2018届上海市长宁区、嘉定区高三上学期质量调研(一模)英语试题

2018届上海市长宁区、嘉定区高三上学期质量调研（一模）英语试题（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）2017年12月21日上午第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Interesting. B. Reasonable.C. BrilliantD. Ridiculous.2.A. At a publishing house. B. In a printing shop.C. At a bookstore.D. In a library.3.A. An actor. B. A translator.C. A director.D. A writer.4.A. Receptionist and guest. B. Boss and secretary.C. Manager and customer.D. Interviewer and job hunter.5.A. The models. B. The new fashion.C. The show.D. The secret girls.6.A. Moved. B. Young.C. Satisfied.D. Old.7.A. An amazing article. B. A boring book.C.A local election.D. A fascinating topic.8.A. The woman is thinking of changing her idea.B.The woman gives the man so many choices.C.The man dislikes the food offered there.D.The man has trouble deciding what to eat.9.A. No one has Jackie's signature.B. Others desire Jackie's signature more than Jim.C. Jim wants Jackie's signature most.D. The woman shows no interest in Jackie's signature.10. A. Mr. Johnson has no idea where to get the result.B. Mr. Green is the person to announce the result.C. Mr. Johnson won't know the result until Monday.D. Mr. Green hasn't got the result up till now.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.He told a lie days ago. B.He was robbed in the Rio games.C.He broke the record.D.He was attracted by new sponsors.12.A. They met the fake policeman. B.They quarreled with security guards.C.They got into fights with each other.D.They lost their personal property.13.A.Better late than never. B. Honesty is the best policy.C.Doing is better than never.D. Seeing is believing.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Asking for candies. B. Dressing up in costumes.C.Hanging round racing alcohol.D. Having fun taking pictures.15.A.Halloween is a festival time just for kids.B.All the streets were closed off by the police in Tokyo.C.The business targeting adults consume expands in U.S.D.Adults fail to follow the tradition of costume wearing.16.A. The great success of Halloween industry.B.The changes in the celebration of Halloween.C.The traditional presentation of Halloween.D.The popularity of Halloween festival in Japan.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17.A.To return the money. B.To get a sweatshirtC. To get a microscope.D. To return a sweater.18.A.The quality was so poor. B.The label was in Chinese.C. The color was dark blue.D.The price was too high.19.A.Because of the refund policy.B.Because items on final sale couldn't be exchangedC.Because of the damage of the item.D.Because the customer didn't have a credit card.20.A. Appealing. B.Helpful.C. Informative.D.Tricky.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students ’ achievements, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. 21 (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States 22 (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. Nor in no case is there a fully 23 (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is the weakest in communities 24 students ’ needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States id to eliminate “barriers ” to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy 25 (ensure) that teachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. 26 does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation 27 (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools. 28 such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are likely to fire weak teachers, 29 they feel they won ’t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching 30 (improve). although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What isleadership？ Itsqualities are difficult to define ，b ut they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that __31___ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.A. understandingB. encouragesC. resultsD. flexibleE. returnedF. motivatedG. hungerH. constantlyI. satisfiedJ. supposedK. combinedGood leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the __32___ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst(催化剂) for transforming those talents into__33___.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an)__34___to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not __35___with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as __36___ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are __37___ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people __38___ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re __39___ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is ___40___. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Study of Point of View and ArgumentEveryday life is an interaction of view. Sometimes these interactions pass by virtually___41___ , like when you find yourself forced to by the newest cell phone but suddenly stop and ask yourself, “ Do I even need this thing?”and then realize that the latest ad campaign has ____42____you of something without you really knowing it. Sometimes these interactions with others are obvious and deeply felt, like when an emotional argument____43____over why your father won’t quit smoking even though his health is____44____ ---you only see your desire for him to be OK, he only sees his independence. then there are those times when those sorts of____45____ feel delighted---like when you voice your opinion, as you do every year at the thanksgiving table, about some political issues, and finally---after years of trying---see the ____46____of “hmm, you may be right’ on your uncle’s face.Advertising, media, novels and even the people you love often aim to____47____your opinion. We see the usual practice of close reading not just as a method of doing the academic work of looking closely at text evidence, word and structure, but as an opportunity to bring those practices together, to____48___our students to see the subtle messages in texts and in their lives o help them be strong and ____49___consumers of ideas and reflective, caring members of society.One large, multi-year study suggested that many students graduated without being able to distinguish____50____ from the influence of carefully designed opinions and public relations. We believe educators can help ____51____ this. we want our students to be able to recognize the points of view and arguments in texts and in life----to see when they are happening and to ____52____engage them. We want our students to listen to those points of view and argument with an open mind ---to truly listen to what other people believe and respectfully ____53____or question what they are saying. we also want our students to live with the confidence of ____54____themselves to make sound____55____, to make sense of the world, and to take risks. reading closely In this way can give our students a healthy skepticism（质疑态度）while also helping them tohave a more open mind.41. A. unbelievable B. unnoticed C. mistaken D. available42. A. convinced B. informed C. reminded D. expected43. A. takes up B. takes in C. works out D. breaks out44. A. recovering B. improving C. failing D. rejecting45. A. interactions B. functions C. messages D. issues46. A. phrase B. expectation C. reflection D. look47. A. accept B. influence C. misunderstand D. reject48. A. engage B. understand C. enable D. recognize49. A. affordable B. capable C. agreeable D. noticeable50. A. facts B. conclusions C. conflicts D. arguments51. A. mistake B. question C. change D. discover52. A. flexibly B. powerfully C. respectfully D. actively53. A. look out B. take in C. carry out D. give away54. A. exposing B. engaging C. trusting D. adapting55. A. improvements B. appointments C. decisions D. judgmentsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Companies Take Punitive Steps Against Smoker ,Overweight WorkersBy Tim JonesGet ready to say goodbye to the days of high-fat meals,junk food and that after-work cigarette you always enjoy smoking at-least if you intend to have a job and health insurance.The rule of the workplace are changing and personal behavior and lifestyle habits -those unrelated to what you do at work are -now fair game for employers determined to cut health-care costs.If you smoke ,you may not get hired and you could get fired,If you cholesterol is too high,you can pay higher premiums for you insurance .The same goes for blood pressure and body mass.The requirement accepted by a growing number of companies are encroaching on privacy and raising questions about who will qualify for health insurance ,as well as employment.The Cleveland Clinic on Sept.I started nicotine testing in pre-employment physicals .If nicotine is found ,applicants will not be hired.We -yco Inc,a company based in Lansing,Michigan,drew national attention in 2005 when it fired four employees who used tobacco .We-yco performs random testing every 3 months ,usually of about 30 employees .Workers are required to blow into a Breathalyzer-link device that measures carbon monoxide levels .Ifthe reading is high ,employees are required to take a urine test.If they fail the urinalysis twice ,they will be dismissed.Although thousands of employees have put in place inspiration for their workers to live healthier lifestyles,the vast majority of employers have not yet adopted the approach of punishing employees who do not satisfy medical or behavioral requirements.But punitive measures are gaining a foothold in theworkplace,according to lawyer and groups that follow insurance and employment trends, because health-care costs are double-digit rates annually.Gray Climes ,vice president of Meritain Health Michigan ,which now owns We-yco, noted that firings did not violate Michigan law and that 150 employees at the Okemos-based company have ,over time ,accepted the rules . It really comes down to a personal choice a s far as you want to be employed here.”Climes said .Climes said that since 2005,when we-yco made the wellness policy that includes that the smoking ban ,health insurance costs have increased by 2 percent a year,well below the national average.56.What is the author’s advice on getting employed?A.Paying high er premiums of health insurance.B.Quitting smoking and keeping away from junk foodC.Taking a urine test before applying for a good job.D.Studying hard and knowing more about the company.57.The italicized words encroaching on in the passage mean---A.enrichingB.recoveringC.protectingD.invading58.We-yco Ine,drew national attention in 2005 because ----A.four of its employees were fired just for smokingB.four of its employees violated Michigan lawC.Its health insurance costs have increased rapidlyD. A device was used to measure carbon monoxide levels59.What is the most probable title of this passage ？A .Health insurance costs are increasingB.urine tests are required for every employeeC.most of the employer get tough on healthD.employees are provided with good health care( B )Portuguese and Spanish explorers made the first European voyage into unknown waters. Curiosity, religion and economic goals drove these courageous men forward. Their voyages resulted in great advances for the sponsoring governments and served as the foundation for future empires.One man largely responsible for Portugal’s interest in exploration was a member of the Portuguese royal family named Prince Henry. Also known as “The Navigator”, Prince Henry’s primary goal was to find gold for Portugal. The Portuguese also hoped to find a way to the rich spice trade of the Indies and to spread the Christian faith.Henry gathered many Europe’s best geographers and navigators to plan expeditions. By about 1420 or earlier, his navigators were exploring westward into the Atlantic , and by the 1430s, they were moving southward along the west coast of Africa . Henry’s explorers claimed the Azores for Portugal . In Africa, they began to trade for slaves , gold and ivory .The success of these early voyages of discovery and exploration created great excitement throughout Europe. Success encouraged more voyages . In 1488, Baritolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa . Although Dias had to turn back , he had found the route to the Indian Ocean .Using this knowledge , Vasco da Gama sailed eastward across the Indian Ocean . He landed in India in 1498 . Several years later , da Gama made a second voyage to India . He returned to Portugal , his ships full of valuable goods .Thanks to Dias and da Gama , an overseas trade route from Europe to India and the East Indies was now available . Rich cargoes of spices and jewels arrived in Portugal . This direct ocean route saved the Portuguese from having to deal with middlemen traders . Now , the Portuguese could journey directly to the sources of the trade goods they sought . In many cases ,ships could carry goods more cheaply than could overland caravans(大篷车) . Nor could Portuguese merchants be blocked or charged high fees by competing powers that controlled overland routes . Overseas trade promised wealth for merchants and sailors and goods for Europe’s markets.60.The main purpose of Henry’s voyage was to ____________.A.explore the unknown waters beyond EuropeB.find gold for the royal familyC.seek for a route to the Indian OceanD.expand Portuguese trade to Africa61.Who was the first to find the route to the Indian Ocean?A.Prince Henry .B.Vasco da Gama.C.Baritolomeu Dias.D.Portuguese merchants.62.It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.A.Merchants used to be charged high fees by middlemen traders.B.Prince Henry blocked Portuguese merchants along overland routes.C.Dias and da Gama were the pioneers to reach the Cape of Good Hope.D.The overseas trade route from Europe to India benefited Portugal a lot .( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped” their products in the United States at “less than fair value.” Evenwhen no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry b y dumping rock salt, used to de ice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States” company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian” companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________A.arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporationsB.warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC.recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practicesD.advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many alternatives have been suggested to the nuclear waste storage.B.Why do many people worry about the risk of global warming?C.What if it leaks into the ground and reaches human water supplies?D.To store even part of the present nuclear waste requires a vast area.E.The problem of nuclear waste seems totally hard to deal with.F.To dispose it into the remote regions which are less populated.As people recognize the dangers of fossil fuel plants, especially the risk of global warming from carbon dioxide production—nuclear power begins to look more attractive. But what about the waste—all that highly radioactive debris(残核) that will endure for thousands of years? Nuclear waste is one of the biggest technical issues that any future president is likely to face.______67________Plutonium(钚) has a half-life of 24,000 years. Even after 100,000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left thereactor.______68_________How can we possibly prove that this material can be kept safe for 100000 years?Still the US government persists in p ursuing “safe”nuclear waste disposal(处理). It has created nuclear waste facilities buried deep within Yucca Mountain , Nevada. To keep the waste safe, the storage rooms are 1,000feet below the surface. _______69__________. It needs at least 2 square miles. The cost of the facility is expected to reach $100 billion ,with hundreds of billions of dollars more in operating costs. To make matters worse, earthquakes happen often in the Yucca Mountain region. More than 600 earthquakes of magnitude of 2.5 and higher have occurred within 50 miles in the last decade alone. Although that was millions of years ago, how sure can we be that the waste facility won’t be torn apart by another eruption?________70_________ Why not just send the waste into the sun? Well, maybe that’s not such a good idea, since on launch some rockets do crash back down to the earth. Some scientists have proposed that the waste be put in ships and sunk under the oceans. Yet just the fact that scientists make such suggestions seems to emphasize how the problem really is.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobileblower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.让我大吃一惊的是他的态度转变的如此之快。

