2 第二节 课后达标检测
人教版高中化学必修2课后练习检测-元素周期表和元素周期律的应用
课后达标检测[P85(单独成册)][基础巩固]1．根据元素所在元素周期表的位置，判断下列元素都能做为半导体材料的是()A．Si、K B．C、SiC．Si、Ge D．As、Se解析：选C。
在元素周期表中，在金属与非金属的分界线附近可以找到半导体材料，如Si、Ge为典型的半导体材料。
2．下列有关性质的比较，不能用元素周期律解释的是()A．酸性：H2SO4>H3PO4B．非金属性：Cl>BrC．碱性：NaOH>Mg(OH)2D．热稳定性：Na2CO3>NaHCO3解析：选D。
A.S、P位于同一周期，且S位于P的右侧。
同周期元素从左向右非金属性逐渐增强，故非金属性S>P，所以H2SO4的酸性大于H3PO4。
B.Cl、Br位于同一主族，Cl位于Br的上方，同主族元素由上到下非金属性逐渐减弱，故非金属性Cl>Br。
C.Na、Mg是同周期元素，Na位于Mg的左侧，故Na的金属性比Mg的强，则NaOH的碱性比Mg(OH)2的强。
D.NaHCO3的热稳定性差，是由于HCO－3受热易分解。
3．英国研究人员认为，全球将有1.4亿人因为用水受到砷中毒之害，导致更多的人患癌症。
下列对砷(As)的有关判断正确的是()A．砷的原子序数为33，它与铝为同主族B．砷的原子半径小于磷的原子半径C．砷化氢的稳定性比溴化氢的强D．砷酸的酸性比硫酸的弱解析：选D。
砷的原子序数为33，位于ⅤA族，A错；砷、磷同主族，砷的原子半径大于磷的原子半径，B错；砷、溴同周期，砷的非金属性比溴弱，因此砷化氢的稳定性比溴化氢的弱，C错；由于非金属性S＞P＞As，因此砷酸的酸性比硫酸的弱，D对。
4．(2019·威海高一测试)下列关于元素周期表和元素周期律的说法错误的是()A．Li、Na、K元素的原子核外电子层数随着核电荷数的增加而增多B．第二周期元素从Li到F，非金属性逐渐增强C．因为Na比K容易失去电子，所以Na比K的还原性强D．O与S为同主族元素，且O比S的非金属性强解析：选C。
人教版八年级英语下册Unit2 达标检测卷含答案
人教版八年级英语下册Unit2达标检测卷第一部分听力（共四大题，满分20分）Ⅰ.短对话理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）（）1.How will they go to the old people’s home？A B C（）2.What does Kate do to help the children？A B C（）3.How soon will the City Park Clean-up Day be？A.In seven days.B.In ten days.C.In fourteen days. （）4.How does the girl feel to be a volunteer？A.Happy.B.Tired.C.Relaxed.（）5.What did the boy volunteer to do last summer vacation？A.He watered the plants.B.He cared for animals.C.He played with animals.Ⅱ.长对话理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。
（）6.When did Julia and Lucy take part in a voluntary activity？st week.st month.st year.（）7.How did Julia and Lucy feel after the activity？A.Excited and happy.B.Tired and bored.C.Tired but happy.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。
（）8.When will the concert start？A.This Friday.B.This Saturday.C.This Sunday.（）9.Why will singers come to the concert？A.To make money.B.To help old people.C.To help homeless people.（）10．How much is the ticket？A.50 yuan.B.60 yuan.C.70 yuan.Ⅲ.短文理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）（）11.How did Tom get to the old people’s home？A.By bus.B.By bike.C.By subway. （）12.What time did Tom get to the old people’s home？A.At 8：00 a.m.B.At 9：00 a.m.C.At 10：00 a.m. （）13.How long did Tom stay there？A.For six hours.B.For seven hours.C.For eight hours. （）14.What didn’t Tom do when he was in the old people’s home？A.Chat with the old people.B.Help the old people do housework.C.Cook delicious food for the old people.（）15.What did Tom do at 5：00 p. m. ？A.He did his homework.B.He left the old people’s home.C.He wrote a diary about his experience.Ⅳ.信息转换（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）Ⅴ.单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）（）21.—What about going to the beaches for vacation？—Great！we’re lying on the beach in the sun，enjoyingmusic. It must be fun！A.DescribeB.PromiseC.WonderD.Imagine（）22.—No one could answer the teacher’s question but Linda.—Yes，she is really ！A.carelessB.cleverC.outgoingD.beautiful（）23.The Internet makes possible for us to work or study at home.A.thatB.thisC.itD.them（）24.—Nowadays it’s not easy for parents to a child.—I can’t agr ee more. We need to care about both his health and study.A.helpB.raiseC.teachD.believe（）25.—The article is really difficult.—Yes，it is. I can’t its meaning at all.A.acceptB.forgetC.understandD.believe （）26.All the members decided to the money from the book sale to homeless people.A.give upB.give awayC.give outD.give in（）27.—Hi，Li Mei. How is your new school？—Fantastic. We can choose the courses according to our. I loveoperas，so I took the Beijing Opera class.A.gradesB.talentsC.interestsD.experiences （）28.—Henry is in hospital and he looks bored.—Sorry to hear that. Let’s go to the hospital and this afternoon.A.cheer him upB.call him upC.wake him upD.pick him up（）29.