商法-澳大利亚
澳大利亚商业法律
澳大利亚商业法律Business Law（商业法律下称商法)为初入商科的学生指明了在商业运作中所用手段的基本底线。
掌握商法可以对您以后在西方社会的商业行动和日常生活提供最基本的法律参考。
商法所使用教材为<<BUSINESS LAW>> by Andy Gibson and Douglas Fraser。
在这个学期13周的课程中，学生被期望掌握以下知识，其中侵权行为和财产法为期中重点考试内容（有些翻译可能不是很恰当，如有失误请指出，谢谢大家）1.什么是法律（What is law)第一星期：基础介绍2.澳大利亚法律系统(Austalian Legal System)第二星期：成文法，普通法，法院的职责，权利的分配，法院的等级制度3.侵权行为(Law of Torts)第三星期：直接和间接侵权，失职(Negligence)，法院判定失职所用的5步处理方法，民事责任准则第四星期：回顾第三个星期，企业失职(Application of Negligence to Business), 国际侵权（International Torts)4.财产法第五星期：土地和商品的区别，拥有权的概念(The concept of Possession)，在行为中的选择（Choses in action),土地所有权（Land ownership),按揭贷款（Mortagages),租约和执照（Leases & Licenses), 居民租赁法（Residential Tenancy Legislation)第六星期：复习，期中考试5.合同法（Contract Law)第七星期：介绍合同法，契约（Intention & Agreement)第八星期：合同团体数量（Capacity of the Parties)第九星期：真实许可（Genuine Consent)第十星期：合法对象和形式（Legality of Object & Form),合同的制定（Construction of the Contract)第十一星期：合同各方的权利（Rights of the parties & Discharge)，毁约（Remedies for Breach of Contract)6.消费者保护立法(Consumer Protection Legislation)第十二星期：交易行为准则（Trade Practices Act 1974 Cth)7.经销法(Law of Agency）第十三星期：经销原则（Principle & Agent)次章所写时间为第三周，重点为侵权行为－－－－在说某事简单的时候，请先将此事做完美。
澳大利亚商法Lecture 7 Review of Major Discussion points
5
Major discussion points
Discussed Contract Law including:
defining a contract; distinguish between a contract and an agreement; outlined the elements of a simple contract; distinguished different types of contract;
பைடு நூலகம்
Refresher question
The following is an example of residual power: a. Powers not specifically provided for in the Constitution b. Commonwealth only powers c. Powers shared between the Federal and State governments d. Military powers.
Refresher question
A bi-lateral contract is: a. a contract you can buy, ready made from a solicitor b. a contract that needs to be in writing c. a contract where both parties assume obligations d. a contract that involves the exchange of an act for a promise.
explained the need for legal intention in contract and described the effect of a lack of intention to an agreement; distinguished between commercial and non-commercial agreements
澳大利亚商法Lecture 10 (Wk 11) Ant-Discrimination Law
Both (in different ways) attempt to ensure that all individuals are judged according to their personal skills and merit.
2007PPP – Legal Issues for Managers
Module 4 – Legal Obligations of Managers Week 11 – Anti-Discrimination Law
1
Quick Questions
Which of the following questions are acceptable/ unacceptable for an employer to ask a job applicant?
Why/Why Not?
How old are you? Do you have children at home? Have you ever been convicted of a driving offence? Do you have a criminal conviction? Are there any languages you speak fluently? If so, what are they? Are you able to travel one week every month? Can you give me a small photo of yourself to accompany this application?
澳大利亚商法Lecture 2
•
Family Court
• No fault divorce
Federal Court
•Traditional Commonwealth matters •Appellate Jurisdiction: Some SC’s, single judge Federal Court decisions, State courts exercising federal jurisdiction 8
•
6
The High Court of Australia (HCA)
•
•
The High Court sits at the top of the Federal and State hierarchies.