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2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。

上海市长宁、嘉定区2018届高三一模英语试题含答案

上海市嘉定区2018学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2018.12.27I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Fascinating. B. Useful. C. Difficult. D. Boring.2. A. In a restaurant. B. In a factory.C. In a department store.D. In an office.3.A. A librarian. B. A psychologist. C. A Publisher. D. A teacher.4. A. He prefers to join the woman later. B. He intends to eat out tonight.C. He wants to watch the basketball game.D. He hates to lose the championship.5. A. It was quite delightful. B. It was not well organized.C. Careful preparations had been done.D. People made a mess on the ground.6. A. He is quite unhappy with the woman. B. He is eager to know the woman's reply.C. The woman should make full use of her time.D. The woman doesn't have to be in a hurry.7. A. Go on smoking B. Cry out his heart.C. Talk with the doctor.D. Carry on with exercise.8. A. Boss and shop assistant. B. House agent and client,C. Interviewer and job hunter.D. Manager and customer.9. A. She had better stay up late tonight. B. She has to get more sleep at night.C. She should avoid distractions in class.D. She must improve her grades gradually.10. A.The man only filled his tank half full. B. The man can't read the instrument.C. The car is breaking down on the wayD. The car has run out of gasoline.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. purchasing less expensive objects available.B. Buying only essentials and a treat on occasion.C. Learning to cook for yourself at home.D. Living on less money than you earn.12. A. To have a better health B. To keep their promises.C. To avoid being hurt easily.D. To gain a desired friendship.13. A. Life skills needed to be learnt at an early age.B. Great ways of saving money in the early years.C. Practical skills to cook nutritious food at home.D. Methods of gathering wisdom instead of bitterness.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14. A. To work on the rented land peacefully. B.To get used to the terribly cold weather.C. To tell his kids stories every night.D. To break the poverty cycle of his family.15. A.He worked in the dairy with his mother. B.He learned to mend his own clothes.C. He had a strong passion for words.D.He got well educated at school.16. A. 25. B. 27. C. 28. D. 37.17. A. He was considerably influenced by his mother.B. Farm work turned out to be quite easy for him.C. He had already become famous before his father passed away.D. people in Scotland regarded him as a successful farmer singer.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18. A. Harbin is her favorite city. B. She doesn't like places in the south.C. Russia is a beautiful country.D. She can't stand the heat in summer.19. A. Driving a car by themselves in the local country.B. Getting a group of ten people traveling together.C. Flying at the weekend with special fare tickets.D. Inviting more friends to share the happiness.20. A. Not knowing any local people. B. Unable to find a fellow traveller.C. unable to speak Russian.D. Not having any interpreter ·II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is sport always fun ?One afternoon in the last week of term, I saw three children form my son’s school in tears being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year -old had stomach pains and (21) ______(throw ) up several times when I noticed his sickness. Talking to other mothers, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much suffering ? Sports day ---- not sports day at a highly competitive independent school, but at a large village primary. (22) ______ it causes no problem to the children who can fly (23) _____ the wind, for those who are poorly coordinated (动作协调), overweight or just not good at sport, it is terrible. Even for those who enjoy (24) ______(run ) but who fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.As for the reason (25) ______ we put our children through this annual suffering, some May say that competition is character-buliding or it is a tradition of school life; some may assume (26) ______ really matters is taking part not winning. I just felt pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of the “sport” were fun (27) ______ (watch) because they produced some close races, enormous enthusiasm and lots of shouting. More importantly , (28) ______(hide ) a little form everyone’s gaze, the children who were not so fast or so quick atpassing the ball had the excitement of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could (29)________(abandon) and replaced with some other summer event. perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be (30) ________(stressful )for the children and a lot more fun for the spectators.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.This invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of planes. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still w asn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coat ing for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they 37 just that. Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more sticky notes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness trackers became popular,they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里)- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- ____41____ more. But even as the U.S. market for ___42____ devices hits $7 billion this year, there’s evidence that their promise isn’t quite paying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly ___43____. That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, were going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure out whether wearables ____45____ people’s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn’t ____46____. For a recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention(干预) alone. They didn’t. “We found that just giving people a device doesn’t mean it’s going to ____47____ something you think it’s going to lead to,” says John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. “These activity trackers don’t engage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long-term change”Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user ____49___. By the end of a yearlong study of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. “We didn’t find that Fitbits really have much of an effect,” he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to do something they’re not designed to do-- ____50____, force them to change their behavior. “There’s ____51____ among people about their function, a measurement too l and an intervention,” Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, ____52____, but won’t teach you how to eat less. “When people put these devices on, they might interact with the app(应用程序) for the first few weeks, maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off,” says Finkelstein.To be ____53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into them that encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit’s vice president of research. Among them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to ____54____ users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ____55____ -- or others like them--measurably improve people’s health and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourage D. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)In Michael Morpurgo’s novel War Horse, the horse is not only the principal character,he is the teller of his own story.Set in England and France 100 years ago War Horse tells the story of Joey, a handsome young horse who strikes up a close relationship with Albert, the teenage son of Joey’s owner.But war breaks out and they are separated and plunged into the horrors of the war in France.Both survive and are finally reunited after a remarkable series of events seen through the eyes of the splendid war horse, Joey.The following cutting comes from near the beginning of the book after Albert, much to his father’s surprise, has succeeded in training Joey to pull the plough.56. What amazed Albert’s father was that Joey could_______.A. help turn the soilB. survive the horrible warC. tell his own storiesD. make friends with people57. As for the coming war,Mother said that________.A. their village would get involved very soon.B. both Albert and Joey could be tough fightersC. the old duke’s death maybe meant nothing to themD. Albert was not grown up enough to join the army58. Which of the following best describes Albert according to Joey’s account in war horse?A. Imaginative but timidB. Innocent but braveC. Quiet but thoughtfulD. Ambitious but cold(B)Clare College CambridgeClare is the second oldest college in Cambridge University, having initially been founded in 1326 and refounded by Elizabath de Clare in 1338. Today, we uphold her educational and social goals and College is a booming community of over 100 Fellows, 450 undergraduate students, 200 graduate students and 100 staff.The College welcomes visitors, but please remember it is a working environment supporting academic scholarship. We hope you will enjoy the beauty of the gardens and buildings, but it is essential that visitors:●conduct themselves quietly around the College;●avoid blocking paths or doorways;●do not enter areas marked “Private” or “Closed”Historic buildings have steep steps and some rough surfaces. So please mind your steps. Please help to maintain the appearance of the College grounds by:●not picnicking or dropping litter;●keeping to the pathways in Old Court;●not smoking while on the College grounds.The Porters cabins provide first aid facilities. Unfortunately, Clare College does not have public toilets.PhotographyVisitors may use hand held cameras. Photography for commercial purposes requires prior permission in writing from the Head Porter.Preservation and DonationsClare College receives no state funding for the preservation of these historic buildings and gardens, but relies instead on donations. If you would like to support the work of the College, its buildings or gardens. Please contact the Development Office (http: www. ). We welcome inquires.59.From the writing we can learn that Clare College_________.A. only opens part of her buildings and gardens to the publicB. mainly gets the money from donators and the governmentC. enjoys a growing reputation as the second largest in Cambridge UniversityD. welcomes cameramen to take photos on campus for different purposes60. Suppose you are a tour guide with a group at Clare College, which of the following might trulyput you to trouble?A.A couple insist enjoying their lunch on the lawn.B.A child needs to go to the bathroom all of a sudden.C.An elderly woman falls off the steps and hurts herself.D.Some tourists keep exchanging ideas in a loud voice.61.We can most probably get this piece of writing from_________.A. the academic website of Cambridge UniversityB. the Development Office of Clare CollegeC. the Head Porter of Cambridge UniversityD. the main entrance of Clare College(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework os not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it ope ns. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they cann’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are unsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, evenWhen work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything theyhave seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework upon children’s success in class, some are justinferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to stand away from their children’s homewo rk.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’first concern.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than youZoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education of the public. __67___Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted to friends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists’ work and to interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 保持身体健康是硬道理。