—It’s so noisy outside that I can’t work at all.—Yes，we have to new ways to solve this problem.e up withB.put up withC.catch up withD.get on with（）30.—We should do something to help others in our free time.—. We can start with small things such as cleaning up the parks.A.I’m not sureB.You’re rightC.I don’t agreeD.Yes，you canⅥ.完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）AJoe’s parents were both book lovers. Several years ago，the couple and other people in their community raised money to build a 31. And the books in the library were given away by people in the community. They had been 32of driving twenty miles to the nearest public library.Mrs. Hong，a retired librarian，was the director of the library. Volunteers often helped Mrs. Hong keep the book-shelves（书架）clean and 33. Sometimes after school，Joe also 34at the library. He loved reading books and enjoyed being with them.One day，Mrs. Hong talked to Joe about her 35of building a children’s reading room. But it would 36much more money than the library could afford.Later Joe talked to several friends about 37to raise money. Finally they developed a plan to do some fundraising（筹款）activities which kids could take part in，such as 38the street and doing housework. Joe and his friends tried to invite more kids to join them.To everyone’s surprise，less than a year after Joe’s conversation with Mrs. Hong，the kids had raised enough money to 39the reading room. During the opening ceremony of it，Mrs. Hong said，“This reading roo m is for the 40in our community. And under the leadership of Joe，their hard work has made a dream come true. What great kids they are！”（）31.A.bridge B.house C.library boratory（）32.A.careful B.tired C.proud D.afraid（）33.A.lovely B.ugly C.tidy D.popular（）34.A.danced B.played C.checked D.volunteered（）35.A.dream B.ability C.skill D.hobby（）36.A.pay B.cost C.spend D.give（）37.A.marks B.games C.ways D.tools（）38.A.giving up B.cleaning up C.picking up D.putting up（）39.A.buy B.draw C.build D.visit（）40.A.poor B.women C.kids D.oldB[2023苏州]When I was eleven years old，my life changed forever when I got a serious disease. My life was 41with operations and treatments. I felt stressed because I was really uncertain 42everything that was happening.One day，I was receiving my thirteenth operation in the hospital. Being away from my friends and school was causing me almost as much 43as the operation itself.During that hospital stay，I received a card from a volunteer. That simple 44 meant much to me and gave me hope again during my time of need. I’ll never 45the way I felt after that small act of kindness. I started creating an organization called Cards for Hospitalized（住院的）Kids.The charity began with a simple dream of giving 46，joy and magic to those kids. It later 47 a national organization that sent cards to over 5，000 sick kids at more than 50 hospitals across the country.It is hard to believe that an act as simple as a card can do so much good，48it does. Seeing a picture of a child 49one of our cards with a huge smile makes us keep this wonderful charity alive.50might provide medicine for these sick kids，but we provide that little bit of hope and magic that’ll go a long way.（）41.A.lighted B.matched C.filled D.painted（）42.A.about B.with C.over D.towards（）43.A.fun B.pain C.value D.danger（）44.A.act B.job C.game D.lesson（）45.A.mind B.lead C.forget D.risk（）46.A.hope B.fear C.shock D.pressure（）47.A.looked up B.gave up C.broke into D.turned into（）48.A.nor B.but C.for D.or（）49.A.selling B.printing C.holding D.cleaning（）50.A.Teachers B.Friends C.Patients D.DoctorsⅦ.补全对话，其中有两项多余（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）A：Hi，Sandy. Do you have any plans this Sunday？