration∙报关行Customs broker∙进出口商品检验Commodity inspection[编辑]物流管理术语∙物流战略Logistics strategy∙物流战略管理Logistics strategy management∙仓库管理Warehouse management∙仓库布局warehouse layout∙库存控制Inventory control∙经济订货批量Economic order quantity∙定量订货方式Fixed-quantity system∙定期订货方式Fixed-interval system∙ABC分类管理ABC classification∙电子订货系统Electronic order system∙准时制Just in time∙准时制物流Just-in-time logistics∙零库存技术Zero-inventory Technology∙物流成本管理Logistics cost control∙物料需求计划Material requirements planning MRP∙制造资源计划Manufacturing resource planning MRP∙配送需求计划Distribution requirements planning DRP∙配送资源计划Distrlbution resource planning∙物流资源计划Logistics resource planning∙企业资源计划Enterprise resource planning∙供应链管理Supp1y chain management∙快速反应Quick response∙有效客户反应Efficient customer response∙连续库存补充计划Continuous replenishment program∙计算机辅助订货系统Computer assisted ordering ∙供应商管理库存Vendor managed inventory∙业务外包Outsourcing。

资源环境领域脱钩分析研究进展

资源环境领域脱钩分析研究进展

第25卷 第8期自 然 资 源 学 报V ol 25N o 8 2010年8月J OURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES A ug .,2010收稿日期:2010-02-25;修订日期:2010-05-09。

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(40801063,40971104);国家科技部 十一五 支撑项目!!!村镇节地控制关键技术研究资助(2006BAJ05A08,2006BA J 05A03);江苏省国土资源科技项目(200905,2009021)。

第一作者简介:钟太洋(1976-),男,江西于都人,讲师,博士,中国自然资源学会会员(S300000335M ),主要从事土地资源方面的研究。

E m ai:l tai yangz hong @163.co m*通信作者简介:黄贤金(1968-),男,江苏扬中人,教授、博士生导师,中国自然资源学会会员(S300000423M ),主要从事土地资源方面的研究。

E m ai:l hx j 369@nju .edu .cn资源环境领域脱钩分析研究进展钟太洋1,黄贤金1*,韩 立2,王柏源2(1 南京大学国土资源与旅游学系,南京210093;2 中国土地勘测规划院,北京100035)摘要:为掌握资源环境领域脱钩分析的研究进展,论文采用概括和比较分析的手段,从脱钩概念界定、脱钩分析的主要关注领域、脱钩分析的测度方法以及脱钩指标4个方面对资源环境领域的脱钩分析进行了梳理和概括。

归纳出已有研究的几个特点:∀不同研究对于脱钩的定义和类型划分不同,就脱钩而言,主要区别在于所包含绝对脱钩、相对脱钩和衰退性脱钩中的类型不同;#目前脱钩分析的研究领域主要集中在宏观层面以及部分行业(产业)层面的环境(资源)压力与其驱动因素之间的脱钩分析;∃不同研究所采用的脱钩测度方法有很大差别,目前大致有8类不同的脱钩测度方法;%脱钩指标也是脱钩分析中的一项重要研究内容,目前还没有一个统一的指标体系,越来越多的研究将各类有关环境压力和资源消耗的指标应用到脱钩分析作为脱钩指标。

Usotki商务企业和经济管理专业英语名词

Usotki商务企业和经济管理专业英语名词

Usotki商务企业和经济管理专业英语名词生命是永恒不断的创造,因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力,它不断流溢,越出时间和空间的界限,它不停地追求,以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

--泰戈尔商务企业和经济管理专业英语名词activity-basedcosting业务量成本法/作业成本法acrs(acceleratedcostrecoverysystem)快速成本回收制度actionmessage行为/措施信息ais(accountinginformationsystem)会计信息高?nbsp;allocation已分配量anticipateddelayreport拖期预报a/p(accountspayable)应付帐款apics(americanproduction&inventorycontrolsociety)美国生产及库存掌控协会aql(acceptablequalitylevel)可以拒绝接受质量水平a/r(accountsreceivable)应收账款帐款automaticrescheduling自动重排产availabletopromise(apt)可以签下量backflush好像冲法backlog未完成订单/未结订单backscheduling倒序排产beanalysis(break-evenanalysis)盈亏临界点分析,保本分析billofmaterial(bom)物料目录businessplan经营规划b/v(bookvalue)帐面价值capacityrequirementsplanning(crp)能力需求计划cba(cost-benefitanalysis)成本效益分析ceo首席执行官cfo(chieffinancialofficer)财务总裁closedloopmrp闭环物料市场需求计划cpm(criticalpathmethod)关键路线法cppaccounting(constantpurchasingpoweraccounting)不变购买力会计cumulativeleadtime累计提前期cyclecounting周期盘点demand需求demandmanagement市场需求管理demonstratedcapacity实际能力dependentdemand非独立需求dfl(degreeoffinancialleverage)财务杠杆系数direct-deductinventorytransactionprocessing直接增减库存法dispatchlist派工单dol(degreeofoperatingleverage)经营杠杆系数els(economiclotsize)经济批量eoq(economicorderquantity)经济订货批量fifo(fist-in,fist-out)先进先出法firmplannedorder确认计划订单fish/lifo(fist-in,still-here)后进先出法fixedorderquantity紧固订货批量法flowshop流水车间focusforecasting集中预测fullpegging完全跟踪generallyacceptedmanufacturingpractices普遍认为生产管理原则independentdemand单一制市场需求inpu/outputcontrol资金投入/生产量掌控interplantdemand厂际市场需求inventoryturnover库存周转次数item物料项目itemrecord项目记录jobshop加工车间just-in-time(jit)准时制生产leadtime提早期前置期,指订单从接到具体内容明细表发货至货仓接到落下货纸这一段时间,可以用评估工厂的综合实力。