2018-2019学年嘉定一中高三上英语第一次月考上海市英语试卷及答案

嘉定一中2018学年第一学期高三学业水平练习（一）英语Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Spare Time To Read,Reading is not just about learning a certain skill. Nor it is just about learning how to create prettier combination of words. Reading is the best form of communication ___21___ is in a higher rank than more conversation. Many successful people ___22___（share）the same kind of wisdom so far that if you want to become a kind of person you should try your best to spend time with this kind of people. If you want to become ___23___ with good manners, you should try to make friends with people who have good manners. If you want to become someone knowledgeable, you should try to stay in touch with ___24___（learn）people. If you want to become someone successful, you surely should communicate with those ___25___ are actually successful. But unfortunately, outstanding people are usually far away from us. If you yourself are not outstanding enough, it's almost impossible for you ____26___（reach）them. And this is what reading is for.A book is the picture of a great mind. Through reading you ___27___ communicate with those great minds. And this kind of communication is beyond time and space. Reading can bring you ___28___ ______ the cage of your daily life. It shows you new opportunities that you've never seen. For a lot of people, this may be the only method to change their lives. ___29___ ______ ______ busy you are, don't forget to spare some time to do it. If you don't find yourself time to read, you'll eventually find ___30___ without any time to live the life that you want to live.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note thatA good night’s sleep is of great importance for the learning and memory process. It’s important because it stores the training exercises and the learning exercises into our more ___31___ memory while we’re sleeping 7-8 hours in bed. And then the next morning when you wake up your mind is better prepared to act on that information.But what about getting rest during the middle of the day? Short ___32___ of sleep may help our brains work better, or so says a recent study on napping. Taking a nap may also help this group of people fight off ___33___ memory loss. Many Americans do nap. But one-third of all adults in the United States are also chronically tired, notes the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It found that 50 million to 70 million Americans have chronic sleep ___34___. So, someone who naps as a way of paying off a sleep debt may not experience the same ___35___ from napping as a healthy, well-rested person would. Also, many people may not want to admit that they take a nap. They may think that napping shows they are weak or lack energy. That only kids, the very old, sick or lazy people nap is not an ___36___ opinion.In fact, Americans sometimes do a very strange thing. Some brag about how few hours of sleep they need each night. Health experts ___37___ that adults get seven to eight hours of sleep each night. People who claim they only sleep five hours a night may think they are somehow stronger than the ___38___ human-superhuman, if you will.However, that may be changing. Many offices now offer napping rooms and napping cafes are ___39___ in many U.S. cities, including Washington, D.C. While resting in the middle of the work day may seem like a ___40___ to Americans, napping is very much part of a normal, everyday life in other parts of the world.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s amazing how little we have developed in many respects. We may speak without respect of the poor old Romans because they ___41___ the craziness of slaughter（杀戳）that went on in their playing fields. We may ___42___ them because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such ___43___ interest? Human beings remain as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were ___44___ enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to ___45___ sports which should have been banned long ageIt really is ___46___ that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men strike violently and repeatedly each other to be badly injured in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and ___47___ into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is not true. People take part in violent sports because of the high ___48___ they bring. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been ___49___ of the extreme pleasure of witnessing long-lasting torture and violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are ___50___. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally. But at least we no longer ___51___ the sight that mad men were shut up in cages, which were ___52___ in the past. Prisons are no longer the forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to ___53___ wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to ___54___ the law. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to ___55___ mankind. We would recognize that violence is harmful to the mind or morals.41.A. hated B.enjoyed C.praised D.adopted42.A. brag B.beg C.struggle D.forgive43.A. universal B.local C.foreign D.overseas44.A. rude B.special C.honest D.strange45.A. fight B.protect C.protest D.defend46.A. incredible B.incomplete C.inactive D.impossible47.A. breaking B.tearing C.testing D.bursting48.A. prizes B.rewards C.favors D.efforts49.A. deleted B.left C.deprived D.crashed50.A. unstable B.unpaid C.uncivilized D.unsatisfactory51.A. tolerate B.punish C.settle D.discuss52.A. common B.popular C.fashionable D.obvious53.A. disappear B.contribute C.attribute D.distribute54.A. spoil B.change C.modify D.polish55.A. searching B.seeking C.improving D.emergingSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Kids should be allowed to learn to judge their own work. A kid learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, kids learn to do all the other things: they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a kid a change to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other kids if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the kid when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let the kids learn what all educated persons must learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know.56.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are ___.A.different from learning other skillsB.the same as learning skillsC.more important than other skillsD.not really important skills57.According to the passage, the best way for kids to learn things is by _____.A.listening to skilled people’s adviceB.asking older people many questionsC.making mistakes and having them correctedD.doing what other people do58.Which of the following does the writer think teachers should not do?A.Give kids correct answers.B. Allow kids to make mistakes.C.Point out kids’ mistakes to them.D.Let kids mark their own work.59.According to the writer, teachers in school should ___.A.point out kids’ mistakes whenever foundB.allow kids to learn from each otherC.give kids more book knowledgeD.always correct kids’ mistakes（B）HOW YOUR MONEY HELPSMembership activities made a contribution of over £ 3 million to the Museum last year. Your support plays a vital role, thank you. Join now!In 2015 Members responded to an appeal to acquire the Stoney Waterloo Album. Through their extraordinary generosity, and that of the American Friends of the British Museum, the Museum secured this historic album in the 200th anniversary year of the Battle of Waterloo.Visit Designed by Sir Robert Smirke and completed in 1857, the Grade 1 listed Bloomsbury building requires frequent and paintaking work to maintain it. For much of the past year regular work has been undertaken to the main portico(门廊) as part of ongoing, vital repairs to the stonemasonry(石雕).The British Museum is a museum of the citizen ---its collection is for the whole of the UK. Last yar 3 million visitors saw British Museum objects on display in museums and galleries across the UK. The Sikh fortress turban tour has been the most popular, reaching over 250,000 visitors and nine museums across the country.Visit citizen.britishmuseum. org to learn more.One of the most ambit ions buildings developments in the British Museum’s history--- the World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre—was completed with the support of our Members. The building in the northwest corner of the Museum site houses new state-of-the-art conservation and science laboratories, new storage facilities, a loans hub, and the Sainsbury Exhibitions Gallery.Visit buildings. The Portable Antiquities Scheme(PAS), managed by the British Museum, recently announced the discovery of a significant Viking store of valuables in Oxfordshire. The PAS offers the only mechanism for recording such finds, which are made publicly available on its online database at .60.According to the passage, you can infer that _______.A.this is an introduction to the British MuseumB.this is a page from a science magazineC.this is a page from the homepage of the British MuseumD.this is an advertisement on a page of the British Museum61.If you want to know more about the museum of the citizen, you can visit _____.B.citizen. @D.buildings. 62.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The Battle of Waterloo happened in the year 1915.B.Three million visitors saw British Museum objects on display in museum in 2015.C.The Grade Ⅰ listed Bloomsbury building can be visited in Oxfordshire.D.Membership activities push forward the development of the British Museum.（C）Living in the U.S.A today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s words there are social changes everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear （矛）or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went wrong and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists（悲观主义者）worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who say that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historicalmilestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.In somewhat similar fashion computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.63.A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it ____.A.is severed both as a cultural and a physical objectB.has different purposesC.is useful to both man and animalsD.is made use of by human beings64.The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl show that ____.A.technology can be used to destroy our earth if it is not controlled by manB.technology belongs to man, so we should be responsible for itC.technology is likely to be wrong because it is a human creationD.technology never goes wrong unless it is used by man65.According to the author, why the introduction of the computer is a revolution is that _____.A.the computer has made the human mind smarter than beforeB.the computer can finish the work that could only be done by people beforeC.the computer has greatly affected society potentiallyD.the computer has brought human beings an information technology66.By using the phrase“the human quality of technology”in Para.2, the author refers to the fact that technology____.A.has affected the human life greatlyB.can replace some ways of human beingsC.has various qualities which human beings do not haveD.has some characteristics which human beings haveSection CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceLego recently announced that they will start producing pieces from sustainable sugar cane. The toys, which will be indistinguishable from classic Legos, will also feature botanical elements like levels, bushes, and trees. ___67___ “We want to make a positive impact on the world around us, and are working hard to make great play products for children using sustainable materials,”said Tim Brooks, vice president, environmental responsibility at the Lego Group, in a statement.“This is a great first step in our ambitious commitment of making all Lego bricks using sustainable materials.”___68___ It is a soft, durable and flexible plastic—technically identical to those produced using conventional plastic. Lego says that we needn’t worry about the quality of the new products, as they’ve tested the plant-based plastic to ensure that it meets the high standards for quality and safety that consumers except from the company. ___69___ Children and parents will not notice any difference in the quality or appearance of the new elements, because plant-based polyethylene has the same properties as conventional polyethylene.The move is part of Lego’s campaign to use sustainable materials in its core products and packaging by 2030, a move in which they have already invested $165 million. According to a research report, 4% of the world’s petroleum is used as a raw material to make plastic, and another 4% is used in the plastic-making process. ___70___ With this in mind, Lego has partnered with WWF to play their part, joining the Bioplastic Feedstock Alliance（BFA），which supports the responsible development of plastics made from plant material.The LEGO Group’s decision to pursue sustainably sourced bio-based plastics represents an incredible opportunity to reduce dependence on limited resources, and their work with the Bioplastic Feedstock Alliance will allow them to connect with other companies to continue to think creatively about sustainability.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Starbucks In China Is So ExpensiveChina’s national television network CCTV recently launched another of its campaigns against yet another foreign brand that has become hugely popular in China: Starbucks. The report intended to spark something about the Starbucks Pricing Controversy and compared the price of a latte at Starbucks in China with those in other countries around the world, the Price of a 354ml Medium Cup Latte—27 yuan RMB at a Starbucks in Beijing; 24.25 yuan RMB at a Starbucks in London, UK; 19.98yuan RMB at a Starbucks in Chicago, USA; 14.6 yuan RMB at a Starbucks in Bombay, India.The report basically was true: Starbucks in China is more expensive than pretty much anywhere else in the world. But it completely missed the point: Regarding the cost structure, as others have pointed out, they have a high cost model for producing coffee beverages and other products. Principally, they are often located in high rent areas, and are optimized（使…最优化）for service quality rather than cost-efficiency. Regarding how they are able to charge such high prices, it’s largely a product of branding and convenience.In china, Starbucks, and many other ca fé chains like them, don’t just sell caffeinated beverages, they provide a luxury service for middle and upper class consumers; they sell class consciousness, status. The fact that they are expensive is one of their biggest selling points. It is a well kno wn fact that Starbucks is expensive, and this isn’t a commercially inhibiting factor, it’s one of the chain’s best marketing strategies. Starbucks doesn’t just sell coffee in China, but sells status. It’s the same rule for just about every other company ma rketing its good and services towards China’s money classes: luxury items in China are far more expensive than in the West for no other reason than the fact that this country has a rather large, new rich consumer class which desires the status symbols to separate themselves from the masses.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.所有成功人士都知道每一分钟都很重要。