B：Yes，I’m going to raise money for disabled kids.51.A：Sure，I’d like to. But how are we going to raise money？B：I’m going to have a book sale in my community （社区）.52.In fact，we can also sell other old things such as pencil boxes and CDs there.A：Sounds like a good plan. 53.B：Yes. To make more people know our plan，I think we should make a poster （海报）and put it up.A：54.Why don’t we ask Jim for help？He is good at drawing and he can help us make a poster.B：Good idea！I will call him right now.A：55.B：I think so，too. He is always ready to help others.Ⅷ.阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
2021版高考英语(人教版)一轮复习课后达标检测：必修2 2 Unit 2 The Olympic Games Word版含答案
(建议用时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·贵州适应性测试)Almost all calligraphy(书法) lovers agreethat writing characters with a brush and ink on straw paper offers a way tocommunicate with not only history and culture, but also oneself. But nowChinese character handwriting is under threat from computers and mobile phones.A college graduate looking for a job was reportedly turned down by a company because he wrote 24 characters incorrectly in a 400character handwritten resume. A survey by HorizonKey, covering people from 12 major cities in China, found that nearly one third of those interviewed often experience “character amnesia(遗忘)”，with 94 percent saying this is a problem for them.The main reason is that most Chinese rely too much on the pinyin-based Chinese language input method, which is replacing the tradition of writing characters stroke(笔画) by stroke. The software will conveniently choose the right characters according to the context or word frequency, as there are dozens of characters with the same pronunciation in Chinese.Education is another problem. In college, most homework and papers are printed out, instead of handwritten. And few teachers use chalk and blackboards, with Microsoft’s PowerPoint the most-often used software to teach knowledge to students.The number of electronic devices in the classroom is thought to be another reason why students are easily satisfied with just a poor knowledge of the Chinese language and characters. It is quicker to look up a character in an electronic dictionary, but traditional printed dictionaries offer more detailed information on the usage and meaning of the characters. Students pay more attention to remembering a character’s pronunciation, but not the other knowledge related to it, which edictionaries rarely provide.Another worry is the “pollution”of Chinese characters by Internet language. Young peopleregard using Internet language as cool and fashionable. After they learn to use these expressions, they automatically include them in their writing.【解题导语】随着电脑上的汉语输入法、办公软件以及电子产品的影响，人们手写汉字的能力在减弱。
人教版七年级英语下册UNIT 2 达标检测卷含答案
人教版七年级英语下册UNIT 2 达标检测卷第一部分听力(四大题，20分)一、短对话理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)()1. Where is Sally now?()2. What does Gina's father always do in the morning?()3. When does Kate go to bed?A. At 9: 00 pm.B. At 9: 30 pm.C. At 10: 00 pm.()4. What does Alice sometimes do on weekends?A. Does sports.B. Watches TV.C. Cleans the room.()5. What does Cindy have for breakfast?A. Rice and tomatoes.B. Rice and carrots.C. Bread and tomatoes.二、长对话理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面一段对话，回答第6、7小题。
()6. What time does Alex usually go to bed?A. At 8: 30.B. At 9: 30.C. At 10: 00.()7. What does Alex do before (在……之前) going to bed?A. He brushes his teeth.B. He watches TV.C. He takes a shower.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10小题。