Original jurisdiction: the High Court can hear the following disputes: – State Government and the Commonwealth Government – Two State governments – Residents of different states – Foreign affairs matters Appellate jurisdiction: the Court can hear appeals from State Supreme Courts and the Full Court of the Federal and Family Courts. Special leave, or special permission, must be granted to appeal a matter todiction:
– State brings an action against the accused – Court where the matter is to be heard depends on the serious of the offence but all
澳洲留学澳洲的法律和法律体系
澳洲留学澳洲的法律和法律体系澳洲是一个以法治为基础的国家，其法律和法律体系是其社会运行的重要保障。
作为一个留学生，了解澳洲的法律和法律体系对于顺利适应澳洲社会和保护自身权益至关重要。
本文将介绍澳洲的法律体系以及留学生在澳洲应该了解的一些重要法律知识。
一、澳洲的法律体系澳洲的法律体系采用英美法系，这意味着其基本法律框架是建立在英国普通法的基础上的。
澳洲联邦法律和各州和地区的法律共同构成了澳洲的法律体系。
1. 澳洲联邦法律澳洲联邦法律是指适用于整个国家的法律，包括联邦宪法和联邦法律。
澳洲联邦宪法是澳洲的最高法律，规定了联邦政府的权力范围和各州政府之间的权力划分。
联邦法律包括了刑法、商法、移民法等，对于留学生的权益保护有着重要的作用。
2. 各州和地区的法律澳洲的六个州和两个地区拥有法律立法权。
每个州和地区都设有立法机构，负责通过制定和修改法律。
这些地方法律涵盖了澳洲九个法律系统的方方面面，如民事纠纷、土地所有权等。
留学生在澳洲的具体权益问题会直接受到该州或地区的法律管辖。
二、留学生应了解的法律知识作为留学生，在澳洲的求学过程中可能会面临各种法律问题，因此了解一些基本的法律知识是必要的。
1. 签证法律留学生首先要关注的是签证法律。
根据澳洲移民局的规定，所有的留学生在入境澳洲之前必须持有有效的学生签证。
签证的种类和要求根据留学生的具体情况而有所不同，因此留学生要提前了解签证种类和申请要求，并遵守签证相关的规定。
2. 学校规定留学生在校期间需要遵守学校的规定和规章制度，包括学习纪律、课程要求、考试安排等。
违反学校规定可能会导致处罚，甚至影响学业。
因此，留学生要仔细阅读学校的规章制度，并严格遵守。
3. 劳工法律在澳洲打工是许多留学生的常见选择，然而，留学生在打工时也需要了解澳洲的劳工法律。
劳工法律规定了工作时间、工资标准、工作条件等方面的规定，保护雇员的权益。
留学生在找工作时，应该确保自己得到合理的工资和工作条件，并遵守相关法律规定。
澳大利亚商法Lecture 5- Contracts - Legaility-Remedies
Contract – Legality, Form, Rights & Remedies
1
Element 7- Legality
• Is the purpose of the contract legal? • Contracts can be Illegal or Void at both statute and common law
• There is a protectable proprietary interest, e.g. intellectual property rights, customer connections
Forster & Sons Ltd v Suggett (1918)
• They are of reasonable length in time and area
– Void unless wholly in writing – Unenforceable unless evidenced in writing
7
Privity, Assignment and the rights of the parties - (text p. 388-89)
• As a general rule, only the parties to the contract can acquire rights and incur liabilities under it
– Contracts to commit a crime, a tort or a fraud on a third party; – Contracts that are sexually immoral or which prejudice the status of marriage; – Contracts to the prejudice of public safety, or of good relations with other countries; – Contracts prejudicial to the administration of justice
澳大利亚商法Lecture 1 Week 1
• • •
Ph: 3735 7582 N50 Rm 2.17 Consultation times* for Mark/Ben and Head Tutor (David Low): 14.00 – 16.00 – or by pre-arranged appointment:13.00 – 14.00 & 20.00-21.00
8
Legal Issues for Managers
Key Objectives: • Heighten your awareness of your legal obligations in management • Help you engage lawyers to act on behalf of your organisation
* Consultation times will be extended during Study Week (Week 14)
2
Teaching Team
• Head Tutors
– Greg Taylor (GC): gregt53@ G27 - Room TBA • Consultation times* for Ben and Head Tutor (Greg Taylor): – 15.00 - 17.00 (Office TBA under Teaching Team on L@G) – or by pre-arranged appointment times: 13.00 -14.00 & 20.00 - 21.00 – David Low (Nathan): Email address TBA under Teaching Team on L@G • N50 Rm 2.21 • Consultation times* for Ben and Head Tutor (David Low): 14.00 – 16.00 – or by pre-arranged appointment: 13.00 – 14.00 & 20.00 – 21.00
澳大利亚商法Lecture 4 Contract Law
•
•
8
Capacity - Corporations
– We will cover corporations in more detail in the second half of the semester
•
Generally corporations have virtually the same legal capacity as natural persons under s.124 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)
12
•
• Statements that do form part of the contract: • Terms
– Create contractual obligations between the parties
• Term or Representation?
– This will depend on the intentions of the parties, determined by applying an objective test of a reasonable person
• To determine whether such a contract is valid the courts examine the contract as a whole:
• Check the beneficial terms outweigh the onerous terms:
McLaughlin v Darcy (1918)- text p.313
• Therefore the contract is voidable
•
•
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
概念：
商法是关于商事交易的法律，在此种交易中，双方当事人互为交易，而消费者法主要涉及的交易中，合同主体通常是普通的个体（即消费者）和以营业为主的提供货物和服务的个人或组织商法所建立的前提是商人间有同等的讨价还价的能力，而消费者法所建立的前提是消费者和商事组织在经济上的地位是不平等的；商法承认商人们可以通过商事惯例约束和规范其自身的活动，而惯例在消费者法中只起能起到外围作用。
相关课程：
国际商事仲裁法，国际贸易法，比较金融监管，竞争法，信息技术法，知识产权法，保险法，银行金融法，劳工法，环境法，欧盟法、国际商务仲裁法、新兴市场法律问题等等。
就业方向：
司法机关，律师事务所，企业和银行，高校等，还可以在国际贸易、外事、文化、新闻出版和科研部门、商界、法律界相关部门从事涉外经贸、翻译、教学及管理等工作。