2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编----语法填空--学生版(已校对)

Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. ―While s ome complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,‖ said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can‘t just walk away or put your colleagues‘ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don‘t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others‘ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. ―Listen to the whiners actively,‖ said HR Li. ―Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to impr ove the situation.‖Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. ―I let them talk about their opinions,‖ she said, ―They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.‖But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. ―I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.‖ he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. ―The real problem is that the whiners don‘t feel they are being taken seriously,‖ said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. ―(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually di sappear.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelersto TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‗Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible‘. Fjellvettreglene, the ‗mountain code‘(21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don‘t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it.But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway‘s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway‘s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number oftourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, ―On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we‘d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don‘t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur (创业者). She won the 2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, (21) _____recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems— the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causingexcitement internationally (22)_______their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype(原型) for a flashlight (23)_______(power ) by the heat of one‘s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski‘ goal was (24)________(offer) a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.― I‘m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school (25)_________ she couldn‘t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,‖Makosinski explained.―I‘ve always been interested in doing sc ience projects, so I thought, why don‘t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?‖The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side (26)______（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, (27)______（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators? ― Start now. There (28)________be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high scho ol think ‗ Oh, I‘m a student. I just need to study.‘ (29)________may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do (30)_______you want. Just go ahead.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students‘achievements, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. (21) (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States (22) (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. Nor in no case is there a fully (23) (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is the weakest in communities (24) students‘ needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States id to eliminate ―barriers‖ to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy (25) (ensure) thatteachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. (26) does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation (27) (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools.(28) such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are likely to fire weak teachers, (29) they feel they won‘t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching (30) (improve). although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a deadgrasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh‘s Olive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spot ted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work‘s lower foreground. ―(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.―We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he‘s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What‘s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.‖Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect‘s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it som ehow landed on the artist‘s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon（21）in when his body was found very swollen（浮肿的）. I took a medical history （22）his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She'd been his main career for years. I stood （23）(look) at him as she gave a detailed history. "Has he lost any weight recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told (24) the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer." I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed (25) he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more (26) (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. (27)you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."(28) it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in (29) they hear－and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I'd made the situation (30) (bad).II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn‘t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a ―grammar school‖. Baz failed the examination and went to a ―secondary modern school‖. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modem school had(24)______(few)resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s ―comprehensive schools‖were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without(25)______(take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially(28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)______ ______almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul--so perhaps life is fair after all.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most places. This fact, (21)______(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called ―landfill crisis‖ of the mid-1990s,means that recycling has not caught on, which runs (22)______ some environmentalists‘ wishes.However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They‘ve also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) (23)______ cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups (24)______(educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.(25)______ ______ ______ uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families (26)______ recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, glass and plastic. To businesses with garbage containers ―polluted‖ with more than 10 recyclables，warnings (27)______(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $39 million savings expected.As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the (28)______(advanced) recycling facility in the country.The company focuses on (29)______could cut costs. Automation hasstreamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents,(30)______(show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money, landfill space and the environment.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hooves (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. ―After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,‖ said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April‘s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21)_ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental R V, R V dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) servingtheNewY orkmetropolitanarea. Mr. Troianoisontrack(23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹) ismostly(24) the economy‘s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new typesof customer are embracing thelifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational V ehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn‘t indicate a brightfuture. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants,(25)are keen toexperiencelong, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano‘s most recent big sale wasto(26)richAsian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year less than 1% of R Vs produced domestically (27)(ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China‘sgovernment, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Y utong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of themAmerican.R V manufacturers are also marketing theconcept(28)their motor homescanbe commercial as well as leisure vehicles.They(29)allow travelling salesmen,businessmento save on food and hotelcosts. (30)you park it, it can be your office, as well as yourhome.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations (21)_______ (draw) by Scottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily (22)______ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman‘s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeenis able to capture (23)______ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism (24)______ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image (25)______ (take) up to six weeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, (26)_____ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. ―I want them to think about the work and (27)_______ I‘m actually drawing,‖ he said, ―Iprefer to study the internal aspect of the subject (28)______ _______ focus solely on the external part.‖Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough(29)______ (make) a living from his work. ―I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years‘ time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,‖he said. ―It‘s such a fantastic feeling (30）______ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One of my (21) ________ (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, (22) ________ (join) in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to seethe cows as they (23) ________ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different (24) ________ my own. It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day, I wonder (25) ________ that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own. There is never a day when the animals don‘t need to be fed. But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we (26)________ be saving our money and time for.For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better (27) ________ (buy) groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28) ________ (involve) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all (29) ________ ________ the vacation can work for everyone.Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is the one week a year I don‘t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes. (30) ________ matters that week is that everyone is having a great timeSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.。

上海市2017-2018年各区高三英语一模试题汇编--摘要写作(Summary-Writing)-老师版(全部带答案已经校对)

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.Keys:Wildness therapy is a kind of psychotherapy, which is a successful one with argument. It is aimed to reform youths in trouble by having them get involved in outdoor activities. It is criticized/blamed for some of its methods, lack of professional staff and not being mentallybeneficial. However, it is a creative way to equip youths with life and social skills. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble co ncentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.Keys:Though open offices is meant to raise cooperation, employees feel it hard to concentrate, thus reducing productivity.Quiet and closed spaces are better choices for jobs demanding concentration, but some have a feeling of discomfort or weakness to work alone. (40 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）Keys:Violence is officially reported to have become the greatest threat to teenagers’ lives, andstudents should learn to how to manage conflict.While conflict is inevitable, which students should know, keeping calm and carefully listening to each other is advisable.Reviewing what they hear and understanding what the real issue is will make the conflict become smaller.（58 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.Keys:Fog, a concentration of tiny water droplets suspending in the air, is airline and airport operators’ enemy, but machines have helped to win the war against it. The fog-sweeping machine dissipates common fog, and the cloud-seeding machine can eliminate cold fog. Another weapon enables pilots to “see” the runway through the fog. (55 words)IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’sfeelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Keys:People may hesitate to help when they see children abused by their parents in public because they are afraid to embarrass and offend the parent. However, intervention can be done in a non-offensive way. Since children are too young to stand up for themselves, we are obliged to intervene, which may have a lifelong effect on their future/growth. (58 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for no w,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Keys:Two measures have been taken to save California condors from extinction for decades. First, to keep condors away from electrical lines, electric shock training let them experience bitter but not fatal shock. Second to clear lead from their blood, some are given medical treatment at the zoo. As the statistics show, these efforts have had good results.(57 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link be tween their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.Keys:Evidence shows that mothers can help children overcome difficulties, but a recently study finds that fathers also have positive influence. They can help children feel more optimistic and self-confident, which boosts the math score of teenage girls and the language abilities of boys. Therefore, fathers should be encouraged to convey care and recognition to their children. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.Keys:The changing-hands of the influential Lonely Planet at financial losses signified the breakdown of physical guidebooks. The decline is attributed to free quality content online and convenient smartphone apps. Besides, guidebooks’ comprehensiveness harm s innovation and recommended businesses ultimately get slack and lose edge. However, offering different experience, guidebooks still have room for existence currently. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, peoplearound the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.Keys:Turia Pitt met with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered with the donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with her own recovery experience. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” thatmatters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”Keys:By asking the students to guess the colleges some celebrities attended and to investigate the educational background of their successful acquaintances, high school programmes indicate that the successful people don’t necessarily graduate from famous colleges.According to a research, not the universities people attended but their proper time management, efforts and willingness contribute most to lifelong success. (57 words)/By launching a campaign in which the students get to know the educational background of some famous and successful people, some high school instructing projects are intended to reveal that compared with the colleges the students attend, the efforts they made during the college count. Besides, students’ willingness and the eagerness to learn account more for lifelong success.(58 words)/With worthwhile guidance counseling programmes informing not “Where you go” but proper time management counts, the students and their parents are shocked to discover some celebrities didn’t graduate from first-class university. Nationwide research found high SATs didn’t mean high income. Those who applied but rejected will be successful if motivated, ambitious and active in learning. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed prese ntation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.Keys:Such sales strategies as narrative, suggestive and consultative strategies can improve a company’s sales. The narrative strategy refers to a standard presentation suitable for buyers with similar motives, while the suggestive strategy means the salesperson should offer alternative choices of a particular customer. Finally, the presentation in consultative strategy is designed to meet a consumer’s specific needs.(60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them。