()8. What does Jack usually do at half past six in the morning?A. He eats breakfast.B. He takes a shower.C. He runs.()9. Where does Jack have breakfast?A. At school.B. At home.C. We don't know.()10. What does Jack like for breakfast?A. One hamburger and two eggs.B. Some apples and eggs.C. One hamburger and some apples.三、短文理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)()11. How old is Jane?A. 11 years old.B. 12 years old.C. 13 years old.()12. When does Jane have breakfast?A. At 7: 00 am.B. At 7: 15 am.C. At 7: 30 am.()13. What is Jane's favorite subject?A. Math.B. Science.C. History.()14. What does Jane usually do after class?A. Plays volleyball.B. Watches TV.C. Talks with her classmates.()15. What does Jane think of her school life?A. Busy.B. Great.C. Funny.四、信息转换(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)第二部分语言知识运用(三大题，35分) 五、单项填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)()21. —Excuse me. What's your____？—I'm a musician.A. artB. dayC. jobD. name()22. —What do you always do in the evening?—I always do ____ homework at home.A. myB. IC. mineD. me()23. —Dad says I need to ____ every day to be healthy.—He's right. Doing sports is good for you.A. showerB. brushC. workD. exercise()24. This story is really ____，so all of us like it very much.A. boringB. funnyC. difficultD. healthy()25. David can't swim. Tony can't swim, ____.A. neverB. tooC. eitherD. also()26. —What's the number of students in your class?—____. Eighteen girls and twenty-two boys.A. ThirtyB. Forty.C. Fifty.D. Sixty.()27. We have lunch at a quarter to twelve. The right time is ______.()28. Alan, here are your clothes. ____ and then go to the party with me.A. Come onB. Watch TVC. Make friendsD. Get dressed()29. —Do you usually go to bed late?—No, but ____ Friday evening, I go to bed____11: 30 pm.A. at; atB. in; inC. on; atD. in; at()30. —____？—At 5: 00 pm.A. What does he likeB. Where does he goC. What does he doD. When does he go home六、完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)AJim is a middle school student. He likes to __31__ TV inthe evening. He often__32__ after eleven o'clock. So Jim oftengets up late in the morning. He doesn't__33__ to be late forschool, so he often doesn't brush his__34__ or wash his face.Jim thinks it's fine, __35__ his classmates don't think so. They don't like to__36__ to him or play with him. Jim doesn't know __37__ . He asks his mom, “Mom, why don't my__38__ like me？”Mom doesn't __39__ Jim the reason, but she asks him a question, “What don't you do in the morning？”Jim thinks about the __40__ for some time. Can he find his bad habit and then change it?()31. A. find B. lookC. watchD. meet()32. A. goes to school B. goes to workC. goes homeD. goes to bed()33. A. want B. needC. takeD. call()34. A. shoes B. teethC. headD. trousers()35. A. and B. soC. orD. but()36. A. have B. teachC. talkD. write()37. A. why B. howC. whenD. where()38. A. sisters B. brothersC. teachersD. classmates()39. A. love B. tellC. drawD. come()40. A. subject B. partyC. questionD. numberBI am a junior school student from Shanghai. My name is Wang Qiang. And you can__41__ me Wilson. I'm very busy every day. I __42__ early in the morning. I often have a __43__ breakfast because I think it's a very important meal. I never eat breakfast quickly. Then I go to school by __44__ . There are many people on it, so it's always crowded(拥挤的). I have seven classes, four in the morning and three in the afternoon. I have a lot of homework every day, like other students here. I always work on my school subjects, but I still have__45__ time to do my favorite activities.I enjoy __46__ a lot. I can sing many songs. And I usually play the piano for an hour at school every day. I'm also interested in __47__ . I usually play basketball with my father on the weekend and __48__ I go swimming with him.Would you like to make friends with me on the Internet? If your answer is “yes”，please __49__ to me in English or Chinese. I'm __50__ waiting for your letter. I hope we will be good friends.