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一摇 8 种脱钩状态的英文术语名称和 现状译名
摇 摇 泰朴在他的文章里构建了一个模型计算脱钩 弹性指数( decoupling elasticity value) [2] ,根据该指
44
探讨与争鸣
部六 省[18] 、 京 津 冀[19] 、 新 疆[20] 、 山 东[21] 、 浙 江[22] 等地的碳排放与经济增长的脱钩关系。 但是目前 国内发表的相关中文文献对脱钩分析 8 种状态的 术语译名并不完全准确,比如 expansive coupling,译 为“ 增长连接冶 “ 扩张连接冶 “ 扩张耦合冶 ; recessive coupling,译为 “ 衰 退 连 接冶 “ 衰 退 耦 合冶 ; expansive negative decoupling,译为“ 扩张性负脱钩冶 。 如果不 加解释,很难明白这些术语的字面含义。 为帮助相 关研究者尤其是刚进入该领域探索的学者理解各 状态所指示的真实含义,本文针对这 8 种状态提出 一套新的脱钩ation of the English Terms for Decoupling Analysis / / KUANG Yaoqiu, ZHAO Yalan
Abstract: In view of the difficulty in understanding the Chinese translation names of English terms in eight states of decoupling analysis in the Chinese literatures published in China, we propose a new translation scheme for decoupling analysis terms. We suggest that the term “ expansive coupling冶 be translated as “ 联动增长冶 , the term “ recessive coupling冶 be translated as “ 联动衰退冶 , and the term “ negative decoupling冶 be translated as “ 不良脱钩冶 . Keywords:carbon emission; decoupling analysis; decoupling states; translation of terms
收稿日期:2018-04-14摇 摇 修回日期:2018-09-28 基金项目:广东省省级科技计划项目(2016A020228009) ;广东省生态文明协同创新重点研究基地项目“ 广东污染产业的空间
分布及变迁研究冶 作者简介:匡耀求(1963—) ,男,博士,研究员,研究方向为地球系统科学与可持续发展。 通信方式:yaoqiuk@ gig. ac. cn。
摇 摇 自从 2002 年经济合作与发展组织( OECD) [1] 提出衡量环境压力与经济增长联动关系的脱钩理 论以来,脱钩分析在资源环境压力与经济发展关系 研究领域的应用开始受到关注。 2005 年 3 月泰朴 ( Tapio) 在 《 运 输 政 策》 ( Transport Policy) 发 表 的 Towards a theory of decoupling: degrees of decoupling in the EU and the case of road traffic in Finland between 1970 and 2001 一文改进了脱钩理论,将脱 钩情形的判定细化为 8 种状态,明确了各种状态的 判定标准[2] 。 国内自 2006 年以来,运用脱钩分析 的相关研究成果不断涌现。 截至 2018 年 4 月 4 日 中国知网可搜索到 245 篇以“ 脱钩分析冶 为主题的 国内文献,2015 年以来每年都超过 40 篇。 文中涉 及“ 脱钩分析冶 的国内文献更已多达 805 篇,过去的
摘摇 要:针对目前国内发表的相关中文文献对脱钩分析 8 种状态的英文术语汉译名称难以理解的问题,提出了一个新的脱 钩分析术语 译 名 方 案, 建 议 将 expansive coupling 译 为 “ 联 动 增 长冶 , 将 recessive coupling 译 为 “ 联 动 衰 退冶 , 将 negative decoupling 译为“ 不良脱钩冶 。 关键词:碳排放;脱钩分析;脱钩状态;术语翻译 中图分类号:F205;H159摇 摇 文献标识码:A摇 摇 DOI:10. 3969 / j. issn. 1673-8578. 2019. 01. 008
中国科技术语 / 2019 年摇 第 21 卷摇 第 1 期
脱钩分析英文术语名称的汉译
匡耀求1,2 摇 赵亚兰1,2,3
(1. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广东广州摇 510640; 2. 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 广东广州摇 510640; 3. 中国科学院大学,北京摇 100049)
5 年 里 每 年 发 表 的 都 超 过 100 篇,2016 年 达 153 篇。 目前,脱钩模型已广泛应用于碳排放与出口贸 易[3] 、能源消费与经济[4] 、 环境压力与经济[1] 、 碳 排放与工业[5] 、交通运输碳排放与经济[6] 、工业废 水排放与经济[7] 、农业碳排放与经济[8] 、耕地占用 与经 济[9-12] 、 循 环 经 济[13] 以 及 生 态 经 济 发 展 评 价[14] 等众多领域。 可以看到,脱钩模型在资源环 境和经济发展关系方面的应用十分普遍,基本涵盖 了所有地区和行业。 比如庄贵阳[15] 运用泰朴脱钩 标准对包括中国在内的 20 个温室气体排放大国在 不同时期的脱钩特征进行了分析;彭佳雯[16] 等开 展了中国经济增长与能源碳排放的脱钩研究;李忠 民[17] 等分析了中国东、中、西三大区碳排放与经济 增长之间的脱钩关系等。 还有一些学者测度了中
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