2018-2019学年长宁区高三年级英语一模测试卷（含答案解析版）

长宁区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测试卷高三英语(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.音频A. At the dress shop.B. At the butcher‟s.C. At the hairdresser‟s.D. At the grocery store.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

2.音频A. Play the violin.B. Stay at home.C. Write a composition.D. Attend the concert.【答案】D【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

3.音频A. $4.B. $31.C. $40.D. $69.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

4.音频A. Someone witnessing a crime.B. A salesman of the shop.C. Someone looking for the robber.D. A friend of the woman.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

2017-2018上海嘉定一中高三英语教学质量调研(一)英语试题

2017-2018上海嘉定一中高三英语第一次月考第Ⅰ卷Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分，每题1分）Section ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Shanghai opened its first community fridge, with the aim of cutting food waste and helping residents in need. It is located on Puxiong Road, Putuo District.The fridge ___21___（house）in a community reading room for the elderly and can be used from 8:30 am to 11:30 am and 1:30 pm to 5 pm. The stock yesterday included boxes of milk, yogurt and pastries. The foods are supplied by two local supermarkets nearby, a restaurant and a food bank.___22___（co-launch）by Puxiong Community and Shanghai Oasis Public Service Development Center, the project was inspired by“solidarity fridges”in Spain, ___23___ residents and restaurants can drop off leftovers to curb food waste.However, ___24___（ensure）food safety and sourcing, the fridge in Puxiong Community so far only accepts food from certain institutions. Five volunteers take turns to be responsible for accepting food and cleaning the fridge.“I think this is a brilliant idea, and would be even better if it can spring up around the city,”a 79-year-old resident Zhu Guoxin told Shanghai Daily.“However, I hope in the future individual residents can also be able to put their leftovers or other edible snacks here. Just ___25___ the scheme in Spain.”26______ ______ the shared fridge, the community and Shanghai Oasis Public Service Development Center are also working on a food bank scheme ___27___（serve）low-income families as well as providing medical treatment in the community.“Packaged food that can be preserved for a long time will be put in food bank to serve residents most in need,”said Ella Zhang, the program director with the public service center, “___28___ cooked food or fresh food will be sent to the sharing fridge”. She said the Green Food Bank project first started in 2014 and operated from about 50 spots in Shanghai, with food supplied mainly by local farms, food manufactures, retailers and restaurants.“Now some five-star hotels ___29___（contact）us to share their leftovers too.”The project in Puxiong Community is sponsored by Changshou Funds of Changshou subdistrict government. If successful, the program will be spread to the ___30___ 34 communities in the subdistrict.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Would you be happier if you spent more time discussing the state of the world and the meaning of life--- and less time talking about the weather?It may sound counterintuitive（违反直觉的）, but people who spend more of their day having deep discussions and less time engaging in small talk seem to be happier, said Matthias Mehl, a psychologist at the University of Arizona who published a study on the ___31___.“We found this so interesting, because it could have gone the other way — it could have been ‘Don't worry, be happy’ — as long as you surf on the ___32___ level of life you're happy, and if you go into the essential depths you'll be unhappy,” Dr. Mehl said.But, he ___33___, deep conversation seemed to hold the ___34___ to happiness for two main reasons: both because human beings are driven to find and create ___35___ in their lives, and because we are social animals who want and need to ___36___ with other people.“By engaging in meaningful conversations, we manage to impose meaning on a(n) ___37___ pretty messy world,”Dr. Mehl said.“And interpersonally, as you find this meaning, you bond with your interactive partner, and we know that interpersonal connection and integration is a core ___38___ foundation of happiness.”Dr. Mehl’s study was small and doesn’t ___39___ a cause-and-effect relationship between the kind of conversations one has and one’s happiness. But that’s the ___40___ next step, when he will ask people to increase the number of deep conversations they have each day and cut back on small talk, and vice versa.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give __41__ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber (水管工) when they are paid to do it. Economics majors tend to rate __42__ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peers.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are __43__ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become __44__ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as economics, __45__ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a __46__ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.If economics can __47__ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business __48__ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like __49__, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an ___50___ education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, __51__ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are __52__ about others, not only themselves. __53__, within economics courses, we should do a better job __54__ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values -- including helping others.Not until then may the prophecy (预言) by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen be __55__. Calling economists “rational fools,” he observed: “The purely economic man is indeed close to being a social fool.”41. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more42. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics43. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached44. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful45. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to46. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason47. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause48. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application49. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity50. A. inaccessible B. informal C. inadequate D. insignificant51. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of52. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic53. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise54. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling55. A. broken B. predicted C. challenged D. fulfilledSection BDirections：Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B, and C. There are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）It was Saturday. As always, it was a busy one, for“Six days shall you labor and do all your work”was taken seriously back then. Outside, Father and Mr. Patrick next door were busy chopping firewood. Inside their own houses, Mother and Mrs. Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning.Somehow the boys had slipped away to the back lot with their kites. Now, even at the risk of having Brother caught to beat carpets, they had sent him to the kitchen for string (线). It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites would fly today.My mother looked at the sitting room, its furniture disordered for a thorough sweeping. Again she cast a look toward the window. “Come on, girls! Let’s take string to the boys and watch them.”On the way we met Mrs. Patrick, laughing guiltily as if she were doing something wrong, together with her girls.There never was such a day for flying kited! We played all our fresh string into the boys’ kites and they went up higher and higher. We could hardly distinguish the orange-colored spots of the kites. Now and then we slowly pulled one kite back, watching it dancing up and down it the wind, and finally bringing it down to earth, just for the joy of sending it up again.Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. “Perhaps it’s like this in the kingdom of heaven,”I thought confusedly.It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to house. I suppose we had some sort of supper. I suppose there must have been a surface tidying-up, for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough. The strange thing was, we didn’t mention that day afterward. I felt a little embarrassed. Surely none of the others had been as excited as I. I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep “the things that cannot be and yet they are.”The years went on, then one day I was hurrying about my kitchen in a city apartment, trying to get some work out of the way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to “go park, see duck.”“I can’t go!”I said. “I have this and this to do, and when I’m through I’ll be too tired to walk that far.”My mother, who was visiting us, looked up from the peas she was shelling, “It’s a wonderful day,” she offered, “really warm, yet there’s a fine breczc. Do you remember that day we flew kites?”I stopped in my dash between stove and sink. The looked door flew open and with it a rush of memories. “Come on.”I told my little girl. “You’re right, it’s too good a day to miss.”Another decade passed. We were in the aftermath (余波) of a great war. All evening we had been asking our returned soldier, the youngest Patrick Boy, about his experiences as a prisoner of war. He had talked freely, but now for a long time he had been silent. What was he thinking of – what dark and horrible things?“Say!” A smile slipped out from his lips. “Do you remember --- no, of course you wouldn’t. It probably didn’t make the impression on you as it did on me.”I hardly dared speak. “Remember what?”“I used to think of that day a lot in POW camp(战俘营), when things weren’t too good. Do you remember the day we flew the kites?”56. By“we were all besides ourselves,”the writer means that they all _____.A. felt confusedB. went wild with joyC. looked onD. forgot their fights57. What did the writer think after the kite-flying?A. The boys must have had more fun than the girls.B. They should have finished their work before playing.C. Her parents should spend more time with them.D. All the others must have forgotten that day.58. Why did the writer finally agree to take her little girl for an outing?A. She suddenly remembered her duty as a mother.B. She was reminded of the day they flew kites.C. She had finished her work in the kitchen.D. She thought it was a great day to play outside.59. The youngest Patrick Boy is mentioned to show that _____.A. the writer was not alone in treasuring her fond memoriesB. his experience in POW camp threw a shadow over his lifeC. childhood friendship means so much to the writerD. people like him really changed a lot after the war（B）A team of U.S. and Ethiopian scientists has discovered the fossilized（变为化石的）remains of what they believe is humankind’s first walking ancestor, a hominid（原始人）that lived in the wooded grasslands of the Horn of Africa nearly 4 million years ago.The bones were discovered in February at a new site called Mile, in the northern African region of Ethiopia. They are considered to be 3.8-4 million years old. The fossil include a complete tibia（胫骨）from the lower part of the leg, parts of a high-bone, ribs, vertebrae（脊椎）, a collar-bone, pelvis（骨盆）and a complete shoulder-blade. There also is an ankle bone which, with the tibia, proves they walked upright.The bones are the latest in a growing collection of early human ones that help explain the development history of man.“Right now we can say this is the world’s oldest bipedal---an animal walking on two feet and what makes this important is because what makes us human is walking upright,”Latimer said.“This new discovery will give us a picture of how our 4-million-year-old ancestors walked upright. It opens the door on a poorly known period and it will help us understand the early periods of human evolution（演化）before Lucy.”Paleontologists（古生物学家）before discovered in Ethiopia the remains of Ardipithecus-ramidus, a traditional part with important ape characteristics dating as far back as 4.5 million years but there is some argument over whether it walked upright on two legs. Scientists know little about A. ramidus. A few skeletal bones suggest it was even smaller than Australopithecus afarensis, the 3.2 million-year-old species known by the nearly complete“Lucy”fossil.Scientists are yet to classify the new find, which they believe falls between A. ramidus and A. afarensis. The fossil would help join the two parts. “It is a once in a lifetime find ,” latimer said.60. The passage mainly tells readers that ______.A. a bone was discovered in EthiopiaB. there is a once in a lifetime find in EthiopiaC. remains discovered in Ethiopia may be the oldest walking hominidD. human evolution before Lucy is completely known61. Which of the following can prove whether humans can walk upright?A. The thigh-bone and ribs.B. The ankle bones and tibia.C. The tibia and vertebrae.D. The pelvis and shoulder-blade.62. Which of the following shows the right order according to the timeline?（C）There was a time, not that long ago, when women were considered smart if they played dumb to get a man, and women who went to college were more interested in getting a“Mrs. Degree”than a bachelor’s. Even today, it’s not unusual for a woman to get whispered and unrequested counsel from her grandmother that an advanced degree could hurt her in the marriage market."There were so many misperceptions out there about education and marriage that I decided to sort out the facts," said economist Betsey Stevenson, an assistant professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. So along with Wharton colleague Adam Isen, Stevenson calculated national marriage data from 1950 to 2008 and found that the marriage penalty women once paid for being well educated has largely disappeared."In other words, the difference in marriage rates between those with college degrees and those without is very small," said Stephanie Coontz, a family historian at Evergreen State College. The new analysis also found that while high-school dropouts had the highest marriage rates in the 1950s, today college-educated women are more likely tomarry than those who don’t finish high school.Of course, expectations have changed dramatically in the last half century. "In the 1950s, a lot of women thought they needed to marry right away," Coontz said. "Real wages were rising so quickly that men in their 20s could afford to marry early. But they didn’t want a woman who was their equal. Men needed and wanted someone who knew less." In fact, she said, research published in 1946 documented that 40 percent of college women admitted to playing dumb on dates. "These days, few women feel the need to play down their intelligence or achievements," Coontz said.The new research has more good news for college grads. Stevenson said the data indicate that modern college-educated women are more likely to be married before age 40, are less likely to divorce, and are more likely to describe their marriages as "happy". The marriages of well-educated women tend to be more stable because the brides are usually older as well as wiser, Stevenson said.63. Not long ago, it was believed that women went to college in order to ___.A. find a husbandB. get smart in the marriage marketC. learn to be a good wifeD. marry someone with a bachelor’s degree64. According to the first paragraph, what grandmother whispers to her granddaughter is usually______.A. taken as a warningB. regarded as out-of-dateC. given voluntarilyD. accepted unwillingly65. What did Betsey Stevenson find about well-educated women in the past?A. Their marriage rate was higher than at present.B. Their marriage rate was lower than at present.C. Their divorce rate was higher than at present.D. Their divorce rate was lower than at present.66. The effect of education on marriage has been found to be _____.A. favorableB. insignificantC. long-lastingD. extensiveSection CDirections：Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context. EachFigure skating as we know it got its start in the mid-19th century. At that time, an American named Jackson Haines combined dancing and skating for the first time. Americans did not accept Haines’ technique, so he moved to Vienna, Austria, where he was an immediate success. Some 50 years later, Haines’ style finally caught on in the United States.___67___ Events for pairs and singles first appeared at the London 1908 Summer Games. Ice dancing joined the Olympics in 1976, when the Games were held in Innsbruck, Austria.In single skating, each skater performs a short routine of required steps. ___68___ The pairs event follows the same format, but with one male and one female together.___69___ But unlike pairs skating, ice dance does not include overhead lifts and jumps. An ice dancecompetition is made up of three parts: one set to music that has a required rhythm and tempo, and two parts set to whatever music the ice dancers choose.A panel of nine judges scores the quality of each figure skating performance, but only seven out of nine scores are used. To determine which judges’ scores will be used, there is a random draw before each event. Skaters are given a grade for each step, jump, spin, or any other element that is part of their routine. They also receive an “overall”score for each performance. ___70___第Ⅱ 卷Ⅱ. TranslationDirecitons：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 夏天天气炎热，请避免长时间暴晒。