()41. A. ask B. callC. giveD. phone()42. A. get up B. do sportsC. go homeD. go to bed()43. A. quick B. badC. fatD. good()44. A. taxi B. carC. bikeD. bus()45. A. free B. smallC. manyD. big()46. A. movies B. sportsC. musicD. book()47. A. study B. sportsC. musicD. food()48. A. never B. alsoC. reallyD. sometimes()49. A. ask B. passC. writeD. go()50. A. sadly B. happilyC. earlyD. slowly七、补全对话(有两项多余)(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)A: Hi, Jane. Do you have a healthy life?B: Yes, I think so.A: That's great. 51. ______B: Yes. I often get up at 5: 00 in the morning.A: 52. ________B: First, I go out to run for half an hour. And then I have breakfast.A: 53. ________B: Noodles, eggs and some fruit.A: I also have noodles and eggs for breakfast, but I don't like vegetables or fruit. B: 54. ________ We need to eat some every day.A: Oh, I know. 55. ________B: Yes, I do. It also helps to be healthy.第三部分阅读(共两节，40分)八、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)第一节:AThis is Sandra's schedule(日程安排)(续表)Saturday7: 50 a. m. Dumplings Cakes ComputergamesHomework()56. What does Sandra eat for lunch on Thursday?A. Tofu and fish.B. Noodles.C. Rice and chicken.D. Hamburgers.()57. What may be Sandra's favorite activity?()58. Which is NOT true(正确的)?A. From Monday to Thursday, Sandra gets up at 7 o'clock in the morning.B. Sandra likes eating dumplings on Tuesday morning.C. Sandra does her homework on Friday evenings.D. Sandra plays sports.BI'm Tony. I am from Canada. I study at Hangzhou International School now. I usually get up at 6: 30 in the morning and then I take a shower. I go to school at 7: 30. We have the first class at 8: 10 in the morning. At 12: 00 I eat lunch at school. Hamburgers are my favorite food. We finish school at 4: 30 in the afternoon. After school, I either go to the library or play tennis with my friends. I never watch TV on school days. I go to bed at 9: 00 in the evening.Jim is my father. He gets up early every day, at about 5: 30. And then he runs for an hour. After a quick breakfast, he goes to work. He works on the computer at home. He usually works until about 12: 00. He always has a big lunch. After lunch, he goes on working until about 6: 00 p. m. In the evening, he always takes a walk with me after dinner.()59. What does Tony do on school days?①run②watch TV③take a walk④play tennis⑤take a showerA. ①②③B. ②③④C. ③④⑤D. ①④⑤()60. Where does Tony eat lunch?A. At home.B. At school.C. At his friend's home.D. At his grandma's home.()61. What time is it after Jim finishes running?A. At about 5: 30.B. At about 6: 00.C. At about 6: 30.D. At about 7: 00.()62. What does the underlined word “until” mean in Chinese?A. 在……后B. 在……时C. 在……前D. 直到……时CIt's half past seven. Mom asks Tom to get up. She says，“We're going to the zoo this morning. Let's go at eight. I have to work in the afternoon. ”“Just a minute(等一下), Mom，” Tom says. Then he plays with his model planes on the bed. When he gets up, it's eight twenty.Mom s ays, “Now go to take a shower quickly and then have your breakfast. ”“Just a minute, Mom，” Tom says. Then he goes to say hi to his dog Mike and play with him. After Tom finishes breakfast, it's twenty to ten.“Can we go now, Tom？” Mom asks.“Just a minu te, Mom，” Tom says. “The story on the radio is so fun. Let me finish it. ”It's 10: 10. “I can go now，Mom，” Tom says. “Oh，just a minute. Let me put on my favorite clothes…”Everything is OK. And it's 11: 00. “Let's go，Mom. ”“Just a minute, Tom，” Mom says.“It's too late. I need to make lunch. I have to go to work at 1: 00 p. m. I'm sorry…”()63. What does Tom do first after he gets up?A. He plays with his model planes.B. He says hi to his dog Mike.C. He takes a shower.D. He has breakfast.