2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编----语法填空--学生版(已校对)

2018届上海市十三校高三第一次联考英语试题及答案 (4)

上海十三校2018届高三调研考英语试卷2017.12 考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $30. B. $13. C. $35. D. $60.2. A. In the florist’s. B. In the post office. C. In a bakery. D. At a fruit stand.3. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed. C. Disappointed.D. Surprised.4. A. Secretary and boss. B. Student and teacher.C. Patient and nurse.D. Customer and waitress.5. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent.C. A post office clerk.D. A department store salesperson.6. A. To go to a physical club. B. To work in the office.C. To sleep in bed.D. To go shopping.7. A. Jim looks nice in his new shirt. B. Jim looks nicer in his old shirt.C. Jim does not look nice in his old shirt.D. Jim isn’t well-dressed.8. A. He can teach her that program. B. He is going to ask Dick for help.C. He's busier than Dick.D. He taught himself that program.9. A. The man can speak German. B. The man knows nothing about German.C. The man can read in German.D. The man knows both English and German.10. A. She doesn’t like the get-together. B. The man has told her about the get-together.C. She is ignorant of the get-together.D. A get-together will be held next weekend.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They could be used everywhere. B. Customers had to pay for things in full.C. They were very popular before the 1920s.D. Everyone could get this kind of credit card.12. A. Because this card could be used at many shops.B. Because they could pay for things a little at a time.C. Because they could spend more money with credit card.D. Because they didn't need to carry a lot of cash with them.13. A. Part of the development of credit cards. B. How to use credit cards.C. How credit cards help businessmen.D. The number of credit card users.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Exactly during the explosion. B. When the plane was full of smoke.C. When the engines were turned off.D. Before the engines sounded scary.15. A. Never to put off anything in life. B. To reach out to people around.C. To see his daughter grow up.D. To be a goodfather.16. A. An emergency crash-landing guide. B. A speech on one’s air travel experience.C. An introduction of an adventure novel.D. A safety training for air passengers.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,u se one word that best fits each blank.(A)Sports is both my work and lifeAmong various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene happened in my first year of work, (25) ______ I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment (26) ______ I was deeply moved. I realized (27) ______ marathon spirit stands for --- perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough.I took part in the Nike Women's Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon.(28) ______ ______ I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, allowing me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly.There were many times when I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, (29) ______ (feel) sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended to walk. A woman shouted at me: "Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You're doing a great job." What amazing power (30) ______ words had! I started to run again. And finally I made it.Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but (31) ______ (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races.I wish to create a far (32) ______ (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help them achieve the results they expect, happily, conveniently and comfortably.(B)Photo hacking: sex crimeOscar winner Jennifer Lawrence, one of dozens of actresses, models and celebrities whose images have been posted online, spoke about the photo hacking scandal for the first time on Tuesday, saying it is a crime and sexual violation.In an interview with Vanity Fair magazine, Lawrence, 24, said she was frightened after the photos was released last month and worried about the impact it would have (33) ______ her career."Just because I'm an actress and public figure, does not mean that I asked for this." Lawrence, (34)______ won a best actress Academy Award, told the magazine. The star said she considered (35)______ (write) an apology but had been in a loving, four-year relationship and realized she had nothing to say sorry for."It's not a scandal," she said. "It's a sexual violation. The law needs to be changed, (36) ______ it?"Lawrence had been dating British actor Nicholas Hoult but the couple are reported (37) ______ (split up) last summer.Photos of Lawrence, model Kate Upton, actress Kirsten Dunst and other women had apparently been hacked from individual iCloud accounts and were uploaded to the image-sharing forum 4chan.The FBI said it was aware of the release of the photos and (38) ______ (address) the matter. Apple Inc admitted that certain celebrity accounts (39) ______ (offend), but the company said none of the cases (40)______ (investigate) were due to any breach (违反) in Apple's systems including iCloud or Find My iPhone.The iCloud system lets users store photos and other content and to access it from any Apple device.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerlythe child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often41 to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be 42 to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. Onthe other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much,or without any learning 43 , he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new thingsfor himself.Parents 44 greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be 45 strict in money matters. Others are severe over timesof coming home at night or punctuality for meals. Ingeneral, the controls imposed 46 the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.As regards the development of 47 standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and 48 it the next day is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused, and 49 insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden 50 of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fitsthe context.In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, 51 of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and fromthe withdrawal from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiatea(n) 52 response; in this situation, one mightfeel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one's home town into 53 communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places withlow population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 54 .There are many different ways used to 55 loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommendto patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. Duringtherapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, 56 the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend 57 therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 58periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can 59 feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for 60 with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternativeapproaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a 61 effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of 62 loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 63 process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, 64 , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 65 creative activities.51. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence52. A. grief B. emotion C. offenceD. horror53. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevantD. unfamiliar54. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with55. A. release B. observe C. monitorD. treat56. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing57. A. long-term B. sightseeing C.patient D. group58. A. quit B. evolve C. switchD. exercise59. A. confirm B. protest C. enhanceD. ease60. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping61. A. historic B. restorative C.decisive D. permanent62. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducingD. striving63. A. creative B. musical C. artisticD. poetic64. A. however B. therefore C. ratherD. otherwise65. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered bySection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）Chimpanzees, long considered reluctant to share, apparently can display selfless tendencies, revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans, scientists find. These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans.Previously, a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago. In recent years, however, research has revealed just how much chimpanzeeshave in common with us. They can hunt with spears,play with dolls and mourn their partners’ death."Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others, often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies," De Waal told Live Science. "Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all."In addition to using complex food-delivery systems, past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others. In these new, simplified experiments, two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other. Then, one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens (币) from a bin, one of which represented a pro-social(亲社会的) option, the other a selfish option. The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper. The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs, the scientists found all the apes showeda definite preference for the pro-social option. "For me, the most important finding is that like us, chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others," researcher Victoria Horner, said.The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves. They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss, begging persistently or spitting water at them. This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.66. The word " altruism " (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. selflessnessB. selfishnessC. willingnessD. reluctance67. Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.A. test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skillsB. see whether chimps are willing to share food withothersC. find out if chimps are likely to reward partnersD. show that chimps are only good at using implements68. What can be learned from the passage?A. Chimps are usually unwilling to share.B. Chimps take others’ needs and wishes into consideration.C. It is more likely that chimps will reward partners who give them pressure.D. Human altruism evolved only after humans separated from their ape relatives.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Evolution History of Altruism in HumansB. Similarities between Chimps and MankindC. Chimps Do Show Selfless BehaviorD. Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure(B)The Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to mature high schoolseniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) anda Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately6 years.Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school.Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientists that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparation for their entry into graduate school. At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member.To be considered students must:●have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combinedMath and Critical Reading scores)●meet the SAT II score requirement of at least600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistryor Physics)●have completed eight semesters of Englishand mathematics and two semesters each of biologyand chemistry by the time they graduate from highschool●complete all components of your CommonApplication for undergraduate admission byNovember 1 of your senior year●complete a supplemental application formfor the Honors Program in Biochemistry &Molecular Biology●include a counselor recommendation, threeletters of recommendation from teachers insupport of your application to the Honors Programand a personal statementSend all Dual Admission HonorsProgram application materials to:Dual Admission Honors ProgramsOffice of Admission70. We can learn from the passage that______.A. Grade one students in a high school can apply forthe programB. i t’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degreeC. graduates are promised to have a chance to work withtop biomedical scientistsD. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wantsto go to graduate school71. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirementfor application?A. A combined SAT I score of 1400.B. A combined SAT II score of 600 in Math and onescience.C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.72. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.B. To introdu ce a very famous university “Universityof Miami”.C. To attract excellent high school graduates to applyfor the Honors Program.D. To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.73. If an applicant wants more information, he cancontact Director of the Honors Program except ______.A. by phoneB. in personC. by e-mailD. by fax(C)Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the KarolinskaInstitute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available —because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected thatthis enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start.The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.74. The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know______.A. if exercise cushions against depressionB. what can lead to depression in animals and peopleC. if stress can contribute to the development of depressionD. how exerc ise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression75. We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ______.A. they stand still in placeB. they stop searching for the sugar waterC. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zoneD. they can’t experience normal pleasures any longer76. Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ______.A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depressionB. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or joggingC. confirm the findings above are also relevant to peopleD. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to easedepressionB. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary peopleC. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depressionD. in the past mental health specialists didn’t know exercise could help reduce depressionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.By 2050, half of the world’s p opulation will reside （居住）in the tropics—the relatively warm belt that circles the globe—according to State of the Tropics, a report released today. Rapid population growth, along with economic growth, means that the region’s influence will grow in coming decades, the authors of the 500-page work predict.The project, initially launched in 2011, aimed to answer one significant question: Is life in the tropics improving? To find out, the researchers analyzed environmental, social, and economic indicators collected over 6 decades. It finds that the region has made “extraordinary progress” in many areas. For example, there’s been a 14% increase in the proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water, and the number of protected areas is increasing. The tropics also have outperformed (胜过) the rest of the world in economic growth over the past 30 years; it now represents approximately 18.7% of global economic activity, up from 14.5% in 1980.Nevertheless, some challenges remain. Investment in research and development, for example, has increasedmodestly, but tropical nations still invest less than the rest of the world. “As a proportion of GDP the Rest of the World invests almost four times as much in research and development than the Tropics,” concludes the report.The report also includes a new analysis of how climate change will affect the region. Many plant and animal species are moving poleward in an attempt to stay within their preferred environmental conditions in the tropics, the authors write. However, some organisms may not be able to keep pace with the changing conditions, they predict. As a result, they can experience population declines or go extinct.In addition, an expanded tropical zone also threatens health and safety issues, the authors warn. As regions become more suitable to insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, the prevalence of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease could rise, causing a burden to human health and the economy.Bruna, a researcher, says he sees a lot to be concerned about in the report. “While we’ve made incredible advances in some areas, I think the risks for the tropicsthat are highlighted in this report are things that we really need to be concerned about.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. The growth of both __________ displays that the influence of the tropics will increase in the future.79. What was the original purpose of the project State of the Tropics?80. According to the report, some organisms can experience population drop and extinction because of their __________.81. An expanded tropical zone will threaten health and safety issues; apart from that, what are the other existing challenges mentioned in the passage?第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你今晚能去参加李教授的讲座吗? (likely)2. 各国科学家正加强合作，寻求节能的有效方法。