()64. How long does it take Tom to finish the story on the radio?A. A quarter.B. Half an hour.C. Three quarters.D. An hour.()65. What does the story want to tell us?A. We should(应该) be good to our dogs.B. We should get up early on the weekend.C. We should finish our breakfast quickly.D. We should always cherish(珍惜) time.DJames is a poor boy in our community. He has no father, and his mother is poor in health. He studies hard and is good at all his lessons. At weekends, he has to work to make money.On Saturday and Sunday mornings, he rides his bike to the post office to get newspapers, and then gives them out from house to house before breakfast. So he usually gets up early at 5: 00 a. m. He goes to the street corner after breakfast and shines shoes(擦鞋) for people there. James has no time to go back home for lunch. Very often he has some dry bread with cold water. He keeps working for ten hours a day like that.The following picture shows the money he earns(挣) each week.Because the family have to pay sixteen dollars for food each week, their life is really hard. But they are full of hope that everything will be fine one day.()66. James lives with his____.A. grandparentsB. parentsC. motherD. father()67. James works ____ to make money.A. after schoolB. on weekendsC. every morningD. on Mondays()68. James usually has lunch ____ on his working days.A. at homeB. at his workplaceC. in a restaurantD. at school()69. In the ____ week, James makes less money than he does in the fourth week.A. ninthB. secondC. thirdD. fifthEMy father is a manager (经理). He is very busy. He works from Monday to Saturday. In the morning, he usually goes to work at half past eight and he doesn't eat dinner at home. He comes home late at ten or eleven every night. He can make lots of money (钱). But he is not happy about it because he doesn't have a healthy life.DaleMy mother is a teacher. She gets up early at twenty to six onweekdays(工作日). Then she cooks breakfast for me. Shegoes to work at six thirty. She works for four hours in themorning. She eats lunch at school. In the afternoon, shebegins(开始) to work at ten past one and finishes her workat five thirty. She's kind to her students and often helps themto study English. Her students all like her. My motherdoesn't make much money，but she is great.Susan ()70. What time does Dale's father usually go to work?()71. How long does Susan's mom work every weekday?A. For four hours.B. For six hours.C. For eight hours and twenty minutes.D. For four hours and twenty minutes.()72. What can we learn from the passage?A. Dale likes his father's job.B. Dale's father doesn't like his job.C. Susan's mother works on weekends.D. Susan's mother is a Chinese teacher.第二节:阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题(请注意每小题的词数要求)。
人教精通版五年级英语上册Unit 2达标检测卷含答案
人教精通版五年级英语上册Unit 2达标检测卷时间：40分钟满分：100分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一十二总分得分听力部分(30分)一、听录音，用数字给图片排序。
(5分)二、听录音，选择你听到的句子。
(5分)() 1. A. Lisa looks cute. B. Lisa looks quiet.C. Lisa looks clever.() 2. A. Linda has a big mouth. B. Linda has two big eyes.C. Linda has black hair.() 3. A. Who's that woman? B. Who's that girl?C. Who's that policeman?() 4. A. How old is he? B. How old are you?C. How old is she?() 5. A. What's your name? B. What's her name?C. What's his name?三、听录音，选择合适的答语。
(10分)() 1. A. I'm ten. B. He's eleven.() 2. A. She's my aunt. B. He's my father.() 3. A. His name is Tim. B. Her name is Cathy.() 4. A. She's my sister. B. She's six.() 5. A. Yes, it is. B. No, he's active.四、听录音，判断正(T)误(F)。
(10分)() 1. Tim is at the music club.() 2. Tim is a Chinese student and he's eleven.() 3. He's short but clever.() 4. He has short hair and small eyes.() 5. He likes reading books.笔试部分(70分)五、选出每组不同类别的单词。
高中数学必修《优化方案》课后达标检测 (2)
高中数学必修《优化方案》课后达标检测
1. 用秒表计时，从A地出发到B地需要10分钟，试问这段路程的速度是多少？
2. 某家电公司制造电视机的成本为每台2000元，每售出一台可以获得利润150元。
该公司想要制造和售出多少台电视机，才能获得最大利润？
3. 设一长方形花坛的长为x米，宽为y米，现需要围上一道围墙，围墙的成本为每米20元。
试问，这个花坛的长和宽各是多少，才能使得围墙的成本最小？
4. 一边是长方形，围起来的平面图形是正方形，这个长方形的周长为20米，试问这个长方形的长和宽各是多少，才能使得围起来的正方形的面积最大？
5. 设一边是长方形，另一边是正方形，这个长方形的周长为18米，试问这个长方形和正方形的面积各是多少，才能使得总面积最大？
6. 一片土地可以围成长度为l的三角形和两个面积相等的矩形农田，设两个矩形的边长分别为x和y米，试问，这片土地的最大农田面积是多少？
7. 设一面是正方形，另一面是圆形，这个正方形的周长为
10米，试问这个正方形和圆形的面积各是多少，才能使得
总面积最大？
8. 外接圆半径为4的正方形，一边上分成m等分，试问，
这个正方形的面积和圆形的面积之比能取得最大值的时候，m等于多少？
9. 设一边是正方形，另一边是长方形，这个长方形的长为x 米，宽为y米，长方形的周长为2x+4y米，试问，这个正
方形和长方形的面积各是多少，才能使得总面积最大？
10. 现给出一个圆，扇形的面积占比是20%，圆的半径为r，求这个扇形的面积。
人教精通版四年级英语下册-Unit 2达标检测卷附答案
人教精通版四年级英语下册Unit 2达标检测卷时间：40分钟满分：100分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一总分得分听力部分(40分)一、听录音，选择你所听到的单词。
(10分)()1. A. forty B. fifty C. fourteen()2. A. seventy B. twenty-seven C. eleven()3. A. school B. student C. small()4. A. boy B. bag C. bed()5. A. that B. this C. there二、听录音，按听到的顺序为下列图片排序。
(10分)()()()()()() () () () ()三、听录音，选择你所听到的句子。
(10分)()1. A. They are twenty girls. B. There are twenty girls.()2. A. Welcome to our class. B. Welcome to my home.()3. A. How about you? B. How about your school？()4. A. Let's count from 1 to 19. B. Let's count from 1 to 29.()5. A. How many pencils do you have? B. How many pens do you have？四、听录音，根据所给情景，选择合适的表达。
(10分)1. 新老师到你们班来，你应该说：2. 新老师问全班有多少学生，他应该说：3. 体育老师让同学们报数，他应该说：4. 你告诉老师全校有60个老师，你应该说：5. 你告诉老师班里仅有12个男生，你应该说：笔试部分(60分)五、选出不同类的单词。
(5分)()1. A. eleven B. twelve C. number ()2. A. boy B. student C. girl ()3. A. bag B. book C. bedroom ()4. A. have B. class C. school ()5. A. eighty B. ninety C. pens六、根据图片提示，补全句子。
高中地理第二章区域生态环境建设第二节森林的开发和保护_以亚马孙热带雨林为例达标检测含解析3
第二节森林的开发和保护—以亚马孙热带雨林为例巴西拥有世界上最大的热带雨林，结合图完成1~3题。
1．从左图上看，巴西雨林的环境效益有()①净化空气②涵养水源③降低风速④吸烟除尘A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②③④2．雨林被誉为“世界生物基因宝库",下列说法正确的是（)A．雨林受人类破坏最少,因此保存完好B．亚马孙雨林的物种资源占全球陆地物种的一半以上C．亚马孙雨林的减少对物种基因影响不大D．雨林生态的脆弱性是导致物种减少的直接原因3．雨林生态系统的脆弱性主要表现在（）A．生物残体分解快B．植物生长速度快C．养分几乎全部储存在地上的植物体内D．群落以高大的乔木为主解析：第1题，读图可知，植物吸收CO2，放出O2、H2O，说明其具有净化空气的作用；风、径流经过雨林后有减小的趋势,说明其具有涵养水源、降低风速的作用。
第2题,雨林是全球最古老的植物群落，生物繁多,受人类破坏少,保护时间长,被誉为“世界生物基因宝库”.第3题，热带雨林是地球上功能最强大的生态系统,也是生产力最高的生物群落，在强大的生命活动推动下，雨林生长所需的养分几乎全部储存在地上的植物体内,雨林中土壤一般较贫瘠。
答案：1。
A 2.A3。
C热带云雾林是指在潮湿的热带地区经常被云雾掩盖的森林,其形成需要两个必不可少的条件:一是持续充沛的水汽,二是足够低的凝结温度。
与其他地区的热带雨林相比，热带云雾林植株矮小、树干弯曲。
这种森林虽然只占全球热带雨林面积的2.5%，却是世界上多数生物的避难所。
下图为热带云雾林景观图。
据此,完成4～5题.4．热带云雾林树干弯曲的形态是为了()A．适应较低的气温B．抵御强劲的风力C．获取更多水分D．获得更多光照解析：结合材料可知热带云雾林光照条件不足，树木为了获得更多的光照只得蜿蜒生长，由此形成了弯曲的树干，D项正确.答案:D5．热带云雾林成为世界上多数生物避难所的最主要原因是(）A．人类活动影响小B．栖息地空间大C．云雾的隐蔽性好D．食物来源充足解析：由于热带云雾林主要分布在热带海拔较高的山区，路途崎岖,湿度大,温度低，不适合人类长期停留活动，受人类活动影响小，因此成为生物的避难所,A项正确;栖息地空间大、云雾隐蔽性好、食物来源充足均不是最主要原因.答案:A西藏拉鲁湿地位于拉萨市西北角，介于城市和草地的过渡地区，是国内最大的城市湿地，具有显著的生态效益。
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课后达标检测一、选择题1．下列关于糖类的说法正确的是( )A ．糖类物质的组成都符合C m (H 2O)nB ．单糖就是分子组成简单的糖C ．含有醛基的糖是还原型糖D ．淀粉、纤维素都是多糖，其分子式相同解析：选C 。
A 项不正确，因为脱氧核糖的分子式为C 5H 10O 4，不符合C m (H 2O)n ；B 项不正确，糖的分类是按照能否水解以及水解生成单糖的数目分为单糖、低聚糖和多糖；C 项正确，还原型糖和非还原型糖的区别就在于分子结构中是否含有醛基；D 项不正确，淀粉、纤维素都是多糖，都可用通式(C 6H 10O 5)n 表示，但n 值不同，分子式不同。
2．下列说法中错误的是( )A ．碘化钾溶液不能使淀粉显蓝色B ．纤维素的水解难于淀粉的水解C ．用淀粉制乙醇仅发生了水解反应D ．多糖一般没有还原性，也没有甜味解析：选C 。
碘化钾溶液不能使淀粉显蓝色，只有碘单质才能使淀粉显蓝色；用淀粉制乙醇的过程为淀粉――→催化剂①葡萄糖――→酒化酶②乙醇，其中反应①是水解反应，反应②不是水解反应。
3．青苹果汁遇碘溶液显蓝色，熟苹果汁能还原银氨溶液，这说明( )A ．青苹果中只含淀粉不含糖类B ．熟苹果中只含糖类不含淀粉C ．苹果转熟时淀粉水解为单糖D ．苹果转熟时单糖聚合成淀粉解析：选C 。
青苹果汁中含淀粉较多，熟苹果汁中含葡萄糖较多。
4．下列反应中能用于检验尿液中是否含有葡萄糖的是( )A ．加金属钠看是否有氢气放出B ．与新制的氢氧化铜悬浊液混合后共热，观察是否有红色沉淀生成C ．与醋酸和浓硫酸共热，观察是否有果香味物质生成D ．加入高锰酸钾酸性溶液，看溶液是否褪色解析：选B 。
检验葡萄糖可利用其分子结构中含有醛基，将其与新制的Cu(OH)2悬浊液混合后共热，看是否有红色沉淀生成来判定，也可借助银镜反应来检验葡萄糖。
5．下列有关麦芽糖的叙述中，错误的是()A．纯净的麦芽糖是白色晶体，易溶于水，有甜味B．麦芽糖能发生银镜反应，是一种还原型糖C．1 mol麦芽糖水解得到1 mol葡萄糖和1 mol果糖D．麦芽糖和蔗糖互为同分异构体解析：选C。