上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编--听力部分-老师版(带答案已经校对)

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 2:02. B. 2:20. C. 2:50. D. 2:32.2. A. Mother and child. B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.3. A. At a hairdresser’s. B. At the dentist’s.C. At a fashion show.D. At the tailor’s.4. A. The man lost his way. B. The man was locked in the room.C. He couldn’t open the door.D. He didn’t want to enter the room.5. A. She is working at a newspaper.B. She used to change her job quite often.C. She often has lunch with her supervisor.D. She wants her supervisor’s comments on her work.6. A. The man’s glasses are up to date.B. The man should wear his glasses in class.C. The man should have changed his glasses.D. The man shouldn’t sit at the back of the classroom.7. A. Take the bus with him. B. Drive him home from the station.C. Call him this evening.D. Drive him to the station.8. A. Where he is studying. B. What subject he is studying.C. How long he has been abroad.D. When he is returning.9. A. She wants to buy a new computer. B. She wants to know more about computers.C. She is unwilling to listen to the man.D. She believes what the man is talking about.10. A. Because she hasn’t shown up. B. Because she drives too slowly.C. Because she is very rude to him.D. Because she is always in a rush. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A laboratory assistant. B. A doctor.C. A teacher of a laboratory.D. A professor in the hospital.12. A. He will be punished severely.B. He will be dropped from the class.C. He can make up the classes.D. He will be allowed to remain if he has a good excuse.13. A. It should be cut.B. It must be fastened tightly back.C. It should be reported as an accident.D. The long hair wearer will be asked to leave the class.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In the 1870s. B. In 1926. C. By 1940. D. By 1817.15. A. He wanted to cut back production costs.B. He wanted the working people to earn more money.C. He thought the Americans’ life should be organized in a better way.D. He thought the five-day workweek was good for the economy.16. A. People drink a lot of alcohol.B. Night movies sell more tickets.C. TV shows more films of murder and love.D. People do things with emotion and purpose at night.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The design of the courses. B. The choice of the courses.C. The registration of the courses.D. The evaluation of the courses.18. A. Mathematics. B. Modern History.C. Chemistry.D. International Trade.19. A. Go directly to the classes. B. Ask other students for help.C. Speak to Professor Anderson.D. Go to the registration office first.20. A. To register at least one selective course every term.B. To register for at least one course each year.C. To register for the courses before the deadline.D. To choose no more than two courses every term.Keys: 1-5 DBACD 6-10 CBACA 11-13 CBB 14-16 ADA 17-20 CDCA听力录音稿I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M: The bus hasn’t come yet. It’s half an hour late.W: Yes, it should have been here at 2:02 as scheduled.Q: What time is it now?2. M: I’m sorry to complain about the milk. When I opened it at home, it smelled terrible.W: Oh, I’m sad to hear that. I’ll handle it right away.Q: What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?3. M: Do you want the same cut as last time?W: The same on top, but I’d like it a little longer over the ears and in the back.Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?4. W: Why don’t you enter the room?M: I tried all the keys in the lock, but it won’t open.Q: What has happened to the man?5. M: How are you getting along with your new job here?W: Well, I’m used to lots of new things, but I wish the supervisor would give me more feedback.Q: Which is true about the woman?6. M: You know, when I sit at the end of the classroom, I can’t see the board clearly.W: Well, you’ve been wearing the same glasses as long as I know you. It’s time for a new pair.Q: What does the woman mean?7. W: Would you like me to drive you to the station?M: No, I’ll take the bus. But can you pick me up this evening?Q: What does the man want the woman to do?8. M: My brother has been studying abroad.W: Really? Which country is he studying in?Q: What does the woman want to know about the man’s brother?9. M: Good morning, madam. I’d like to take a few minutes of your time to show you how much better your life will be with the help of our newest PC.W: Now? Unless it can help wash my clothes.Q: What does the woman mean?10. M: This is the third time we have had to wait for Anne. It’s so rude of her to make us all wait in the rush hour.W: Don’t be angry with her. She does have to drive 15 miles in the rush hour to get here.Q: Why is the man angry with Anne?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Good morning, everyone, I am Professor Smith, and I am your laboratory instructor. This class is intended as a necessary part of the course, which Dr. James will be in charge of. This class will meet twice a week in this laboratory. It begins at nine. I expect you to be on time. I do not intend to wait for latecomers or repeat what has already been covered if you miss the explanation. Do not arrive late and interrupt your neighbor; you may as well not come if you can’t be on time.Attendance is equally important. If you miss three lab classes, your name will be moved awa y from the class list I’m afraid, no excuses. You can’t complete the course without completing lab class.Safety is key here. It is very important to keep things neat and clean, dress properly, and be careful. You may not eat, drink or smoke in the laboratory and you should always clean the table top and wash your hands before and after the class. Long hair must be tied up. Large clothing must not be worn. And, finally, any laboratory accident must be reported immediately.I hope you’ll enjoy the laboratory. It’s a wonderful place but all these instructions are to be strictly followed. We will begin today by learning about the microphone.(Now listen again, please.)Questions：11. Who is the speaker?12. What will happen if a student misses three classes?13. What should be done if long hair is worn?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.The idea of the weekend is a recent invention. In the 1870s wealthy people began to speak of spending weekends in the country visiting friends. For most people, however, the workday was six days long. It ended at about noon or later on Saturday.Automobile maker Henry Ford was the first major employer in the United States to establish a workweek of five days. He did that in 1926. Henry Ford thought that if the working people had more free time they would spend more money and it was something good for the economy.By 1940 it had become common for most Americans to work 8 hours a day, 5 days a week.Today the lives of most Americans are organized that way: 5 days of work or school followed by 2 days of rest. For many people Saturday night is the highpoint of the weekend and the week. It is the night for going out or having fun.Anything and everything can happen on Saturday night. People go dancing, visiting friends and having parties. They drink too much alcohol. They get killed or kill other people. They sleep, watch television, and sometimes fall in love. People do these things on other nights of the week too, but they do them more often and with more emotion and purpose on Saturday night.On Saturday night movie theatres sell more tickets. It is also the biggest night for places that sell alcoholic drinks. That is one reason why Saturday night sees most murders, fights and deadly car accidents.(Now listen again, please.)Questions：14. When did people begin to have the idea of the weekend?15. Why did Henry Ford establish a workweek of five days?16. Why do murders, fights and car accidents occur mostly on Saturday nights?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.M: Hey Joy, I forgot to register for the courses. I’m one day late, and most of the classes are full.You know, everybody is supposed to register at least one selective course every school term to graduate. What do you think I should do?W: Poor you, Jack! You can’t do anything about that. I’m really sorry for you.M: Well, Do you think going to the registration office will help now?W: No, they will tell you the same thing, perhaps in a worse way.M: By the way, did you register yet?W: Of course, I’ve registered three courses yesterday. And it wasn’t easy for me to register for International Trade. It’s so popular these days.M: What classes do you think are still open today?W: Maybe Modern History, and Chemistry. It was said these two courses were not that popular last year.M: Good information. I didn’t know that. Although those two courses are not my favourites, it’s really a helpful suggestion.W: Anyway, that could be a choice.M: OK, I know what to do. Oh, well... What do you think about mathematics? I want to take that class this school term.W: That will be good, too. I took that class last year. Professor Anderson is really cool! If you go to his office, you can have him write a card that will let you in, even if the class is full.M: He does that? Great! I’ll go and try my luck.W: I guess that’s because some people drop out of his class.M: That makes sense. I think I’ll do that.W: And I think you can also directly go and ask some other teachers whose classes you like better instead of the registration office.M: Yes, why not. Thanks for all the help.W: You’re welcome.