1 mol麦芽糖水解生成2 mol葡萄糖；麦芽糖分子中含有醛基，能发生银镜反应，是一种还原型糖；麦芽糖与蔗糖分子式相同，结构不同，两者互为同分异构体。
6．在将淀粉水解并用新制的Cu(OH)2悬浊液检验水解产物的实验中，要进行的主要操作有①加热；②滴入稀硫酸；③加入新制的Cu(OH)2悬浊液；④加入NaOH溶液中和。
以上各步操作的先后顺序排列正确的是()A．①②③④①B．②①④③①C．②①④③D．④③①②①解析：选B。
滴入稀硫酸用来催化淀粉水解，加入NaOH溶液是为了中和用作催化剂的稀硫酸。
7．糖原[(C6H10O5)n]是一种相对分子质量比淀粉更大的多糖，主要存在于肝脏和肌肉中，所以又叫动物淀粉和肝糖。
下列关于糖原的叙述正确的是()A．糖原与淀粉、纤维素互为同分异构体B．糖原与淀粉、纤维素属于同系物C．糖原水解的最终产物是葡萄糖D．糖原具有还原性，能发生银镜反应解析：选C。
由(C6H10O5)n可知，糖原是由若干个单糖结构单元组成的多糖，在这一点上与淀粉、纤维素相同，在水解的最终产物、还原性上也与淀粉、纤维素相同。
但是，糖原、淀粉、纤维素的相对分子质量不同，分子组成之差是C6H10O5的整数倍而不是CH2的整数倍，因此不互为同系物，也不互为同分异构体。
8．下列说法中错误的是()A．通常蔗糖和淀粉都不显还原性B．用大米酿的酒在一定条件下密封保存，时间越长越香醇C．纤维素、蔗糖、葡萄糖和脂肪在一定条件下都可发生水解反应D．纤维素分子是由葡萄糖单元组成的，可以表现出多元醇的性质解析：选C。
纤维素、蔗糖和脂肪在一定条件下均能发生水解反应，但葡萄糖不能，故C错。
9．下列实验操作和结论错误的是()A．用新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液可鉴别麦芽糖和蔗糖B．用银镜反应可证明蔗糖是否转化为葡萄糖，但不能证明是否完全转化C．浓H2SO4可使蔗糖脱水变黑，证明蔗糖含C、H、O三种元素D．蔗糖溶液中滴加几滴稀H2SO4，水浴加热几分钟，加入银氨溶液中，不能发生银镜反应，证明蔗糖不水解解析：选D。
做银镜反应之前要用碱中和水解液中的稀硫酸。
10．下列物质中既能发生水解反应，也能发生银镜反应，其水解产物还能发生银镜反应的是()①乙醛②葡萄糖③甲酸甲酯④蔗糖⑤麦芽糖⑥纤维素⑦淀粉A．①②⑤B．③④⑥C．③⑤D．④⑤解析：选C。
能发生水解反应的物质有③④⑤⑥⑦，能发生银镜反应的物质有①②③⑤，水解产物能发生银镜反应的物质有③④⑤⑥⑦，故C正确。
11．有机物X能实现下列转化，下列判断一定错误的是()有机物X―→CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO―→有机物Y―→CH3CHOA．有机物X可以是淀粉或纤维素B．有机物Y在浓硫酸、加热条件下一定发生消去反应C．有机物Y―→乙醛的反应属于氧化反应D．有机物X分子中可能含有醛基解析：选B。
由题意可知，有机物X可以是二糖或多糖，水解生成葡萄糖后，再分解为乙醇，乙醇被氧化为乙醛。
乙醇在浓硫酸存在的条件下加热至不同温度，可发生分子内脱水生成乙烯的反应，也可发生分子间脱水生成乙醚的反应，故B错误。
12．木糖醇是一种理想的蔗糖代替品，它具有甜味足、溶解性好、防龋齿、适合糖尿病患者的优点。
木糖醇是一种白色粉末状的结晶，分子式为C5H12O5，结构简式为CH2OH(CHOH)3CH2OH，下列有关木糖醇的叙述中不正确的是()A．木糖醇与葡萄糖、果糖不一样，它不属于单糖B．木糖醇不能跟新制的氢氧化铜悬浊液反应生成红色沉淀C．木糖醇与乙醇属于同系物D．木糖醇是一种五元醇，可以与羧酸在一定条件下发生酯化反应解析：选C。
单糖是多羟基醛或酮，而木糖醇为五元醇，不含醛基，乙醇为一元醇，故A 、B 、D 正确，C 不正确。
二、非选择题13．下列物质间有如下转化关系，请按要求填空。
(1)在制镜工业和热水瓶胆镀银时，常利用上述反应________(填序号)。
(2)反应①②的反应类型为________(填字母)。
A ．氧化反应B ．加成反应C ．水解反应D ．消去反应(3)反应⑦可用于检验糖尿病病人尿液中的含糖量，该反应的化学方程式为________________________________________________________________________。
(4)葡萄糖在细胞内彻底氧化分解的化学方程式为____________________________。
解析：(1)制镜工业和热水瓶胆镀银都利用了葡萄糖中含有醛基，与银氨溶液反应还原出单质银，所以应为反应⑥；(2)反应①②为淀粉的水解；第(3)问和第(4)问是葡萄糖的两个应用，即CH 2OH(CHOH)4CHO ＋2Cu(OH)2＋NaOH ――→△CH 2OH(CHOH)4COONa ＋Cu 2O ↓＋3H 2O 、C 6H 12O 6＋6O 2―→6CO 2＋6H 2O 。
答案：(1)⑥ (2)C(3)CH 2OH(CHOH)4CHO ＋2Cu(OH)2＋NaOH ――→△CH 2OH(CHOH)4COONa ＋Cu 2O ↓＋3H 2O(4)C 6H 12O 6＋6O 2―→6CO 2＋6H 2O14．某制糖厂以甘蔗为原料制糖，同时得到大量的甘蔗渣，对甘蔗渣进行综合利用不仅可以提高经济效益，而且还能防止环境污染，现按下列方式进行综合利用。
已知H 是具有香味的液体。
(1)A 的名称是________，H 的名称是________，H 的同类同分异构体还有_________________________________________________________________(写结构简式)。
(2)写出D →E 的化学方程式：_______________________________________________。
写出B →C 的离子方程式：_________________________________________________。
解析：(1)甘蔗渣成分是纤维素，因此A 为纤维素，纤维素水解的最终产物是葡萄糖，葡萄糖在酒化酶的作用下转化成乙醇，乙醇和氧化铜在加热作用下生成乙醛，乙醛被氧化成乙酸，乙酸和乙醇在浓硫酸作用下生成乙酸乙酯，H 的名称为乙酸乙酯，与其同为酯的同分异构体的结构简式为HCOOCH 2CH 2CH 3、HCOOCH(CH 3)2、CH 3CH 2COOCH 3。
(2)根据(1)的分析，乙醇和氧化铜发生氧化反应，把羟基氧化成醛基，化学方程式为CH 3CH 2OH ＋CuO ――→△CH 3CHO ＋Cu ＋H 2O 。
葡萄糖是多羟基醛，能被银氨溶液氧化，其离子方程式为CH 2OH(CHOH)4CHO ＋2[Ag(NH 3)2]＋＋2OH －――→△CH 2OH(CHOH)4COO －＋NH ＋4＋2Ag ↓＋3NH 3＋H 2O 。
答案：(1)纤维素 乙酸乙酯 HCOOCH 2CH 2CH 3、HCOOCH(CH 3)2、CH 3CH 2COOCH 3(2)CH 3CH 2OH ＋CuO ――→△CH 3CHO ＋Cu ＋H 2OCH 2OH(CHOH)4CHO ＋2[Ag(NH 3)2]＋＋2OH －――→△CH 2OH(CHOH)4COO －＋NH ＋4＋2Ag ↓＋3NH 3＋H 2O15．为检验淀粉水解的情况，进行如图所示的实验，试管甲和丙均用60～80 ℃的水浴加热5～6 min ，试管乙不加热。
待试管甲中的溶液冷却后再进行后续实验。
实验1：取少量甲中溶液，加入新制氢氧化铜悬浊液，加热，没有红色沉淀出现。
实验2：取少量乙中溶液，滴加几滴碘水，溶液变为蓝色，但取少量甲中溶液做此实验时，溶液不变蓝色。
实验3：取少量丙中溶液加入NaOH 溶液调节至碱性，再滴加碘水，溶液颜色无明显变化。
(1)写出淀粉水解的化学方程式：____________________________________________。
(2)设计甲和乙是为了探究________对淀粉水解的影响，设计甲和丙是为了探究________对淀粉水解的影响。
(3)实验1失败的原因是_______________________________________________。
(4)实验3中溶液颜色无明显变化的原因是____________________。
(5)下列结论合理的是________(填字母)。
a ．淀粉水解需要在催化剂和一定温度下进行b ．欲检验淀粉是否完全水解，最好在冷却后的水解液中直接加碘c ．欲检验淀粉的水解产物具有还原性，应先在水解液中加入氢氧化钠溶液中和稀硫酸至溶液呈碱性，再加入新制氢氧化铜并加热d ．若用唾液代替稀硫酸，则实验1可能出现预期的现象解析：(1)在酸性条件下，淀粉最终水解生成葡萄糖，化学方程式是(C 6H 10O 5)n ＋n H 2O ――→H ＋n C 6H 12O 6。