(Now listen again, please.)Questions:17. What does this conversation mainly talk about?18. What course did the woman choose according to the conversation?19. What do you think will the man do in order to take mathematics?20. What must a student do in order to graduate according to the conversation?I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Before dinner. B. During the meal.C. After dinner.D. Tomorrow evening.2. A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station.C. In a cinema.D. At an airport.3. A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary.C. Doctor and patient.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. 4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A. The lecture. B. The heat.C. The workload.D. The air quality.6. A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested. D. Annoyed.7. A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resumé.C. Get a job on campus.D. Apply for a job with PICC.8. A. He is fearless. B. He is forgetful.C. He is helpful.D. He is thoughtful.9. A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news.C. Reading newspapers.D. Putting up advertisements.10. A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man.C. She doesn’t believe he can do it.D. She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently.C. An assignment of a creative writing course.D. A detective case that was just finished.12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B. She was happy that she finished the story easily.C. She was expected to finish the story in a month.D. She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first.C. Do work for another course.D. Write everything occurring to her.14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera.C. Do some research for her writing.D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. They don’t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students.C. They will take place next week.D. They will no longer exist.16. A. To inspire young people to practice more.B. To encourage young people to be creative.C. To motivate young people to keep learning.D. To urge young people to start up companies.17. A. To bring more economic benefits. B. To help students memorize better.C. To change the present education system.D. To develop teachers’ multi-skills.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey.C. Revealing of determination.D. Loss of the social identity.19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner.C. Lack of sleep.D. Getting impatient.20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise.B. Providing people with new business.C. Giving people time to think about their life again.D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.Keys: 1-5 ADCDB 6-10 BDBCB 11-14 CADC 15-17 DBC 18-20 DBC听力录音稿I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. W: Would you mind if we discuss tomorrow’s schedule before dinner this e vening?M: Not at all. I certainly don’t want to talk about it during our meal.Q: When will the two speakers discuss the schedule?2. M: Check in here?W: Yes, can I see your flight ticket, please?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?3. W: I couldn’t stand this morning. My right leg went hard.M: I’m afraid it’s probably a side effect from the drugs I put you on.Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?4. M: Is it true that all of them survived the fire last night?W: Yes, a miracle, isn’t it? There was a couple on the second floor and two women and three kids on theground floor. But no one was badly hurt.Q: How many people were caught in the fire?M: So do I. I’ll fall asleep if I don’t get out of this airless room soon.Q: What is the cause of their complaint?6. M: You seem to have been restless the whole day today. What’s up?W: Later in the afternoon they will announce who will get permission for the study trip to Africa.Q: How does the woman probably feel?7. W: I heard that PICC is going to hold interviews on campus next week.M: Yeah, what day? I’d like to talk to them and drop my resumé.Q: What does the man intend to do?8. M: I will never go with Bill again. He could never remember where he parked his car.W: That certainly sounds like Bill.Q: What do we know about Bill from the conversation?9. W: Would you pass me the sports section, please?M: Sure, if you give me the classified ads and local news section.Q: What are the two speakers doing?10. M: My grades are not bad, but not good enough. I know I didn’t study at all this semester.Now I have to work very hard next semester to keep my scholarship.W: I’ll see you in the library, then.Q: What does the woman mean?Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.M: I am so relieved. I just finished the story I was working on for our creative writing course. W: I haven’t quite finished mine yet. I had trouble getting past the beginning.M: How come?W: Well, I was really happy to be writing a detective story. But after the first few pages, I sort of froze up ment ally. I just couldn’t write any more.M: The same thing happened to me. I thought it meant I lack imagination.W: Well, Professor Wilson said it’s pretty common for writers to get stuck like that.M: You went to talk to her about it?W: Actually, I went to ask for more time to finish the assignment. But instead she gave me some advice about how to pull myself out of the situation like that. She said that first thing I should do is just write anything that comes into my head even if it doesn’t make any sens e, sort of warm up exercise.M: That is interesting. When I got stuck, I shifted to something else, you know, do some work for one of my other courses.W: Well, her methods seem to have worked for me. I’ve written most of the story, and should be able to hand it in on time. But first I need to go to the jewelry store.M: You’re going shopping? Can’t you wait until you finish your story?W: I am going there for my story. My detective solves a jewelry store robbery, so I want to take a look at how the jewelry cases are arranged, where the security cameras are located, that sort of thing.11. What are the two speakers talking about?12. What can be learned about the woman?13. What did Professor Wilson advise the woman to do?14. What i the woman going to do in the jewelry store?Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.Thailand’s annual university admissions tests are taking place this week. Tens of thousands of students are trying to give the right answers to math and language questions. High scores permit students to enter the top schools. However, these tests will not be in place for much longer. The current examinations require that students memorize facts in high school classes. They do not test critical thinking or creative problem solving abilities. The Ministry of Education wants toencourage young people to innovate. So, it will begin a new selection process for university students. They hope the best schools will start to accept people with new business ideas.The ministry’s deputy director for higher education told VOA the new exam system will look for people interested in invention or starting businesses. She said the ministry hopes new admissions policies will reshape the 12-year public education system. She said it should not focus only on memorization of facts but also on the growth of other skills.15. What can we learn about Thailand’s current university admissions tests?16. What is the Ministry of Education’s intention to have a new exam system?17. What is the expected impact to be brought by the new admissions policies?Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.As more and more people lose their jobs, now is perhaps the time to consider the experience of unemployment. What are the first feelings? Well, losing a job, or not being able to find one, almost always brings unwelcome changes. As well as the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is destroyed, their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions broken, their identity as a worker removed.At first there may be good feelings too – a new and better job is just around the corner – it is nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning or spend more time with the children. But, unless a better job does turn up, the chances are the days start getting longer and time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel ill-tempered and depressed, often isolated and lonely.Despite all these problems though, unemployment can be a fresh start. You can discover that it provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it. You can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new skill, develop your hobbies or see if you can run your own business.18. What negative change may unemployment bring to people?19. What is not the probable reaction when people cannot find a job for a long time?20. In what way does unemployment do good to people?Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repair women instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Keys: 1-5 CCBDD6-10 ADBDC 11-13 ACD14-16 BCA 17-20 CADBI. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Interesting. B. Reasonable.C. BrilliantD. Ridiculous.2. A. At a publishing house. B. In a printing shop.C. At a bookstore.D. In a library.3. A. An actor. B. A translator.C. A director.D. A writer.4. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Boss and secretary.C. Manager and customer.D. Interviewer and job hunter.5. A. The models. B. The new fashion.C. The show.D. The secret girls.6. A. Moved. B. Young.C. Satisfied.D. Old.7. A. An amazing article. B. A boring book.C.A local election.D. A fascinating topic.8. A. The woman is thinking of changing her idea.B.The woman gives the man so many choices.C.The man dislikes the food offered there.。

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